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Schmidt H, Raj T, O'Neill TJ, Muschaweckh A, Giesert F, Negraschus A, Hoefig KP, Behrens G, Esser L, Baumann C, Feederle R, Plaza-Sirvent C, Geerlof A, Gewies A, Isay SE, Ruland J, Schmitz I, Wurst W, Korn T, Krappmann D, Heissmeyer V. Unrestrained cleavage of Roquin-1 by MALT1 induces spontaneous T cell activation and the development of autoimmunity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2309205120. [PMID: 37988467 PMCID: PMC10691344 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2309205120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Constitutive activation of the MALT1 paracaspase in conventional T cells of Malt1TBM/TBM (TRAF6 Binding Mutant = TBM) mice causes fatal inflammation and autoimmunity, but the involved targets and underlying molecular mechanisms are unknown. We genetically rendered a single MALT1 substrate, the RNA-binding protein (RBP) Roquin-1, insensitive to MALT1 cleavage. These Rc3h1Mins/Mins mice showed normal immune homeostasis. Combining Rc3h1Mins/Mins alleles with those encoding for constitutively active MALT1 (TBM) prevented spontaneous T cell activation and restored viability of Malt1TBM/TBM mice. Mechanistically, we show how antigen/MHC recognition is translated by MALT1 into Roquin cleavage and derepression of Roquin targets. Increasing T cell receptor (TCR) signals inactivated Roquin more effectively, and only high TCR strength enabled derepression of high-affinity targets to promote Th17 differentiation. Induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) revealed increased cleavage of Roquin-1 in disease-associated Th17 compared to Th1 cells in the CNS. T cells from Rc3h1Mins/Mins mice did not efficiently induce the high-affinity Roquin-1 target IκBNS in response to TCR stimulation, showed reduced Th17 differentiation, and Rc3h1Mins/Mins mice were protected from EAE. These data demonstrate how TCR signaling and MALT1 activation utilize graded cleavage of Roquin to differentially regulate target mRNAs that control T cell activation and differentiation as well as the development of autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Schmidt
- Institute for Immunology, Medical Faculty, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried82152, Germany
| | - Timsse Raj
- Institute for Immunology, Medical Faculty, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried82152, Germany
| | - Thomas J. O'Neill
- Research Unit Signaling and Translation, Molecular Targets and Therapeutics Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg85764, Germany
| | - Andreas Muschaweckh
- Institute for Experimental Neuroimmunology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich81675, Germany
| | - Florian Giesert
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg85764, Germany
| | - Arlinda Negraschus
- Institute for Immunology, Medical Faculty, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried82152, Germany
| | - Kai P. Hoefig
- Research Unit Molecular Immune Regulation, Molecular Targets and Therapeutics Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich81337, Germany
| | - Gesine Behrens
- Institute for Immunology, Medical Faculty, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried82152, Germany
| | - Lena Esser
- Institute for Immunology, Medical Faculty, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried82152, Germany
| | - Christina Baumann
- Research Unit Molecular Immune Regulation, Molecular Targets and Therapeutics Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich81337, Germany
| | - Regina Feederle
- Monoclonal Antibody Core Facility, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg85764, Germany
| | - Carlos Plaza-Sirvent
- Department of Molecular Immunology, ZKF2, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum44801, Germany
| | - Arie Geerlof
- Institute of Structural Biology, Molecular Targets and Therapeutics Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg85764, Germany
| | - Andreas Gewies
- Research Unit Signaling and Translation, Molecular Targets and Therapeutics Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg85764, Germany
| | - Sophie E. Isay
- TranslaTUM, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University of Munich, Munich81675, Germany
| | - Jürgen Ruland
- TranslaTUM, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University of Munich, Munich81675, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich81675, Germany
| | - Ingo Schmitz
- Department of Molecular Immunology, ZKF2, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum44801, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wurst
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg85764, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, Munich80804, Germany
- Chair of Developmental Genetics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, Freising85354, Germany
