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Kuleš J, Lovrić L, Gelemanović A, Beer Ljubić B, Rubić I, Bujanić M, Konjević D. Complementary liver and serum protein profile in wild boars infected by the giant liver fluke Fascioloides magna using tandem mass tags quantitative approach. J Proteomics 2021; 247:104332. [PMID: 34298188 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Liver fluke, Fascioloides magna, is an important non-native parasite introduced to Europe, posing a threat to survival of local wildlife populations. The aim of this study was to assess the serum and liver protein profile of control and F. magna infected wild boars, by means of shotgun tandem mass tag - based quantitative high resolution proteomics approach. In serum, 4 differentially abundant proteins were found out of total 1073 identified, while in liver from 3520 identified proteins, 116 were differentially abundant between healthy and F. magna infected wild boars. Pathway analysis revealed that most of the proteins differing in abundance are involved in metabolism, biological oxidations, cellular responses to stimuli, fatty acid metabolism, and others. Validation of proteomic results was performed for paraoxonase-1, ceruloplasmin, glutathione S-transferase and liver enzymes by ELISA and automated assays. Complementary analysis of liver and serum in F. magna infection enabled insight into changes of proteome profile of the host at local and sistemic level. Our findings showed that chronic infection with F. magna is associated with immune response in host, oxidative stress and metabolomic changes in liver. SIGNIFICANCE: Liver fluke infections are recognised as worldwide neglected diseases with considerable veterinary and public health importance. Pathological changes, clinical signs and outcome of F. magna infection are strongly related to the type of final hosts and their different tolerance to infection. In order to gain insight into host-parasite interactions in wild boars, dead-end host for F. magna, we assessed proteomics profile of serum and liver of control animals and those infected with F. magna. Proteomics analysis of serum and liver in parallel showed as advantageous and beneficial, demonstrating protein alterations mainly at local level. Bioinformatics analysis enabled elucidation of molecular pathways associated with F. magna infection. Identification and validation of proteins associated with infection may have added value to current tools for efficient liver fluke control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josipa Kuleš
- Laboratory of proteomics, Internal Diseases Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Lea Lovrić
- Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases With Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Blanka Beer Ljubić
- Laboratory of proteomics, Internal Diseases Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Rubić
- Laboratory of proteomics, Internal Diseases Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Miljenko Bujanić
- Department of Veterinary Economics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dean Konjević
- Department of Veterinary Economics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Oxidative stress associated with pathological lesions in the liver of rats experimentally infected by Fasciola hepatica. Exp Parasitol 2015; 159:24-8. [PMID: 26311170 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2015.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the antioxidant status and oxidative profile in serum and liver of rats experimentally infected with Fasciola hepatica and its relationship with pathological findings. Twenty-four rats were divided into two groups: group A consisted of 12 healthy rats and group B of 12 rats infected orally with 20 metacercaria of F. hepatica. At days 20 and 150 post-infection (PI), blood and liver samples of six animals from each group were collected. The protein oxidation (AOPP technique: advanced oxidation protein products) and antioxidants (FRAP technique: ferric reducing antioxidant power) levels were measured in serum and liver. Furthermore, nitrite/nitrate (NOx) levels and lipid peroxidation (TBARS technique: thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) were measured in liver. AOPP and FRAP levels were increased (P < 0.05) in serum and liver of infected animals in acute and chronic infection when compared with healthy animals. The same occurred with TBARS and NOx levels in the liver (P < 0.05). Histopathology revealed periportal fibrous hepatitis, composed of an abundant inflammatory infiltrate in portal spaces on infected animals, as well as bile duct hyperplasia. The results found seem to be related to the host free radical production demonstrated in serum samples and liver due to the parasite infection.
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Kaya S, Sütçü R, Cetin ES, Aridogan BC, Delibaş N, Demirci M. Lipid peroxidation level and antioxidant enzyme activities in the blood of patients with acute and chronic fascioliasis. Int J Infect Dis 2006; 11:251-5. [PMID: 16859944 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2006.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2006] [Revised: 05/08/2006] [Accepted: 05/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, we investigated the relationship between fascioliasis and serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities. We also investigated whether there are significant differences in MDA levels and antioxidant enzymatic activities between acute and chronic fascioliasis. METHODS Forty fascioliasis patients who were diagnosed by ES-ELISA positivity were included in this study. The patients were classified as 18 with acute and 22 with chronic fascioliasis. RESULTS In patients with fascioliasis, levels of MDA were statistically higher and erythrocyte SOD and GPx activities were statistically lower than in healthy controls. MDA levels were found to be higher in patients with acute fascioliasis than in patients with chronic fascioliasis although MDA levels were significantly higher in patients with chronic fascioliasis than in controls. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups for the antioxidant enzyme activities. CONCLUSION The results of this study may indicate that fascioliasis produces specific effects on the antioxidant defense mechanisms due to its inflammatory character. Our results also allow us to suggest that oxidative stress has an important role in the pathogenesis of fascioliasis and the persistence of this oxidative stress can be one of the underlying factors in the pathogenesis of the chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selçuk Kaya
- Department of Microbiology, Medicine Faculty, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey.
