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Lin C, Yang H, Zhao W, Wang W. CTSB+ macrophage repress memory immune hub in the liver metastasis site of colorectal cancer patient revealed by multi-omics analysis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 626:8-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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2
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Kalina T, Bakardjieva M, Blom M, Perez-Andres M, Barendregt B, Kanderová V, Bonroy C, Philippé J, Blanco E, Pico-Knijnenburg I, Paping JHMP, Wolska-Kuśnierz B, Pac M, Tkazcyk J, Haerynck F, Akar HH, Formánková R, Freiberger T, Svatoň M, Šedivá A, Arriba-Méndez S, Orfao A, van Dongen JJM, van der Burg M. EuroFlow Standardized Approach to Diagnostic Immunopheneotyping of Severe PID in Newborns and Young Children. Front Immunol 2020; 11:371. [PMID: 32265901 PMCID: PMC7096355 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The EuroFlow PID consortium developed a set of flow cytometry tests for evaluation of patients with suspicion of primary immunodeficiency (PID). In this technical report we evaluate the performance of the SCID-RTE tube that explores the presence of recent thymic emigrants (RTE) together with T-cell activation status and maturation stages and discuss its applicability in the context of the broader EuroFlow PID flow cytometry testing algorithm for diagnostic orientation of PID of the lymphoid system. We have analyzed peripheral blood cells of 26 patients diagnosed between birth and 2 years of age with a genetically defined primary immunodeficiency disorder: 15 severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) patients had disease-causing mutations in RAG1 or RAG2 (n = 4, two of them presented with Omenn syndrome), IL2RG (n = 4, one of them with confirmed maternal engraftment), NHEJ1 (n = 1), CD3E (n = 1), ADA (n = 1), JAK3 (n = 3, two of them with maternal engraftment) and DCLRE1C (n = 1) and 11 other PID patients had diverse molecular defects [ZAP70 (n = 1), WAS (n = 2), PNP (n = 1), FOXP3 (n = 1), del22q11.2 (DiGeorge n = 4), CDC42 (n = 1) and FAS (n = 1)]. In addition, 44 healthy controls in the same age group were analyzed using the SCID-RTE tube in four EuroFlow laboratories using a standardized 8-color approach. RTE were defined as CD62L+CD45RO-HLA-DR-CD31+ and the activation status was assessed by the expression of HLA-DR+. Naïve CD8+ T-lymphocytes and naïve CD4+ T-lymphocytes were defined as CD62L+CD45RO-HLA-DR-. With the SCID-RTE tube, we identified patients with PID by low levels or absence of RTE in comparison to controls as well as low levels of naïve CD4+ and naïve CD8+ lymphocytes. These parameters yielded 100% sensitivity for SCID. All SCID patients had absence of RTE, including the patients with confirmed maternal engraftment or oligoclonally expanded T-cells characteristic for Omenn syndrome. Another dominant finding was the increased numbers of activated CD4+HLA-DR+ and CD8+HLA-DR+ lymphocytes. Therefore, the EuroFlow SCID-RTE tube together with the previously published PIDOT tube form a sensitive and complete cytometric diagnostic test suitable for patients suspected of severe PID (SCID or CID) as well as for children identified via newborn screening programs for SCID with low or absent T-cell receptor excision circles (TRECs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Kalina
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czechia
| | - Marina Bakardjieva
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czechia
| | - Maartje Blom
- Laboratory for Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Martin Perez-Andres
- Department of Medicine-Serv. Cytometry, Cancer Research Center (IBMCC-CSIC/USAL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Barbara Barendregt
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Veronika Kanderová
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czechia
| | - Carolien Bonroy
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Philippé
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elena Blanco
- Department of Medicine-Serv. Cytometry, Cancer Research Center (IBMCC-CSIC/USAL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ingrid Pico-Knijnenburg
- Laboratory for Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands.,Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jitse H M P Paping
- Laboratory for Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Malgorzata Pac
- Department of Immunology, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Tkazcyk
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czechia
| | - Filomeen Haerynck
- PID Research Lab, Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Immunology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Himmet Haluk Akar
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Allergy, Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul Health Sciences University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Renata Formánková
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czechia
| | - Tomáš Freiberger
- Centre for Cardiovascular Surgery and Transplantation, Brno, Czechia.,Medical Faculty, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Michael Svatoň
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czechia
| | - Anna Šedivá
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czechia
| | - Sonia Arriba-Méndez
- Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Alberto Orfao
- Department of Medicine-Serv. Cytometry, Cancer Research Center (IBMCC-CSIC/USAL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jacques J M van Dongen