| | - Thomas Korn
- Institute for Experimental Neuroimmunology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich81675, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, Munich81377, Germany
| | - Daniel Krappmann
- Research Unit Signaling and Translation, Molecular Targets and Therapeutics Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg85764, Germany
| | - Vigo Heissmeyer
- Institute for Immunology, Medical Faculty, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried82152, Germany
- Research Unit Molecular Immune Regulation, Molecular Targets and Therapeutics Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich81337, Germany
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Pérez-Pérez D, Santos-Argumedo L, Rodríguez-Alba JC, López-Herrera G. Role of Protein Kinase A Activation in the Immune System with an Emphasis on Lipopolysaccharide-Responsive and Beige-like Anchor Protein in B Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24. [PMID: 36834508 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) is a ubiquitous enzymatic complex that is involved in a broad spectrum of intracellular receptor signaling. The activity of PKA depends on A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) that attach to PKAs close to their substrates to control signaling. Although the relevance of PKA-AKAP signaling in the immune system is evident in T cells, its relevance in B and other immune cells remains relatively unclear. In the last decade, lipopolysaccharide-responsive and beige-like anchor protein (LRBA) has emerged as an AKAP that is ubiquitously expressed in B and T cells, specifically after activation. A deficiency of LRBA leads to immune dysregulation and immunodeficiency. The cellular mechanisms regulated by LRBA have not yet been investigated. Therefore, this review summarizes the functions of PKA in immunity and provides the most recent information regarding LRBA deficiency to deepen our understanding of immune regulation and immunological diseases.
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Gehring T, Erdmann T, Rahm M, Graß C, Flatley A, O'Neill TJ, Woods S, Meininger I, Karayel O, Kutzner K, Grau M, Shinohara H, Lammens K, Feederle R, Hauck SM, Lenz G, Krappmann D. MALT1 Phosphorylation Controls Activation of T Lymphocytes and Survival of ABC-DLBCL Tumor Cells. Cell Rep 2020; 29:873-888.e10. [PMID: 31644910 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The CARMA1/CARD11-BCL10-MALT1 (CBM) complex bridges T and B cell antigen receptor (TCR/BCR) ligation to MALT1 protease activation and canonical nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling. Using unbiased mass spectrometry, we discover multiple serine phosphorylation sites in the MALT1 C terminus after T cell activation. Phospho-specific antibodies reveal that CBM-associated MALT1 is transiently hyper-phosphorylated upon TCR/CD28 co-stimulation. We identify a dual role for CK1α as a kinase that is essential for CBM signalosome assembly as well as MALT1 phosphorylation. Although MALT1 phosphorylation is largely dispensable for protease activity, it fosters canonical NF-κB signaling in Jurkat and murine CD4 T cells. Moreover, constitutive MALT1 phosphorylation promotes survival of activated B cell-type diffuse large B cell lymphoma (ABC-DLBCL) cells addicted to chronic BCR signaling. Thus, MALT1 phosphorylation triggers optimal NF-κB activation in lymphocytes and survival of lymphoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torben Gehring
- Research Unit Cellular Signal Integration, Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tabea Erdmann
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Marco Rahm
- Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Carina Graß
- Research Unit Cellular Signal Integration, Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andrew Flatley
- Monoclonal Antibody Core Facility and Research Group, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH) Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas J O'Neill
- Research Unit Cellular Signal Integration, Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Simone Woods
- Research Unit Cellular Signal Integration, Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Isabel Meininger
- Research Unit Cellular Signal Integration, Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ozge Karayel
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Kutzner
- Research Unit Cellular Signal Integration, Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael Grau
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Hisaaki Shinohara
- Laboratory for Systems Immunology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sanyo-Onoda City University.1-1-1, Daigakudori, Sanyo-onoda City, Yamaguchi 756-0884, Japan
| | - Katja Lammens
- Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 25, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Regina Feederle
- Monoclonal Antibody Core Facility and Research Group, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH) Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stefanie M Hauck
- Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Georg Lenz
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Daniel Krappmann
- Research Unit Cellular Signal Integration, Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
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Ashouri JF, Hsu LY, Yu S, Rychkov D, Chen Y, Cheng DA, Sirota M, Hansen E, Lattanza L, Zikherman J, Weiss A. Reporters of TCR signaling identify arthritogenic T cells in murine and human autoimmune arthritis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:18517-27. [PMID: 31455730 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1904271116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
How arthritis-causing T cells trigger rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is not understood since it is difficult to differentiate T cells activated by inflammation in arthritic joints from those activated through their T cell antigen receptor (TCR) by self-antigens. We developed a model to identify and study antigen-specific T cell responses in arthritis. Nur77—a specific marker of TCR signaling—was used to identify antigen-activated T cells in the SKG arthritis model and in patients with RA. Nur77 could distinguish highly arthritogenic and autoreactive T cells in SKG mice. The enhanced autoreactivity was associated with increased interleukin-6 (IL-6) receptor signaling, likely contributing to their arthritogenicity. These data highlight a functional correlate between Nur77 expression, arthritogenic T cell populations, and heightened IL-6 sensitivity in SKG mice with translatable implications for human RA. How pathogenic cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) T cells in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) develop remains poorly understood. We used Nur77—a marker of T cell antigen receptor (TCR) signaling—to identify antigen-activated CD4 T cells in the SKG mouse model of autoimmune arthritis and in patients with RA. Using a fluorescent reporter of Nur77 expression in SKG mice, we found that higher levels of Nur77-eGFP in SKG CD4 T cells marked their autoreactivity, arthritogenic potential, and ability to more readily differentiate into interleukin-17 (IL-17)–producing cells. The T cells with increased autoreactivity, nonetheless had diminished ex vivo inducible TCR signaling, perhaps reflective of adaptive inhibitory mechanisms induced by chronic autoantigen exposure in vivo. The enhanced autoreactivity was associated with up-regulation of IL-6 cytokine signaling machinery, which might be attributable, in part, to a reduced amount of expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3)—a key negative regulator of IL-6 signaling. As a result, the more autoreactive GFPhi CD4 T cells from SKGNur mice were hyperresponsive to IL-6 receptor signaling. Consistent with findings from SKGNur mice, SOCS3 expression was similarly down-regulated in RA synovium. This suggests that despite impaired TCR signaling, autoreactive T cells exposed to chronic antigen stimulation exhibit heightened sensitivity to IL-6, which contributes to the arthritogenicity in SKG mice, and perhaps in patients with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail A Bishop
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.,Iowa City VA Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Ali A Abdul-Sater
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tania H Watts
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Tsuji S, Okamoto M, Yamada K, Okamoto N, Goitsuka R, Arnold R, Kiefer F, Kitamura D. B cell adaptor containing src homology 2 domain (BASH) links B cell receptor signaling to the activation of hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1. J Exp Med 2001; 194:529-39. [PMID: 11514608 PMCID: PMC2193495 DOI: 10.1084/jem.194.4.529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The B cell adaptor containing src homology 2 domain (BASH; also termed BLNK or SLP-65), is crucial for B cell antigen receptor (BCR)-mediated activation, proliferation, and differentiation of B cells. BCR-mediated tyrosine-phosphorylation of BASH creates binding sites for signaling effectors such as phospholipase Cgamma (PLCgamma)2 and Vav, while the function of its COOH-terminal src homology 2 domain is unknown. We have now identified hematopoietic progenitor kinase (HPK)1, a STE20-related serine/threonine kinase, as a protein that inducibly interacts with the BASH SH2 domain. BCR ligation induced rapid tyrosine-phosphorylation of HPK1 mainly by Syk and Lyn, resulting in its association with BASH and catalytic activation. BCR-mediated activation of HPK1 was impaired in Syk- or BASH-deficient B cells. The functional SH2 domain of BASH and Tyr-379 within HPK1 which we identified as a Syk-phosphorylation site were both necessary for interaction of both proteins and efficient HPK1 activation after BCR stimulation. Furthermore, HPK1 augmented, whereas its kinase-dead mutant inhibited IkappaB kinase beta (IKKbeta) activation by BCR engagement. These results reveal a novel BCR signaling pathway leading to the activation of HPK1 and subsequently IKKbeta, in which BASH recruits tyrosine-phosphorylated HPK1 into the BCR signaling complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiyo Tsuji
