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Harazono Y, Morita KI, Tonouchi E, Anzai E, Takahara N, Kohmoto T, Imoto I, Yoda T. TP63 mutation mapping information in TP63 mutation-associated syndromes. ADVANCES IN ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adoms.2022.100253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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2
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Bergendal B. Orodental manifestations in ectodermal dysplasia-a review. Am J Med Genet A 2014; 164A:2465-71. [PMID: 24719393 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Oral signs and symptoms are present in most ectodermal dysplasias (EDs). The aim of this article is to summarize some of the literature on current knowledge of oral manifestations and orofacial function in EDs. The review will focus on the most common forms where dental manifestations can be crucial for a differential diagnosis of ED among individuals with hypodontia and oligodontia, and preferably where the investigations included persons who had a genetically verified diagnosis. Disturbances in tooth development are common and can appear as tooth agenesis, variations in size and shape of teeth, defects in the mineralized tissues, and problems in tooth eruption. Abnormalities in number, size, and shape of teeth, and reduced salivary secretion, present in isolated oligodontia as well as in hypohidrotic ED and incontinentia pigmenti. In some more rare EDs these symptoms appear in combination with clefts of lip and/or palate in some affected individuals. Leukokeratosis in the oral mucosa presents in 70% of genetically confirmed cases of pachyonychia congenita. Also, orofacial function is often affected in ED, due to malformations, an incomplete dentition, and low salivary secretion which can compromise chewing, swallowing, and speech. In conclusion, there is a clinical overlap in oral signs and symptoms between isolated oligodontia and the most common EDs. Studies with genetically confirmed diagnoses and larger cohorts, as well as multicenter collaboration and the establishing of international registries, would create a basis for refined diagnostics, where oral examinations should be an integrated part of clinical assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgitta Bergendal
- National Oral Disability Centre for Rare Disorders, The Institute for Postgraduate Dental Education, Jönköping, Sweden
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3
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Scalp erosion in ankyloblepharon-ectodermal defect-cleft lip and/or palate (AEC syndrome): treatment with acellular dermal matrix. J Craniofac Surg 2013; 24:e28-30. [PMID: 23348327 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0b013e3182688c32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ankyloblepharon-ectodermal defect-cleft lip and/or palate (AEC syndrome, also known as Hay-Wells syndrome) is an autosomal dominant disease caused by mutation in the p63 gene that is primarily characterized by facial clefting, presence of ankyloblepharon, ectodermal dysplasia, and scalp erosion. Scalp erosion is perhaps the most debilitating manifestation of AEC due to its problematic treatment that is fraught with failure given the underlying pathology of the p63 mutation causing dysfunctional wound healing. Management is often targeted in a stepwise fashion, beginning with daily baths, light debridement, and emollients and progressing to extensive skin excision. Skin grafting has limited success and, inevitably, infections requiring aggressive debridement and antibiotic therapy result from dysfunctional healing. The use of acellular dermal matrix for treatment of scalp erosion is a novel approach attempted in a patient with severe scalp disease. Here we report her case and the failure of treatment, along with possible explanations and suggestions for future therapy.
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4
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Pierre-Louis M, Byer-Parsons T, Burkhart CN, Morrell DS. Perioral lesions in ectrodactyly, ectodermal dysplasia, clefting syndrome. Pediatr Dermatol 2010; 27:658-60. [PMID: 21510007 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1470.2010.01328.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Ectrodactyly, ectodermal dysplasia, clefting syndrome (EEC) is a rare autosomal dominant genodermatosis. We describe perioral lesions presented in a young boy with a history of EEC. While this is not the first mention of perioral lesions in EEC, they have been poorly characterized and are not defined as a common feature of the syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margareth Pierre-Louis
- Department of Dermatology, UNC-Chapel Hill School of Medicine, 410 Market Street, Suite 400, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA.