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion (IHB), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Mirjam van der Burg
- Laboratory for Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands.,Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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3
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Rivers E, Thrasher AJ. Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein: Emerging mechanisms in immunity. Eur J Immunol 2017; 47:1857-1866. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201646715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Cotta-de-Almeida V, Dupré L, Guipouy D, Vasconcelos Z. Signal Integration during T Lymphocyte Activation and Function: Lessons from the Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome. Front Immunol 2015; 6:47. [PMID: 25709608 PMCID: PMC4321635 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, research dedicated to the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying primary immunodeficiencies (PID) has helped to understand the etiology of many of these diseases and to develop novel therapeutic approaches. Beyond these aspects, PID are also studied because they offer invaluable natural genetic tools to dissect the human immune system. In this review, we highlight the research that has focused over the last 20 years on T lymphocytes from Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome (WAS) patients. WAS T lymphocytes are defective for the WAS protein (WASP), a regulator of actin cytoskeleton remodeling. Therefore, study of WAS T lymphocytes has helped to grasp that many steps of T lymphocyte activation and function depend on the crosstalk between membrane receptors and the actin cytoskeleton. These steps include motility, immunological synapse assembly, and signaling, as well as the implementation of helper, regulatory, or cytotoxic effector functions. The recent concept that WASP also works as a regulator of transcription within the nucleus is an illustration of the complexity of signal integration in T lymphocytes. Finally, this review will discuss how further study of WAS may contribute to solve novel challenges of T lymphocyte biology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Loïc Dupré
- UMR 1043, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, INSERM , Toulouse , France ; Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier , Toulouse , France ; UMR 5282, CNRS , Toulouse , France
| | - Delphine Guipouy
- UMR 1043, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, INSERM , Toulouse , France ; Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier , Toulouse , France ; UMR 5282, CNRS , Toulouse , France
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5
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Lee SJ, Kim YH, Hwang SH, Kim YI, Han IS, Vinay DS, Kwon BS. 4-1BB signal stimulates the activation, expansion, and effector functions of γδ T cells in mice and humans. Eur J Immunol 2013; 43:1839-48. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201242842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Revised: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Young H. Kim
- Immune & Cell Therapy Branch; National Cancer Center; Ilsan; Gyeonggi-do; Korea
| | - Sun H. Hwang
- Immune & Cell Therapy Branch; National Cancer Center; Ilsan; Gyeonggi-do; Korea
| | - Yu. I. Kim
- Immune & Cell Therapy Branch; National Cancer Center; Ilsan; Gyeonggi-do; Korea
| | - In S. Han
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Ulsan; Ulsan; Korea
| | - Dass S. Vinay
- Section of Clinical Immunology; Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center; New Orleans; LA; USA
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6
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Impaired cell adhesion, apoptosis, and signaling in WASP gene-disrupted Nalm-6 pre-B cells and recovery of cell adhesion using a transducible form of WASp. Int J Hematol 2012; 95:299-310. [DOI: 10.1007/s12185-012-1013-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Revised: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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7
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Park JY, Shcherbina A, Rosen FS, Prodeus AP, Remold-O'Donnell E. Phenotypic perturbation of B cells in the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. Clin Exp Immunol 2005; 139:297-305. [PMID: 15654828 PMCID: PMC1809280 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2005.02693.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is an X-linked immunodeficiency/platelet disease due to mutations of WASP, a cytoskeletal regulatory protein of blood cells. Patients exhibit a range of immune defects generally attributed to defective T-cell function, including poor response to immunization, skewed immunoglobulin isotypes, eczema, recurrent infections, autoimmune disease and increased frequency of malignancies. Here we show a deficit of total B-cells in WAS patients of various ages and identify phenotypic perturbations involving complement receptors and CD27. Whereas B-cells of normal healthy donors are overwhelmingly CD21/CD35-positive, B-cells expressing these receptors are significantly reduced in number in WAS patients, and their paucity may cause suboptimal antigen capture and presentation. The frequencies of IgD(-) and IgG(+) patient B-cells were not different from healthy donors (although absolute numbers were decreased), indicating that isotype switching is occurring. In contrast, the frequency of cells positive for CD27, the marker of post germinal centre B-cells, was significantly decreased even among isotype-switched cells, and B-cells resembling germinal centre progenitors (CD10(+)CD27(-)CD38(bright)) were more frequent in adult patients, suggesting impaired germinal centre maturation/differentiation. The documentation of these phenotypic perturbations and deficit of total cells suggest that defects intrinsic to B-cells contribute to the impaired humoral immunity that characterizes this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Park
