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Sorel M, Garcia JA, German-Retana S. The Potyviridae cylindrical inclusion helicase: a key multipartner and multifunctional protein. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2014; 27:215-226. [PMID: 24405034 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-11-13-0333-cr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A unique feature shared by all plant viruses of the Potyviridae family is the induction of characteristic pinwheel-shaped inclusion bodies in the cytoplasm of infected cells. These cylindrical inclusions are composed of the viral-encoded cylindrical inclusion helicase (CI protein). Its helicase activity was characterized and its involvement in replication demonstrated through different reverse genetics approaches. In addition to replication, the CI protein is also involved in cell-to-cell and long-distance movements, possibly through interactions with the recently discovered viral P3N-PIPO protein. Studies over the past two decades demonstrate that the CI protein is present in several cellular compartments interacting with viral and plant protein partners likely involved in its various roles in different steps of viral infection. Furthermore, the CI protein acts as an avirulence factor in gene-for-gene interactions with dominant-resistance host genes and as a recessive-resistance overcoming factor. Although a significant amount of data concerning the potential functions and subcellular localization of this protein has been published, no synthetic review is available on this important multifunctional protein. In this review, we compile and integrate all information relevant to the current understanding of this viral protein structure and function and present a mode of action for CI, combining replication and movement.
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2
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Allison RF, Sorenson JC, Kelly ME, Armstrong FB, Dougherty WG. Sequence determination of the capsid protein gene and flanking regions of tobacco etch virus: Evidence for synthesis and processing of a polyprotein in potyvirus genome expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 82:3969-72. [PMID: 16593574 PMCID: PMC397915 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.82.12.3969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleotide sequence of the 3'-terminal portion of the tobacco etch virus (TEV) genome was determined. The 2324-nucleotide sequence represented approximately one-fourth of the TEV genome and included the capsid protein gene and flanking regions. An open reading frame of 2135 nucleotides and an untranslated region of 189 nucleotides adjacent to a polyadenylate tract were identified. The sequence began within an open reading frame, indicating that the initiation codon was upstream of the available sequence data. The sequence of the 20 NH(2)-terminal amino acids of the TEV capsid protein was established chemically. An identical amino acid sequence, predicted from the nucleotide sequence, was located, commencing at amino acid - 263. These data indicated that maturation of the capsid protein required a post-translational cleavage of a larger protein precursor, with a probable cleavage site between the amino acids glutamine and glycine.
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Affiliation(s)
- R F Allison
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
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Shand K, Theodoropoulos C, Stenzel D, Dale JL, Harrison MD. Expression of Potato virus Y cytoplasmic inclusion protein in tobacco results in disorganization of parenchyma cells, distortion of epidermal cells, and induces mitochondrial and chloroplast abnormalities, formation of membrane whorls and atypical lipid accumulation. Micron 2009; 40:730-6. [PMID: 19477654 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2009.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2009] [Revised: 04/27/2009] [Accepted: 04/28/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Infection of plant cells by potyviruses induces the formation of cytoplasmic inclusions ranging in size from 200 to 1000 nm. To determine if the ability to form these ordered, insoluble structures is intrinsic to the potyviral cytoplasmic inclusion protein, we have expressed the cytoplasmic inclusion protein from Potato virus Y in tobacco under the control of the chrysanthemum ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase small subunit promoter, a highly active, green tissue promoter. No cytoplasmic inclusions were observed in the leaves of transgenic tobacco using transmission electron microscopy, despite being able to clearly visualize these inclusions in Potato virus Y infected tobacco leaves under the same conditions. However, we did observe a wide range of tissue and sub-cellular abnormalities associated with the expression of the Potato virus Y cytoplasmic inclusion protein. These changes included the disruption of normal cell morphology and organization in leaves, mitochondrial and chloroplast internal reorganization, and the formation of atypical lipid accumulations. Despite these significant structural changes, however, transgenic tobacco plants were viable and the results are discussed in the context of potyviral cytoplasmic inclusion protein function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie Shand
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
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Bock KR. The identification and partial characterisation of plant viruses in the tropics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/09670878209370747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Purcifull DE, Hiebert E. Serological relationships involving potyviral nonstructural proteins. ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY. SUPPLEMENTUM 1992; 5:97-122. [PMID: 1450774 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-6920-9_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This report represents a compilation of many of the publications on antigenic properties of potyviral-specified nonstructural proteins. Polyclonal antisera have been prepared for use in characterization of six nonstructural proteins. These include antisera to the cylindrical inclusion proteins of at least 28 potyviruses, to small nuclear inclusion protein (protease) of four potyviruses, to large nuclear inclusion protein (putative replicase) of three viruses, helper component-protease or amorphous inclusion protein of at least four viruses, to the P1 protein (located at the N-terminus of the polyprotein) of one virus, and to the P3 protein (located between helper component protease and cylindrical inclusion protein) of one virus. Monoclonal antibodies also have been prepared to several of these nonstructural proteins. The evidence thus far indicates that cylindrical inclusions of different potyviruses have both conserved and unique epitopes. Nuclear inclusion proteins and amorphous inclusion proteins also may have conserved and unique epitopes. Antigenic relationships of potyviral nonstructural proteins have potential for the identification and classification of potyviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Purcifull
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville
