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Gutiérrez-Cepeda L, Crespo F, Blazquez JC, Serres C. Optimization of the Equine-Sperm Freeze Test in Purebred Spanish Horses by Incorporating Colloidal Centrifugation. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13030382. [PMID: 36766271 PMCID: PMC9913238 DOI: 10.3390/ani13030382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The Purebred Spanish Horse, according to our clinical experience, is characterized by having a high number of stallions that do not meet the international commercial recommendations for equine-sperm cryopreservation. This means that artificial insemination with frozen semen from these stallions is less widespread than in other breeds. In this study, we investigated if the incorporation of single-layer colloidal centrifugation prior to cryopreservation in clinical conditions could increase the number of ejaculates of Purebred Spanish stallions suitable for this processing, observing the influence of centrifugation and freezing extender protocol on post-thawed sperm motility. Using colloidal centrifugation, the percentage of ejaculates available to be frozen was increased from 35% (6/17) to 71% (12/17), doubling the number of samples that could have been subjected to cryopreservation. We only found significant differences in linearity (LIN) and lateral head displacement (ALH) after 5 min of incubation at 37 °C between colloidal and simple centrifugation processing techniques. No significant differences were found between the two different colloidal protocols in any of the variables considered. Colloidal centrifugation allowed us to obtain, from worse fresh-quality ejaculates, thawed sperm doses with similar quality to that of good-quality ejaculates. BotuCrio® produced, in general, higher motility parameters and its characteristics than the other extenders analyzed, with significant differences found in comparison to Inra-Freeze® and Lac-Edta in both total (MOT) and progressive motility (PMOT) when using colloidal centrifugation and only in PMOT when applying simple centrifugation. Colloidal centrifugation optimized the efficiency of cryopreservation, as it allowed us to increase the number of ejaculates of Purebred Spanish Horses suitable to be frozen. Including these semen processing techniques in the freeze test could help to optimize equine-sperm cryopreservation protocols, especially when dealing with individuals or breeds for which initially low sperm quality prevents or limits their inclusion in sperm cryopreservation programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luna Gutiérrez-Cepeda
- Animal Medicine and Surgery Department, Veterinary Faculty, UCM, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Francisco Crespo
- Centro Militar de Cría Caballar (CCFAA), C/Arsenio Gutiérrez Palacios s/n, 05005 Ávila, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Blazquez
- Centro Militar de Cría Caballar (CCFAA), C/Arsenio Gutiérrez Palacios s/n, 05005 Ávila, Spain
| | - Consuelo Serres
- Animal Medicine and Surgery Department, Veterinary Faculty, UCM, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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2
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Jorge-Neto PN, Luczinski TC, de Araújo GR, Requena LA, de Jesus RS, Souza LSB, Zanella R, da Costa e Silva EV, de Deco-Souza T, Pizzutto CS. Cryopreservation of jaguar ( Panthera onca) sperm cells using different cryoprotectants and different thawing temperatures. Anim Reprod 2023; 20:e20230009. [PMID: 37034116 PMCID: PMC10075188 DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-ar2023-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The cryopreservation of jaguar semen must be improved to produce high-quality biobanking doses. Until now, the rare studies of semen freezing in the species have only evaluated glycerol, always with a significant reduction in sperm quality in thawed semen. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of three cryoprotectants, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), glycerol (GLY), and methanol (MET), in the cryopreservation of jaguar semen in an LDL-based extender, as well as the effect of thawing temperature on dosage quality. Five mature males with a history of reproduction were used. On the males, an infrared thermal image (IRT) was captured, the spicules and testes were analyzed, and the CASA system was used to evaluate the quality of fresh and thawed sperm. The superficial IRT was 4.6 ± 1.2 °C cooler than the anal sphincter, and the semen measured between 27.3 and 28.7 °C shortly after exiting the urethra. The total motility of fresh sperm was 55.3 ± 22.6%, and progressive motility was 36.3 ± 18%. The total motility of thawed sperm was 5.28 ± 2.51%, 4.49 ± %2.49, and 0.51 ± 0.62% for DMSO, GLY, and MET, respectively. DMSO and GLY performed better than MET, and there was no difference in thawing temperature (37°C 30 s vs. 50°C 12 s). All animals exhibit a considerable level of morphological changes in sperm. Low amounts of total and progressive motility were found in the thawed sperm. Males with a high level of sperm morphological changes were found to be fertile, but the lone male with normospermia was infertile. Thus, we contest the applicability of the commonly used morphological classification for bovines to felid species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Nacib Jorge-Neto
- Instituto Reprocon, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
- Corresponding author:
| | - Thiago Cavalheri Luczinski
- Instituto Reprocon, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
- No Extinction, Corumbá de Goiás, GO, Brasil
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Centro Universitário de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - Gediendson Ribeiro de Araújo
- Instituto Reprocon, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil
- Biotério Central, Faculdade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil
| | | | | | - Larissa Schneider Brandão Souza
- Instituto Reprocon, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil
| | - Ricardo Zanella
- Escola de Ciências Agrárias, Inovação e Negócios, Universidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, RS, Brasil
| | | | - Thyara de Deco-Souza
- Instituto Reprocon, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil
| | - Cristiane Schilbach Pizzutto
- Instituto Reprocon, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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3
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Hernández-Avilés C, Ramírez-Agámez L, Varner DD, Love CC. Effects of egg yolk level, penetrating cryoprotectant, and pre-freeze cooling rate, on the post-thaw quality of stallion sperm. Anim Reprod Sci 2023; 248:107162. [PMID: 36469980 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2022.107162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The current study determined the effect of the egg-yolk (phospholipid source) level (egg yolk [20% EY] vs. skim-milk + egg yolk [SM + 2% EY]), cryoprotectant (glycerol [Gly] vs. glycerol + methylformamide [Gly + MF]), and pre-freeze cooling rate (-0.1 vs. -1 vs. -5 °C/min) on post-thaw stallion sperm quality. In Experiment 1, ejaculates (n = 27) from 9 stallions (3 ejaculates each) with varied sperm quality (High, Average, or Low) were frozen in EY-Gly, SMEY-Gly, EY-Gly + MF, or SMEY-Gly + MF extenders. Sperm in each group were cooled from 22° to 5°C using either -0.1 °C/min or -1 °C/min linear cooling rates prior to freezing. In Experiment 2, ejaculates (n = 24) from 12 stallions (2 ejaculates each) with High or Average sperm quality were frozen in EY-Gly, EY-Gly + MF, or in BotuCrio (BC) extenders. Sperm in each group were cooled from 22° to 5°C using either -1 or -5 °C/min linear cooling rates prior to freezing. In Experiment 1, for stallions with High or Average sperm quality, either cooling rate generally resulted in lower sperm quality for the SMEY-based extenders than for the EY-based extenders (P < 0.05). Stallions with Low sperm quality were unaffected by any experimental treatment (P > 0.05). In Experiment 2, a -5 °C/min cooling rate yielded lower sperm quality in BC than in EY-Gly or EY-Gly + MF groups (P < 0.05); however, a -1 °C/min cooling rate yielded similar sperm quality among these treatments (P > 0.05). In summary, the phospholipid level in the freezing extender and the pre-freeze cooling rate, but not the penetrating cryoprotectant, affected the post-thaw quality of stallion sperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo Hernández-Avilés
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
| | - Luisa Ramírez-Agámez
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Dickson D Varner
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Charles C Love
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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4