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5
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Eriksson N, Macpherson JM, Tung JY, Hon LS, Naughton B, Saxonov S, Avey L, Wojcicki A, Pe'er I, Mountain J. Web-based, participant-driven studies yield novel genetic associations for common traits. PLoS Genet 2010; 6:e1000993. [PMID: 20585627 PMCID: PMC2891811 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 318] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2009] [Accepted: 04/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the recent rapid growth in genome-wide data, much of human variation remains entirely unexplained. A significant challenge in the pursuit of the genetic basis for variation in common human traits is the efficient, coordinated collection of genotype and phenotype data. We have developed a novel research framework that facilitates the parallel study of a wide assortment of traits within a single cohort. The approach takes advantage of the interactivity of the Web both to gather data and to present genetic information to research participants, while taking care to correct for the population structure inherent to this study design. Here we report initial results from a participant-driven study of 22 traits. Replications of associations (in the genes OCA2, HERC2, SLC45A2, SLC24A4, IRF4, TYR, TYRP1, ASIP, and MC1R) for hair color, eye color, and freckling validate the Web-based, self-reporting paradigm. The identification of novel associations for hair morphology (rs17646946, near TCHH; rs7349332, near WNT10A; and rs1556547, near OFCC1), freckling (rs2153271, in BNC2), the ability to smell the methanethiol produced after eating asparagus (rs4481887, near OR2M7), and photic sneeze reflex (rs10427255, near ZEB2, and rs11856995, near NR2F2) illustrates the power of the approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joyce Y. Tung
- 23andMe, Mountain View, California, United States of America
| | - Lawrence S. Hon
- 23andMe, Mountain View, California, United States of America
| | - Brian Naughton
- 23andMe, Mountain View, California, United States of America
| | - Serge Saxonov
- 23andMe, Mountain View, California, United States of America
| | - Linda Avey
- 23andMe, Mountain View, California, United States of America
| | - Anne Wojcicki
- 23andMe, Mountain View, California, United States of America
| | - Itsik Pe'er
- Department of Computer Science, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Joanna Mountain
- 23andMe, Mountain View, California, United States of America
- Department of Anthropology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
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6
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Julapalli MR, Scher RK, Sybert VP, Siegfried EC, Bree AF. Dermatologic findings of ankyloblepharon-ectodermal defects-cleft lip/palate (AEC) syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2010; 149A:1900-6. [PMID: 19681128 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.32797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Hay-Wells syndrome, caused by mutations in the p63 gene, is an autosomal dominant ectodermal dysplasia with the main features of ankyloblepharon filiforme adnatum, ectodermal defects, and cleft lip/palate, from which the disorder's other name, AEC syndrome, is derived. The National Foundation for Ectodermal Dysplasias convened the International Research Symposium for AEC Syndrome on November 8-10, 2006, at Texas Children's Hospital/Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX with appropriate IRB approval. This multidisciplinary conference was the largest gathering of such patients to date and allowed us to further characterize dermatologic features of AEC syndrome, which included: sparse and wiry hair, nail changes, past or present scalp erosions, decreased sweat production, palmar/plantar changes, and unique pigmentary anomalies. Early recognition of the features of AEC syndrome and subsequent early diagnosis is important in minimizing invasive diagnostic studies, improving morbidity and mortality, and providing genetic counseling. Skin erosions, especially those of the scalp, were identified as the most challenging cutaneous aspect of this syndrome. Although the reasons for the skin erosions and poor healing are not known, mutations of p63 may lead to a diminished store of basal cells capable of replenishing the disrupted barrier. Therapeutic strategies currently under exploration include gene therapy, as well as epidermal stem cell therapy. Until then, gentle wound care and limiting further trauma seem to be the most prudent treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meena R Julapalli
- Texas Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Dermatology, Baylor College of Medicine, 6621 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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7
