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Li X, Zhang J, Zhang G, Liu J, Tang C, Chen K, Chen P, Tan L, Guo Y. Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound and Conventional Ultrasound Characteristics of Breast Cancer With Different Molecular Subtypes. Clin Breast Cancer 2024; 24:204-214. [PMID: 38102010 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2023.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying molecular subtypes of breast cancer (BC) is of great significance in selecting optimal treatment strategy. Different molecular subtypes of BC have various vascular distribution characteristics. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) can dynamically display the microcirculation of tumor. This study intends to explore the conventional ultrasound and CEUS characteristics of different molecular subtypes of BC. METHODS During this prospective study, 86 patients with BC who were divided into Luminal A (LA), Luminal B (LB), HER2 over-expression (H2), and triple-negative (TN). The CEUS qualitative and quantitative characteristics of BC with different molecular subtypes was explored, as well as the conventional ultrasound features. In addition, the diagnostic efficiency of CEUS quantitative parameters in differentiating molecular subtypes of BC was analyzed. RESULTS Our study found that the Adler grade differed significantly among 4 molecular subtypes (P < .05). The enhancement speed, enhancement degree and size after enhancement of 4 molecular subtypes were statistically different (P < .05). The wash in slope (WIS), peak intensity (PI), and wash-in area under the curve (WiAUC) differed significantly among 4 subtypes (P < .05). The diagnostic efficiency of PI was better for detecting LA and H2 subtype with the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.778 and 0.734, respectively. CONCLUSION Different molecular subtypes of BC have different CEUS and conventional ultrasound characteristics. CEUS can provide valuable imaging basis for precise clinical diagnosis and individualized therapy of BC with different molecular subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Guozhi Zhang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Chunlin Tang
- Department of Ultrasound, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Kaixuan Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Tan
- Department of Ultrasound, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yanli Guo
- Department of Ultrasound, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.
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Adler Y, Ristić AD, Imazio M, Brucato A, Pankuweit S, Burazor I, Seferović PM, Oh JK. Cardiac tamponade. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2023; 9:36. [PMID: 37474539 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-023-00446-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac tamponade is a medical emergency caused by the progressive accumulation of pericardial fluid (effusion), blood, pus or air in the pericardium, compressing the heart chambers and leading to haemodynamic compromise, circulatory shock, cardiac arrest and death. Pericardial diseases of any aetiology as well as complications of interventional and surgical procedures or chest trauma can cause cardiac tamponade. Tamponade can be precipitated in patients with pericardial effusion by dehydration or exposure to certain medications, particularly vasodilators or intravenous diuretics. Key clinical findings in patients with cardiac tamponade are hypotension, increased jugular venous pressure and distant heart sounds (Beck triad). Dyspnoea can progress to orthopnoea (with no rales on lung auscultation) accompanied by weakness, fatigue, tachycardia and oliguria. In tamponade caused by acute pericarditis, the patient can experience fever and typical chest pain increasing on inspiration and radiating to the trapezius ridge. Generally, cardiac tamponade is a clinical diagnosis that can be confirmed using various imaging modalities, principally echocardiography. Cardiac tamponade is preferably resolved by echocardiography-guided pericardiocentesis. In patients who have recently undergone cardiac surgery and in those with neoplastic infiltration, effusive-constrictive pericarditis, or loculated effusions, fluoroscopic guidance can increase the feasibility and safety of the procedure. Surgical management is indicated in patients with aortic dissection, chest trauma, bleeding or purulent infection that cannot be controlled percutaneously. After pericardiocentesis or pericardiotomy, NSAIDs and colchicine can be considered to prevent recurrence and effusive-constrictive pericarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehuda Adler
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Bnei Brak, Israel.
- College of Law and Business, Ramat Gan, Israel.
| | - Arsen D Ristić
- Department of Cardiology, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, Belgrade University, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Massimo Imazio
- Cardiothoracic Department, Cardiology, University Hospital Santa Maria della Misericordia, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy
| | - Antonio Brucato
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Fatebenefratelli Hospital, The University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Sabine Pankuweit
- Department of Internal Medicine-Cardiology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ivana Burazor
- Faculty of Medicine, Belgrade University, Belgrade, Serbia
- Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases "Dedinje" and Belgrade University, Faculty of Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Petar M Seferović
- Department of Cardiology, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, Belgrade University, Belgrade, Serbia
- Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jae K Oh
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Mehdizadeh R, Ansari AM, Forouzesh F, Ghadirian R, Shahriari F, Shariatpanahi SP, Javidi MA. Cross-talk between non-ionizing electromagnetic fields and metastasis; EMT and hybrid E/M may explain the anticancer role of EMFs. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023:S0079-6107(23)00060-3. [PMID: 37302516 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2023.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that non-ionizing electromagnetic fields (NIEMFs) in a specific frequency, intensity, and exposure time can have anti-cancer effects on various cancer cells; however, the underlying precise mechanism of action is not transparent. Most cancer deaths are due to metastasis. This important phenomenon plays an inevitable role in different steps of cancer including progression and development. It has different stages including invasion, intravasation, migration, extravasation, and homing. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), as well as hybrid E/M state, are biological processes, that involve both natural embryogenesis and tissue regeneration, and abnormal conditions including organ fibrosis or metastasis. In this context, some evidence reveals possible footprints of the important EMT-related pathways which may be affected in different EMFs treatments. In this article, critical EMT molecules and/or pathways which can be potentially affected by EMFs (e.g., VEGFR, ROS, P53, PI3K/AKT, MAPK, Cyclin B1, and NF-кB) are discussed to shed light on the mechanism of EMFs anti-cancer effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Mehdizadeh
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science, and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Madjid Ansari
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Flora Forouzesh
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science, and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reyhane Ghadirian
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Shahriari
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Amin Javidi
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science, and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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Pangarsa E, Wuryantoro P, Naibaho R, Setiawan B, Santosa D, Istiadi H, Puspasari D, Suharti C. Preliminary study of hypoxia markers in diffuse large B‑cell lymphoma. Mol Clin Oncol 2022; 17:140. [PMID: 35949890 PMCID: PMC9353874 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2022.2573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
While the association of hypoxia has been established in various types of solid cancers, little is known about its presence and existence in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) in DLBCL and to analyze the association of these factors with several clinical and pathological characteristics. The immunohistochemical protein expression of HIF-1α and VEGF-A was investigated in 34 de novo DLBCL tumor samples from January 2017 to December 2017 from the Department of Hematology/Medical Oncology and Anatomical Pathology at Dr Kariadi Hospital (Semarang, Indonesia). The present study revealed by using immunohistochemistry (IHC), that hypoxic markers were overexpressed (88.2% for both HIF-1α and VEGF-A) in the vast majority of patients with DLBCL. Only in 4 tumors, was HIF-1α expression normal, and interestingly VEGF-A was negative as well. There was a significant correlation in the intensity of staining of HIF-1α and VEGF-A using our custom scoring system in surgically resected tissues (r=0.475; P=0.005). Both HIF-1α and VEGF-A were also associated to serum LDH and tumor diameter. Collectively, HIF-1α and VEGF-A were predominantly expressed in the majority of DLBCL tumor cells. The findings of the present study indicate the existence of hypoxia in DLBCL tumors similar to numerous solid cancers, and thus warrants further investigation to clarify its role as a potential pathogenic or prognostic marker in this type of hematological cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eko Pangarsa
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty of Diponegoro University, Dr Kariadi Hospital, Semarang, Central Java 50244, Indonesia
| | - Probo Wuryantoro
- Department of Medicine, Palangkaraya Hospital, Palangkaraya, Central Kalimantan 73111, Indonesia
| | - Ridho Naibaho
- Department of Hematology/Medical Oncology, A. M. Parikesit Hospital and A. W. Sjahranie Hospital, Mulawarman School of Medicine, Samarinda, East Kalimantan 75123, Indonesia
| | - Budi Setiawan
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty of Diponegoro University, Dr Kariadi Hospital, Semarang, Central Java 50244, Indonesia
| | - Damai Santosa
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty of Diponegoro University, Dr Kariadi Hospital, Semarang, Central Java 50244, Indonesia
| | - Hermawan Istiadi
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Dr Kariadi Hospital, Semarang, Central Java 50244, Indonesia
| | - Dik Puspasari
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Dr Kariadi Hospital, Semarang, Central Java 50244, Indonesia
| | - Catharina Suharti
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty of Diponegoro University, Dr Kariadi Hospital, Semarang, Central Java 50244, Indonesia
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T helper cell-mediated epitranscriptomic regulation via m6A RNA methylation bridges link between coronary artery disease and invasive ductal carcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022; 148:3421-3436. [PMID: 35776197 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04130-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) and coronary artery disease (CAD), remains the greatest cause of death annually in women, driven by complex signalling pathways and shared several predisposing risk factors together. Therefore, it is important to find out the common epigenetic modifications which are responsible for possible disease progression from CAD to IDC. METHODS CD4+T cell isolation by MACS, RT2 profiler PCR array, Gene ontology study, m6A RNA methylation, ChIP-qPCR, Q-PCR, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout/overexpression, Lactate dehydrogenase release assay, RDIP-qPCR. RESULTS We have identified several epigenetic regulators (e.g., VEGFA, AIMP1, etc.) which are mainly involved in inflammatory pathways in both the diseased conditions. Epitranscriptomic alterations such as m6A RNA methylation found abnormal in CD4+T helper cells in both IDC as well as CAD. CRISPR-Cas9 mediated knockout/overexpression of specific gene (BRCA1) are promising therapeutic approaches in diseased conditions by regulating m6A RNA methylation and also tumor suppressor gene P53. It also affected the R-loop formation which is vulnerable to DNA damage and BRCA1 can also induce CTL mediated cytotoxicity in breast cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, by understanding the modifications of epigenetic mechanisms, their alterations and interactions will aid in the development of newer therapeutic approaches to stop the possible spread from one disease to another.
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Association of XRCC3, XRCC4, BAX, and BCL-2 Polymorphisms with the Risk of Breast Cancer. Int J Breast Cancer 2022; 2022:5817841. [PMID: 35320970 PMCID: PMC8938079 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5817841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women. Genetic risk factors associated with breast cancer incidence have been identified. Aims This study is aimed at determining the association of XRCC3 Thr241Met (rs861539), XRCC4 G(-1394) T (rs6869366) DNA repair and BAX G(-248) A (rs4645878), and BCL2 C(-938) A (rs2279115) apoptotic gene polymorphisms with breast cancer. Materials and Methods Genetic analysis was performed using peripheral blood samples. Gene polymorphisms were detected by using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique. 175 patients and 158 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Results Breast cancer risk was 5.43 times more in individuals with AA genotype of Bax G(-248) A (rs4645878) (P = 0.002). The risk of metastasis was 11 times with this genotype. It was associated with 6 times more risk of having a tumor larger than 2 cm. The risk of breast cancer was 2.77 times more in individuals carrying the Met/Met genotype of XRCC3 Thr241Met (rs861539) (P = 0.009). The risk of having advanced clinical stage (stage III+IV) with the Met/Met genotype was 4 times more increased. No relationship with breast cancer was found with XRCC4 G(-1394) T (rs6869366) and BCL2 C(-938) A (rs2279115) gene polymorphisms. Conclusion Multicenter trials using subjects with genetic variations are needed to establish the relationship between breast cancer and single gene polymorphism.