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Neila-Montero M, Riesco MF, Montes-Garrido R, Palacin-Martinez C, Chamorro C, de Paz P, Alvarez M, Anel L, Anel-Lopez L. An optimized centrifugation protocol for ram sperm ensuring high sample yield, quality and fertility. Theriogenology 2022; 191:179-191. [PMID: 35998401 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The optimization and implementation of artificial insemination (AI) in sheep is necessary to increase the livestock productivity through enhanced control of reproductive function. Sperm centrifugation is a common procedure in the ejaculate handling in AI and other assisted reproductive technologies (ART), as part of new methods of sperm analysis, selection or preservation. However, our research group previously established that this simple procedure might cause a large sperm loss and induce deleterious effects on the sperm function of the ovine species when high centrifugation forces are employed. To our knowledge, there are no studies on combined effect of extender and different centrifugal forces on ram sperm yield and quality. Furthermore, evidence of in vivo fertility rate using sperm obtained with various centrifugation forces is also lacking in this species. Thus, the objective of this work was to define the ideal conditions for ram semen centrifugation that will achieve the best quantity and quality sample to ensure unaffected fertilization ability of centrifuged ram sperm. The Experiment 1 evaluated the effect of the centrifugation procedure of two extenders (INRA 96 and Tyrode's) and two cooling protocols (Rapid and Slow Refrigeration -35 °C to 15 °C-) on sperm recovery rate and quality (motility and kinetic parameters, viability, apoptosis and mitochondrial activity). INRA 96 combined with Slow Refrigeration and Tyrode's at room temperature registered the highest sperm recovery and quality values (P ≤ 0.05). In Experiment 2, the influence of three centrifugal forces (600, 1200 and 6000×g for 10 min) was assessed immediately after centrifugation on the technical performance and sperm functionality in diluted samples with INRA 96 and Tyrode's at the conditions set out in Experiment 1. The lowest pellet weight (P ≤ 0.05) without harmful effect on sperm physiological status (P > 0.05) was achieved at 1200×g, since 6000×g induced sperm motility damage (P ≤ 0.05) with both extenders. Finally, to ensure the total safety of the centrifugation protocol, Experiment 3 tested in a combined in vitro and in vivo test the effect of these three centrifugal forces on ram sperm quality after dilution (INRA 96) and liquid storage (6-8 h at 15 °C). The damage produced by 6000×g on sperm motility (P ≤ 0.05) was maintained over time, coinciding with a lower fertility (P ≤ 0.05). In conclusion, ram sperm can be centrifuged in INRA 96 extender up to 1200×g for 10 min at 15 °C as secure values with high recovery rates and without detrimental effects on sperm quality and fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Neila-Montero
- Itra-ULE, INDEGSAL, University of León, 24071, León, Spain; Animal Reproduction and Obstetrics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Surgery and Anatomy, University of León, 24071, León, Spain.
| | - Marta F Riesco
- Itra-ULE, INDEGSAL, University of León, 24071, León, Spain; Cellular Biology, Department of Molecular Biology, University of León, 24071, León, Spain.
| | - Rafael Montes-Garrido
- Itra-ULE, INDEGSAL, University of León, 24071, León, Spain; Animal Reproduction and Obstetrics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Surgery and Anatomy, University of León, 24071, León, Spain.
| | - Cristina Palacin-Martinez
- Itra-ULE, INDEGSAL, University of León, 24071, León, Spain; Animal Reproduction and Obstetrics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Surgery and Anatomy, University of León, 24071, León, Spain.
| | - César Chamorro
- Itra-ULE, INDEGSAL, University of León, 24071, León, Spain; Anatomy, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Surgery and Anatomy, University of León, 24071, León, Spain.
| | - Paulino de Paz
- Itra-ULE, INDEGSAL, University of León, 24071, León, Spain; Cellular Biology, Department of Molecular Biology, University of León, 24071, León, Spain.
| | - Mercedes Alvarez
- Itra-ULE, INDEGSAL, University of León, 24071, León, Spain; Animal Reproduction and Obstetrics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Surgery and Anatomy, University of León, 24071, León, Spain.
| | - Luis Anel
- Itra-ULE, INDEGSAL, University of León, 24071, León, Spain; Animal Reproduction and Obstetrics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Surgery and Anatomy, University of León, 24071, León, Spain.
| | - Luis Anel-Lopez
- Itra-ULE, INDEGSAL, University of León, 24071, León, Spain; Anatomy, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Surgery and Anatomy, University of León, 24071, León, Spain.
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5
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Young C, Ravida N, Rochford M, Mazzotti F, Curtis M, Durrant B. Sperm cryopreservation in the Burmese python Python bivittatus as a model for endangered snakes. Reprod Fertil Dev 2021; 34:401-409. [PMID: 34412771 DOI: 10.1071/rd21023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Burmese pythons Python bivittatus captured in the Florida Everglades as part of an invasive species monitoring program served as a model for the development of sperm cryopreservation protocols for endangered snakes. Spermatozoa were collected from the vas deferens and initial motility, plasma membrane integrity and acrosome integrity were recorded before cryopreservation. Spermatozoa were extended in TES and Tris (TEST) yolk buffer with glycerol (GLY) or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) concentrations of 8%, 12% or 16%, or combinations of GLY and DMSO with final concentrations of 4%:4%, 6%:6% or 8%:8%, and frozen at a rate of 0.3°C min-1. Sperm frozen in combinations of GLY and DMSO exhibited greater post-thaw motility and plasma membrane integrity than those frozen in GLY or DMSO alone. All DMSO and GLY:DMSO treatments preserved a greater proportion of intact acrosomes than GLY alone. To determine the best overall cryopreservation protocol for this species, a sperm quality index was calculated, giving equal weight to each of the three measured indicators of cryosurvival. This analysis revealed that Burmese python spermatozoa frozen in 6% GLY:6% DMSO or 4% GLY:4% DMSO exhibited the highest post-thaw viability. This study represents the first comparative, comprehensive attempt to develop a sperm cryopreservation protocol for any snake species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly Young
- San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance, Beckman Center for Conservation Research, 15600 San Pasqual Valley Road, Escondido, CA 92027, USA; and Corresponding author
| | - Nicole Ravida
- San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance, Beckman Center for Conservation Research, 15600 San Pasqual Valley Road, Escondido, CA 92027, USA
| | - Michael Rochford
- Transcon Environmental, Inc., 2455 Bennett Valley Road, Santa Rosa, CA 95404, USA
| | - Frank Mazzotti
- University of Florida, 3205 College Avenue, Davie, FL 33314, USA
| | - Michelle Curtis
- San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance, Beckman Center for Conservation Research, 15600 San Pasqual Valley Road, Escondido, CA 92027, USA
| | - Barbara Durrant
- San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance, Beckman Center for Conservation Research, 15600 San Pasqual Valley Road, Escondido, CA 92027, USA
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Diaz-Jimenez M, Rota A, Dorado J, Consuegra C, Pereira B, Camillo F, Panzani D, Fanelli D, Tesi M, Monaco D, Hidalgo M. First pregnancies in jennies with vitrified donkey semen using a new warming method. Animal 2020; 15:100097. [PMID: 33516021 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2020.100097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sperm vitrification has been recently developed, but fertility trials have not been performed yet in equine species. In this study, a new warming technique for vitrified donkey semen was developed and the uterine inflammatory response and fertility were compared to conventional freezing. In Experiment 1, sperm was vitrified in straws and warmed in 3 ml of extender or in a water bath at: 37 °C/30 s; 43 °C/10 s; and 60 °C/5 s. Sperm motility, plasma and acrosome membranes and DNA integrity were compared between treatments. In Experiment 2, jennies were inseminated twice (500 × 106 sperm) in the uterine body either with vitrified or frozen semen (2 cycles/jenny). Pregnancy rates and the uterine inflammatory response (polymorphonuclear neutrophil concentration; PMN) were evaluated after artificial insemination (AI). No differences between warming in extender/water bath were found and 43 °C/10 s was better than lower temperatures in terms of total (53.8 ± 13.2%) and progressive sperm motility (41.4 ± 11.4%). No differences in PMN concentration (×103 PMN/ml) were found between vitrified (276.8 ± 171.6) or frozen (309.7 ± 250.7) semen after AI. However, PMN decreased faster (P < 0.05) using vitrified semen. Pregnancy rates were greater for vitrified (22%) than frozen semen (10%) but not statistically different. In conclusion, donkey sperm vitrified in straws could be directly warmed in a water bath at 43 °C/10 s, reducing the uterine inflammatory response obtained after AI and promoting positive pregnancy outcomes. These findings confirm the possibility to use vitrified semen as an alternative for AI in jennies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Diaz-Jimenez
- Veterinary Reproduction Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain; Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56121 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Rota
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56121 Pisa, Italy
| | - J Dorado
- Veterinary Reproduction Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain
| | - C Consuegra
- Veterinary Reproduction Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain
| | - B Pereira
- Veterinary Reproduction Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain
| | - F Camillo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56121 Pisa, Italy
| | - D Panzani
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56121 Pisa, Italy
| | - D Fanelli
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56121 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Tesi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56121 Pisa, Italy
| | - D Monaco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - M Hidalgo
- Veterinary Reproduction Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain.