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Dishop MK, Bree AF, Hicks MJ. Pathologic changes of skin and hair in ankyloblepharon-ectodermal defects-cleft lip/palate (AEC) syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2010; 149A:1935-41. [PMID: 19697429 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.32826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Ankyloblepharon-Ectodermal defects-Cleft lip/palate (AEC) syndrome is a rare disorder of hair, skin, nails, and dentition caused by mutations in the p63 gene. Pathologic changes of skin and hair in AEC syndrome have previously been described in isolated case reports. Biopsies of normal and lesional skin from 19 patients with AEC syndrome were examined by light microscopy. Hair samples from 18 patients were examined by light and scanning electron microscopy. Histopathologic changes identified within the skin biopsies from clinically unaffected skin include mild atrophy, focal orthokeratosis, and mild superficial perivascular lymphocytic dermatitis. Scattered melanophages in the superficial and deep dermis likely reflect post-inflammatory change. One patient with a unilateral eruption of monomorphic papulopustules on the chest and shoulder demonstrated an acneiform intraepidermal pustule. Examination of the hair shafts revealed atrophy and loss of melanin pigment in some of the patients. Structural abnormalities included pili torti, pili trianguli et canaliculi, and irregular indentation and shallow grooves. Skin and hair findings in AEC syndrome were found to be generally similar to those described in other ectodermal dysplasia syndromes and corroborates the few prior descriptions in AEC syndrome specifically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan K Dishop
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, 6621 Fannin, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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8
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León-Mateos A, Monteagudo B, Rodríguez L, Suárez I, Zulaica A. [Patient with "lobster claw" hands and feet: ectrodactyly-ectodermal dysplasia-cleft syndrome]. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2008; 99:822-3. [PMID: 19091227 DOI: 10.1016/s0001-7310(08)74970-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Abstract
Various nonfollicular scalp conditions can cause secondary scarring or permanent alopecia. Possible causes are congenital defects, trauma, inflammatory conditions, infections, and neoplasms (rarely drugs). Associated signs and symptoms and other diagnostic procedures such as histopathology may aid in the diagnosis. Detection of the underlying disorder may be difficult in end-stage lesions. Treatment is specific for active conditions. Surgery and hair transplantation are options for localized scars.
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10
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The genetics of hair shaft disorders. J Am Acad Dermatol 2008; 59:1-22; quiz 23-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2008.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2007] [Revised: 04/03/2008] [Accepted: 04/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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Patient with “Lobster Claw” Hands and Feet: Ectrodactyly-Ectodermal Dysplasia-Clefting Syndrome. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1578-2190(08)70376-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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12
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Cabiling DS, Yan AC, McDonald-McGinn DM, Zackai EH, Kirschner RE. Cleft lip and palate repair in Hay-Wells/ankyloblepharon-ectodermal dysplasia-clefting syndrome. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2007; 44:335-9. [PMID: 17477760 DOI: 10.1597/06-065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hay-Wells/ankyloblepharon-ectodermal dysplasia-clefting syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by ankyloblepharon, ectodermal dysplasia, and cleft lip and/or cleft palate. Mutations in the p63 gene recently have been shown to be etiologic in the majority of cases of ankyloblepharon-ectodermal dysplasia-clefting syndrome. To date, there have been no reports to document wound healing after cleft lip and/or palate repair in ankyloblepharon-ectodermal dysplasia-clefting patients. We describe two patients with ankyloblepharon-ectodermal dysplasia-clefting syndrome and provide a review of the literature. There have been no reported instances of wound healing complications in affected patients. Seventeen percent (3/18) of reported patients required revisions or repair of oronasal fistulae. Cleft lip and palate repair can be performed safely in patients with Hay-Wells syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Cabiling
- Department of Surgery and Division of Plastic Surgery at The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-4318, USA
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13
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Gambichler T, Hoffjan S, Altmeyer P, Bechara FG. A case of sporadic Bazex?Dupr�?Christol syndrome presenting with scarring folliculitis of the scalp. Br J Dermatol 2007; 156:184-6. [PMID: 17199596 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2006.07580.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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14
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Mansur AT, Aydingöz IE, Kocaayan N. A case of EEC syndrome with peri/intraoral papillomatosis and widespread freckling. J Dermatol 2006; 33:225-6. [PMID: 16620233 DOI: 10.1111/j.1346-8138.2006.00052.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Park SW, Yong SL, Martinka M, Shapiro J. Rapp-Hodgkin syndrome: A review of the aspects of hair and hair color. J Am Acad Dermatol 2005; 53:729-35. [PMID: 16198808 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2005.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2005] [Revised: 05/14/2005] [Accepted: 05/17/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Wook Park