- The CBR Institute for Biomedical Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Park JY, Kob M, Prodeus AP, Rosen FS, Shcherbina A, Remold-O'Donnell E. Early deficit of lymphocytes in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome: possible role of WASP in human lymphocyte maturation. Clin Exp Immunol 2004; 136:104-10. [PMID: 15030520 PMCID: PMC1809006 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2004.02409.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is an X-linked platelet/immunodeficiency disease. The affected gene encodes WASP, a multidomain protein that regulates cytoskeletal assembly in blood cells. Patients have recurring infections, and their lymphocytes exhibit deficient proliferative responses in vitro. We report an evaluation of peripheral blood lymphocytes of 27 WAS patients, aged one month to 55 years. Whereas NK cells were normal, a significant deficit of T and B lymphocytes was observed. The number of lymphocytes was already decreased in infant patients, suggesting deficient output. Both CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes were affected; the decrease was most pronounced for naïve T cells. Naïve CD4 lymphocytes of patients showed normal expression of Bcl-2, and Ki-67, and normal survival in vitro, suggesting that their in vivo survival and proliferation are normal. The collective data suggest that the patients' lymphocyte deficit results from deficient output, likely due to abnormal lymphocyte maturation in the thymus and bone marrow. We propose that WASP plays an important role not only in the function of mature T lymphocytes, but also in the maturation of human T and B lymphocytes and that impaired lymphocyte maturation is central to the aetiology of WAS immunodeficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Park
- The CBR Institute for Biomedical Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02115, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tsukada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Osaka University Medical School, Yamadaoka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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10
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Zhang J, Shehabeldin A, da Cruz LA, Butler J, Somani AK, McGavin M, Kozieradzki I, dos Santos AO, Nagy A, Grinstein S, Penninger JM, Siminovitch KA. Antigen receptor-induced activation and cytoskeletal rearrangement are impaired in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein-deficient lymphocytes. J Exp Med 1999; 190:1329-42. [PMID: 10544204 PMCID: PMC2195687 DOI: 10.1084/jem.190.9.1329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASp) has been implicated in modulation of lymphocyte activation and cytoskeletal reorganization. To address the mechanisms whereby WASp subserves such functions, we have examined WASp roles in lymphocyte development and activation using mice carrying a WAS null allele (WAS(-)(/)(-)). Enumeration of hemopoietic cells in these animals revealed total numbers of thymocytes, peripheral B and T lymphocytes, and platelets to be significantly diminished relative to wild-type mice. In the thymus, this abnormality was associated with impaired progression from the CD44(-)CD25(+) to the CD44(-)CD25(-) stage of differentiation. WASp-deficient thymocytes and T cells also exhibited impaired proliferation and interleukin (IL)-2 production in response to T cell antigen receptor (TCR) stimulation, but proliferated normally in response to phorbol ester/ionomycin. This defect in TCR signaling was associated with a reduction in TCR-evoked upregulation of the early activation marker CD69 and in TCR-triggered apoptosis. While induction of TCR-zeta, ZAP70, and total protein tyrosine phosphorylation as well as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and stress-activated protein/c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (SAPK/JNK) activation appeared normal in TCR-stimulated WAS(-)(/)(-) cells, TCR-evoked increases in intracellular calcium concentration were decreased in WASp-deficient relative to wild-type cells. WAS(-)(/)(-) lymphocytes also manifested a marked reduction in actin polymerization and both antigen receptor capping and endocytosis after TCR stimulation, whereas WAS(-)(/)(-) neutrophils exhibited reduced phagocytic activity. Together, these results provide evidence of roles for WASp in driving lymphocyte development, as well as in the translation of antigen receptor stimulation to proliferative or apoptotic responses, cytokine production, and cytoskeletal rearrangement. The data also reveal a role for WASp in modulating endocytosis and phagocytosis and, accordingly, suggest that the immune deficit conferred by WASp deficiency reflects the disruption of a broad range of cellular behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyi Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5
- Department of Medical Genetics and Microbiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5