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7
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Gonzalez-Castro RA, Amoroso-Sanches F, Stokes JE, Graham JK, Carnevale EM. Localisation of phospholipase Cζ1 (PLCZ1) and postacrosomal WW-binding protein (WBP2 N-terminal like) on equine spermatozoa and flow cytometry quantification of PLCZ1 and association with cleavage in vitro. Reprod Fertil Dev 2020; 31:1778-1792. [PMID: 31597592 DOI: 10.1071/rd19217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Oocyte activation is initiated when a fertilising spermatozoon delivers sperm-borne oocyte-activating factor(s) into the oocyte cytoplasm. Candidates for oocyte activation include two proteins, phospholipase Cζ1 (PLCZ1) and postacrosomal WW-binding protein (PAWP; also known as WBP2 N-terminal like (WBP2NL)). We localised PLCZ1 and WBP2NL/PAWP in stallion spermatozoa and investigated the PLCZ1 content and sperm parameters as well as cleavage after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). PLCZ1 was identified as 71-kDa protein in the acrosomal and postacrosomal regions, midpiece and principal piece of the tail. Anti-WBP2NL antibody identified two WBP2NL bands (~28 and ~32kDa) in the postacrosomal region, midpiece and principal piece of the tail. PLCZ1 and WBP2NL expression was positively correlated (P=0.04) in sperm heads. Flow cytometry evaluation of PLCZ1 revealed large variations in fluorescence intensity and the percentage of positively labelled spermatozoa among stallions. PLCZ1 expression was significantly higher in viable than non-viable spermatozoa, and DNA fragmentation was negatively correlated with PLCZ1 expression and the percentage of positively labelled spermatozoa (P<0.05). The use of equine sperm populations considered to have high versus low PLCZ1 content resulted in significantly higher cleavage rates after ICSI of bovine and equine oocytes, supporting the importance of PLCZ1 for oocyte activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul A Gonzalez-Castro
- Equine Reproduction Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, 3101 Rampart Rd, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80521, USA
| | - Fabio Amoroso-Sanches
- Equine Reproduction Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, 3101 Rampart Rd, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80521, USA
| | - JoAnne E Stokes
- Equine Reproduction Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, 3101 Rampart Rd, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80521, USA
| | - James K Graham
- Equine Reproduction Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, 3101 Rampart Rd, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80521, USA
| | - Elaine M Carnevale
- Equine Reproduction Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, 3101 Rampart Rd, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80521, USA; and Corresponding author.
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8
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Ferrer MS, Canisso IF, Ellerbrock RE, Podico G, Lister BN, Hurley DJ, Kline K, Palomares RA. Optimization of cryopreservation protocols for cooled-transported stallion semen. Anim Reprod Sci 2020; 221:106581. [PMID: 32891911 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2020.106581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Freezing cooled-transported semen allows veterinarians and breeders to collect and process the semen of stallions on farm, and then ship the semen to a semen freezing center. There, however, is a lack of standardization of shipping and freezing protocols. The objectives were to optimize and simplify protocols to freeze cooled-shipped semen. In Experiment 1, cooled-transported semen was centrifuged at room temperature or 5 °C before freezing. Sperm variables (motility, membrane integrity, acrosome integrity, membrane fluidity) were evaluated before and after freezing. Centrifugation temperature had no effect on post-thaw semen quality. In Experiment 2, cooled-transported semen was centrifuged at room temperature and cryopreserved in three semen freezing extenders. With use of the improved modified French formula, there was less post-thaw total and progressive motility compared with use of Botucrio or the improved lactose-EDTA formula (P<0.0001). Semen cryopreserved in the improved modified French formula also had a lesser percentage of sperm with intact membranes compared with lactose-EDTA, and a greater percentage of sperm with capacitation-like changes compared with Botucrio (P<0.0001). In Experiment 3, semen diluted in each extender was frozen conventionally or placed directly in a -80 °C ultra-freezer. Freezing in the ultra-freezer resulted in a lesser post-thaw sperm motility, but not membrane and acrosome integrity and capacitation-like changes. In conclusion, centrifugation and addition of freezing extender to cooled transported semen can be performed at room temperature or 5 °C. The Botucrio and lactose-EDTA formula are recommended for conventional cryopreservation of cooled-transported stallion semen as compared with the modified French formula.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Ferrer
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
| | - I F Canisso
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - R E Ellerbrock
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - G Podico
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - B N Lister
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - D J Hurley
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - K Kline
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agricultural, Environment and Nutritional Sciences, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - R A Palomares
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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9
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Abstract
Information on donkey sperm bioenergetics, kinetics and oxidative status is scarce even though crucial for development of reproductive technologies and germplasm conservation. For these reasons, it is interesting to monitor sperm kinetics, bioenergetics, and oxidative status during sperm storage at +4°C and with several sperm extenders and concentrations. Donkey semen was collected from three jackasses, three times each. It was diluted with four extenders (Kenney, Equiplus, INRA96 or Hippex), set at three sperm concentrations (30, 50 or 70 × 106 spermatozoa/ml) and evaluated for its functionality after 0, 3, 24, 48 and 72 h storage at +4°C. Sperm kinetics was analyzed by Sperm Computer Analysis; sperm bioenergetics was assessed by mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP); sperm oxidative status was evaluated by lipid peroxidation (LPO), anti-LPO potential and nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) assays. Incubation produced a progressive (P < 0.01) decline in sperm kinetics and MMP, whereas parameters related to oxidative status either increased (LPO, NBT) or decreased (anti-LPO). The anti-LPO potential was the index better related to sperm motility and kinetics. Extenders proved to be differently (P < 0.01) effective in preserving sperm kinetics, MMP, and oxidative status. The concentration of 30 × 106 spermatozoa/ml provided an optimum preservation of sperm functions. Significant correlations emerged between most parameters examined. This study identified reference criteria for storing donkey spermatozoa at +4°C. A low sperm concentration together with a proper extender are crucial requirements for optimum sperm cryopreservation efficiency. Field trials are, however, required to validate these findings, making them operational in practice.