- Division of Dermatology, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
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Abstract
Hair dysplasias are congenital or acquired alterations which often involve the hair shaft. Hair shaft abnormalities are characterized by changes in color, density, length and structure. Hair shaft alterations often result from structural changes within the hair fibers and cuticles which may lead to brittle and uncombable hair. The hair of patients with hair shaft diseases feels dry and looks lusterless. Hair shaft diseases may occur as localized or generalized disorders. Genetic predisposition or exogenous factors produce and maintain hair shaft abnormalities. Hair shaft diseases are separated into those with and those without increased hair fragility. In general, optic microscopy and polarized light microscopy of hair shafts provide important clues to the diagnosis of isolated hair shaft abnormalities or complex syndromes. To establish an exact diagnosis of dysplastic hair shafts, a structured history and physical examination of the whole patient are needed which emphasizes other skin appendages such as the nails, sweat and sebaceous glands. Profound knowledge on hair biology and embryology is necessary to understand the different symptom complexes. Therapy of hair shaft disorders should focus on the cause. In addition, minimizing traumatic influences to hair shafts, such as drying hair with an electric dryer or permanent waves and dyes, is important. A short hairstyle is more suitable for patients with hair shaft disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter H Itin
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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17
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Steele JA, Hansen H, Arn P, Kwong PC. Spectrum of phenotypic manifestations from a single point mutation of the p63 gene, including new cutaneous and immunologic findings. Pediatr Dermatol 2005; 22:415-9. [PMID: 16190990 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1470.2005.00105.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the p63 gene have been identified in five human disorders characterized by varying degrees of limb anomalies, ectodermal dysplasia, and facial clefts. We report a new point mutation in the p63 gene in a family in which the mother was initially diagnosed with Rapp-Hodgkin syndrome and her two offspring manifested ankyloblepharon, ectodermal defects, cleft lip and palate, syndrome. These three patients are the first to be reported with this particular mutation, which consists of a change from glycine to aspartic acid at position 506 on exon 14. The clinical spectrum observed in the three family members highlights the wide range of phenotypic variations that result from a single point mutation in the p63 gene. The mother lacks certain features classically associated with AEC, dermatitis of the scalp in particular. Severe erosive dermatitis of the scalp developed in both offspring, along with previously undescribed poikilodermatous skin changes and a deficiency of CD4 T lymphocytes. The new and varied phenotypic features noted in these patients emphasize the spectrum of disease caused by mutations in the p63 gene and raise the possibility of a role for it in maintaining immunocompetence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Steele
- Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida 32207, USA
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Chuangsuwanich T, Sunsaneevithayakul P, Muangsomboon K, Limwongse C. Ectrodactyly-ectodermal dysplasia-clefting (EEC) syndrome presenting with a large nephrogenic cyst, severe oligohydramnios and hydrops fetalis: a case report and review of the literature. Prenat Diagn 2005; 25:210-5. [PMID: 15791665 DOI: 10.1002/pd.1101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To report a case of EEC syndrome with a large nephrogenic cyst detected by prenatal ultrasonography. METHODS Prenatal ultrasonographic detection, genetic counselling, termination of pregnancy, radiographic study, autopsy and ultrastructural study of scalp hair. The literature on EEC syndrome with genitourinary anomalies and prenatal diagnosis was also reviewed. RESULTS A 6-cm cyst in the right side of abdominal cavity was detected in a fetus of 24 weeks' gestational age with severe oligohydramnios and hydrops fetalis. The autopsy revealed bilateral renal dysplasia with a large nephrogenic cyst at the right side and markedly hypoplastic urinary bladder and pulmonary hypoplasia. The fetus also had ectrodactyly and syndactyly of hands and feet and ectodermal dysplasia and left cleft lip and palate. Ultrastructure of hair from scanning electron microscopy revealed no obvious abnormality. CONCLUSION This is a rare case of fetal malformation partly detected prenatally. In order to detect this syndrome, careful ultrasound search for acral anomalies should be performed in cases with renal malformation or obstructive uropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuenjai Chuangsuwanich
- Department of Pathology, Siriraj Hospital Faculty of Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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19