| | - Amro Shehabeldin
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5
- Department of Medical Genetics and Microbiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5
| | - Luis A.G. da Cruz
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5
- Department of Medical Genetics and Microbiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5
| | - Jeffrey Butler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5
- Division of Cell Biology, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children
| | - Ally-Khan Somani
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5
- Department of Medical Genetics and Microbiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5
| | - Mary McGavin
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5
- Department of Medical Genetics and Microbiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5
| | - Ivona Kozieradzki
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5
- Amgen Institute, Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C1
| | - Antonio O. dos Santos
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5
- Amgen Institute, Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C1
| | - Andras Nagy
- Department of Medical Genetics and Microbiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5
| | - Sergio Grinstein
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5
- Division of Cell Biology, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children
| | - Josef M. Penninger
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5
- Amgen Institute, Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C1
| | - Katherine A. Siminovitch
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5
- Department of Medical Genetics and Microbiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5
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Abstract
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is an inherited immune deficiency that is marked by eczema, bleeding and recurrent infections. The lymphocytes and platelets of WAS patients display cytoskeletal abnormalities, and their T lymphocytes show a diminished proliferative response to stimulation through the T-cell receptor-CD3 complex (TCR-CD3). The product of the WAS gene, WAS protein (WASP), binds to the small GTPase Cdc42. Small GTPases of the Rho family are crucial for the regulation of the actin-based cytoskeleton. WASP and its relative NWASP might play an important role in regulating the actin cytoskeleton. Since both WASP and NWASP have the potential to bind to multiple proteins, they might serve as a hub to coordinate the redistribution of many cellular signals to the actin cytoskeleton. In this review, the authors discuss the possible role of WASP/NWASP and of the newly described protein WIP, which interacts with WASP and NWASP, in coupling signals from the T-cell receptor to the actin-based cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ramesh
- Dept of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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12
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Kawano Y, Noma T, Yoshizawa I, Maruki K, Yata J. Association of increased numbers of peripheral blood double-negative T-lymphocytes with elevated serum IgG levels in severely handicapped children. Eur J Pediatr 1994; 153:884-90. [PMID: 7859790 DOI: 10.1007/bf01954738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
CD3+4-8- double negative cells in peripheral blood lymphocytes were examined in 21 severely handicapped children divided into two groups according to serum IgG level. All children were bedridden and were taking multiple anticonvulsants and there were no apparent clinical differences between these two groups. Serum levels of IgG correlated well with percentages of CD3+4-8- double negative lymphocytes in patients of both groups. In comparisons between the two groups, the high IgG group had higher counts of CD3+4-8- double negative lymphocytes in peripheral blood than the normal IgG group. Two distinct types of double negative cells were identified in the patients with high IgG: one had T-cell antigen receptors of gamma delta heterodimers, the other had receptors of alpha beta chains on their surface. As double negative T-cells are reported to have an important role in defence against bacterial infections, the increased numbers of CD3+4-8- T-cells of both phenotypes in the high IgG patients may reflect exposure to repetitive bacterial stimuli or persistent subclinical infection which in many cases, may be undetectable clinically. Moreover, the hyperimmune states shown by the high serum IgG of these patients may result from the appearance of these unique lymphocytes because they are reported to have a helper function for IgG synthesis in vitro. Taken together, the increased numbers of double negative cells in patients with high IgG may reflect activated defence mechanisms and the development of hyperimmune status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kawano
- Department of Paediatrics, Saitama Medical School, Japan
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MacLean GD, Reddish MA, Bowen-Yacyshyn MB, Poppema S, Longenecker BM. Active specific immunotherapy against adenocarcinomas. Cancer Invest 1994; 12:46-56. [PMID: 7506634 DOI: 10.3109/07357909409021392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G D MacLean
- Cross Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton Canada
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14
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Abstract