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Ab Mumin N, Ramli Hamid MT, Wong JHD, Rahmat K, Ng KH. Magnetic Resonance Imaging Phenotypes of Breast Cancer Molecular Subtypes: A Systematic Review. Acad Radiol 2022; 29 Suppl 1:S89-S106. [PMID: 34481705 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2021.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most sensitive imaging modality in detecting breast cancer. The purpose of this systematic review is to investigate the role of human extracted MRI phenotypes in classifying molecular subtypes of breast cancer. METHODS We performed a literature search of published articles on the application of MRI phenotypic features in invasive breast cancer molecular subtype classifications by radiologists' interpretation on Medline Complete, Pubmed, and Google scholar from 1st January 2000 to 31st March 2021. Of the 1453 literature identified, 42 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. RESULTS All studies were case-controlled, retrospective study and research-based. The majority of the studies assessed the MRI features using American College of Radiology- Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (ACR-BIRADS) classification and using dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) kinetic features, Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) values, and T2 sequence. Most studies divided invasive breast cancer into 4 main subtypes, luminal A, luminal B, HER2, and triple-negative (TN) cancers, and used 2 readers. We present a summary of the radiologists' extracted breast MRI phenotypical features and their correlating breast cancer subtypes classifications. The characteristic features are morphology, enhancement kinetics, and T2 signal intensity. We found that the TN subtype has the most distinctive MRI features compared to the other subtypes and luminal A and B have many similar features. CONCLUSION The MRI features which are predictive of each subtype are the morphology, internal enhancement features, and T2 signal intensity, predominantly between TN and the rest. Radiologists' visual interpretation of some of MRI features may offer insight into the respective invasive breast cancer molecular subtype. However, current evidence are still limited to "suggestive" features instead of a diagnostic standard. Further research is recommended to explore this potential application, for example, by augmentation of radiologists' visual interpretation by artificial intelligence.
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Othman IMM, Alamshany ZM, Tashkandi NY, Gad-Elkareem MAM, Abd El-Karim SS, Nossier ES. Synthesis and biological evaluation of new derivatives of thieno-thiazole and dihydrothiazolo-thiazole scaffolds integrated with a pyrazoline nucleus as anticancer and multi-targeting kinase inhibitors. RSC Adv 2022; 12:561-577. [PMID: 35424523 PMCID: PMC8694192 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08055e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Deregulation of various protein kinases is considered as one of the important factors resulting in cancer development and metastasis, thus multi-targeting the kinase family is one of the most important strategies in current cancer therapy. This context represents the design and synthesis of two sets of derivatives bearing a pyrazoline-3-one ring conjugated either with a thieno[3,2-d]thiazole or with a dihydrothiazolo[4,5-d]thiazole scaffold via an NH linker, 3a–d and 5a–d respectively, using the pyrazolinone–thiazolinone derivative 1 as a key precursor. All the newly synthesized compounds were assessed in vitro for their anticancer activity against two cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and HepG-2). The safety profile of the most active cytotoxic candidates 1 and 3c was further examined against the normal cell line WI-38. The compounds 1 and 3c were further evaluated as multi-targeting kinase inhibitors against EGFR, VEGFR-2 and BRAFV600E, exhibiting promising suppression impact. Additionally, the latter compounds were investigated for their impact on cell cycle and apoptosis induction potential in the MCF-7 cell line. Moreover, the antimicrobial activity of all the new analogues was evaluated against a panel of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, yeast and fungi in comparison to streptomycin and amphotericin-B as reference drugs. Interestingly, both 1 and 3c showed the most promising microbial inhibitory effect. Molecular docking studies showed promising binding patterns of the compounds 1 and 3c with the prospective targets, EGFR, VEGFR-2 and BRAFV600E. Finally, additional toxicity studies were performed for the new derivatives which showed their good drug-like properties and low toxicity risks in humans. Deregulation of various protein kinases is considered as one of the important factors resulting in cancer development and metastasis, thus multi-targeting the kinase family is one of the most important strategies in current cancer therapy.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail M. M. Othman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Zahra M. Alamshany
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 42805, Jeddah 21551, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada Y. Tashkandi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 42805, Jeddah 21551, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Somaia S. Abd El-Karim
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Eman S. Nossier
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11754, Egypt
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Ghoneum A, Almousa S, Warren B, Abdulfattah AY, Shu J, Abouelfadl H, Gonzalez D, Livingston C, Said N. Exploring the clinical value of tumor microenvironment in platinum-resistant ovarian cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 77:83-98. [PMID: 33476723 PMCID: PMC8286277 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Platinum resistance in epithelial ovarian cancer (OvCa) is rising at an alarming rate, with recurrence of chemo-resistant high grade serous OvCa (HGSC) in roughly 75 % of all patients. Additionally, HGSC has an abysmal five-year survival rate, standing at 39 % and 17 % for FIGO stages III and IV, respectively. Herein we review the crucial cellular interactions between HGSC cells and the cellular and non-cellular components of the unique peritoneal tumor microenvironment (TME). We highlight the role of the extracellular matrix (ECM), ascitic fluid as well as the mesothelial cells, tumor associated macrophages, neutrophils, adipocytes and fibroblasts in platinum-resistance. Moreover, we underscore the importance of other immune-cell players in conferring resistance, including natural killer cells, myeloid-derived suppressive cells (MDSCs) and T-regulatory cells. We show the clinical relevance of the key platinum-resistant markers and their correlation with the major pathways perturbed in OvCa. In parallel, we discuss the effect of immunotherapies in re-sensitizing platinum-resistant patients to platinum-based drugs. Through detailed analysis of platinum-resistance in HGSC, we hope to advance the development of more effective therapy options for this aggressive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alia Ghoneum
- Departments of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Sameh Almousa
- Departments of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Bailey Warren
- Departments of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Ammar Yasser Abdulfattah
- Departments of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, 27157, USA; Alexandria University School of Medicine, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Junjun Shu
- Departments of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, 27157, USA; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Hebatullah Abouelfadl
- Departments of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, 27157, USA; Department of Genetics, Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Daniela Gonzalez
- Departments of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Christopher Livingston
- Departments of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Neveen Said
- Departments of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, 27157, USA; Departments of Urology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, 27157, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
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Kashihara T, Muguruma N, Fujimoto S, Miyamoto Y, Sato Y, Takayama T. Recent Advances in Molecular Imaging of Colorectal Tumors. Digestion 2021; 102:57-64. [PMID: 33271567 DOI: 10.1159/000512168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent endoscopic studies have revealed that small colorectal tumors are often overlooked during colonoscopy, indicating that more sensitive detection methods are needed. SUMMARY Molecular imaging has received considerable attention as a new endoscopic technique with high sensitivity. It generally employs a fluorescence-labeled compound that specifically binds to a molecule on the tumor. Fluorescent probes for molecular imaging are largely classified as 2 types: a fluorescence-labeled antibody targeting a molecule specifically expressed on the tumor cell surface such as epidermal growth factor receptor or vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF); and a fluorescence-labeled small molecule compound targeting a molecule specifically expressed in tumor cells including c-Met, glutathione S-transferase, γ-glutamyltranspeptidase, cathepsin, or endothelin A receptor. These probes successfully detected colorectal tumors in several animal studies. Moreover, 3 recent human clinical trials evaluating endoscopic molecular imaging for colorectal tumors have been reported. In one study, a Cy5-labeled synthetic peptide against c-Met was developed, and fluorescent endoscopic observation with this probe detected a greater number of colorectal adenomas than with white light observation. Another trial used IR800-labeled anti-VEGF antibody, which sensitively detected human colorectal adenomas by fluorescent endoscopy. Last, a fluorescent probe with synthetic peptide against BRAF-positive cells was able to visualize sessile serrated lesions. The fluorescent probes accumulated at very high levels in colorectal tumor cells but at lower levels in surrounding nonneoplastic mucosa. Key Messages: We expect that molecular imaging techniques with fluorescent probes will soon lead to the establishment of a highly sensitive endoscopic method for colorectal tumor detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Kashihara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Naoki Muguruma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shota Fujimoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Miyamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yasushi Sato
- Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Takayama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan,
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Distinctive Properties of Endothelial Cells from Tumor and Normal Tissue in Human Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168862. [PMID: 34445568 PMCID: PMC8396343 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor microenvironments shape aggressiveness and are largely maintained by the conditions of angiogenesis formation. Thus, endothelial cells’ (ECs) biological reactions are crucial to understand and control the design of efficient therapies. In this work, we used models of ECs to represent a breast cancer tumor site as well as the same, healthy tissue. Cells characterization was performed at the transcriptome and protein expression levels, and the cells functional biological responses (angiogenesis and permeability) were assessed. We showed that the expression of proteins specific to ECs (ACE+, VWF+), their differentiation (CD31+, CD 133+, CD105+, CD34-), their adhesion properties (ICAM-1+, VCAM-1+, CD62-L+), and their barrier formation (ZO-1+) were all downregulated in tumor-derived ECs. NGS-based differential transcriptome analysis confirmed CD31-lowered expression and pointed to the increase of Ephrin-B2 and SNCAIP, indicative of dedifferentiation. Functional assays confirmed these differences; angiogenesis was impaired while permeability increased in tumor-derived ECs, as further validated by the distinctly enhanced VEGF production in response to hypoxia, reflecting the tumor conditions. This work showed that endothelial cells differed highly significantly, both phenotypically and functionally, in the tumor site as compared to the normal corresponding tissue, thus influencing the tumor microenvironment.