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Pozo G, Canún S, Kofman-Alfaro S, Zenteno JC. A de novo heterozygous point mutation in the p63 gene causing the syndrome of ectrodactyly, ectodermal dysplasia and facial clefting. Br J Dermatol 2004; 151:930-2. [PMID: 15491445 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.06185.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Síndrome AEC (Hay-Wells). ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s0001-7310(04)79208-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhay Lodha
- Shared Program in Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
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22
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Glorio R, Haas R, Jaimovich L. Ectrodactyly, ectodermal dysplasia and clefting (EEC) syndrome. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2003; 17:356-8. [PMID: 12702090 DOI: 10.1046/j.1468-3083.2003.00792_7.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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23
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Brown NL, Knott L, Halligan E, Yarram SJ, Mansell JP, Sandy JR. Microarray analysis of murine palatogenesis: temporal expression of genes during normal palate development. Dev Growth Differ 2003; 45:153-65. [PMID: 12752503 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0854.2004.00686.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian face is assembled in utero in a series of complex and interdependent molecular, cell and tissue processes. The orofacial complex appears to be exquisitely sensitive to genetic and environmental influence and this explains why clefts of the lip and palate are the most common congenital anomaly in humans (one in 700 live births). In this study, microarray technology was used to identify genes that may play pivotal roles in normal murine palatogenesis. mRNA was isolated from murine embryonic palatal shelves oriented vertically (before elevation), horizontally (following elevation, before contact), and following fusion. Changes in gene expression between the three different stages were analyzed with GeneChip microarrays. A number of genes were upregulated or downregulated, and large changes were seen in the expression of loricrin, glutamate decarboxylase, gamma-amino butyric acid type A receptor beta3 subunit, frizzled, Wnt-5a, metallothionein, annexin VIII, LIM proteins, Sox1, plakophilin1, cathepsin K and creatine kinase. In this paper, the changes in genetic profile of the developing murine palate are presented, and the possible role individual genes/proteins may play during normal palate development are discussed. Candidate genes with a putative role in cleft palate are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan L Brown
- Division of Child Dental Health, University of Bristol Dental School, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS1 2LY, UK
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24
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Bigatà X, Bielsa I, Artigas M, Azón A, Ribera M, Ferrándiz C. The ectrodactyly-ectodermal dysplasia-clefting syndrome (EEC): report of five cases. Pediatr Dermatol 2003; 20:113-8. [PMID: 12657005 DOI: 10.1046/j.1525-1470.2003.20203.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We report five patients from two different pedigrees with the ectrodactyly-ectodermal dysplasia-clefting syndrome (EEC). All had features of ectodermal dysplasia, but only three had limb ectrodactyly and orofacial clefting. The present patients illustrate the great phenotypic variability in the EEC syndrome. As no single feature, including any of the three cardinal signs, is mandatory for syndrome diagnosis, a meticulous examination of all family members is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Bigatà
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
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25
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Drut R, Pollono D, Drut RM. Bilateral nephroblastoma in familial Hay-Wells syndrome associated with familial reticulate pigmentation of the skin. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 2002; 110:164-9. [PMID: 12116255 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.10424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We report on a girl with maxillary hypoplasia, prominent ears, dry sparse hair, palmar and plantar keratoderma, dystrophic nails, patchy pigmented skin lesions in hands and feet and bilateral Wilms tumor. She was born with bilateral ankyloblepharon. The mother and maternal grandmother presented similar ectodermal defects. Skin biopsies of the patient and her mother proved to contain cells overexpressing p63 by immunohistochemistry. Karyotypes of the patient and her mother, and FISH studies on lymphocytes and tumor cells of the girl demonstrated a mosaic 11p15.5 deletion. These findings suggest a relationship between familial ankyloblepharon, ectodermal defects and cleft lip and palate (AEC) syndrome (Hay-Wells syndrome) and familial reticulate pigmentation of the skin. In addition the development of Wilms tumor and 11p15.5 region involvement expand the genetic relationship between these conditions and the enlarging group of genetic entities related to nephroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Drut
- Servicio de Patología, Hospital de Niños Superiora Sor María Ludovica, La Plata, Argentina.