- Division of Molecular Biology, Research Institute for Biological Sciences, Science University of Tokyo, Chiba 278-0022, Japan
| | - Mariko Okamoto
- Division of Molecular Biology, Research Institute for Biological Sciences, Science University of Tokyo, Chiba 278-0022, Japan
| | - Koichi Yamada
- Division of Molecular Biology, Research Institute for Biological Sciences, Science University of Tokyo, Chiba 278-0022, Japan
| | - Noriaki Okamoto
- Division of Molecular Biology, Research Institute for Biological Sciences, Science University of Tokyo, Chiba 278-0022, Japan
| | - Ryo Goitsuka
- Division of Molecular Biology, Research Institute for Biological Sciences, Science University of Tokyo, Chiba 278-0022, Japan
- Inheritance and Variation Group, PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Chiba 278-0022, Japan
| | - Rudiger Arnold
- Max-Planck-Institute for Physiological and Clinical Research, W.G. Kerckhoff-Institute, D-61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Friedemann Kiefer
- Max-Planck-Institute for Physiological and Clinical Research, W.G. Kerckhoff-Institute, D-61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Daisuke Kitamura
- Division of Molecular Biology, Research Institute for Biological Sciences, Science University of Tokyo, Chiba 278-0022, Japan
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Abstract
B cell linker protein (BLNK) and Src homology 2 domain-containing leukocyte protein of 76 kD (SLP-76) are adaptor proteins required for B cell receptor (BCR) and T cell receptor function, respectively. Here, we show that expression of SLP-76 cannot reconstitute BCR function in Zap-70(+)BLNK(-) B cells. This could be attributable to inability of SLP-76 to be recruited into glycolipid-enriched microdomains (GEMs) after antigen receptor cross-linking. Supporting this idea, the BCR function was restored when a membrane-associated SLP-76 chimera was enforcedly localized to GEMs. Moreover, we demonstrate that addition of both linker for activation of T cells (LAT) and Grb2-related adaptor downstream of Shc (Gads) to SLP-76 allow SLP-76 to be recruited into GEMs, whereby the BCR function is reconstituted. The Gads function was able to be replaced by overexpression of Grb2. In contrast to SLP-76, BLNK did not require Grb2 families for its recruitment to GEMs. Hence, these data suggest a functional overlap between BLNK and SLP-76, while emphasizing the difference in requirement for additional adaptor molecules in their targeting to GEMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ishiai
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Liver Research, Kansai Medical University, Moriguchi 570-8506, Japan
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Petro JB, Rahman SJ, Ballard DW, Khan WN. Bruton's tyrosine kinase is required for activation of IkappaB kinase and nuclear factor kappaB in response to B cell receptor engagement. J Exp Med 2000; 191:1745-54. [PMID: 10811867 PMCID: PMC2193161 DOI: 10.1084/jem.191.10.1745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the gene encoding Bruton's tyrosine kinase (btk) cause the B cell deficiency diseases X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) in humans and X-linked immunodeficiency (xid) in mice. In vivo and in vitro studies indicate that the BTK protein is essential for B cell survival, cell cycle progression, and proliferation in response to B cell antigen receptor (BCR) stimulation. BCR stimulation leads to the activation of transcription factor nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB, which in turn regulates genes controlling B cell growth. We now demonstrate that a null mutation in btk known to cause the xid phenotype prevents BCR-induced activation of NF-kappaB. This defect can be rescued by reconstitution with wild-type BTK. This mutation also interferes with BCR-directed activation of IkappaB kinase (IKK), which normally targets the NF-kappaB inhibitor IkappaBalpha for degradation. Taken together, these findings indicate that BTK couples IKK and NF-kappaB to the BCR. Interference with this coupling mechanism may contribute to the B cell deficiencies observed in XLA and xid.