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10
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Neuhauser S, Bollwein H, Siuda M, Handler J. Effects of Different Freezing Protocols on Motility, Viability, Mitochondrial Membrane Potential, Intracellular Calcium Level, and DNA Integrity of Cryopreserved Equine Epididymal Sperm. J Equine Vet Sci 2019; 82:102801. [PMID: 31732114 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2019.102801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of different freezing procedures on sperm motion, viability, the acrosome status, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), intracellular calcium content, and DNA integrity on epididymal stallion sperm. Therefore, the sperm of 10 healthy stallions was harvested by retrograde flushing after testectomy, diluted with a semen extender containing defined milk proteins and a freezing extender containing egg yolk and glycerol and frozen according to 4 different protocols, using a programmable freezer and a floating rack performing a slow (processes 1 and 2) or a fast cooling rate (processes 3 and 4, respectively). Post-thaw total motility and slow sperm values were lower when using process 4 compared with processes 1 and 2 (P < .05) after 1 hour of incubation. Progressive motility was lower in process 4 compared with process 1 immediately after thawing and after 1 hour of incubation (P < .05). The amount of rapid sperm was lower when using process 4 compared with process 1 immediately after thawing (P < .05). After 1 hour of incubation, the amount of rapid sperm was lower when using process 4 compared with processes 1 and 2 (P < .05). Higher values for viable sperm were seen in processes 1 and 2 compared with process 4 (P < .05) after 1 hour of incubation. Immediately after thawing, more viable sperm with high MMP (hMMP) were observed when using process 3 compared with process 2 (P < .05). After 1 hour of incubation, a significantly higher amount of viable hMMP sperm were detected when using processes 1 and 2 compared with process 4 (P < .05). Process 2 yielded a lower percentage of sperm containing low calcium (lCa) than process 3 immediately after thawing (P < .05). After 1 hour of incubation, the lowest amount of lCa sperm was observed using process 4 (P < .05). The subpopulation of viable/hMMP/lCa sperm was higher when using process 3 compared with process 2 immediately after thawing (P < .05). After 1 hour of incubation, the lowest amount of this subpopulation was detected in process 4 (P < .05). The DNA integrity was similar in all groups. In conclusion, a slow cooling rate with a controlled rate freezer resulted in best sperm quality after thawing. Using a floating rack in nitrogen vapor as an alternative to a programmable freezer, equilibration in a cooled environment is advantageous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Neuhauser
- Pferdezentrum Bad Saarow, Equine Reproduction Unit, Freie Universität Berlin, Bad Saarow, Germany
| | - Heiner Bollwein
- Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mathias Siuda
- Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Handler
- Pferdezentrum Bad Saarow, Equine Reproduction Unit, Freie Universität Berlin, Bad Saarow, Germany.
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Gonzalez-Castro RA, Trentin JM, Carnevale EM, Graham JK. Effects of extender, cryoprotectants and thawing protocol on motility of frozen-thawed stallion sperm that were refrozen for intracytoplasmic sperm injection doses. Theriogenology 2019; 136:36-42. [PMID: 31242456 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
We examined the effects of different freezing extenders, cryoprotectant agents (CPA) and initial thawing temperatures for preparing doses of refrozen stallion sperm for intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Single ejaculates, from twelve stallions, were frozen in lactose-EDTA-egg yolk extender (LE) with 5% glycerol. In experiment 1, sperm were initially thawed to 5 °C or 37 °C, before being diluted in LE or skim milk-egg yolk extender (SMEY) containing either 5% glycerol (GLY), 5% methylformamide (MF) or 5% of a combination of both (GMF). In experiment 2, frozen sperm were initially thawed to 5 °C, diluted and refrozen in SMEY containing 2, 4, 6 or 8% GLY or GMF. In Experiment 1, sperm motility was reduced after each cryopreservation cycle (P < 0.05). Extender type did not affect motility after refreezing (P > 0.05), but sperm initially thawed to 5 °C exhibited higher motility than sperm thawed to 37 °C (P < 0.05). In addition, sperm refrozen in SMEY containing MF or GMF exhibited higher motility than sperm refrozen in GLY alone (P < 0.05). In experiment 2, there was an interaction between CPA and CPA concentration (P < 0.05). Sperm refrozen with GMF had higher motility than refrozen sperm with GLY (P < 0.05), and while GLY concentration did not affect post-thaw motility (P > 0.05). Sperm refrozen with 6 or 8% GMF exhibited the highest motility (P < 0.05). In conclusion, sperm motility is best maintained when thawing and refreezing stallion sperm in low sperm concentration ICSI doses by initially thawing the sperm to 5 °C and diluting the sperm in a freezing extender with 8% GMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul A Gonzalez-Castro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Equine Reproduction Laboratory, 3101 Rampart Road, Fort Collins, CO, 80521, USA
| | - Janislene M Trentin
- Graduate Program in Animal Medicine (Equine), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Elaine M Carnevale
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Equine Reproduction Laboratory, 3101 Rampart Road, Fort Collins, CO, 80521, USA.
| | - James K Graham
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Equine Reproduction Laboratory, 3101 Rampart Road, Fort Collins, CO, 80521, USA
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12
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A preliminary study on the use of jenny colostrum to improve quality in extenders for freezing donkey semen. Cryobiology 2019; 87:110-114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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13
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Hernández-Avilés C, Gómez-Romero M, Buitrago-Horta R, Lozano-Márquez H, Jiménez-Escobar C, Zambrano-Varón J. Evaluation of Post-Thaw Sperm Function and Integrity Parameters Under Different Freezing Regimens in Colombian Paso Fino Stallions. J Equine Vet Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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14
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Ferrante A, Baca Castex C, Bruno S, Arraztoa C, Plaza J, Neild D, Miragaya M. Comparison of Whole and Centrifuged Egg Yolk Added to Kenney's and Lactose-EDTA Extenders for Donkey Semen Cryopreservation. J Equine Vet Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2018.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Arangasamy A, Krishnaiah MV, Manohar N, Selvaraju S, Rani GP, Soren NM, Reddy IJ, Ravindra JP. Cryoprotective role of organic Zn and Cu supplementation in goats (Capra hircus) diet. Cryobiology 2018; 81:117-124. [PMID: 29427573 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The current study focused on cryopreservation and assessment of characters of post-thaw semen of indigenous Osmanabadi bucks maintained with standard diet, supplemented with different concentrations of organic zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) or in combination, for a period of 180 days. The different doses of organic Zn and Cu were fed per kg DM basis, Zn groups (low: Zn20, medium: Zn40 and high: Zn60), Cu groups: (low: Cu12.5, medium: Cu25 and high: Cu37.5) and combination of Zn + Cu groups (low: Zn20 + Cu12.5, medium: Zn40 + Cu25 and high: Zn60 + Cu37.5) respectively. The control group bucks were maintained mainly on the basal diet without any additional mineral supplementation. Two hundred and forty (240) semen samples were collected from 40 bucks aged 11 months, through electro ejaculator method, processed and analysed for sperm quality parameters both at pre freeze and post-thaw stage. The semen samples were diluted in Tris egg yolk extender, cooled and equilibrated for 4 h at 5 °C, cryopreserved using programmable freezer (PLANER Kryo 360-1.7) and stored at -196 °C. The organic trace minerals (Zn, Cu and Zn + Cu) protected the spermatozoa against the cryoinjury and maintained higher post-thaw semen parameters except in high Zn group. Additional feeding of organic Cu and Zn to bucks had a protective role and resulted in higher sperm liveability, plasma membrane and acrosome integrities, motility and velocity and reduced oxidative stress in supplemented goats (P < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunachalam Arangasamy
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560030, India.