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Wong PS, Eiserich JP, Reddy S, Lopez CL, Cross CE, van der Vliet A. Inactivation of glutathione S-transferases by nitric oxide-derived oxidants: exploring a role for tyrosine nitration. Arch Biochem Biophys 2001; 394:216-28. [PMID: 11594736 DOI: 10.1006/abbi.2001.2532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Reactive intermediates derived from nitric oxide ((*)NO) are thought to play a contributing role in disease states associated with inflammation and infection. We show here that glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), principal enzymes responsible for detoxification of endogenous and exogenous electrophiles, are susceptible to inactivation by reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Treatment of isolated GSTs or rat liver homogenates with either peroxynitrite, the myeloperoxidase/hydrogen peroxide/nitrite system, or tetranitromethane, resulted in loss of GST activity with a concomitant increase in the formation of protein-associated 3-nitrotyrosine (NO(2)Tyr). This inactivation was only partially (<25%) reversible by dithiothreitol, and exposure of GSTs to hydrogen peroxide or S-nitrosoglutathione was only partially inhibitory (<25%) and did not result in protein nitration. Thus, irreversible modifications such as tyrosine nitration may have contributed to GST inactivation by RNS. Since all GSTs contain a critical, highly conserved, active-site tyrosine residue, we postulated that this Tyr residue might present a primary target for nitration by RNS, thus leading to enzyme inactivation. To directly investigate this possibility, we analyzed purified mouse liver GST-mu, following nitration by several RNS, by trypsin digestion, HPLC separation, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight analysis, to determine the degree of tyrosine nitration of individual Tyr residues. Indeed, nitration was found to occur preferentially on several tyrosine residues located in and around the GST active site. However, RNS concentrations that resulted in near complete GST inactivation only caused up to 25% nitration of even preferentially targeted tyrosine residues. Hence, nitration of active-site tyrosine residues may contribute to GST inactivation by RNS, but is unlikely to fully account for enzyme inactivation. Overall, our studies illustrate a potential mechanism by which RNS may promote (oxidative) injury by environmental pollutants in association with inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Wong
- Center for Comparative Respiratory Biology and Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.
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Calléja C, Bigot K, Eeckhoutte C, Sibille P, Boulard C, Galtier P. Comparison of hepatic and renal drug-metabolising enzyme activities in sheep given single or two-fold challenge infections with Fasciola hepatica. Int J Parasitol 2000; 30:953-8. [PMID: 10927086 DOI: 10.1016/s0020-7519(00)00070-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The activity of drug-metabolising enzymes was compared in liver and kidneys of adult sheep given single or two-fold fluke infection. Fascioliasis was induced by oral administration of 200 metacercariae of Fasciola hepatica to female sheep either 10 or 20 weeks (mono-infections) or 10 and 20 weeks (bi-infection) before killing. The parasitic pathology was ascertained at autopsy and by clinical observation of animals. In the liver of both mono- and bi-infected animals, significant decreases (P<0.05) (17-44%) were observed in the microsomal content of cytochrome P450 and in the two measured P450-dependent monooxygenase activities, benzphetamine and ethylmorphine N-demethylations. Moreover, Western blot analysis of microsomes demonstrated a decrease in the expression of cytochrome P4503A subfamily correlative with that of its presumed corresponding activity ethylmorphine N-demethylase. By contrast, the conjugation of chloro-dinitrobenzene to glutathione remained unchanged in liver cytosolic fractions prepared from all these animals. In kidneys, a significant decrease (P<0.05) (30%) in microsomal cytochrome P450 level of 10-week mono-infected sheep was observed whereas there was no change in the other groups of animals. The inflammatory origin and the consequences in terms of pathology and animal productivity of the fascioliasis-induced decreases in tissue-oxidative drug metabolism are discussed, particularly in the case of adult sheep suffering repetitive infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Calléja
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie-Toxicologie INRA, 180 Chemin de Tournefeuille, BP3, 31931, Toulouse, France