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Affiliation(s)
- James B. Petro
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0146
| | - S.M. Jamshedur Rahman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0146
| | - Dean W. Ballard
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0146
| | - Wasif N. Khan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0146
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Zhang J, Shehabeldin A, da Cruz LA, Butler J, Somani AK, McGavin M, Kozieradzki I, dos Santos AO, Nagy A, Grinstein S, Penninger JM, Siminovitch KA. Antigen receptor-induced activation and cytoskeletal rearrangement are impaired in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein-deficient lymphocytes. J Exp Med 1999; 190:1329-42. [PMID: 10544204 PMCID: PMC2195687 DOI: 10.1084/jem.190.9.1329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASp) has been implicated in modulation of lymphocyte activation and cytoskeletal reorganization. To address the mechanisms whereby WASp subserves such functions, we have examined WASp roles in lymphocyte development and activation using mice carrying a WAS null allele (WAS(-)(/)(-)). Enumeration of hemopoietic cells in these animals revealed total numbers of thymocytes, peripheral B and T lymphocytes, and platelets to be significantly diminished relative to wild-type mice. In the thymus, this abnormality was associated with impaired progression from the CD44(-)CD25(+) to the CD44(-)CD25(-) stage of differentiation. WASp-deficient thymocytes and T cells also exhibited impaired proliferation and interleukin (IL)-2 production in response to T cell antigen receptor (TCR) stimulation, but proliferated normally in response to phorbol ester/ionomycin. This defect in TCR signaling was associated with a reduction in TCR-evoked upregulation of the early activation marker CD69 and in TCR-triggered apoptosis. While induction of TCR-zeta, ZAP70, and total protein tyrosine phosphorylation as well as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and stress-activated protein/c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (SAPK/JNK) activation appeared normal in TCR-stimulated WAS(-)(/)(-) cells, TCR-evoked increases in intracellular calcium concentration were decreased in WASp-deficient relative to wild-type cells. WAS(-)(/)(-) lymphocytes also manifested a marked reduction in actin polymerization and both antigen receptor capping and endocytosis after TCR stimulation, whereas WAS(-)(/)(-) neutrophils exhibited reduced phagocytic activity. Together, these results provide evidence of roles for WASp in driving lymphocyte development, as well as in the translation of antigen receptor stimulation to proliferative or apoptotic responses, cytokine production, and cytoskeletal rearrangement. The data also reveal a role for WASp in modulating endocytosis and phagocytosis and, accordingly, suggest that the immune deficit conferred by WASp deficiency reflects the disruption of a broad range of cellular behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyi Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5
- Department of Medical Genetics and Microbiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5
| | - Amro Shehabeldin
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5
- Department of Medical Genetics and Microbiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5
| | - Luis A.G. da Cruz
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5
- Department of Medical Genetics and Microbiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5
| | - Jeffrey Butler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5
- Division of Cell Biology, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children
| | - Ally-Khan Somani
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5
- Department of Medical Genetics and Microbiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5
| | - Mary McGavin
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5
- Department of Medical Genetics and Microbiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5
| | - Ivona Kozieradzki
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5
- Amgen Institute, Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C1
| | - Antonio O. dos Santos
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5
- Amgen Institute, Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C1
| | - Andras Nagy
- Department of Medical Genetics and Microbiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5
| | - Sergio Grinstein
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5
- Division of Cell Biology, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children
| | - Josef M. Penninger
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5
- Amgen Institute, Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C1
| | - Katherine A. Siminovitch
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5
- Department of Medical Genetics and Microbiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5
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