| | - Mayasula Venkata Krishnaiah
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560030, India
| | - Narasimhaiah Manohar
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560030, India
| | - Sellappan Selvaraju
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560030, India
| | - Guvvala Pushpa Rani
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560030, India
| | - Nira Manik Soren
- Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560030, India
| | - Ippala Janardhan Reddy
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560030, India
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16
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Effects of glycerol concentration on the motility of equine spermatozoa after thawing. ACTA VET BRNO 2017. [DOI: 10.2754/avb201786030263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different glycerol concentrations on stallion sperm motility after thawing. For statistical analysis 228 ejaculates were used. The semen was filtrated to remove gel fraction; macroscopic and microscopic evaluation was done. After evaluation the ejaculates were centrifuged, the supernatant was removed and the spermatozoa were re-suspended in French diluent with different concentrations of glycerol (2.0; 2.5; 4.0 and 6.0%). The choice of concentration of glycerol for a particular ejaculate was completely random. The spermatozoa were packed into 0.5 ml straws and placed for 2 h in a fridge (4 °C). Then the straws were placed in liquid nitrogen vapor (-80 to -100 °C) and after 10 min plunged into liquid nitrogen and stored at -196 °C for at least 48 h. The selected straws were individually thawed in a 38 °C water bath for 30 s prior to post-freezing analysis. Two progressive motilities using phase contrast microscopy (magnification × 400) were recorded: motility II immediately after thawing and motility III after 2 h incubation in a 38 °C water bath. The Spearmen/Kendall rang correlation test was selected to prove whether there is a correlation between the selected indices (glycerol concentration and motility II and motility III). Nonparametric multiple group analysis (Steel-Dwass test) was applied for finding the differences between groups. The Spearman/Kendall rang correlation proved a relationship between motility II and glycerol concentration. It can be stated that in this study the best glycerol concentration for freezing equine spermatozoa is with a concentration of 4.0% glycerol.
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Arnold DM, Gray C, Roth TL, Mitchell S, Graham LH. A simple, field-friendly technique for cryopreserving semen from Asian elephants (Elephas maximus). Anim Reprod Sci 2017; 182:84-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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El-Badry DA, Abo El-Maaty AM, El Sisy GA. The Effect of Trehalose Supplementation of INRA-82 Extender on Quality and Fertility of Cooled and Frozen-Thawed Stallion Spermatozoa. J Equine Vet Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2016.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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19
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Arraztoa CC, Miragaya MH, Chaves MG, Trasorras VL, Gambarotta MC, Neild DM. Porcine sperm vitrification II: Spheres method. Andrologia 2016; 49. [DOI: 10.1111/and.12738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C. C. Arraztoa
- Cátedra de Teriogenología; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
- Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal (INITRA); Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - M. H. Miragaya
- Cátedra de Teriogenología; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
- Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal (INITRA); Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - M. G. Chaves
- Cátedra de Teriogenología; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
- Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal (INITRA); Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - V. L. Trasorras
- Cátedra de Teriogenología; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
- Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal (INITRA); Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - M. C. Gambarotta
- Cátedra de Estadística; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - D. M. Neild
- Cátedra de Teriogenología; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
- Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal (INITRA); Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
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20
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Seminal plasma hormonal profile of Arabian stallions that are classified ‘good’ or ‘poor’ for semen freezing. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTION 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjr.2016.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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21
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Talluri TR, Arangasamy A, Singh J, Ravi S, Pal Y, Legha R, Alpha Raj M, Chopra A, Singh R, Tripathi B. Factors affecting length of gestation in artificially inseminated Marwari mares of India. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTION 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjr.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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22
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Layek SS, Mohanty TK, Kumaresan A, Parks JE. Cryopreservation of bull semen: Evolution from egg yolk based to soybean based extenders. Anim Reprod Sci 2016; 172:1-9. [PMID: 27509873 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2016.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Since the inception of bovine semen cryopreservation, egg yolk and milk based extenders have been used to protect sperm from the detrimental effects of cooling and freezing. In recent years, demand for alternatives to conventional commercial extenders has arisen as the risk of introducing exotic diseases through transporting egg yolk based products has been recognized. Egg yolk can also interfere with sperm evaluation and the presence of particulate material in the extender may reduce fertility. Soybeans contain lecithin, a phospholipid fraction that can substitute for high molecular weight lipoprotein and phospholipids from egg yolk and prevent or ameliorate damage to the sperm plasma membrane that occurs during extension, cooling, and cryopreservation. Soy lecithin based extenders have been evaluated for processing and freezing bovine semen, although extender from soybean milk has not been studied as extensively. Commercially available soy lecithin based extenders are used increasingly but remain under scrutiny and are not universally accepted. With these observations in mind, this review is intended to examine effects of conventional cryopreservation procedures, methods of assessment, and potential for developing soybean extract as an acceptable alternative to traditional egg yolk and milk based extenders for bull sperm cryopreservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Layek
- Livestock Research Centre, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132 001 Haryana, India
| | - T K Mohanty
- Livestock Research Centre, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132 001 Haryana, India
| | - A Kumaresan
- Livestock Research Centre, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132 001 Haryana, India
| | - J E Parks
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA.
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Development of a sperm cryopreservation protocol for the Argentine black and white tegu (Tupinambis merianae). Theriogenology 2016; 87:55-63. [PMID: 27639519 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Of the 934 lizard species evaluated by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), at least one-third is threatened with extinction. However, there are no reports of semen cryopreservation efforts for lizards. Invasive Argentine black and white tegus were captured in the Florida Everglades, and sperm was collected postmortem. Initial motility score (IMS; % motile × speed of progression2 × 100), plasma membrane integrity (IPL), and acrosome integrity (IAC) were recorded. Sperm was diluted in TEST-yolk buffer with a final glycerol or dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO)concentration of 8%, 12%, or 16%, and frozen at 0.3 °C, 1.0 °C, or 6.3 °C/min. At thaw, all variables were expressed as the percentage of initial (%IMS, %IPL, and %IAC). The 0.3 °C freeze rate was more successful than 1.0 °C and 6.3 °C/min in preserving %IMS and %IPL. DMSO preserved %IMS, %IPL, and %IAC better than glycerol. To determine the best overall cryopreservation protocol, a sperm quality index was calculated, giving equal weight to each of the three indicators of cryosurvival. Because there were significant interactions between freeze rate and cryoprotectant concentration, each treatment was compared with all others. The sperm quality index analysis revealed that tegu sperm frozen at 0.3 °C/min with 12% DMSO exhibited the highest postthaw viability compared with all other treatments.