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Verma H, Chandran A, Shaktivel P, Singh A, Kaushal S, Sikka K, Thakar A, Irugu DVK. The serum and tissue expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-in recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2021; 146:110737. [PMID: 33979678 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2021.110737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is known for its recurrent relapse despite various surgical and non-surgical treatments. Vascular Endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor expression on tissue is reported to be raised in RRP, and anti-VEGF targeted treatment is being explored to decrease recurrences. This study aims to identify the patients most suitable for systemic anti-VEGF therapy. METHODS The study design was a prospective cohort evaluation. The study group included all consecutive cases of RP treated surgically from November 2016-June 2019. Tissue receptor expression and serum levels of VEGF were assessed by immunohistochemistry and ELISA assay. Control samples for normal levels obtained by serum samples of healthy individuals and tissue samples obtained from healthy non-inflamed peripheral tissue of laryngectomy specimens. The tissue expression and serum levels of VEGF were compared with various disease-related factors of RP. RESULTS 32 cases of RRPs were included in the study with a median age of 20.85 years (range: 3-60 years). The glottis was involved in all patients and tracheobronchial involvement was seen among 6 patients (18.75%). The systemic and tissue expression of VEGF-A was significantly higher among cases than controls (p= <0.001). The serum level of VEGF-A was significantly higher among cases with higher Derkay's score (>20) (p = 0.02) and tissue expression of VEGF-A was significantly higher in tracheobronchial RRP (p = 0.04). CONCLUSION Patients of RP with tracheobronchial involvement and high Derkay's score with strong tissue receptor expression & high serum level of VEGF can be identified as the patients wherein anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody treatment is more likely to be effective and merits further investigation to prove this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitesh Verma
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Ashwin Chandran
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Pirabu Shaktivel
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Archana Singh
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Seema Kaushal
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Kapil Sikka
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Alok Thakar
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - D V K Irugu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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13
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Riccardi C, Napolitano E, Platella C, Musumeci D, Melone MAB, Montesarchio D. Anti-VEGF DNA-based aptamers in cancer therapeutics and diagnostics. Med Res Rev 2020; 41:464-506. [PMID: 33038031 DOI: 10.1002/med.21737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family and its receptors play fundamental roles not only in physiological but also in pathological angiogenesis, characteristic of cancer progression. Aiming at finding putative treatments for several malignancies, various small molecules, antibodies, or protein-based drugs have been evaluated in vitro and in vivo as VEGF inhibitors, providing efficient agents approved for clinical use. Due to the high clinical importance of VEGF, also a great number of anti-VEGF nucleic acid-based aptamers-that is, oligonucleotides able to bind with high affinity and specificity a selected biological target-have been developed as promising agents in anticancer strategies. Notable research efforts have been made in optimization processes of the identified aptamers, searching for increased target affinity and/or bioactivity by exploring structural analogues of the lead compounds. This review is focused on recent studies devoted to the development of DNA-based aptamers designed to target VEGF. Their therapeutic potential as well as their significance in the construction of highly selective biosensors is here discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Riccardi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, 2nd Division of Neurology, Center for Rare Diseases and Inter-University Center for Research in Neurosciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Ettore Napolitano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Platella
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Domenica Musumeci
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Biostructures and Bioimages, Naples, Italy
| | - Mariarosa A B Melone
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, 2nd Division of Neurology, Center for Rare Diseases and Inter-University Center for Research in Neurosciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy.,Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daniela Montesarchio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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14
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Yamaguchi K, Nakazono T, Egashira R, Fukui S, Baba K, Hamamoto T, Irie H. Maximum slope of ultrafast dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI of the breast: Comparisons with prognostic factors of breast cancer. Jpn J Radiol 2020; 39:246-253. [PMID: 33001328 DOI: 10.1007/s11604-020-01049-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the relationship between the maximum slope (MS) of ultrafast dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-MRI and prognostic factors of breast cancer. METHODS One hundred thirteen patients with 118 breast cancers were included in this study. The ultrafast DCE sequence was acquired using a higher parallel imaging factor. Its spatial resolution was 0.9 × 0.9 × 2.5 mm and its temporal resolution was 8.3 s/phase. Each lesion was automatically segmented, and the ROI of highest enhancement in the lesion was identified. In this ROI, the MS was calculated. The MS of each lesion was compared with various prognostic factors of breast cancer. RESULTS The MS of invasive cancer (median: 9.81%/sec) was significantly higher than that of ductal carcinoma in situ (median: 7.26%/sec) (p = 0.001). In the ROC analysis, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.7295. The MS of invasive cancer with axillary lymph node (LN) metastasis (median: 11.97%/sec) was significantly higher than that without axillary LN metastasis (median: 9.425%/sec) (p = 0.0024). In the ROC analysis, the AUC was 0.7177. In addition, the MS became significantly higher as the level of the proliferation marker ki-67 increased (correlation coefficient: 0.3317) (p = 0.0009). CONCLUSIONS MS of ultrafast DCE-MRI is useful for predicting the prognostic factors of breast cancer. Higher maximum slope (MS) is significantly associated with an invasive breast cancer component. Higher MS is significantly associated with an axillary lymph node metastasis. MS becomes significantly higher with increasing ki-67 (a proliferation marker). Ultrafast MRI is useful for predicting the prognostic factors of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Yamaguchi
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga, 849-8501, Japan.
| | - Takahiko Nakazono
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga, 849-8501, Japan
| | - Ryoko Egashira
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga, 849-8501, Japan
| | - Shuichi Fukui
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga, 849-8501, Japan
| | - Koichi Baba
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga, 849-8501, Japan
| | | | - Hiroyuki Irie
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga, 849-8501, Japan
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15
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Avondo S, Andreis A, Casula M, Imazio M. Update on diagnosis and management of neoplastic pericardial disease. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2020; 18:615-623. [PMID: 32797759 DOI: 10.1080/14779072.2020.1811087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pericardial neoplasms are uncommon, mostly due to secondary involvement of the pericardium by extracardiac tumors. Clinical presentation is nonspecific, frequently leading to a delayed diagnosis. Moreover, both benign and malignant pericardial tumors may be associated with myocardial infiltration and mechanical compression of cardiac chambers, possibly precipitating clinical conditions. Pericardial tumors are indeed a diagnostic and therapeutic clinical challenge. AREAS COVERED This review aims to provide an overview of the main clinical characteristics of pericardial tumors, along with their management in clinical practice. EXPERT COMMENTARY Multimodality imaging (echocardiography, chest X-ray, CT, CMR, and PET) enable full characterization of pericardial neoplasms. An individualized strategy should be developed by a multidisciplinary team including cardiologists, oncologists, radiologists, and cardiac surgeons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Avondo
- Cardiovascular and Thoracic Department, University Cardiology, AOU Città Della Salute e Della Scienza Di Torino , Torino, Italy
| | - Alessandro Andreis
- Cardiovascular and Thoracic Department, University Cardiology, AOU Città Della Salute e Della Scienza Di Torino , Torino, Italy
| | - Matteo Casula
- Cardiovascular and Thoracic Department, University Cardiology, AOU Città Della Salute e Della Scienza Di Torino , Torino, Italy
| | - Massimo Imazio
- Cardiovascular and Thoracic Department, University Cardiology, AOU Città Della Salute e Della Scienza Di Torino , Torino, Italy
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16
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Sun Z, Lan X, Xu S, Li S, Xi Y. Efficacy of bevacizumab combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer: a network meta-analysis. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:180. [PMID: 32131770 PMCID: PMC7057674 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-6674-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background It is not known what combination of bevacizumab and chemotherapy agents is the best therapeutic regimen. Comparative study results among the efficacies of bevacizumab plus chemotherapy remain controversial in patients with HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer. Methods We searched Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane Library Central Resister of Controlled Trials through were July 2019 for randomized controlled trials that evaluated the efficacy of bevacizumab plus chemotherapy in HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer. Data on included study characteristics, outcomes, and risk of bias were abstracted by two reviewers. Results A total of 16 RCT studies involving 5689 patients were included. The results showed that bevacizumab (Bev) - taxanes (Tax) - capecitabine (Cap) has highest-ranking and is probably more effective for prolonging progression-free survival (PFS) than Tax, Cap, Bev-Tax and Bev-Cap, which was no convincing differences among Bev-Cap-vinorelbine, Bev-Tax-everolimus, Bev-Tax-trebananib, Bev-exemestane, Bev-Cap-cyclophosphamide in Bev-containing regimens. For overall response rate (ORR), Bev-Tax-Cap is superior to Tax, Cap and Bev-Cap, while Bev-Tax-trebananib is superior to Cap. The cumulative probability ranking showed that Bev-Tax-Cap or Bev-Tax-trebananib may have best pathological response rate in HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer. Conclusion Our results provide moderate quality evidence that bevacizumab-taxanes-capecitabine maybe the most effective bevacizumab plus chemotherapy on PFS and ORR in HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer, however it should be also considered that bevacizumab may add toxicity to chemotherapy and whether improve overall survival (OS) or not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengwu Sun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Lan
- Department of Neurology, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian, China
| | - Shizhao Xu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian, China
| | - Shen Li
- Department of Neurology, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian, China
| | - Yalin Xi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian, China
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17
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Moccia F, Riccardi C, Musumeci D, Leone S, Oliva R, Petraccone L, Montesarchio D. Insights into the G-rich VEGF-binding aptamer V7t1: when two G-quadruplexes are better than one! Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:8318-8331. [PMID: 31276595 PMCID: PMC6735921 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The G-quadruplex-forming VEGF-binding aptamer V7t1 was previously found to be highly polymorphic in a K+-containing solution and, to restrict its conformational preferences to a unique, well-defined form, modified nucleotides (LNA and/or UNA) were inserted in its sequence. We here report an in-depth biophysical characterization of V7t1 in a Na+-rich medium, mimicking the extracellular environment in which VEGF targeting should occur, carried out combining several techniques to analyse the conformational behaviour of the aptamer and its binding to the protein. Our results demonstrate that, in the presence of high Na+ concentrations, V7t1 behaves in a very different way if subjected or not to annealing procedures, as evidenced by native gel electrophoresis, size exclusion chromatography and dynamic light scattering analysis. Indeed, not-annealed V7t1 forms both monomeric and dimeric G-quadruplexes, while the annealed oligonucleotide is a monomeric species. Remarkably, only the dimeric aptamer efficiently binds VEGF, showing higher affinity for the protein compared to the monomeric species. These findings provide new precious information for the development of improved V7t1 analogues, allowing more efficient binding to the cancer-related protein and the design of effective biosensors or theranostic devices based on VEGF targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Moccia
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 21, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Claudia Riccardi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 21, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Domenica Musumeci
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 21, I-80126 Napoli, Italy.,Institute of Biostructures and Bioimages, CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, I-80134 Napoli, Italy
| | - Serena Leone
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 21, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Rosario Oliva
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 21, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Luigi Petraccone
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 21, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Daniela Montesarchio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 21, I-80126 Napoli, Italy.,Institute for Endocrinology and Oncology 'Gaetano Salvatore', CNR, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
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18
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Cetirizine and thalidomide synergistically inhibit mammary tumorigenesis and angiogenesis in 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-treated rats. Anticancer Drugs 2019; 29:956-964. [PMID: 30134286 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cetirizine (CET) and thalidomide (THA) have been previously found to influence angiogenesis. The present study aimed to assess the ability of these drugs to influence mammary carcinogenesis in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty Sprague-Dawley female rats, aged 8 weeks, received 15 mg of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) intragastrically. CET and THA (1.0 and 3.0 mg/kg, respectively) were administered orally for 118 days after DMBA administration. At the end of the treatment period, mammary tumors were counted and weighed, and their morphology was analyzed using light microscopy. In tumor tissue, proliferation and apoptotic indices and microvessel density were determined using immunohistochemical techniques; the levels of angiogenic factors, vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor, were measured by western blotting. RESULTS CET and THA, administered separately, failed to influence tumor formation and angiogenesis. In contrast, the drug combination decreased latency to first tumor (significant difference from vehicle-treated control and groups that received either drug alone, P<0.01) and significantly lowered tumor number per rat, number of malignant tumors per rat, tumor burden, and tumor number per tumor-bearing animal (P<0.05 or <0.01). In tissue of malignant tumors, the drug combination decreased the number of proliferating cells, microvessel density, and levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor and stimulated apoptosis (difference from all other groups, P<0.01). CONCLUSION It was shown for the first time that H1-antagonist and THA synergistically inhibit DMBA-induced mammary carcinogenesis; this effect was associated with a decrease in tumor angiogenesis. Further study of the anticancer and antiangiogenic activity of the combination may provide a new approach to breast cancer treatment.
