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Different allelic distribution of a single SNP between sexes in humans. Biochem Genet 2008; 46:733-6. [PMID: 18777093 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-008-9188-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2007] [Accepted: 05/23/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We searched for a difference in allele distribution between males and females of a single nucleotide polymorphism located in the human beta T-cell receptor, in 500 subjects (200 males and 300 females). Genotype analysis gave the following results: among the males, 114 (57%) were heterozygous for the T/C polymorphism, 52 (26%) were homozygous (T/T), and 34 (17%) were homozygous (C/C). Among the females, 142 (47.3%) were heterozygous, 73 (24.3%) were homozygous (T/T), and 85 (28.3%) were homozygous (C/C). The allele frequency was significantly different between sexes (chi2 = 8.799, P = 0.012).
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2
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Tripputi P, Bianchi S, Fedele L. A possible mechanism for non-replication of allelic association between a single nucleotide polymorphism of the human beta T-cell receptor and autoimmune diseases. Int J Immunogenet 2008; 35:141-4. [PMID: 18279372 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-313x.2008.00751.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Gene polymorphisms, in particular single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), have been associated to multifactorial diseases such as cancer, inflammation and autoimmunity. Indeed for some autoimmune diseases, it has been possible to identify critical residues that play a major role in susceptibility to diseases. The association of a common T/C polymorphism in the promoter region of the beta 2 constant chain of the T-cell receptor with autoimmune diseases, such as insulin-dependent diabetes, autoimmune hepatitis, IgA nephropathy, membranous nephropathy, Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis, was described in the 1990 s. These reports have not been confirmed in the last few years. We also failed in a previous study to detect any difference between 70 normal subjects and 70 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis; however, we found a difference in allelic frequency between males and females. This finding led us to make an allele frequency study of this single nucleotide polymorphism between sexes in a new series of patients. We studied 165 subjects, 80 males and 85 females, and we found a significant difference between sexes especially for the CC homozygous genotype: 34% of females vs. 14% of males (P = 0.008). If the higher frequency of CC homozygous genotype (that is associated with an increased risk of autoimmune diseases) in females would be confirmed in normal population, this could be an explanation of the controversial results obtained by association studies made between this SNP and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Tripputi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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3
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Kaur G, Sarkar N, Bhatnagar S, Kumar S, Rapthap CC, Bhan MK, Mehra NK. Pediatric celiac disease in India is associated with multiple DR3-DQ2 haplotypes. Hum Immunol 2002; 63:677-82. [PMID: 12121676 DOI: 10.1016/s0198-8859(02)00413-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The role of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) DQ2 heterodimer (DQA1*0501-DQB1*0201) in presenting gluten peptides to effector T cells in celiac disease (CD) has been well documented. Because HLA-DQ2 is carried on DR3 haplotypes due to linkage disequilibrium, such haplotypes are encountered more frequently in patients with autoimmune disease. This study analyzed 35 North Indian children below 15 years of age and diagnosed to have CD as per the ESPGAN criteria, which included histopathologic alterations in duodenal biopsies, clinical response to gluten withdrawal, and presence of antiendomysial antibodies. The HLA class I and class II alleles were determined by polymerase chain reaction-sequence-specific primers, sequence-specific oligonucleotide probe, and reverse line strip molecular techniques. A statistically significant positive association of the disease with HLA-DRB1*03 (94.2% versus 22.1% in controls, chi(2) = 73.4, p = 7.54E-11), and a negative association with DRB1*15 (chi(2) = 7.4, p = 6.5E-03) and DRB1*13 alleles was observed. The HLA-DQB1*0201 was observed in all the 35 patients (100%), whereas the DQ2 heterodimer alpha(0)beta(0) occurred in 97.1% of CD patients (31.4% in double dose, 65.7% in single dose) and revealed significant deviation from healthy controls (chi(2) = 102.08, p = 7.56E-11). Further analysis revealed involvement of multiple DR3+ve haplotypes with CD in Indians, of which A26-B8-DR3 was the most common DR3 haplotype among patients (34.28%, chi(2) = 40.57, p = 2.65E-10) followed by Ax-B21-DR3 (11.4%) (chi(2) = 13.8, p = 2E-04) and the classical Caucasian haplotype A1-B8-DR3 (5.7%). The former two haplotypes are characteristic of Asian Indians and are involved in the development of CD. We conclude that the high risk DR3 haplotypes that play a crucial role in the development of CD are unique in Asian Indians. Detailed analysis of these haplotypes in Indian patients with autoimmune diseases may help understand the influence of other intervening genes within the major histocompatibility complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurvinder Kaur
- Department of Transplant Immunology and Immunogenetics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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4