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26
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Kogan L, Ariely D, Kapitulsky L, Govrin-Yehudain J. Ectrodactyly-ectodermal dysplasia-cleft lip and palate syndrome in twins. Ann Plast Surg 2001; 47:580-1. [PMID: 11716280 DOI: 10.1097/00000637-200111000-00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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27
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Zenteno JC, Venegas C, Kofman-Alfaro S. Evidence that AEC syndrome and Bowen--Armstrong syndrome are variable expressions of the same disease. Pediatr Dermatol 1999; 16:103-7. [PMID: 10337671 DOI: 10.1046/j.1525-1470.1999.99009.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Several clinical disorders combine ectodermal dysplasia (ED) and cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P). These conditions have been recognized as a group of diseases with a narrow phenotypic spectrum and multiple points of overlap. We report a patient with a clinical diagnosis of AEC syndrome (ankyloblepharon, ectodermal defects, and CL/P) who additionally has some features observed in a different ED-CL/P disorder, Bowen-Armstrong syndrome. Because of this clinical overlap, we suggest that AEC syndrome and Bowen-Armstrong syndrome may be variable manifestations of the same pathologic entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Zenteno
- Servicio de Genética, Hospital General de México-Facultad de Medicina UNAM, Mexico City, México
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Argenziano G, Monsurrò MR, Pazienza R, Delfino M. A case of probable autosomal recessive ectodermal dysplasia with corkscrew hairs and mental retardation in a family with tuberous sclerosis. J Am Acad Dermatol 1998; 38:344-8. [PMID: 9486713 DOI: 10.1016/s0190-9622(98)70580-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We describe a woman with a probable autosomal recessive ectodermal dysplasia with corkscrew hairs and mental retardation in a family with tuberous sclerosis. Other findings included syndactyly, typical facies, dental abnormalities, dermatoglyphic hypoplasia, epidermal ridge sweat pore count slightly below normal, and keratosis pilaris. Clinical studies and genetic analysis excluded the diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis in our patient. We conclude that she has ectodermal dysplasia associated with mental retardation. This association has been described previously; it suggests the possible interrelationship of a community of ectodermal dysplasia syndromes with a distinctive structural hair abnormality (pili torti et canaliculi), variable midfacial malformations, limb defects, and other features such as mental retardation. The similarity of our patient to that described by Whiting et al. and Abramovits-Ackerman et al. suggests the autonomy of this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Argenziano
- Institute of Dermatology, Federico II University of Naples, Italy
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Mancini AJ, Paller AS. What syndrome is this? Ankyloblepharon-ectodermal defects--cleft lip and palate (Hay-Wells) syndrome. Pediatr Dermatol 1997; 14:403-5. [PMID: 9336818 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1470.1997.tb00994.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A J Mancini
- Division of Dermatology, Children's Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Illinois 60614, USA
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Käsmann B, Ruprecht KW. Ocular manifestations in a father and son with EEC syndrome. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 1997; 235:512-6. [PMID: 9285221 DOI: 10.1007/bf00947009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ectrodactyly-ectodermal dysplasia-clefting (EEC) syndrome is a rare disease which follows an autosomal-dominant pattern of inheritance. Due to the ectodermal dysplasia there is atresia of the lacrimal duct system and aplasia of the meibomian glands with a defective tear film. Therefore, vascularized corneal scars often form during early adult life. PATIENTS Father aged 41 years, and son aged 23 months. Both patients: stenosis/atresia of lacrimal duct systems (the father had twice undergone dacryocystorhinostomy externally) with epiphora, lip-palate