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19
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Öztürk VS, Polat YD, Soyder A, Tanyeri A, Karaman CZ, Taşkın F. The Relationship Between MRI Findings and Molecular Subtypes in Women With Breast Cancer. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol 2019; 49:417-421. [PMID: 31351695 DOI: 10.1067/j.cpradiol.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the preoperative MRI findings of patients with breast cancer according to molecular subtypes. MATERIALS AND METHODS MRI findings of women diagnosed with breast cancer in our department between January 2013 and June 2017 who had preoperative breast MRI examinations were evaluated and histopathological findings were recorded retrospectively. The findings were classified according to the BI-RADS MRI classification by three radiologists. Correlations of MRI findings with the molecular subtypes were evaluated using Chi-square and t-tests. RESULTS Among 234 lesions in a total of 224 cases diagnosed with breast cancer, subtypes of breast cancer as following: Luminal (162 cases, 69%), triple negative (39 cases, 17%) and HER2 positive (33 cases, 14%), respectively. Lesions of patients with luminal, triple negative and HER2 positive invasive ductal cancer were round or lobular in shape (9.9%, 42.9%, 20.7%), had high/very high intratumoral T2 signal intensity (24.8%, 54.2%, 31%) and rim enhancement pattern (9.2%, 51.4%, 24.1%), respectively. The difference between the triple negative cases and the other subtypes was statistically significant (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION One of the most important factors that determine the prognosis and treatment in breast cancer is the molecular subtype of the tumor. Morphologic findings of MRI can be a useful tool for differentiating triple negative breast cancer from other subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veli S Öztürk
- Department of Radiology, Adnan Menderes University School of Medicine, Aydın, Turkey.
| | - Yasemin D Polat
- Department of Radiology, Adnan Menderes University School of Medicine, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Aykut Soyder
- Department of General Surgery, Adnan Menderes University School of Medicine, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Tanyeri
- Department of Radiology, Adnan Menderes University School of Medicine, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Can Z Karaman
- Department of Radiology, Adnan Menderes University School of Medicine, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Füsun Taşkın
- Department of Radiology, Adnan Menderes University School of Medicine, Aydın, Turkey
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20
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Ray A, Ray BK. Suppression of vascular endothelial growth factor expression in breast cancer cells by microRNA-125b-mediated attenuation of serum amyloid A activating factor-1 level. Oncoscience 2019; 6:337-348. [PMID: 31360737 PMCID: PMC6650169 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased level of an inflammation-responsive transcription factor called serum amyloid A-activating factor (SAF-1) has been linked to the pathogenesis in human breast cancer. SAF-1 is found to promote vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in breast carcinoma cells and boost angiogenesis. In an effort to develop a cellular mechanism to control VEGF expression, we sought to limit SAF-1 activity in breast cancer cells. We report here several targets within the SAF-1 mRNA for binding of microRNA-125b (miR-125b) and we show that VEGF expression is reduced in breast cancer cells when SAF-1 level is reduced with the microRNA action. Within the 3' un-translated region (UTR) of SAF-1 transcript, we have identified four highly conserved miR-125b responsive elements. We show that these miR-125b binding sites mediate repression of SAF-1 by miR-125b. Ectopic expression of miR-125b in nonmetastatic and metastatic breast cancer cells repressed SAF-1-mediated activity on VEGF promoter function and inhibited cancer cell migration and invasion potentials in vitro. Together, these results suggest that termination of SAF-1 function by miR-125b could be developed as a potential anti-VEGF and anti-angiogenic agent, which has high clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alpana Ray
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Bimal K Ray
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
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21
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Woolf DK, Li SP, Detre S, Liu A, Gogbashian A, Simcock IC, Stirling J, Kosmin M, Cook GJ, Siddique M, Dowsett M, Makris A, Goh V. Assessment of the Spatial Heterogeneity of Breast Cancers: Associations Between Computed Tomography and Immunohistochemistry. BIOMARKERS IN CANCER 2019; 11:1179299X19851513. [PMID: 31210736 PMCID: PMC6552350 DOI: 10.1177/1179299x19851513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumour heterogeneity is considered an important mechanism of treatment failure. Imaging-based assessment of tumour heterogeneity is showing promise but the relationship between these mathematically derived measures and accepted 'gold standards' of tumour biology such as immunohistochemical measures is not established. METHODS A total of 20 women with primary breast cancer underwent a research dynamic contrast-enhanced computed tomography prior to treatment with data being available for 15 of these. Texture analysis was performed of the primary tumours to extract 13 locoregional and global parameters. Immunohistochemical analysis associations were assessed by the Spearman rank correlation. RESULTS Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α was correlated with first-order kurtosis (r = -0.533, P = .041) and higher order neighbourhood grey-tone difference matrix coarseness (r = 0.54, P = .038). Vascular maturity-related smooth muscle actin was correlated with higher order grey-level run-length long-run emphasis (r = -0.52, P = .047), fractal dimension (r = 0.613, P = .015), and lacunarity (r = -0.634, P = .011). Micro-vessel density, reflecting angiogenesis, was also associated with lacunarity (r = 0.547, P = .035). CONCLUSIONS The associations suggest a biological basis for these image-based heterogeneity features and support the use of imaging, already part of standard care, for assessing intratumoural heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- David K Woolf
- Breast Cancer Research Unit, Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood, UK
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Sonia P Li
- Breast Cancer Research Unit, Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood, UK
| | - Simone Detre
- Ralph Lauren Centre for Breast Cancer Research, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - Alison Liu
- Division of Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, UK
| | - Andrew Gogbashian
- Paul Strickland Scanner Centre, Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood, UK
| | - Ian C Simcock
- Paul Strickland Scanner Centre, Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood, UK
| | - James Stirling
- Paul Strickland Scanner Centre, Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood, UK
| | - Michael Kosmin
- Breast Cancer Research Unit, Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood, UK
| | - Gary J Cook
- Division of Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, UK
| | - Muhammad Siddique
- Division of Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, UK
| | - Mitch Dowsett
- Ralph Lauren Centre for Breast Cancer Research, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - Andreas Makris
- Breast Cancer Research Unit, Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood, UK
| | - Vicky Goh
- Division of Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, UK
- Paul Strickland Scanner Centre, Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood, UK
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22
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El Sabaa BM, Meleiss M, Zaki I. VEGF expression and microvascular density in relation to high-risk-HPV infection in cervical carcinoma – An immunohistochemical study. ALEXANDRIA JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajme.2011.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahmoud Meleiss
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Alexandria Faculty of Medicine , Egypt
| | - Inass Zaki
- Department of Pathology, Alexandria Faculty of Medicine , Egypt
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23
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Synthesis, anticancer effect and molecular modeling of new thiazolylpyrazolyl coumarin derivatives targeting VEGFR-2 kinase and inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Bioorg Chem 2019; 85:253-273. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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24
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Glass SB, Gonzalez-Fajardo L, Beringhs AO, Lu X. Redox Potential and ROS-Mediated Nanomedicines for Improving Cancer Therapy. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:747-761. [PMID: 28990403 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The overabundance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants in cancer cells represents a challenge for therapeutic intervention, while also providing an opportunity for the development of new strategies to improve clinical therapeutic outcomes. Recent Advances: Nanotechnology has advanced tremendously in recent decades and now offers many potential opportunities to leverage altered redox status to improve conventional therapies. Highly tunable nanoparticle delivery systems have shown great promise for improving the following: (i) chemotherapy via selective redox-sensitive drug release in tumor cells and limited systemic toxicity; (ii) photodynamic therapy via enhancing photoactivation and/or ROS production; and (iii) radiation therapy via enhancing ROS production. Great progress has also been made regarding novel nanoparticle-mediated therapies to enhance tumor cell death via ROS generation and angiogenic inhibition. CRITICAL ISSUES Current anticancer therapies are limited by systemic side effects and resistance. The inherent heterogeneity and hypoxic status of solid tumors impose significant barriers for even the most rationally designed nanoparticle systems. In addition, few comprehensive biodistribution and toxicity evaluations exist, and clinical efficacy remains to be established. The practicality of many nanoparticle systems is compromised by variable in vivo responses and scale-up difficulties due to complicated chemistry and prohibitive manufacturing costs. FUTURE DIRECTIONS As nanoparticle design continues to advance, improved therapeutic efficacy will likely follow. Actively targeted systems may improve distribution specificity but more positive clinical demonstrations are needed. Further investigation into systemic and intracellular distribution as well as toxicity will improve understanding of how these nanoparticle systems can be applied to improve existing therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sterling B Glass
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | | | | | - Xiuling Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
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Tolnay E, Ghimessy ÁK, Juhász E, Sztancsik Z, Losonczy G, Dombi P, Vennes Z, Helf L, Csada E, Sárosi V. The efficacy and safety of bevacizumab in addition to platinum-based chemotherapy for the first-line treatment of patients with advanced nonsquamous non-small-cell lung cancer: Final results of AVALANCHE, an observational cohort study. Oncol Lett 2018; 17:1750-1760. [PMID: 30675234 PMCID: PMC6341671 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The previous results of former clinical studies confirmed that first-line bevacizumab (BEV) in combination with chemotherapy improves clinical outcomes in patients with advanced non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer. The AVALANCHE study (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT03170284) was undertaken to assess the clinical outcomes of first-line BEV combined with standard platinum-based regimens in the Hungarian clinical practice. This observational study was conducted in 28 Hungarian sites, with patients enrolled between July 2008 and April 2011. Patients with untreated locally advanced, metastatic or recurrent lung adenocarcinoma received BEV (7.5 mg/kg, q3w) with any platinum-doublet for up to 6 cycles, and then non-progressors proceeded to receive BEV until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The primary endpoint was time-to-progression, and secondary endpoints included overall survival (OS), tumour control rate and safety. Patients were also analysed as two cohorts (non-progressors vs. progressors) based on whether or not they received BEV maintenance therapy following completion of first-line chemotherapy plus BEV. The study enrolled 283 patients (median age: 58.2 (18–78) years; males: 50.5%; stage: III/B: 18.4%, IV: 79.9%; adenocarcinoma/other: 95.8/4.2%; ECOG PS 0/1/2/≥3: 30.8/59.7/2.6/1.4%). Centrally located tumours were reported in 21.6%. Cisplatin/carboplatin-based regimens: 53.8/46.2%. A total of 43% of patients received BEV maintenance therapy. The median number of BEV cycles was 6. Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 7.2 months and OS was 15.2 months for the entire cohort. Longer PFS and OS were observed in patients who received BEV maintenance therapy [median OS, 26.2 vs. 10.2 months (P<0.001); median PFS, 9.2 vs. 5.8 months (P<0.001)]. Contrary to the results of previous OCS no significant difference was recorded in the different age groups or gender. Best tumour response: Complete remission/partial remission/stable disease/progressive disease/not reported were: 1.5/29.9/26.9/9.1/32.6% of all patients. In conclusion, clinical outcomes obtained in this real-life population were consistent with pivotal studies. BEV maintenance treatment was associated with a significantly longer PFS and OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edina Tolnay