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McDermott MF, Schmidt-Wolf G, Sinha AA, Koo M, Porter MA, Briant L, Cambon-Thomsen A, Maclaren NK, Fiske D, Bertera S, Trucco M, Amos CI, McDevitt HO, Kastner DL. No linkage or association of telomeric and centromeric T-cell receptor beta-chain markers with susceptibility to type 1 insulin-dependent diabetes in HLA-DR4 multiplex families. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOGENETICS : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE BRITISH SOCIETY FOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY AND IMMUNOGENETICS 1996; 23:361-70. [PMID: 8909943 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-313x.1996.tb00009.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The T-cell receptor beta locus (TCRB) on chromosome 7q35 was studied as a candidate region for genetic susceptibility to type 1 insulin-dependent diabetes (IDDM). A highly polymorphic microsatellite marker mapping to the TCRBV6.7 gene and a TCRB C-region RFLP were used to genotype the members of a total of 21 multiplex IDDM families from two different geographical areas. There was no evidence to support linkage to either of these markers with IDDM, and conventional two-point analysis excluded linkage to the telomeric end of the TCRB complex, in the region of the highly informative TCRBV6.7 marker. There was significant linkage of IDDM to the class II HLA-D locus with significant lod scores > 3.0 obtained for the HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1 genes. Affected sib-pair (ASP) and transmission disequilibrium (TDT) association tests confirmed these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F McDermott
- Arthritis and Rheumatism Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
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5
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Kay RA. TCR gene polymorphisms and autoimmune disease. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOGENETICS : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE BRITISH SOCIETY FOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY AND IMMUNOGENETICS 1996; 23:161-77. [PMID: 8732480 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-313x.1996.tb00279.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmunity may result from abnormal regulation within the immune system. As the T cell is the principal regulator of the immune system and its normal function depends on immune recognition or self/non-self discrimination, abnormalities of the idiotypic T-cell receptor (TCR) may be one cause of autoimmune disease. The TCR is a clonally distributed, cell-surface heterodimer which binds peptide antigen when complexed with HLA molecules. In order to recognize the variety of antigens it may possibly encounter, the TCR, by necessity, is a diverse structure. As with immunoglobulin, it is the variable domain of the TCR which interacts with antigen and exhibits the greatest amount of amino acid variability. The underlying genetic basis for this structural diversity is similar to that described for immunoglobulin, with TCR diversity relying on the somatic recombination, in a randomly imprecise manner, of smaller gene segments to form a functional gene. There are a large number of gene segments to choose from (particularly the TCRAV, TCRAJ and TCRBV gene segments) and some of these also exhibit allelic variation. Finally, polymorphisms in non-coding regions of TCR genes, leading to biased recombination or expression, are also beginning to be recognized. All these factors contribute to the polymorphic nature of the TCR, in terms of both structure and repertoire formation. It follows that inherited abnormalities in either coding or regulatory regions of TCR genes may predispose to aberrant T-cell function and autoimmune disease. This review will outline the genomic organization of the TCR genes, the genetic mechanisms responsible for the generation of diversity, and the results of investigations into the association between germline polymorphisms and autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Kay
- Department of Pathology, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee, UK
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6
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Roschmann E, Wienker TF, Volk BA. Role of T cell receptor delta gene in susceptibility to celiac disease. J Mol Med (Berl) 1996; 74:93-8. [PMID: 8820404 DOI: 10.1007/bf00196784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
There is a strong genetic influence on the susceptibility to celiac disease. Although in the vast majority of patients with celiac disease, the HLA-DQ(alpha1*0501, beta1*0201) heterodimer encoded by the alleles HLA-DQA1*0501 and HLA-DQB1*0201 seems to confer the primary disease susceptibility, it cannot be excluded that other genes contribute to disease susceptibility, as indicated by the difference in concordance rates between monozygotic twins and HLA identical siblings (70% vs. 30%). Obviously other genes involved in the genetic control of T cell mediated immune response could potentially influence susceptibility to celiac disease. The density of T cells using the gammadelta T cell receptor (TCR) is considerably increased in the jejunal epithelium of patients with celiac disease, an abnormality considered to be specific for celiac disease. This suggests an involvement of gammadelta T cells in the pathogenesis of the disease. To ascertain whether the TCR delta (TCRD) gene contributes to celiac disease susceptibility we carried out an association study and genetic linkage analysis using a highly polymorphic microsatellite marker at the TCRD locus on chromosome 14q11.2. The association study demonstrated no significant difference in allele frequencies of the TCRD gene marker between celiac disease patients and controls; accordingly, the relative risk estimates did not reach the level of statistical significance. In the linkage analysis, performed in 23 families, the logarithm of the odds (LOD) scores calculated for celiac disease versus the TCRD gene marker excluded linkage, suggesting that there is no determinant contributing to celiac disease status at or 5 cM distant to the analyzed TCRD gene marker. In conclusion, the results of the present study provide no evidence that the analyzed TCRD gene contributes substantially to celiac disease susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Roschmann