Wiskott Aldrich syndrome, a combined cellular and humoral X-linked immunodeficiency, is generally considered to be rare. The aim of this study was to ascertain the true prevalence in the paediatric population in Western Australia, describe the clinical features, and summarise the current literature on this unusual condition. All cases of Wiskott Aldrich syndrome presenting to Princess Margaret Hospital in Perth during the period from January 1960 to January 1990 were identified by a retrospective review of case records and by interviewing hospital immunology, haematology and general clinical staff. Nine cases of Wiskott Aldrich syndrome are described, demonstrating that the prevalence of Wiskott Aldrich syndrome in Western Australia is nine times that expected from previous reports. Death occurred in a number of patients before the correct diagnosis was recognised. The clinical features in this group are quite variable. Low isohaemagglutinins, elevated IgE, blunted DTH skin multitest, and very low CD8 numbers are however consistent features. Wiskott Aldrich syndrome may be more prevalent than previously recognised, and should be considered in males with thrombocytopenia and infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Somerville
- Department of Immunology, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Australia
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Simon HU, Higgins EA, Demetriou M, Datti A, Siminovitch KA, Dennis JW. Defective expression of CD23 and autocrine growth-stimulation in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed B cells from patients with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS). Clin Exp Immunol 1993; 91:43-9. [PMID: 8380367 PMCID: PMC1554645 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.1993.tb03351.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
WAS is an X-linked, recessive, immune deficiency syndrome, characteristically associated with lymphocyte and platelet dysfunction. Peripheral B lymphocytes from WAS patients are nonresponsive to polysaccharide antigens and show reduced numbers of cells expressing the integral membrane glycoprotein, CD23. The release of CD23 proteolytic fragments, so-called soluble CD23 (sCD23), by B lymphoblasts and EBV-transformed B cell lines has previously been described, and these fragments have been shown to stimulate autocrine growth of these cells. We have found that the surface expression of CD23 is reduced on WAS compared with control EBV-B cells. Surface CD23 levels were reduced two-fold in four WAS cell lines (group I) and nine-fold in four other lines (group II). Group II WAS cell lines also showed reduced growth rates in serum-free medium when compared with group I cell lines and EBV-B cell lines from eight normal subjects. In contrast to the group II WAS lines, group I and EBV-B cells from normal individuals produced an autocrine-growth factor activity which could be absorbed by anti-CD23 antibodies. Immunoprecipitation of sCD23 from culture supernatants confirmed that group I WAS cell lines produced less sCD23, particularly the 37K fragment which was prevalent in control EBV-B cells. Northern analysis showed that CD23 mRNA levels were increased three-fold in group I and unchanged in group II WAS compared with normal EBV-B cell lines, suggesting that decreased surface expression in WAS EBV-B cells reflects post-transcriptional events. Together these results suggest that reduced cell surface expression and aberrant proteolysis of CD23 occurs in WAS patients' B lymphocytes and may contribute to impaired immune function in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- H U Simon
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Simon HU, Mills GB, Hashimoto S, Siminovitch KA. Evidence for defective transmembrane signaling in B cells from patients with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. J Clin Invest 1992; 90:1396-405. [PMID: 1401074 PMCID: PMC443185 DOI: 10.1172/jci116006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
B lymphocytes from patients expressing the X chromosome-linked immune deficiency disorder, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS), fail to produce antibodies in response to stimulation with polysaccharides and other type-2 T cell-independent antigens. To investigate whether this abnormality reflects a defect in the signal transduction cascade normally triggered by ligation of surface immunoglobulin (sIg) on B cells, we have examined early signaling events induced by anti-Ig antibody stimulation of EBV B lymphoblastoid cell lines from WAS patients and healthy controls. Despite the expression of comparable levels of sIg and sIgM on WAS and control EBV B cells, WAS cells failed to manifest the increased proliferation in response to anti-Ig treatment observed in the control cell lines. WAS and control EBV B cells also differed in the magnitude of the change in cytosolic free calcium ([Ca2+]i) induced by sIg ligation; WAS cells showed either markedly diminished or no changes in [Ca2+]i levels whereas control EBV B cells consistently showed increases in [Ca2+]i. Anti-Ig-induced changes in inositol phosphate release were also markedly reduced in WAS compared with control cells. As protein tyrosine phosphorylation is thought to represent a proximal event in the activation of B cells, inducing increases in [Ca2+]i by virtue of tyrosine phosphorylation of phospholipase C (PLC)-gamma, profiles of protein tyrosine phosphorylation and expression of tyrosine-phosphorylated PLC-gamma 1 were compared between WAS and normal EBV B cells before and after sIg cross-linking. These studies revealed that in addition to defective mobilization of Ca2+, the WAS cells manifested little or no increase in tyrosine phosphorylation of PLC-gamma 1 or other intracellular proteins after sIg ligation. Together these results indicate the association of WAS with a defect in the coupling of sIg to signal transduction pathways considered prerequisite for B cell activation, likely at the level of tyrosine phosphorylation. The abnormalities observed in these early transmembrane signaling events in WAS EBV B cells may play a role not only in the nonresponsiveness of WAS patient B cells to certain T independent antigens, but also in the genesis of some of the other cellular deficits exhibited by these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- H U Simon