- 2nd Department of Pulmonology, Pest County Institute of Pulmonology, Törökbálint 2045, Hungary
| | - Áron Kristóf Ghimessy
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest 1122, Hungary
| | - Erzsébet Juhász
- 14th Department of Pulmonology and Internal Medicine, National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest 1121, Hungary
| | | | - György Losonczy
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1125, Hungary
| | - Péter Dombi
- Department of Oncology, Szent Borbála County Hospital, Tatabánya 2800, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Vennes
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Uzsoki Hospital, Budapest 1145, Hungary
| | - László Helf
- Department of Pulmonology, Bonyhád Hospital, Bonyhád 7150, Hungary
| | - Edit Csada
- Department of Pulmonology; Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Deszk 6772, Hungary
| | - Veronika Sárosi
- Department of Pulmonology, University of Pécs, Pécs 7623, Hungary
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Xie T, Zhao Q, Fu C, Bai Q, Zhou X, Li L, Grimm R, Liu L, Gu Y, Peng W. Differentiation of triple-negative breast cancer from other subtypes through whole-tumor histogram analysis on multiparametric MR imaging. Eur Radiol 2018; 29:2535-2544. [PMID: 30402704 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-018-5804-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify triple-negative (TN) breast cancer imaging biomarkers in comparison to other molecular subtypes using multiparametric MR imaging maps and whole-tumor histogram analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective study included 134 patients with invasive ductal carcinoma. Whole-tumor histogram-based texture features were extracted from a quantitative ADC map and DCE semi-quantitative maps (washin and washout). Univariate analysis using the Student's t test or Mann-Whitney U test was performed to identify significant variables for differentiating TN cancer from other subtypes. The ROC curves were generated based on the significant variables identified from the univariate analysis. The AUC, sensitivity, and specificity for subtype differentiation were reported. RESULTS The significant parameters on the univariate analysis achieved an AUC of 0.710 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.562, 0.858) with a sensitivity of 63.6% and a specificity of 73.1% at the best cutoff point for differentiating TN cancers from Luminal A cancers. An AUC of 0.763 (95% CI 0.608, 0.917) with a sensitivity of 86.4% and a specificity of 72.2% was achieved for differentiating TN cancers from human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positive cancers. Also, an AUC of 0.683 (95% CI 0.556, 0.809) with a sensitivity of 54.5% and a specificity of 83.9% was achieved for differentiating TN cancers from non-TN cancers. There was no significant feature on the univariate analysis for TN cancers versus Luminal B cancers. CONCLUSIONS Whole-tumor histogram-based imaging features derived from ADC, along with washin and washout maps, provide a non-invasive analytical approach for discriminating TN cancers from other subtypes. KEY POINTS • Whole-tumor histogram-based features on MR multiparametric maps can help to assess biological characterization of breast cancer. • Histogram-based texture analysis may predict the molecular subtypes of breast cancer. • Combined DWI and DCE evaluation helps to identify triple-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianwen Xie
- Department of Radiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiufeng Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Caixia Fu
- MR Applications Development, Siemens Shenzhen Magnetic Resonance Ltd., Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianming Bai
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihua Li
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Instrumentation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Robert Grimm
- MR Application Predevelopment, Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Radiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajia Gu
- Department of Radiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijun Peng
- Department of Radiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
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The associations between serum vascular endothelial growth factor, tumor necrosis factor and interleukin 4 with the markers of blood-brain barrier breakdown in patients with paraneoplastic neurological syndromes. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2018; 126:149-158. [PMID: 30374596 PMCID: PMC6373237 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-018-1950-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption is a critical step in paraneoplastic neurological syndrome (PNS) development. Several cytokines have been implicated in BBB breakdown. However, the exact step-by-step mechanism in which PNS develops is unknown, and the relationship between a systemic neoplasm and BBB is multilevel. The aim of the present study was to examine serum markers of BBB breakdown (S100B protein, neuron-specific enolase, NSE) and concentrations of proinflammatory (TNF-alpha, VEGF) and anti-inflammatory/immunosuppressive cytokines (IL-4), and to establish their interrelationship in patients with PNS. We analyzed 84 patients seropositive for onconeural antibodies that originated from a cohort of 250 cases with suspected PNS. Onconeural antibodies were estimated with indirect immunofluorescence and confirmed with Western blotting. Serum S-100B was estimated using electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. NSE, VEGF, TNF-alpha and IL-4 were analyzed with ELISA. We found that S-100B protein and NSE serum concentrations were elevated in PNS patients without diagnosed malignancy, and S-100B additionally in patients with peripheral nervous system manifestation of PNS. Serum VEGF levels showed several abnormalities, including a decrease in anti-Hu positive patients and increase in PNS patients with typical manifestation and/or central nervous system involvement. Increase in TNF-alpha was observed in patients with undetermined antibodies. To conclude, the presence of paraneoplastic neurological syndrome in seropositive patients does not affect serum markers of BBB breakdown, with the exception of the group without clinically demonstrated malignancy and patients with peripheral manifestation of PNS. S-100B and NSE might increase during early phase of PNS. VEGF may be involved in typical PNS pathophysiology.
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Vraka I, Panourgias E, Sifakis E, Koureas A, Galanis P, Dellaportas D, Gouliamos A, Antoniou A. Correlation Between Contrast-enhanced Ultrasound Characteristics (Qualitative and Quantitative) and Pathological Prognostic Factors in Breast Cancer. In Vivo 2018; 32:945-954. [PMID: 29936484 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Little is known about the correlation between contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) characteristics and pathological prognostic factors in breast cancer. The aim of this study was to explore the correlation between CEUS characteristics and pathological prognostic factors. PATIENTS AND METHODS A retrospective study with 34 malignant breast lesions was conducted. CEUS characteristics included qualitative characteristics (e.g. lesion's enhancement degree and order, internal lesion homogeneity etc.) and quantitative characteristics (e.g. peak intensity, time to peak etc.). Also, pathological prognostic factors were included (e.g. tumor grade, estrogen receptor status etc.). RESULTS Blurred lesion margins were observed more often in tumors of high histological grade (p=0.01) and in estrogen receptor-negative tumors (p=0.049). Furthermore, perilesional enhancement was associated with positive Ki-67 expression (p=0.049), while heterogeneous internal sentinel lymph node enhancement was associated with malignant infiltration of the node (p=0.002). CONCLUSION CEUS has the potential to provide a prevision of pathological prognostic factors in malignant breast lesions, helping in the better early patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Vraka
- Department of Radiology, Aretaieion Hospital, Department of Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia Panourgias
- Department of Radiology, Aretaieion Hospital, Department of Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Sifakis
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Jonas Bergh Research Group, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Koureas
- Department of Radiology, Aretaieion Hospital, Department of Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Petros Galanis
- Center for Health Services Management and Evaluation, Department of Nursing, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dionysios Dellaportas
- 2nd Department of Surgery, Aretaieion Hospital, Department of Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios Gouliamos
- Department of Radiology, Aretaieion Hospital, Department of Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Aristides Antoniou
- Department of Radiology, Aretaieion Hospital, Department of Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Franke AJ, Skelton IV WP, Woody LE, Bregy A, Shah AH, Vakharia K, Komotar RJ. Role of bevacizumab for treatment-refractory meningiomas: A systematic analysis and literature review. Surg Neurol Int 2018; 9:133. [PMID: 30090665 PMCID: PMC6057170 DOI: 10.4103/sni.sni_264_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Meningiomas are the most prevalent primary tumor of the central nervous system (CNS), and although the majority of these neoplasms are classified as benign, nearly one fourth of the lesions display an aggressive profile characterized by pleomorphic histology, high recurrence rates, and overall resistance to standard treatment. Despite the ubiquitous nature of these tumors, no adjuvant therapeutic regimen has been identified which effectively controls disease recurrence and progression after surgery and radiation, leading to a dismal prognosis in this patient population. The primary focus of this research study is, hence, to assess the recently emerging use of bevacizumab, an anti-angiogenic agent, in the treatment of meningiomas. This systematic literature review analyzes the efficacy and safety of therapeutic bevacizumab for treatment-refractory meningiomas. Methods A systematic PubMed search was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines to identify all relevant reports investigating the anti-angiogenic agent bevacizumab in the treatment of intracranial meningiomas. The reported parameters from pertinent retrospective reviews, prospective studies, and case studies were volumetric reduction, radiographic response, clinical stability, overall survival (OS), and progression free survival (PFS) measured at 6 and 12 months postinitiation of treatment. Complications were cataloged based on the range and severity of the therapy-related toxicities. Results A total of 11 articles, 5 retrospective series, 2 prospective trials, and 4 case reports, reporting on a total of 92 patients, were included in this review. The use of bevacizumab therapy for intracranial meningiomas demonstrated median overall PFS of 16.8 months (range: 6.5-22 months) and PFS-6 of 73% (range: 44%-93%). Conclusions Therapeutic bevacizumab, either alone or with combination chemotherapies, for select patient populations with recurrent or progressive meningiomas, offers a treatment option that confers improved overall progression-free survival. To assess OS parameters, larger randomized controlled trials assessing the use of anti-angiogenic agents for recurrent/progressive meningiomas are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J. Franke
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, USA
| | - William Paul Skelton IV
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, USA
| | | | - Amade Bregy
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Ashish H. Shah
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Kunal Vakharia
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University at Buffalo School of Medicine, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Ricardo J. Komotar
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
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30
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Stomatitis and VEGFR-Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (VR-TKIs): A Review of Current Literature in 4369 Patients. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:5035217. [PMID: 29992147 PMCID: PMC5994328 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5035217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) represent a new class of target-specific antineoplastic agents. These agents show some specific adverse events such as fatigue/asthenia, anorexia/loss of appetite, dysgeusia, diarrhea/abdominal pain, hypothyroidism, hypertension, myelosuppression, and stomatitis. Materials and Methods A systematic search was performed on PubMed online database using a combination of MESH terms and free text words, “sunitinib” OR “sorafenib” OR “axitinib” OR “cabozantinib” OR “pazopanib” OR “regorafenib” OR “nintedanib” OR “vatalanib” combined through the use of Boolean operator AND with the key words “stomatitis” OR “mucositis,” (i) on human subjects, (ii) written in the English language, and (iii) reporting about the incidence of stomatitis or oral mucositis. Results The incidence of stomatitis of any grade was 35.2% for sunitinib, 20.52% for sorafenib, 20.63% for axitinib, and 34.21% for cabozantinib. All the agents showed high rates of low-grade stomatitis (G1-G2), while the onset of severe stomatitis (G3-G4) was very low. Conclusions Analysis of the reports with patients treated with sunitinib, sorafenib, axitinib, and cabozantinib showed a clear prevalence of stomatitis grade 1 or grade 2. These data differ from those of patients treated with conventional chemotherapy in which mucositis is predominantly of grade 3 or grade 4.