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24
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Natural honey as a cryoprotectant to improve Arab stallion post-thawing sperm parameters. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTION 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjr.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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25
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Leão Freitas M, Silva Bouéres C, Gonçalves de Oliveira FJ, de Oliveira Viu MA, Arruda de Oliveira R. Comparison of two different centrifugation extenders for preservation of frozen equine semen. EQUINE VET EDUC 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.12357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Leão Freitas
- Animal Reproduction, College of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine; University of Brasilia (UnB); Brasilia Brazil
- Central Institute of Sciences, South Wing; Darcy Ribeiro University Campus; Brasília Brazil
| | - C. Silva Bouéres
- Animal Reproduction, College of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine; University of Brasilia (UnB); Brasilia Brazil
- Central Institute of Sciences, South Wing; Darcy Ribeiro University Campus; Brasília Brazil
| | - F. J. Gonçalves de Oliveira
- Animal Reproduction, College of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine; University of Brasilia (UnB); Brasilia Brazil
- Central Institute of Sciences, South Wing; Darcy Ribeiro University Campus; Brasília Brazil
| | - M. A. de Oliveira Viu
- Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia; Universidade Federal de Goiás; Jataí Goiás Brazil
| | - R. Arruda de Oliveira
- Animal Reproduction, College of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine; University of Brasilia (UnB); Brasilia Brazil
- Central Institute of Sciences, South Wing; Darcy Ribeiro University Campus; Brasília Brazil
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Moraes E, Matos W, Graham J, Ferrari W. Cholestanol-loaded-cyclodextrin improves the quality of stallion spermatozoa after cryopreservation. Anim Reprod Sci 2015; 158:19-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Aitken JB, Naumovski N, Curry B, Grupen CG, Gibb Z, Aitken RJ. Characterization of an L-Amino Acid Oxidase in Equine Spermatozoa1. Biol Reprod 2015; 92:125. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.114.126052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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28
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Córdova A, Strobel P, Vallejo A, Valenzuela P, Ulloa O, Burgos RA, Menarim B, Rodríguez-Gil JE, Ratto M, Ramírez-Reveco A. Use of hypometabolic TRIS extenders and high cooling rate refrigeration for cryopreservation of stallion sperm: presence and sensitivity of 5' AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Cryobiology 2014; 69:473-81. [PMID: 25445464 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2014.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of the use of hypometabolic TRIS extenders in the presence or the absence of AMPK activators as well as the utilization of high cooling rates in the refrigeration step on the freezability of stallion sperm. Twelve ejaculates were cryopreserved using Botucrio® as a control extender and a basic TRIS extender (HM-0) separately supplemented with 10 mM metformin, 2mM 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR), 2 mM Adenosine monophosphate (AMP), 40 μM compound C AMPK inhibitor or 2 mM AMP+40 μM compound C. Our results showed that the utilization of a hypometabolic TRIS extender supplemented or not with AMP or metformin significantly improves stallion sperm freezability when compared with a commercial extender. Additionally, high cooling rates do not affect stallion sperm quality after cooling and post-thawing. Finally, stallion spermatozoa present several putative AMPK sperm isoforms that do not seem to respond to classical activators, but do respond to the Compound C inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Córdova
- Instituto de Ciencia Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Chile
| | - Pablo Strobel
- Instituto de Ciencia Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Chile
| | - Andrés Vallejo
- Instituto de Ciencia Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Chile
| | - Pamela Valenzuela
- Instituto de Ciencia Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Chile
| | - Omar Ulloa
- Haras Militar Pupunahue, DGFER-Ejército de Chile, Chile
| | - Rafael A Burgos
- Instituto de Farmacología y Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Chile
| | - Bruno Menarim
- Instituto de Ciencias Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Chile
| | | | - Marcelo Ratto
- Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, West Indies
| | - Alfredo Ramírez-Reveco
- Instituto de Ciencia Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Chile.
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Álvarez C, Gil L, González N, Olaciregui M, Luño V. Equine sperm post-thaw evaluation after the addition of different cryoprotectants added to INRA 96® extender. Cryobiology 2014; 69:144-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2014.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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30
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Comparison of the Effects of Four Freezing Methods on Motility Characteristics, Morphology, and Viability of Postthaw Stallion Epididymal Sperm. J Equine Vet Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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31
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Olaciregui M, Gil L, Montón A, Luño V, Jerez RA, Martí JI. Cryopreservation of epididymal stallion sperm. Cryobiology 2014; 68:91-5. [PMID: 24412395 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2013.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Revised: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Any event that makes semen collection or mating impossible, such as death, castration, or injury, may terminate a stallion's breeding career. Fortunately, stallion sperm which are capable of fertilization can be harvested from the epididymis, and frozen for future use. However, the fertility of frozen-thawed epididymal sperm has been found to be lower than that of ejaculated sperm. Therefore, this study aimed to optimize the fertility of frozen epididymal stallion sperm by investigating the effects of different cryoprotectants and freezing protocols on sperm quality. Dimethylformamide was tested alone or combination with pasteurized egg yolk as substitute of fresh egg yolk. In addition, the effect of the pre-freeze stabilization on sperm quality was analyzed. Heterospermic samples obtained from stallion epididymis were collected and cryopreserved in lactose-egg-yolk extender or in the same extender with varying content of cryoprotectant and content of egg yolk, stabilized and no-stabilized. Sperm motility, viability, hypoosmotic swelling test (HOST) and acrosome integrity were evaluated post-thawing. No improvement was observed on the replacement of fresh yolk by pasteurized egg yolk, whereas the results suggest that dimethylformamide is a cryoprotectant suitable for cryopreservation of equine epididymal semen, even better than glycerol. In addition, we found that the stabilization before freezing on epididymal stallion sperm, can improve sperm quality parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Olaciregui
- Department of Animal Pathology, Obstetric and Reproduction Area, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - L Gil
- Department of Animal Pathology, Obstetric and Reproduction Area, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain
| | - A Montón
- Department of Animal Pathology, Obstetric and Reproduction Area, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain
| | - V Luño
- Department of Animal Pathology, Obstetric and Reproduction Area, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain
| | - R A Jerez
- Department of Animal Pathology, Obstetric and Reproduction Area, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain
| | - J I Martí
- Department of Animal Pathology, Obstetric and Reproduction Area, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain
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Gil L, Galindo-Cardiel I, Malo C, González N, Álvarez C. Effect of Cholesterol and Equex-STM Addition to an Egg Yolk Extender on Pure Spanish Stallion Cryopreserved Sperm. ISRN VETERINARY SCIENCE 2013; 2013:280143. [PMID: 24416597 PMCID: PMC3874953 DOI: 10.1155/2013/280143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol and Equex-STM are frequently added to different commercial and experimental extenders improving postthawing sperm quality. Doses of 125-150 mM of cholesterol from pig liver and 0.5-0.7% of Equex-STM were evaluated in a standard eggyolk extender (Martin et al., 1979). Six ejaculates per stallion from six pure Spanish stallions (6-8 years old) were collected in Martin's extender (B) and different mixtures of 125 mM-0.5% (I), 125 mM-0.7% (II), 150 mM-0.5% (III), and 150 mM-0.7% (IV) were added to original Martin's extender. Samples were frozen in 0.5 mL straws (100 × 10(6) spermatozoa) and thawed (21 s., 37°C water bath). After thawing the following parameters were evaluated: viability (V), motility (computer assisted sperm analysis, CASA; % nonprogressive NP; % progressive MP), hipoosmotic swelling test (HOST), acrosome integrity (A), fluorescence test (FL), and resistance test (RT). Sperm quality was significantly affected by stallion (in the parameters V, VI, NP, MP, HOST, A, FL, and RT), extraction (VI, NP, MP, HOST, A, and FL), and the different combinations of Equex-STM-cholesterol (FL). We concluded that 0.5% of Equex-STM mixed with 125 mM of cholesterol has obtained better sperm quality results than those of original Martin's extender, showing a simple and economic improvement of this home-made practical seminal extender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Gil