clefting, syndactylies of fingers and toes, lobster deformities of hands. Additional ophthalmological findings in the father: bilaterally extracted juvenile cataracts with implantation of intraocular lenses, bilateral extensive vascularized corneal scars. Additional dermatological findings in the father: malignant melanoma of the calf, now in complete remission following several operations on the melanoma and several cycles of chemotherapy for the metastases. DISCUSSION AND THERAPEUTIC CONCLUSIONS Father and son show the full clinical picture of the EEC syndrome with clefting, lobster-like deformities of the hands and ectodermal dysplasia with tear duct atresia and aplasia of the meibomian glands with defective tear film. During childhood, the main handicapping features are the clefting and the hand deformities with their respective multiple operative revisions. During early adulthood, however, the ocular problems become the predominantly handicapping aspects of the EEC syndrome; due to the ectodermal dysplasia, vascularized corneal scarring develops. Tearing and secondary inflammation due to lacrimal duct atresia has to be treated by early dacryocystorhinostomy. As secondary infections promote the development of corneal scars, one should not postpone the operation too long. Infections have to be treated promptly by local antibiotics. Because of the aplasia of the meibomian glands, artificial tear substitution should be given on a regular basis to support the defective tear film. Thus, the development of vascularized corneal scars can perhaps be delayed. Once corneal scarring has developed, perforating keratoplasty has a poor prognosis due to the ectodermal dysplasia, the absence of the meibomian glands and the defective tear film. Three factors lead to the formation of vascularized corneal scars: recurrent infections of lid margins and conjunctiva due to obstructed tear ducts; defective tear film with insufficient lipid phase due to the aplasia of the meibomian glands; and primary corneal epithelial defects in the course of the generalized ectodermal dysplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Käsmann
- University Eye Hospital, Homburg (Saar), Germany
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Miller CI, Hashimoto K, Shwayder T, el-Hoshy K, Horton S. What syndrome is this? Ectrodactyly, ectodermal dysplasia, and cleft palate (EEC) syndrome. Pediatr Dermatol 1997; 14:239-40. [PMID: 9192423 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1470.1997.tb00248.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C I Miller
- Department of Dermatology & Syphilology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- S Cliff
- Department of Dermatology, St. Helier Hospital, Carshalton, England
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Bonnar E, Logan P, Eustace P. Absent meibomian glands: a marker for EEC syndrome. Eye (Lond) 1996; 10 ( Pt 3):355-61. [PMID: 8796162 DOI: 10.1038/eye.1996.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A patient with a 20 year history of severe keratoconjunctivitis of unknown origin was found, on assessment at a blepharitis clinic, to have complete absence of meibomian glands. Further examination revealed the features of EEC syndrome. To our knowledge, this is the only case to have been diagnosed in this way. The ocular complications of EEC syndrome and other ectodermal dysplasias are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bonnar
- University Department of Ophthalmology, Mater Misericordiae Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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Rowan DM. Scalp dermatitis, ectodermal dysplasia and cleft lip and palate: rapp-hodgkin or AEC syndrome. Australas J Dermatol 1996; 37:102-3. [PMID: 8687323 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-0960.1996.tb01016.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A female infant with ectodermal dysplasia, bilateral cleft lip and palate and a recalcitrant scalp dermatitis is presented. She had features of both Rapp-Hodgkin syndrome and AEC syndrome. It has recently been suggested in the literature that these two syndrome are the same condition and this case report supports this viewpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Rowan
- Dermatology Clinic, Middlemore Hospital, Otahuhu, Auckland, New Zealand