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31
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Xu M, Seas A, Kiyani M, Ji KSY, Bell HN. A temporal examination of calcium signaling in cancer- from tumorigenesis, to immune evasion, and metastasis. Cell Biosci 2018; 8:25. [PMID: 29636894 PMCID: PMC5883416 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-018-0223-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although the study of calcium (Ca2+) is classically associated with excitable cells such as myocytes or neurons, the ubiquity of this essential element in all cellular processes has led to interest in other cell types. The importance of Ca2+ to apoptosis, cell signaling, and immune activation is of special import in cancer. Main Here we review the current understanding of Ca2+ in each of these processes vital to the initiation, spread, and drug resistance of malignancies. We describe the involvement of Ca2+, and Ca2+ related proteins in cell cycle checkpoints and Ca2+ dependent apoptosis and discuss their roles in cellular immortalization. The role of Ca2+ in inter-cellular communication is also discussed in relevance to tumor-stromal communication, angiogenesis, and tumor microinvasion. The role that Ca2+ plays in immune surveillance and evasion is also addressed. Finally, we discuss the possibility of targeting Ca2+ singling to address the most pressing topics of cancer treatment: metastatic disease and drug resistance. Conclusion This review discusses the current understanding of Ca2+ in cancer. By addressing Ca2+ facilitated angiogenesis, immune evasion, metastasis, and drug resistance, we anticipate future avenues for development of Ca2+ as a nexus of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- MengMeng Xu
- 1Medical-Scientist Training Program, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710 USA.,2Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Andreas Seas
- 1Medical-Scientist Training Program, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Musa Kiyani
- 3School of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710 USA.,4Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857 Singapore
| | - Keven S Y Ji
- 3School of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Hannah N Bell
- 1Medical-Scientist Training Program, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710 USA
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Imamura T, Saitou T, Kawakami R. In vivo optical imaging of cancer cell function and tumor microenvironment. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:912-918. [PMID: 29465804 PMCID: PMC5891206 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In vivo optical imaging using fluorescence and bioluminescence is superior to other methods in terms of spatiotemporal resolution and specificity, and represents a new technology for comprehensively studying living organisms in a less invasive way. Nowadays, it is an indispensable technology for studying many aspects of cancer biology, including dynamic invasion and metastasis. In observations of fluorescence or bioluminescence signals in a living body, various problems were caused by optical characteristics such as absorption and scattering and, therefore, observation of deep tissue was difficult. Recent developments in techniques for observation of the deep tissues of living animals overcame this difficulty by improving bioluminescent proteins, fluorescent proteins, and fluorescent dyes, as well as detection technologies such as two‐photon excitation microscopy. In the present review, we introduce these technological developments and in vivo application of bioluminescence and fluorescence imaging, and discuss future perspectives on the use of in vivo optical imaging technology in cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Imamura
- Department of Molecular Medicine for Pathogenesis, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan.,Translational Research Center, Ehime University Hospital, Toon, Japan
| | - Takashi Saitou
- Department of Molecular Medicine for Pathogenesis, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan.,Translational Research Center, Ehime University Hospital, Toon, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kawakami
- Department of Molecular Medicine for Pathogenesis, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
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Abstract
Background Angiogenesis is a prerequisite for tumor growth and metastasis. Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) is expressed on endothelial cells as a result of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) stimulation. Purpose To determine if measurement in serum of VEGF or VCAM-1 provides an accurate measure of tumor angiogenesis. Methods VCAM-1 and VEGF were measured in the serum of women with early and advanced breast cancer by ELISA. Levels were compared to levels of VCAM-1 and VEGF in women with normal breasts and levels of the endothelial glycoprotein von Willebrand factor. Levels of VEGF and VCAM-1 in women with early breast cancer were correlated with established clinicopathological prognostic markers and intratumoral microvessel density (IMD). Results In early breast cancer serum VCAM-1 correlated closely with the microvessel density in tumors (r=0.61, p<0.001). Women with lymph node-positive and high-grade tumors had higher levels of serum VCAM-1 than women with lymph node-negative and low-grade tumors. Serum VEGF demonstrated no correlation with established prognostic features or IMD. Levels of VCAM-1 and VEGF were raised in women with advanced breast cancer. Conclusion Serum VCAM-1 is a surrogate marker of angiogenesis in breast cancer and its measurement may help in the assessment of antiangiogenic drugs currently in phase II trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J Byrne
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital of South Manchester, UK
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Shi H, Bi H, Sun X, Dong H, Jiang Y, Mu H, Liu G, Kong W, Gao R, Su J. Antitumor effects of Tubeimoside-1 in NCI-H1299 cells are mediated by microRNA-126-5p-induced inactivation of VEGF-A/VEGFR-2/ERK signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:4327-4336. [PMID: 29363720 PMCID: PMC5802206 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tubeimoside-1 (TBMS1), a triterpenoid saponin isolated from the tuber of Bolbostemma paniculatum (Maxim) Franquet, serves an universal suppressive role in multiple cancer types, including lung cancer. However, the mechanism involved in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells by which TBMS1 elicits its antitumor effects is not yet completely understood. The present study indicated that 10 µmol/l TBMS1 significantly enhanced apoptosis and notably blocked the migration and invasion of NCI-H1299 cells. These effects were reversed following transfection with miR-126-5p inhibitor into TBMS1-treated NCI-H1299 cells. Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) is a target gene for miR-126-5p. Notably, results suggested that the downregulated VEGF-A and VEGFR-2 in TBMS1-treated NCI-H1299 cells were upregulated after inhibiting miR-126-5p, and overexpression of VEGF-A or VEGFR-2 could significantly reduce apoptosis and promote the migration and invasion of TBMS1-treated NCI-H1299 cells. Furthermore, TBMS1 combined with TBHQ (an ERK activator) dramatically suppressed TBMS1-induced apoptosis and stimulated TBMS1-reduced migration and invasion in NCI-H1299 cells, suggesting that TBMS1 inhibits the ERK signaling pathway and represses the growth and metastasis of NCI-H1299 cells. Further study demonstrated that either inhibiting miR-126-5p or overexpressing VEGF-A and VEGFR-2 in TBMS1-treated NCI-H1299 cells elevated the mRNA expression levels and phosphorylation levels of MEK1, as well as ERK. To conclude, TBMS1 increases miR-126-5p expression, whereas overexpressing miR-126-5p inactivates VEGF-A/VEGFR-2/ERK signaling pathway, which ultimately actuates the pro-apoptotic and anti-metastatic effects in NCI-H1299 cells. Therefore, the present findings provide a theoretical foundation for TBMS1 as a potential candidate in NSCLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanbing Shi
- Department of Respiration II, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
| | - Hongxia Bi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
| | - Xingyuan Sun
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
| | - Haiying Dong
- Laboratory Center of Ultrastructural Pathology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
| | - Yunfei Jiang
- Department of Respiration II, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
| | - Haijun Mu
- Department of Respiration II, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
| | - Guohua Liu
- Department of Respiration II, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
| | - Weili Kong
- Department of Respiration II, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
| | - Ruizhi Gao
- Department of Respiration II, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Su
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
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Varongchayakul N, Huttner D, Grinstaff MW, Meller A. Sensing Native Protein Solution Structures Using a Solid-state Nanopore: Unraveling the States of VEGF. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1017. [PMID: 29343861 PMCID: PMC5772516 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19332-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Monitoring individual proteins in solution while simultaneously obtaining tertiary and quaternary structural information is challenging. In this study, translocation of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein through a solid-state nanopore (ssNP) produces distinct ion-current blockade amplitude levels and durations likely corresponding to monomer, dimer, and higher oligomeric states. Upon changing from a non-reducing to a reducing condition, ion-current blockage events from the monomeric state dominate, consistent with the expected reduction of the two inter-chain VEGF disulfide bonds. Cleavage by plasmin and application of either a positive or a negative NP bias results in nanopore signals corresponding either to the VEGF receptor recognition domain or to the heparin binding domain, accordingly. Interestingly, multi-level analysis of VEGF events reveals how individual domains affect their translocation pattern. Our study shows that careful characterization of ssNP results elucidates real-time structural information about the protein, thereby complementing classical techniques for structural analysis of proteins in solution with the added advantage of quantitative single-molecule resolution of native proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitinun Varongchayakul
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, 02215, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Diana Huttner
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Mark W Grinstaff
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, 02215, Massachusetts, USA. .,Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, 02215, Massachusetts, USA. .,School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, 02215, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Amit Meller
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, 02215, Massachusetts, USA. .,Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel.