- Reproduction and Obstetrics Area, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - C. Malo
- Reproduction and Obstetrics Area, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Zaragoza, Spain
| | - N. González
- Reproduction and Obstetrics Area, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Zaragoza, Spain
| | - C. Álvarez
- Equine Reproduction Center, Torre Abejar, Garrapinillos, Zaragoza, Spain
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Pugliesi G, Fürst R, Carvalho GR. Impact of using a fast-freezing technique and different thawing protocols on viability and fertility of frozen equine spermatozoa. Andrologia 2013; 46:1055-62. [DOI: 10.1111/and.12205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- G. Pugliesi
- Department of Animal Reproduction; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science; University of São Paulo; Pirassununga SP Brazil
| | - R. Fürst
- Department of Animal Science; Federal University of Viçosa; Viçosa MG Brazil
| | - G. R. Carvalho
- Department of Animal Science; Federal University of Viçosa; Viçosa MG Brazil
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Len JA, Beehan DP, Lyle SK, Eilts BE. Cushioned versus noncushioned centrifugation: sperm recovery rate and integrity. Theriogenology 2013; 80:648-53. [PMID: 23849256 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2013.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
It was hypothesized that optimal sperm recovery rate (RR) without damage to the sperm would be obtained after centrifugation without a cushion solution. Semen collected three times from six light breed stallions was extended to 25 × 10(6) sperm/mL and centrifuged at CON (noncentrifuged), 900NC (no-cushion), 900C (cushion), 1800NC, and 1800C × g for 10 minutes. Sperm concentration, motility (TM and PM), and intact plasma membranes (PLM) and acrosomes (ACR) pre- and postcentrifugation (D0) and after 24 hours (D1) of cooling were evaluated. The RR in the CON (100 ± 0.0), 900NC (93.7 ± 2.9), and 1800NC (96.7 ± 2.6) groups was significantly higher than the 900C (68.7 ± 4.6) and 1800C (79.6 ± 3.5) groups. The D0 TM and PM were not different between the CON, 900NC, 900C, and 1800C, but were lower for the 1800NC group. The D1 TM and PM of the 900NC (75.2 ± 3.8 and 71.1 ± 4.1) and 900C (76.2 ± 3.7 and 72.4 ± 4.0) groups were significantly higher than the 1800NC (71.7 ± 4.1 and 67.3 ± 4.4) and 1800C (71.6 ± 4.1 and 67.2 ± 4.4) groups, and the CON (66.2 ± 4.5 and 60.0 ± 4.8) group was significantly lower than the other groups. The D1 PLM of the CON, 900NC, 900C, 1800NC, and 1800C groups were not different. The ACR on D1 was significantly lower for the CON (93.0 ± 2.4) group compared with all other groups. Optimal RR preserving sperm integrity was obtained in the 900NC group.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Len
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA.
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Alipour H, Sharbatoghli M, Yazdi PE, Shahverdi A, Daneshzadeh MT, Afshani M, Mirian SJ, Hamidi H, Mohammadi AR, Valojerdi MR. Pregnancy in the Caspian Miniature Horse Using Frozen Semen Cryopreserved with the EquiPRO CryoGuard Freeze Medium and Customized Freezing Protocols. J Equine Vet Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2012.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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New seminal plasma removal method for freezing stallion semen. Theriogenology 2013; 79:1120-1123.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2013.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Gutiérrez-Cepeda L, Fernández Á, Crespo F, Ramírez MÁ, Gosálvez J, Serres C. The effect of two pre-cryopreservation single layer colloidal centrifugation protocols in combination with different freezing extenders on the fragmentation dynamics of thawed equine sperm DNA. Acta Vet Scand 2012; 54:72. [PMID: 23217215 PMCID: PMC3599590 DOI: 10.1186/1751-0147-54-72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Variability among stallions in terms of semen cryopreservation quality renders it difficult to arrive at a standardized cryopreservation method. Different extenders and processing techniques (such us colloidal centrifugation) are used in order to optimize post-thaw sperm quality. Sperm chromatin integrity analysis is an effective tool for assessing such quality. The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of two single layer colloidal centrifugation protocols (prior to cryopreservation) in combination with three commercial freezing extenders on the post-thaw chromatin integrity of equine sperm samples at different post-thaw incubation (37°C) times (i.e., their DNA fragmentation dynamics). Results Post-thaw DNA fragmentation levels in semen samples subjected to either of the colloidal centrifugation protocols were significantly lower (p<0.05) immediately after thawing and after 4 h of incubation at 37°C compared to samples that underwent standard (control) centrifugation. The use of InraFreeze® extender was associated with significantly less DNA fragmentation than the use of Botu-Crio® extender at 6 h of incubation, and than the use of either Botu-Crio® or Gent® extender at 24 h of incubation (p<0.05). Conclusions These results suggest that single layer colloidal centrifugation performed with extended or raw semen prior to cryopreservation reduces DNA fragmentation during the first four hours after thawing. Further studies are needed to determine the influence of freezing extenders on equine sperm DNA fragmentation dynamics.
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Factors affecting sperm recovery rates and survival after centrifugation of equine semen. Theriogenology 2012; 78:1814-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2012.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Revised: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Cristanelli MJ, Squires EL, Amann RP, Pickett BW. Fertility of stallion semen processed, frozen and thawed by a new procedure. Theriogenology 2012; 22:39-45. [PMID: 16725934 DOI: 10.1016/0093-691x(84)90471-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/1983] [Accepted: 04/24/1984] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The fertility of frozen-thawed and fresh semen from three stallions was compared in a trial using a randomized block design and 90 mares for 108 cycles. Semen was collected every third day, diluted to 50 x 10(6) sperm/ml with a citrate-based centrifugation medium, and centrifuged. The cells were resuspended at 700 x 10(6) progressively motile sperm/1.0 ml of added lactose-EDTA-egg yolk extender containing 4% glycerol, packaged by placing 0.55 ml into polypropylene straws, and frozen. Semen was thawed by immersion in 75 degrees C water for 10 sec. All of the 43 ejaculates collected were frozen, but 21 were discarded because progressive sperm motility was <35% immediately after thawing or <40% after 30 min of incubation at 37 degrees C. semen from the same stallions was collected daily for inseminations with fresh semen. Semen containing 200 x 10(6) progressively motile sperm was added to 10 ml of heated skimmilk extender. Mares were inseminated daily starting on the third day of estrus or when a >/=4-cm follicle was detected, whichever came later, and continuing through the end of estrus or for nine days. Based on palpation per rectum on day 50 postovulation, the pregnancy rates from inseminations during one estrus were 50, 56 and 61% with frozen semen and 67, 67 and 61% with fresh semen (P>0.05) from the three stallions, respectively. Thus, mean pregnancy rate with frozen semen was 86% of the rate attained with fresh semen.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Cristanelli
- Animal Reproduction Laboratory Colorado State University Fort Collins, CO 80521 USA
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Daigneault BW, Graham JK, Bruemmer JE, Denniston DJ, Carnevale EM. Cryopreservation of Cooled Semen and Evaluation of Sperm Holding Media for Potential Use in Equine-Assisted Reproduction Procedures. J Equine Vet Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2012.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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41
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Effect of cryopreservation protocol on postthaw characteristics of stallion sperm. Theriogenology 2011; 76:409-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2010] [Revised: 02/05/2011] [Accepted: 02/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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42