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Hiebert E, Purcifull DE. A comparison of pepper mottle virus with potato virus Y and evidence for their distinction. ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY. SUPPLEMENTUM 1992; 5:321-6. [PMID: 1450758 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-6920-9_34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Pepper mottle virus (PepMOV) was identified as a distinct potyvirus infecting peppers in Arizona and Florida in the 1970's. The distinction of PepMoV from potato virus Y (PVY) has recently been challenged on the basis of sequence comparisons of the coat proteins and of the 3' nontranslated regions of the viral RNAs. We summarize the biological, cytological, serological, and in vitro translational studies which compare the apparent differences, and also similarities, between PepMoV and PVY. We conclude that although PepMoV may be more closely related to PVY than to other known potyvirus, PepMoV should be maintained as a separate virus on the basis of its distinctive characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Hiebert
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville
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7
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Murphy JF, Rhoads RE, Hunt AG, Shaw JG. The VPg of tobacco etch virus RNA is the 49-kDa proteinase or the N-terminal 24-kDa part of the proteinase. Virology 1990; 178:285-8. [PMID: 2202147 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(90)90405-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Preparations of tobacco etch virus (TEV) RNA which were purified by sucrose gradient centrifugation, digested with RNase, and analyzed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis contained proteins of 49, 32, and 24 kDa. The 49- and 24-kDa proteins reacted with polyclonal antiserum to the TEV 49-kDa proteinase while the 32-kDa protein reacted with anti-TEV serum. Further purification of the RNA by centrifugation through CsCl removed the coat protein (32 kDa), but not the 49- and 24-kDa proteins. The 49- and 24-kDa proteins did not migrate into a polyacrylamdie gel when the RNA was not digested with RNase. These results indicate that the VPg of TEV is either the 49-kDa proteinase or the 24 kDa that represents the amino-terminal half thereof.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Murphy
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40546
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8
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Mowat WP, Dawson S, Duncan GH. Production of antiserum to a non-structural potyviral protein and its use to detect narcissus yellow stripe and other potyviruses. J Virol Methods 1989; 25:199-209. [PMID: 2778031 DOI: 10.1016/0166-0934(89)90033-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A protein, of apparent molecular weight 72,000, was purified from experimentally infected narcissus plants with yellow stripe symptoms utilising SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This protein was excised from the gels and used to prepare antiserum, which reacted specifically with cytoplasmic cylindrical inclusions in ultra-thin sections of virus-infected cells and, in immunoblots, with the 72 kDa protein in preparations containing cytoplasmic inclusions. The antiserum reacted in ELISA with leaf extracts from yellow stripe diseased plants of four narcissus cultivars but not with extracts from comparable symptomless plants. In tests with extracts of plants infected with seven definitive potyviruses, reactions were obtained with bean yellow mosaic and iris mild mosaic viruses. Virus-specific reactions in dot-blot ELISA were dependent on the presence of Tween 20 in the extraction buffer. In contrast, an antiserum to the putative cytoplasmic inclusion protein of alstroemeria mosaic virus reacted only with SDS-treated leaf extracts of infected plants. In limited tests, the method of purifying cytoplasmic inclusion protein was successfully applied to four definitive potyviruses, suggesting that it may be generally applicable to potyviruses and of use for preparing antisera when purification of virus particles is difficult.
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Affiliation(s)
- W P Mowat
- Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, U.K
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Shukla DD, Ward CW. Structure of potyvirus coat proteins and its application in the taxonomy of the potyvirus group. Adv Virus Res 1989; 36:273-314. [PMID: 2472047 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3527(08)60588-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D D Shukla
- CSIRO, Division of Biotechnology, Parkville Laboratory, Victoria, Australia
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Hammond J, Lawson RH. An improved purification procedure for preparing potyviruses and cytoplasmic inclusions from the same tissue. J Virol Methods 1988; 20:203-17. [PMID: 3410929 DOI: 10.1016/0166-0934(88)90124-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Twelve different potyviruses and cytoplasmic inclusion proteins were purified from a range of plant species utilizing a single purification protocol. Highly purified preparations have been obtained with yields that reflect the relative concentrations in the starting material; virus yields of up to 15 mg per 100 g of tissue were obtained. In some cases aggregation resulted in losses of significant amounts of virus to the inclusion fraction; this varied among preparations of the same virus. Preparations obtained from cesium gradients were typically unaggregated and essentially free of host materials. Purified virus was suitable for the production of antisera with high specific titers and low titers against healthy plant antigens. Both purified virus and RNA prepared from the virus retained infectivity. Purified RNA was free of detectable host plant nucleic acids, as complementary DNA preparations synthesized using virion RNA as template were highly virus-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hammond
- USDA-ARS, Florist and Nursery Crops Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland 20705
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Baunoch D, Das P, Hari V. Intracellular localization of TEV capsid and inclusion proteins by immunogold labeling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0889-1605(88)90064-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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Shukla DD, Inglis AS, McKern NM, Gough KH. Coat protein of potyviruses 2. amino acid sequence of the coat protein of potato virus Y. Virology 1986; 152:118-25. [DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(86)90377-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/1985] [Accepted: 03/21/1986] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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De Mejia M, Hiebert E, Purcifull DE. Isolation and partial characterization of the amorphous cytoplasmic inclusions associated with infections caused by two potyviruses. Virology 1985; 142:24-33. [DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(85)90419-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/1984] [Accepted: 11/13/1984] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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14
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Purification and Immunological Analyses of Plant Viral Inclusion Bodies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-470208-0.50012-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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15