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Hoar FJ, Lip GYH, Belgore F, Stonelake PS. Circulating Levels of Vegf-A, VEGF-D and soluble VEGF-A Receptor (sFlt-1) in Human Breast Cancer. Int J Biol Markers 2018; 19:229-35. [PMID: 15503825 DOI: 10.1177/172460080401900308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
As circulating levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A) are raised in malignancy, the aim of this study was to investigate whether similar changes occur in two related factors, VEGF-D and the soluble VEGF-A receptor Flt-1 (sFlt-1). Circulating levels of VEGF-A, VEGF-D and sFlt-1 were determined by ELISA in 51 patients with primary breast cancer and matched healthy controls. Results were correlated with clinicopathological data. Whilst there was a difference in VEGF-A levels between patient and control groups (p=0.03), no such difference was observed for sFlt-1 or VEGF-D levels and there was no association between individual factors and the clinicopathological variables examined. However, there was a positive correlation between VEGF-A and sFlt-1 levels in both patient and control groups (p<0.0001). In addition, the ratio of sFlt-1 to VEGF-A was significantly different between patients and controls (p<0.0001) and was also associated with tumour size (p=0.01) within the patient group. During tumour progression there is a change in the relative amounts of sFlt-1 and VEGF-A in the circulation. Measuring the sFlt-1:VEGF-A ratio may have more significance than VEGF-A alone and further studies are needed to determine whether the ratio is of use as a prognostic marker or as a means of monitoring response to anti-angiogenic therapy in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Hoar
- Haemostasis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology Unit, University Department of Medicine, City Hospital, Birmingham--U.K
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Wang L, Yao J, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Xu C, Lee RJ, Yu G, Yu B, Teng L. Delivery of paclitaxel using nanoparticles composed of poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(butylene oxide) (PEO-PBO). Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 161:464-470. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), its role in progression and prognosis of non-small cell lung carcinoma. Cancer Genet 2017; 216-217:67-73. [PMID: 29025597 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Elevated VEGF mRNA (-ΔCT) was significantly associated with adenocarcinoma histology (vs squamous) and advanced NSCLC clinical stages in a univariable analysis; however, this association did not remain significant in the multivariable analysis. Of interest, a Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that NSCLC patients with higher VEGF mRNA (-ΔCT ≥10) had a significantly poorer overall survival and shorter postoperative relapse time in adenocarcinoma and in stage III/IV than those with VEGF mRNA of -ΔCT <10 (P < 0.001). The multivariable analysis confirmed that patients with higher VEGF mRNA levels, as well as with adenocarcinoma and advanced stages, were independent predictors of a poorer survival. However, only the histology of adenocarcinoma remained a significant prognostic factor of a shorter postoperative relapse in the multivariable model. Quantity of VEGF mRNA can be used as a prognosis factor to predict shorter overall survival in patients with NSCLC.
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High-circulating Tie2 Is Associated With Pathologic Complete Response to Chemotherapy and Antiangiogenic Therapy in Breast Cancer. Am J Clin Oncol 2017; 39:248-54. [PMID: 24577164 DOI: 10.1097/coc.0000000000000046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a central mediator of angiogenesis in breast cancer. Research in antiangiogenic cancer treatment has been marked by the development of the monoclonal antibody bevacizumab, which targets VEGF in many solid tumors. As patients do not equally benefit from bevacizumab, it has become necessary to define the profile of patients who will benefit from the drug. MATERIALS AND METHODS We have conducted a prospective phase II study in 39 patients using bevacizumab in breast cancer in the neoadjuvant setting, and found improved pathologic complete response (pCR) when bevacizumab was added to chemotherapy in patients with hormone receptor negative and invasive ductal carcinoma. Blood samples were collected at baseline and serially while patients were on treatment. Circulating angiogenesis-related proteins angiopoietin (ANG)1, ANG2, basic fibroblast growth factor, IL-1a, matrix metalloproteinase 9, platelet derived growth factor - BB, platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule -1, Tie2, VEGF, and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 were measured at baseline and during treatment. This correlative study was conducted to identify specific serum angiogenic factor profiles that might be associated with pCR in the neoadjuvant setting in breast cancer patients receiving bevacizumab and chemotherapy. RESULTS Elevated baseline serum Tie2 and basic fibroblast growth factor were associated with pCR in response to this combination. Changes in serum levels of these proteins were seen during treatment but were not significantly different between the pCR and non-pCR groups. CONCLUSIONS Baseline-circulating Tie2 levels may help distinguish patients who will have pCR from those who will not and may form the basis for future development of antiangiogenic therapy in breast cancer. Larger studies are needed to validate these findings. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00203502.
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Nasir A, Holzer TR, Chen M, Man MZ, Schade AE. Differential expression of VEGFR2 protein in HER2 positive primary human breast cancer: potential relevance to anti-angiogenic therapies. Cancer Cell Int 2017; 17:56. [PMID: 28533703 PMCID: PMC5438568 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-017-0427-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Clinically relevant predictive biomarkers to tailor anti-angiogenic therapies to breast cancer (BRC) patient subpopulations are an unmet need. Methods We analyzed tumor vascular density and VEGFR2 protein expression in various subsets of primary human BRCs (186 females; Mean age: 59 years; range 33–88 years), using a tissue microarray. Discrete VEGFR2+ and CD34+ tumor vessels were manually scored in invasive ductal, lobular, mixed ductal-lobular and colloid (N = 139, 22, 18, 7) BRC cores. Results The observed CD34+ and VEGFR2+ tumor vascular counts in individual cases were heterogeneous. Mean CD34+ and VEGFR2+ tumor vessel counts were 11 and 3.4 per tumor TMA core respectively. Eighty-nine of 186 (48%) cases had >10 CD34+ tumor vessels, while 97/186 (52%) had fewer CD34+ vessels in each TMA core. Of 169 analyzable cores in the VEGFR2 stained TMA, 90 (53%) showed 1–5 VEGFR2+ tumor vessels/TMA core, while 42/169 (25%) cores had no detectable VEGFR2+ tumor vessels. Thirteen of 169 (8%) cases also showed tumor cell (cytoplasmic/membrane) expression of VEGFR2. Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) appeared to be less vascular (Mean VD = 9.8, range 0–34) than other breast cancer subtypes. Overall, VEGFR2+ tumor vessel counts were significantly higher in HER2+ as compared to HR+ (p = 0.04) and TNBC (p = 0.02) tissues. Compared to HER2− cases, HER2+ breast cancers had higher VEGFR2+ tumor vessel counts (p = 0.007). Conclusion Characterization of pathologic angiogenesis in HER2+ breast cancer provides scientific rationale for future investigation of clinical activity of agents targeting the VEGF/VEGFR2 axis in this clinically aggressive breast cancer subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aejaz Nasir
- Diagnostic and Experimental Pathology, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN USA.,Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, DC0424, Indianapolis, IN 46285 USA
| | - Timothy R Holzer
- Diagnostic and Experimental Pathology, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Mia Chen
- Diagnostic and Experimental Pathology, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Michael Z Man
- Oncology Statistics, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Andrew E Schade
- Diagnostic and Experimental Pathology, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN USA
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Antiangiogenics and immunotherapies in cervical cancer: an update and future's view. Med Oncol 2017; 34:115. [PMID: 28477178 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-017-0972-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite availability of primary and secondary prevention measures, cervical cancer (CC) persists as one of the most common cancers among women around the world, and more than 70% of cases are diagnosed at advanced stages. Although significant progress has been made in the treatment of CC, around 15-61% of patients develop a recurrence in lymph nodes or distant sites within the first 2 years of completing treatment and the prognosis for these patients remains poor. During the last decades, in an attempt to improve the outcome in these patients, novel agents as combination therapy that target known dysfunctional molecular pathways have been developed with the most attention to the inhibitors of the angiogenesis process. One therapeutic target is the vascular endothelial growth factor, which has been shown to play a key role in tumor angiogenesis, not only for growth of new tissue but also in tumor proliferation. Bevacizumab is recognized as a potent antiangiogenic agent in ovarian cancer but has also demonstrated encouraging antitumor activity in recurrent CC. Moreover, other antiangiogenic agents were recently under study including: sunitinib, sorafenib, pazopanib, cediranib and nintedanib with interesting preliminary results. Moreover, over the last few years there has been increasing interest in cellular immunotherapy as a strategy to harness the immune system to fight tumors. This article focuses on recent discoveries about antiangiogenic agents and immunotherapies in the treatment of CC highlighting on future's view.
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Dong X, Chu D, Wang Z. Leukocyte-mediated Delivery of Nanotherapeutics in Inflammatory and Tumor Sites. Theranostics 2017; 7:751-763. [PMID: 28255364 PMCID: PMC5327647 DOI: 10.7150/thno.18069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology has become a powerful tool to potentially translate nanomedicine from bench to bedside. Nanotherapeutics are nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with drugs and possess the property of tissue targeting after surfaces of NPs are bio-functionalized. Designing smaller size of nanotherapeutics is presumed to increase tumor targeting based on the EPR (enhanced permeability and retention) effect. Since the immune systems possess a defence mechanism to fight diseases, there is an emerging concept that NPs selectively target immune cells to mediate the active delivery of drugs into sites of disease. In this review, we will focus on a key question of how nanotherapeutics specifically target immune cells and hijack them as a delivery vehicle to transport nanotherapeutics into disease tissues, thus possibly improving current therapies in inflammation, immune disorders and cancers. We will also discuss the challenges and opportunities for this new strategy of leukocyte-mediated delivery of nanotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhenjia Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington, USA 99202
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Single nucleotide polymorphisms, haplotype association and tumour expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene with lung carcinoma. Gene 2017; 608:95-102. [PMID: 28122267 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
VEGF contains several polymorphic sites known to influence its expression. We examined the possible association between+405(-634)C>G,+936C>T,-2578C>A and lung cancer in 199 Kashmiri patients and 401 healthy controls. VEGF+405CG,+936CT+TT and-2578CA genotypes were significantly associated with lung cancer risk compared to VEGF+405CC,+936CC and-2578AA+CC genotypes [OR=0.07 (0.04-0.13), P<0.0001, OR=0.36 (0.25-0.52), P<0.0001 and 0.08 (0.05-0.13), P<0.0001]. Haplotype analysis revealed that CGA and TGA haplotypes of VEGF gene conveys the risk for lung cancer [OR=0.18 (0.10-0.33), P<0.0001 and 0.07 (0.03-0.13), P<0.0001]. VEGF expression revealed non-significant association with the genotypes of the three SNPs. In conclusion, the SNPs examined appear to influence lung cancer susceptibility while as genotypes of the SNPs don't appear to have significant association with VEGF mRNA expression in lung tumours.
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qFlow Cytometry-Based Receptoromic Screening: A High-Throughput Quantification Approach Informing Biomarker Selection and Nanosensor Development. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1570:117-138. [PMID: 28238133 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6840-4_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Nanosensor-based detection of biomarkers can improve medical diagnosis; however, a critical factor in nanosensor development is deciding which biomarker to target, as most diseases present several biomarkers. Biomarker-targeting decisions can be informed via an understanding of biomarker expression. Currently, immunohistochemistry (IHC) is the accepted standard for profiling biomarker expression. While IHC provides a relative mapping of biomarker expression, it does not provide cell-by-cell readouts of biomarker expression or absolute biomarker quantification. Flow cytometry overcomes both these IHC challenges by offering biomarker expression on a cell-by-cell basis, and when combined with calibration standards, providing quantitation of biomarker concentrations: this is known as qFlow cytometry. Here, we outline the key components for applying qFlow cytometry to detect biomarkers within the angiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor receptor family. The key aspects of the qFlow cytometry methodology include: antibody specificity testing, immunofluorescent cell labeling, saturation analysis, fluorescent microsphere calibration, and quantitative analysis of both ensemble and cell-by-cell data. Together, these methods enable high-throughput quantification of biomarker expression.