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Spermatozoa recovery and post-thawing quality of brown bear ejaculates is affected for centrifugation regimes. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-011-0544-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Pojprasath T, Lohachit C, Techakumphu M, Stout T, Tharasanit T. Improved cryopreservability of stallion sperm using a sorbitol-based freezing extender. Theriogenology 2011; 75:1742-9. [PMID: 21458054 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2010] [Revised: 01/15/2011] [Accepted: 01/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cryopreservation of stallion semen is often associated with poor post-thaw sperm quality. Sugars are among the important components of a freezing extender and act as non-permeating cryoprotectants. This study aimed to compare the quality of stallion sperm frozen with glucose, fructose or sorbitol-containing freezing extenders. Semen was collected from six stallions of proven fertility and cryopreserved using a freezing extender containing different types of monosaccharide sugars (glucose, fructose or sorbitol). After thawing, the semen was examined for sperm motility, viability, acrosome integrity, plasma membrane functionality and sperm longevity. The fertility of semen frozen in the presence of sorbitol was also tested by artificial insemination. Sperm quality was significantly decreased following freezing and thawing (P < 0.05). Fructose was inferior for protecting sperm during cryopreservation when compared to sorbitol and glucose (P < 0.05). Although the viability, motility and acrosome integrity of sperm cryopreserved with a glucose-containing extender did not significantly differ from sperm frozen in the sorbitol-based extender when examined at 2 and 4 h post-thaw, all of these parameters plus plasma membrane functionality were improved for sperm frozen in the sorbitol extender than in the glucose extender when examined 10 min post-thaw. Two of four mares (50%) inseminated with semen frozen with a sorbitol-containing freezing extender became pregnant. It is concluded that different sugars have different abilities to protect against cryoinjury during freezing and thawing of stallion sperm. This study demonstrated that an extender containing sorbitol as primary sugar can be used to successfully cryopreserve equine sperm; moreover, the quality of frozen-thawed sperm appeared to be better than when glucose or fructose was the principle sugar in the freezing extender.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Pojprasath
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproduction, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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44
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Anel L, Gomes-Alves S, Alvarez M, Borragan S, Anel E, Nicolas M, Martinez-Pastor F, de Paz P. Effect of basic factors of extender composition on post-thawing quality of brown bear electroejaculated spermatozoa. Theriogenology 2010; 74:643-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2009] [Revised: 03/01/2010] [Accepted: 03/07/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Oliveira C, Vasconcelos A, Souza F, Martins-Filho O, Silva M, Varago F, Lagares M. Cholesterol addition protects membrane intactness during cryopreservation of stallion sperm. Anim Reprod Sci 2010; 118:194-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2009.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2009] [Revised: 07/24/2009] [Accepted: 08/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Vasconcelos AB, Santana MA, Santos AMC, Santoro MM, Lagares MA. Metabolic evaluation of cooled equine spermatozoa. Andrologia 2010; 42:106-11. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.2009.00963.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Spizziri B, Fox M, Bruemmer J, Squires E, Graham J. Cholesterol-loaded-cyclodextrins and fertility potential of stallions spermatozoa. Anim Reprod Sci 2010; 118:255-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2009.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2008] [Revised: 07/20/2009] [Accepted: 08/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Hoogewijs M, Rijsselaere T, De Vliegher S, Vanhaesebrouck E, De Schauwer C, Govaere J, Thys M, Hoflack G, Van Soom A, de Kruif A. Influence of different centrifugation protocols on equine semen preservation. Theriogenology 2010; 74:118-26. [PMID: 20207406 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2009] [Revised: 01/18/2010] [Accepted: 01/31/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the impact of centrifugation on cooled and frozen preservation of equine semen. A standard centrifugation protocol (600 x g for 10 min=CP1) was compared to four protocols with increasing g-force and decreased time period (600 x g, 1200 x g, 1800 x g and 2400 x g for 5 min for CP2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively) and to an uncentrifuged negative control. In experiment 1, the influence of the different CPs on sperm loss was evaluated by calculating the total number of sperm cells in 90% of the supernatant. Moreover, the effect on semen quality following centrifugation was assessed by monitoring several sperm parameters (membrane integrity using SYBR14-PI, acrosomal status using PSA-FITC, percentage total motility (TM), percentage progressive motility (PM) and beat cross frequency (BCF) obtained with computer assisted sperm analysis (CASA)) immediately after centrifugation and daily during chilled storage for 3 d. The use of CP1 resulted in a sperm loss of 22%. Increasing the centrifugation force to 1800 x g and 2400 x g for 5 min led to significantly lower sperm losses (7.4% and 2.1%, respectively; P<0.05). Compared to the uncentrifuged samples, centrifugation of semen resulted in a better sperm quality after chilled storage. There were minimal differences between the CPs although total motility was lower for CP2 than for the other treatments (P<0.005). In experiment 2, the centrifuged samples were cryopreserved using a standard freezing protocol and analyzed immediately upon thawing. Samples centrifuged according to CP2 resulted in a higher BCF (P<0.005), whereas CP3 and CP5 yielded a lower BCF (P<0.05) when compared to CP1. There were no post thaw differences between CP1 and CP4. In experiment 3, DNA integrity of the different samples was analyzed using TUNEL. Although DNA integrity decreased over time, CP had no impact. In conclusion, the loss of sperm cells in the supernatant after centrifugation can be substantially reduced by increasing the g-force up to 1800 x g or 2400 x g for a shorter period of time (5 min) compared to the standard protocol without apparent changes in semen quality, resulting in a considerable increase in the number of insemination doses per ejaculate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten Hoogewijs
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke, Belgium.
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Czarny NA, Rodger JC. The spermatozoa of the dasyurid marsupial, Sminthopsis crassicaudata, are highly susceptible to cold shock. Reprod Fertil Dev 2010; 22:580-5. [DOI: 10.1071/rd09119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2009] [Accepted: 09/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the late 1970s research has suggested that marsupial spermatozoa did not suffer cold shock. We have re-examined cold shock to investigate problems with freezing of spermatozoa from a dasyurid marsupial, the fat-tailed dunnart (Sminthopsis crassicaudata). Epididymal spermatozoa were rapidly cooled to 0.5°C in a pre-cooled tube held in an iced-water slurry. Upon re-warming all spermatozoa were immotile and the addition of 10% or 20% egg yolk to the sperm medium had no beneficial effect. Spermatozoa that were rapidly cooled to 4°C maintained only 2% motility when re-warmed but the addition of at least 10% egg yolk was beneficial and upon re-warming greater than 65% of the initial motility was maintained. In order to achieve motile spermatozoa at 0°C, controlled-rate cooling at 0.5°C min–1 was examined. In the absence of egg yolk there was a significant decline in the percentage of motile spermatozoa below 4°C. However, the inclusion of at least 10% egg yolk resulted in no loss of motility in spermatozoa cooled to 0°C. This is the first experimental study indicating that spermatozoa from a marsupial are highly susceptible to cold shock and that the impact of rapid chilling can be mitigated by the addition of 10% egg yolk. The ability to successfully cool the spermatozoa of S. crassicaudata to 0°C may have an important role in future studies examining dasyurid sperm cryopreservation.
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Len J, Jenkins J, Eilts B, Paccamonti D, Lyle S, Hosgood G. Immediate and delayed (after cooling) effects of centrifugation on equine sperm. Theriogenology 2010; 73:225-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2009.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2009] [Revised: 09/02/2009] [Accepted: 09/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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