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Sibille P, Calléja C, Carreras F, Bigot K, Galtier P, Boulard C. Fasciola hepatica: influence of gender and liver biotransformations on flukicide treatment efficacy of rats infested and cured with either clorsulon/ivermectin or triclabendazole. Exp Parasitol 2000; 94:227-37. [PMID: 10831390 DOI: 10.1006/expr.2000.4501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Two fasciolicide preparations have been compared in 130 rats experimentally infected with Fasciola hepatica. Parasitological, immunological, and biochemical parameters have been followed to monitor the efficacy of the treatments. While Fascinex (triclabendazole) efficiently cured both male and female rats when administered as soon as 4 weeks postinfection, treatment with Ivomec-D (clorsulon + ivermectin) displayed a low efficacy on either male or female rats at this time point (54 and 0%, respectively). Moreover, when administered 8 weeks postinfection, the Ivomec-D treatment proved highly efficient on male rats while it displayed little effect on the female population (100 and 53%, respectively). This unexpected result has been related to an overexpression of a P4503A isoform that is observed only in females that have been treated with Ivomec-D. The influence of this P4503A cytochrome on drug metabolism and the need for the incorporation of both genders in clinical trials are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sibille
- Station de Pathologie Aviaire et Parasitologie, INRA, Nouzilly, 37380, France
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Biro-Sauveur B, Eeckhoutte C, Baeza E, Boulard C, Galtier P. Comparison of hepatic and extrahepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme activities in rats given single or multiple challenge infections with Fasciola hepatica. Int J Parasitol 1995; 25:1193-200. [PMID: 8557466 DOI: 10.1016/0020-7519(95)00035-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The activity of drug-metabolizing enzymes was compared in liver, kidneys and lungs of rats given single or repetitive fluke infections. Fascioliasis was induced by oral administration of 20 metacercariae of F. hepatica to rats, either 6, or 12 and 6, or 12, 9 and 6 weeks before sacrifice. In the liver of mono-infected rats, significant reductions (24-67%) were observed in microsomal content of cytochrome P450 and all P450-dependent monooxygenases investigated. Conjugations to glutathione or acetate were lowered by 34-50% in these animals. In multiply infected animals, a majority of specific enzymatic activities were unchanged, while some monooxygenase activities such as aminopyrine demethylation or benzo(a)pyrene hydroxylation were increased by 26-76% in the liver of tri-infected rats. A renal compensatory process occurred in all infected groups, since cytochrome P450, benzphetamine demethylation and glutathione conjugation were significantly increased. By contrast, dealkylation of benzphetamine and pentoxyresorufin were decreased in the lungs of monoinfected rats. The development of parasite resistance would account for the recovery of liver drug metabolizing capabilities in multi-infected animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Biro-Sauveur
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie-Toxicologie INRA, Toulouse, France
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Kirby GM, Pelkonen P, Vatanasapt V, Camus AM, Wild CP, Lang MA. Association of liver fluke (Opisthorchis viverrini) infestation with increased expression of cytochrome P450 and carcinogen metabolism in male hamster liver. Mol Carcinog 1994; 11:81-9. [PMID: 7916996 DOI: 10.1002/mc.2940110205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Synergy between exposure to chemical carcinogens (nitrosamines) and infestation with the liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini has been demonstrated in a hamster model of hepatocarcinogenesis (Flavell et al., Carcinogenesis 4:927-930, 1983; Thamavit et al., Carcinogenesis 8:1351-1353, 1987). To elucidate the mechanisms of this interaction we tested the hypothesis that liver parasitism might influence the expression and activity of carcinogen metabolizing enzymes. We found that one, and perhaps more, hamster liver cytochrome P450 (CYP) isozymes immunorelated to mouse CYP2A5 contributed up to 50 or 60% of the hepatic aflatoxin B1 (AFB) and N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) metabolism, respectively. As inferred from average enzyme activities and from western blot, immunoinhibition, and substrate (coumarin) inhibition analyses, O. viverrini infestation increased the expression of enzymes detectable by anti-CYP2A5 antibody as well as NDEA metabolism in male but not in female hamsters. Immunohistochemical analysis of CYP2A expression by anti-mouse CYP2A5 antibody demonstrated that the O. viverrini-associated increase was not uniformly distributed throughout the liver but occurred in hepatocytes immediately adjacent to areas of inflammation. Immunohistochemical analysis of AFB-DNA adducts in the livers of O. viverrini-infested hamsters treated with AFB showed that the highest levels of adducts were found in the regions of liver where hepatocellular expression of enzymes detectable by anti-CYP2A5 antibody is induced. These results suggest that a high local expression of CYP isozymes in O. viverrini-infested livers could be a contributing risk factor in the development of liver cancers associated with parasitic hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Kirby
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, Canada
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