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Falk RT, Staff AC, Bradwin G, Karumanchi SA, Troisi R. A prospective study of angiogenic markers and postmenopausal breast cancer risk in the prostate, lung, colorectal, and ovarian cancer screening trial. Cancer Causes Control 2016; 27:1009-17. [PMID: 27357932 PMCID: PMC4958123 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-016-0779-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pro-angiogenic factors are positively associated with breast tumor staging and poorer prognosis, but their role in the etiology of breast cancer has not been assessed. METHODS We measured serum levels of the pro-angiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF), and placental growth factor (PlGF) and anti-angiogenic soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) in 352 incident breast cancer cases [mean age at diagnosis 67 (range 55-83)] and 352 non-cases in the prostate, lung, colorectal, and ovarian screening trial (women enrolled 1993-2001, followed through 2005) matched on age and date of enrollment. Cases were followed on average 4.2 years from blood draw to diagnosis, range 3.9-12.8 years; 53 % were estrogen receptor positive/progesterone receptor positive (ER+/PR+), and 13 % were ER-/PR-. Quartile-specific hazard ratios (HR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using weighted Cox proportional hazards regression models adjusted for known breast cancer risk factors. An ordinal variable for the angiogenic markers was used to test for trend in the HR. RESULTS Comparing the highest to lowest quartile, multivariable HR were 0.90 for VEGF (95 % CI 0.33-2.43, p trend = 0.88), 1.38 for sFlt-1 (95 % CI 0.63-3.04, p trend = 0.63), and 0.62 for PlGF (95 % CI 0.19-2.00, p trend = 0.73). Risk patterns were not altered when all angiogenic markers were included in the model simultaneously, or by restricting analyses to invasive breast cancers, to cases diagnosed two or more years after blood collection or to ER+ tumors. CONCLUSIONS There was no evidence of an increased breast cancer risk associated with circulating levels of pro-angiogenic markers VEGF and PlGF or a reduced risk with circulating levels of anti-angiogenic marker sFlt-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roni T. Falk
- />Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20852 USA
| | - Annetine Cathrine Staff
- />Women and Children’s Division, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Gary Bradwin
- />Clinical and Epidemiologic Research Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - S. Ananth Karumanchi
- />Deparments of Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Vascular Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Rebecca Troisi
- />Epidemiology and Biostatistics Program, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20852 USA
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Rahbar R, Brown LF, Folkman J, McGill TJ, Healy GB, Liu G, Vargas SO. Role of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor a in Children with Acquired Airway Stenosis. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2016; 116:430-5. [PMID: 17672245 DOI: 10.1177/000348940711600607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) is important in the angiogenic response for wound healing. This study investigated whether VEGF-A may play a role in the pathogenesis of acquired airway stenosis. Methods: Eight lesions from 5 pediatric patients with subglottic stenosis after airway reconstruction (N = 4) or prolonged intubation (N = 1) and normal laryngeal tissue from 5 autopsy patients were included. Formalin-fixed sections of subglottic tissue from each patient were examined by in situ hybridization for the presence of messenger RNA (mRNA) for VEGF-A, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR-1), and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2). Results: Strong expression of VEGF-A mRNA was noted in hyperplastic squamous epithelium overlying granulation tissue. Strong expression of VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 was noted in the endothelial cells within granulation tissue. No strong labeling of VEGF-A mRNA or its receptors was noted in 2 specimens with mature scar tissue or in the control specimens. Conclusions: The angiogenic growth factor VEGF-A is strongly expressed in hyperplastic epithelium overlying granulation tissue in airway stenosis. Also, VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 mRNAs are strongly expressed in the endothelial cells of granulation tissue. This finding suggests an important role of VEGF-A in the pathogenesis of airway scar formation and stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Rahbar
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Disorders, Children's Hospital Boston, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Luo J, Chen JD, Chen Q, Yue LX, Zhou G, Lan C, Li Y, Wu CH, Lu JQ. Predictive model for contrast-enhanced ultrasound of the breast: Is it feasible in malignant risk assessment of breast imaging reporting and data system 4 lesions? World J Radiol 2016; 8:600-609. [PMID: 27358688 PMCID: PMC4919760 DOI: 10.4329/wjr.v8.i6.600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To build and evaluate predictive models for contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) of the breast to distinguish between benign and malignant lesions.
METHODS: A total of 235 breast imaging reporting and data system (BI-RADS) 4 solid breast lesions were imaged via CEUS before core needle biopsy or surgical resection. CEUS results were analyzed on 10 enhancing patterns to evaluate diagnostic performance of three benign and three malignant CEUS models, with pathological results used as the gold standard. A logistic regression model was developed basing on the CEUS results, and then evaluated with receiver operating curve (ROC).
RESULTS: Except in cases of enhanced homogeneity, the rest of the 9 enhancement appearances were statistically significant (P < 0.05). These 9 enhancement patterns were selected in the final step of the logistic regression analysis, with diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of 84.4% and 82.7%, respectively, and the area under the ROC curve of 0.911. Diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the malignant vs benign CEUS models were 84.38%, 87.77%, 86.38% and 86.46%, 81.29% and 83.40%, respectively.
CONCLUSION: The breast CEUS models can predict risk of malignant breast lesions more accurately, decrease false-positive biopsy, and provide accurate BI-RADS classification.
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Rahbar R, Vargas SO, Folkman J, McGill TJ, Healy GB, Tan X, Brown LF. Role of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor–A in Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2016; 114:289-95. [PMID: 15895784 DOI: 10.1177/000348940511400407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor–A (VEGF-A) is known to play an important role in the angiogenic response essential for tumor growth in a variety of human and experimental tumors. This study was designed to investigate whether VEGF-A may play a role in the pathogenesis of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP). A retrospective study with institutional review board approval was performed at a tertiary care medical center on 12 patients with a history of laryngeal RRP. Their ages at the time of initial diagnosis ranged from 19 to 96 months (mean, 56 months). All patients had involvement of right and left true vocal cords. All patients required multiple endoscopic procedures (range, 4 to 66; mean, 12). Normal pediatric larynx samples from 5 autopsy patients were used as controls. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of laryngeal squamous papillomas from the 12 patients with a diagnosis of RRP and the 5 control patients were examined by in situ hybridization for the presence of messenger RNA (mRNA) for VEGF-A and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2). The biopsy specimens were from the true vocal cord (N = 10) or subglottis (N = 2) in the patients with RRP and consisted of large sections of larynx including the true vocal cord in the control patients (N = 5). Strong expression of VEGF-A mRNA was noted in the squamous epithelium of papillomas of all 12 patients. Strong expression of VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 was noted in the endothelial cells of the underlying vessels in all 12 patients. Neither strong labeling of VEGF-A mRNA nor labeling of its receptors was noted in the control patients. We conclude that the angiogenic growth factor VEGF-A is strongly expressed in the epithelium of squamous papillomas in RRP. Also, VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 mRNAs are strongly expressed by underlying vascular endothelial cells, suggesting an important role in the pathogenesis of RRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Rahbar
- Dept of Otolaryngology and Communication Disorders, Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Wang X, Li K, Sun H, Zhao J, Zhang Z, Zheng L, Li W, Bai R, Zhang G. Tumoral angiogenesis in both adrenal adenomas and nonadenomas: a promising computed tomography biomarker for diagnosis. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:1823-30. [PMID: 27099515 PMCID: PMC4821391 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s93868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the correlation between the typical findings of dynamic contrast-enhanced computed tomography (DCE-CT) and tumoral angiogenesis (microvessel density [MVD] and vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF]) in adenomas and nonadenomas such that the enhancement mechanism of DCE-CT in adrenal masses can be explained more precisely. Forty-two patients with 46 adrenal masses confirmed by surgery and pathology were included in the study; these masses included 23 adenomas, 18 nonadenomas, and 5 hyperplastic nodules. The findings of DCE-CT and angiogenesis in adrenal masses were studied. The features of DCE-CT in adenomas and nonadenomas were evaluated to determine whether the characteristics of DCE-CT in adrenal masses were closely correlated with tumoral angiogenesis. Adrenal adenomas were significantly different from nonadenomas in the time density curve and the mean percentage of enhancement washout at the 7-minute delay time in DCE-CT. The mean MVD and VEGF expression exhibited significant differences between the rapid washout group (types A and C) and the slow washout group (types B, D, and E) and between the relative washout (Washr) ≥34% and the absolute washout (Washa) ≥43% on the 7-minute enhanced CT scans (P=0.000). Adenomas were suggested when adrenal masses presented as types A and C, and/or the Washr ≥34%, and/or the Washa ≥43%, and the opposite was suggested for nonadenomas. These results showed a close correlation between the characteristics of DCE-CT and both MVD and VEGF expression in adrenal masses. There was also a significant difference in MVD and VEGF expression between adenomas and nonadenomas. In conclusion, MVD and VEGF expression are two important pathological factors that play important roles in the characterization of DCE-CT in adrenal masses because they cause different time density curve types, the Washr and the Washa for adrenal adenomas and nonadenomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xifu Wang
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Kangan Li
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoran Sun
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinglong Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuoli Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Linfeng Zheng
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiguo Li
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Renju Bai
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Guixiang Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Saha S, Ghosh M, Dutta SK. Role of metabolic modulator Bet-CA in altering mitochondrial hyperpolarization to suppress cancer associated angiogenesis and metastasis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23552. [PMID: 27003027 PMCID: PMC4802328 DOI: 10.1038/srep23552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Solid tumors characteristically reflect a metabolic switching from glucose oxidation to glycolysis that plays a fundamental role in angiogenesis and metastasis to facilitate aggressive tumor outcomes. Hyperpolarized mitochondrial membrane potential is a manifestation of malignant cells that compromise the intrinsic pathways of apoptosis and confer a suitable niche to promote the cancer associated hallmark traits. We have previously reported that co-drug Bet-CA selectively targets cancer cells by inducing metabolic catastrophe without a manifest in toxicity. Here we report that the same molecule at a relatively lower concentration deregulates the cardinal phenotypes associated with angiogenesis and metastasis. In mice syngeneic 4T1 breast cancer model, Bet-CA exhibited effective abrogation of angiogenesis and concomitantly obliterated lung metastasis consistent with altered mitochondrial bioenergetics. Furthermore, Bet-CA significantly lowered vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels and obviated matrix metalloproteases (MMP-2/9) production directly to the criterion where abrogation of autocrine VEGF/VEGFR2 signalling loop was documented. In vitro studies anticipatedly documented the role of Bet-CA in inhibiting actin remodeling, lamellipodia formation and cell membrane ruffling to constitutively suppress cell motility and invasion. Results comprehensively postulate that Bet-CA, a mitochondria targeting metabolic modulator may serve as an excellent candidate for combating angiogenesis and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchandrima Saha
- Drug Development Diagnostic and Biotechnology Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata-700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Monisankar Ghosh
- Drug Development Diagnostic and Biotechnology Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata-700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Samir Kumar Dutta
- Drug Development Diagnostic and Biotechnology Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata-700032, West Bengal, India
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