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Trüeb RM, Bruckner-Tuderman L, Wyss M, Widmer M, Wüthrich B, Burg G. Scalp dermatitis, distinctive hair abnormalities and atopic disease in the ectrodactyly-ectodermal dysplasia-clefting syndrome. Br J Dermatol 1995; 132:621-5. [PMID: 7748757 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1995.tb08722.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We report a 2-year-old girl with a combination of the ectodermal dysplasia, ectrodactyly, cleft lip/palate (EEC) syndrome, distinctive hair abnormalities, scalp dermatitis and atopic disease. To our knowledge, this is the first report of scalp dermatitis in the EEC syndrome. Distinctive structural hair abnormalities shared by the syndromes of ectodermal dysplasia and clefting are helicotrichia, pili torti et canaliculi, and cuticle defects, all of which were observed in the present case. A high incidence of atopic disease in certain subsets of ectodermal dysplasia has been reported. In our patient this manifested as food-induced exacerbation of atopic dermatitis, associated with positive prick tests and significant levels of circulating specific IgE.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Trüeb
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Zürich, Switzerland
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Cambiaghi S, Tadini G, Barbareschi M, Menni S, Caputo R. Rapp-Hodgkin syndrome and AEC syndrome: are they the same entity? Br J Dermatol 1994; 130:97-101. [PMID: 8305327 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1994.tb06891.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Rapp-Hodgkin syndrome and AEC syndrome are two disorders in which ectodermal dysplasia and clefting are associated. Rapp-Hodgkin syndrome is an autosomal dominant condition characterized by cleft lip and palate, peculiar craniofacial features, and ectodermal dysplasia, consisting of abnormalities of teeth, hair, nails and sweating. AEC syndrome manifests the same defects plus ankyloblepharon and a higher frequency of scalp dermatitis. A child affected by ectodermal dysplasia associated with clefting, ankyloblepharon, severe scalp dermatitis, and the characteristic Rapp-Hodgkin facies is reported. The overlap between Rapp-Hodgkin syndrome and AEC syndrome is discussed. Critical review of both disorders suggest that AEC syndrome and Rapp-Hodgkin syndrome represent the same entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Cambiaghi
- 1st Department of Dermatology and Paediatric Dermatology, Policlinico di Milano-IRCCS, University of Milan, Italy
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Abstract
Hay-Wells syndrome is an autosomal dominant condition characterized by ankyloblepharon filiforme adnatum, ectodermal dysplasia, and cleft palate with or without associated cleft lip (AEC syndrome). Although several reported patients had eroded skin at birth and recurrent scalp infections, these are not generally regarded as major features of the disorder. In our experience, denuded skin at birth and chronic scalp erosions complicated by infection are common features of this syndrome. Aggressive wound care in conjunction with early administration of topical or systemic antibiotics is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Vanderhooft
- Department of Medicine (Dermatology), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle 98195
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Arbesfeld D, Thomas I, Janniger CK, Desposito F, Lambert WC, Schwartz RA. Ectrodactyly, ectodermal dysplasia, and cleft palate syndrome: report of a case with generalized telangiectasias. J Am Acad Dermatol 1993; 29:347-50. [PMID: 8340512 DOI: 10.1016/0190-9622(93)70193-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The ectrodactyly, ectodermal dysplasia, and cleft palate syndrome is a rare type of ectodermal dysplasia. It usually occurs either as an autosomal dominant trait or in a sporadic form. We describe a neonate with this syndrome and generalized telangiectasias, an association that, to the best of our knowledge, has not been previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Arbesfeld
- Department of Dermatology, University of Medicine and Dentistry, New Jersey Medical School
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