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- G R Standen
- Department of Haematology, Bristol Royal Infirmary
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18
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Mullersman JE, White G, Tung KS. Differential staining of human alpha beta and gamma delta T cells by the fluorescein conjugate of an anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody. Clin Exp Immunol 1991; 84:324-8. [PMID: 1827372 PMCID: PMC1535401 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.1991.tb08168.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The enumeration of total T cells, an important function of the clinical immunology laboratory, utilizes antibodies to CD3, the macromolecular complex associated with the antigen-specific receptors of T cells. We compared the ability of some commonly employed commercial anti-CD3 reagents to stain human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Surprisingly, the fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) conjugate of Coulter clone T3 (FITC-T3) stained most T cells brightly, but selectively stained gamma delta T cells very dimly or not at all. In contrast, the other anti-CD3 reagents studied (FITC-Leu 4, PE-T3, PE-Leu 4, and indirectly labelled T3 and Leu 4) stained all T cells equivalently. Dual-colour flow cytometric analysis with FITC-T3 and PE-Leu 4 readily demonstrated a FITC-T3-/PE-Leu 4+ population of T cells. This unique population stained dimly or not at all with a combination of anti-CD4 and anti-CD8 monoclonal antibodies and positively with the pan-gamma delta T cell antibody TCR delta 1. Moreover, an excellent correlation was found between the number of FITC-T3-/PE-Leu 4+ cells and the number of TCR delta 1+ cells in 32 normal individuals. Thus, the FITC-T3-/PE-Leu 4+ phenotype accurately marks all gamma delta T cells. In contrast to FITC-T3, both PE-conjugated and unconjugated T3 stained gamma delta T cells brightly. Therefore, T3 binds to an epitope present on all T cells, but fluoresceinylation specifically attenuates this antibody's ability to bind to gamma delta T cells. These findings indicate that the use of FITC-T3 can result in a significant and variable underestimation of peripheral blood T cell number and demonstrate further that the CD3 complexes of human alpha beta and gamma delta T cells are significantly different.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Antibodies, Monoclonal
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- CD3 Complex
- Flow Cytometry
- Fluorescein
- Fluoresceins
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique
- Humans
- Middle Aged
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/analysis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Mullersman
- Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
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Nagasawa M, Morio T, Takagi S, Yata J. Generation and function of gamma delta T cells after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in humans: comparison in absence or presence of HLA-matched or mismatched thymus. ACTA PAEDIATRICA JAPONICA : OVERSEAS EDITION 1991; 33:146-58. [PMID: 1957638 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-200x.1991.tb01535.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We have observed two patients who exhibited an exclusive increase of delta TCS1+ subset of gamma delta T cells in the peripheral blood after bone marrow transplantation (BMT). In one case with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) who received haploidentical BMT from his father, gamma delta T cells appeared only after thymus transplantation. However, his T cell-mediated immunity remained severely defective despite the generation of T cells of donor origin. In the other case with aplastic anemia, delta TCS1- gamma delta T cells began to increase in the peripheral blood later. This indicates that the thymus is necessary for the generation of gamma delta T cells and that the delta TCS1+ subset is dominant in the early stages of their ontogeny. delta TCS1+ T cell lines were established from both patients, and allo-reactivity was investigated. The cell line from the latter case reacted to recipient cells in a mixed lymphocyte reaction, but did not show cytotoxity to the allogeneic cells including recipient cells. The other cell line, from the former case, did not react to either donor or recipient cells. This indicates that an intact thymus is needed for gamma delta T cells to acquire allo-reactivity. Both cell lines showed MHC non-restricted cytotoxity against NK-sensitive target cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nagasawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
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