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Otal T, Hari V. Detection and cell-free translation of subgenomic RNAs of tobacco etch virus. Virology 1983; 125:118-26. [DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(83)90068-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/1982] [Accepted: 11/05/1982] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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16
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Protein changes in wheat infected with wheat streak mosaic virus and in barley infected with barley stripe mosaic virus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/s0048-4059(83)81042-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Hari V. The RNA of Tobacco etch virus: Further characterization and detection of protein linked to RNA. Virology 1981; 112:391-9. [DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(81)90286-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/31/1981] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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18
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Gough KH, Shukla DD. Coat protein of potyviruses. I. Comparison of the four Australian strains of sugarcane mosaic virus. Virology 1981; 111:455-62. [DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(81)90348-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/13/1980] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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19
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Abu-Samah N, Randles J. A comparison of the nucleotide sequence homologies of three isolates of bean yellow mosaic virus and their relationship to other potyviruses. Virology 1981; 110:436-44. [DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(81)90074-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/23/1980] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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20
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Purification of potato virus A and its detection in potato by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1981. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02854418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Dougherty WG, Hiebert E. Translation of potyvirus RNA in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate: Identification of nuclear inclusion proteins as products of tobacco etch virus RNA translation and cylindrical inclusion protein as a product of the potyvirus genome. Virology 1980; 104:174-82. [DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(80)90375-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/1980] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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22
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Shepherd RJ, Richins R, Shalla T. Isolation and properties of the inclusion bodies of cauliflower mosaic virus. Virology 1980; 102:389-400. [DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(80)90106-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/26/1979] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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23
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Translation of potyvirus,rna in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate: Reaction conditions and identification of capsid protein as one of the products of in vitro translation of tobacco etch and pepper mottle viral RNAs. Virology 1980; 101:466-74. [DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(80)90460-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/1979] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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25
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Vajda BP. Concentration and purification of viruses and bacteriophages with polyethylene glycol. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 1978; 23:88-96. [PMID: 23986 DOI: 10.1007/bf02876605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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26
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Govier DA, Kassanis B, Pirone TP. Partial purification and characterization of the potato virus Y helper component. Virology 1977; 78:306-14. [PMID: 860406 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(77)90101-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Wilson HJ, Goodman RM, Israel HW. Pinwheel inclusions in morphogenesis: a possible alternative to induction by viruses. Arch Virol 1976; 51:347-54. [PMID: 184764 DOI: 10.1007/bf01317938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pinwheel inclusions (PWs) were found in cells of callus tissue derived from explants of secondary phloem parenchyma of carrot (Daucus carota) storage root and grown on a basal medium containing zeatin and indoleacetic acid or coconut milk, naphthalene acetic acid, or combinations of these. Preliminary attempts to demonstrate the presence of viruses in the callus tissue failed. The possibility that the tissles were infected by a low titer or unstable conventional virus or by a defective mutant has not been ruled out. However, two lines of evidence suggest that the PWs in these tissues may be a result of culture conditions and not of virus infection. First, no PWs or other cytoplasmic inclusions were found in cells of otherwise similar tissue cultured on basal medium alone, and multifibrillar bundles (MFBs) but not PWs were found when the tissues were cultured on a medium that stimulates differentiation and morphogenesis. Second, culture stimulated to differentiate and containing MFBs only were returned to the supplemented basal medium and subsequently found to contain both PWs and MFBs.
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Moghal SM, Francki RI. Towards a system for the identification and classification of potyviruses. I. Serology and amino acid composition of six distinct viruses. Virology 1976; 73:350-62. [PMID: 822581 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(76)90396-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Gonsalves D, Garnsey SM. Nucleic acid components of citrus variegation virus and their activation by coat protein. Virology 1975; 67:311-8. [PMID: 1189283 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(75)90432-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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33
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McDonald JG, Hiebert E. Characterization of the capsid and cylindrical inclusion proteins of three strains of turnip mosaic virus. Virology 1975; 63:295-303. [PMID: 803740 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(75)90303-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Knuhtsen H, Hiebert E, Purcifull DE. Partial purification and some properties of tobacco etch virus induced intranuclear inclusions. Virology 1974; 61:200-9. [PMID: 4213287 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(74)90254-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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35
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McDonald JG, Hiebert E. Ultrastructure of cylindrical inclusions induced by viruses of the potato Y group as visualized by freeze-etching. Virology 1974; 58:200-8. [PMID: 4821697 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(74)90154-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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