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Freiburg, Germany
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7
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Arai T, Michalski JP, McCombs CC, Elston RC, McCarthy CF, Stevens FM. T cell receptor gamma gene polymorphisms and class II human lymphocyte antigen genotypes in patients with celiac disease from the west of Ireland. Am J Med Sci 1995; 309:171-8. [PMID: 7879822 DOI: 10.1097/00000441-199503000-00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Although celiac disease has one of the strongest human lymphocyte antigen (HLA) class II associations of any human illness, it is clear that at least one gene that is not linked to the HLA region also is required for its pathogenesis. The occurrence of large numbers of gamma delta T cells in the bowel mucosa of patients and the recent description of T cell receptor (TCR) gamma chain polymorphic variants identified by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis led the authors to examine TCR gamma genotypes in relation to HLA-DR, DQ genotypes in 89 patients with celiac disease and 55 control subjects from the West of Ireland. The overall frequency of TCR gamma genotypes in patients and control subjects was comparable. However, most of the patients had 1 of 3 HLA-DR3 genotypes (DR3/15, 3/7, or 3/3), and there was a significant alteration of the expected frequency of TCR gamma genotypes among patients with these three genotypes. The major differences were an increased association of HLA-DR3 homozygosity, with TCR gamma genotypes having a 16.0 kb fragment and an increased frequency of DR3/7 heterozygosity and decreased frequency of DR3/15 heterozygosity, respectively, in association with the TCR gamma 13.0/11.3 kb genotype. Based on their results, there is the possibility that an interaction between the products of two polymorphic and unlinked gene regions contributes to the pathogenesis of celiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Arai
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile 36688
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8
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Falorni A, Kockum I, Sanjeevi CB, Lernmark A. Pathogenesis of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. BAILLIERE'S CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 1995; 9:25-46. [PMID: 7726797 DOI: 10.1016/s0950-351x(95)80803-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is strongly associated with certain HLA types and the presence of islet cell-specific autoantibodies. The pathogenesis is a specific loss of pancreatic beta cells. The dissection of IDDM genes is complicated by the low recurrence rate of the disease among first-degree relatives. HLA-DQ2 and 8 are closest to IDDM with a marked synergistic effect of DQ2/8 heterozygotes. The associations with other HLA genes are often explained by linkage disequilibrium. Genetic factors on other chromosomes which influence the pathogenesis are still to be fully identified but candidates are on chromosomes 11 (insulin gene polymorphisms) and 7 (TCR gene polymorphisms). The autoreactivity against the GAD65 isoform is pronounced both before and at the clinical onset of IDDM. GAD65 autoantibodies show the highest predictive value and may represent an initiating autoantigen. Autoantibodies to numerous other beta cell autoantigens are detected at the clinical onset but may represent a secondary response and antigen spreading during a sustained autoimmune attack on the beta cells. The role of T cells in human IDDM is yet to be defined. GAD65 and other islet autoantibodies have a low positive predictive value for IDDM and further investigations are needed to clarify ways to predict IDDM in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Falorni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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9
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Lee BW, Tan J, Yap HK, Wong SC, Poh KS, Lee KO. Restriction fragment length polymorphism of the T cell receptor beta-chain gene in Chinese patients with thyrotoxic hypokaleamic periodic paralysis and Graves' disease. Autoimmunity 1995; 21:241-4. [PMID: 8852514 DOI: 10.3109/08916939509001942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of the T cell receptor beta-chain gene was studied in two groups of Chinese thyrotoxic patients, those with thyrotoxic hypokaleamic periodic paralysis (THPP) and those with Graves' Disease (GD). DNA digested with restriction enzymes Bgl II, Bam HI, Eco RI, Pvu II and Taq I were hybridized to a 770 bp TcR beta cDNA probe containing the joining (J) and constant (C) region segments. The TcR beta/Bgl II polymorphism of 9.2 kb and 10 kb fragments were observed in THPP, GD and normal controls. The genotype frequencies of this polymorphism, however, did not differ between patients (THPP or GD) and controls. These results, therefore, do not support the presence of an association between the TCR beta/Bgl II RFLP and THPP nor with GD susceptibility. Finally, restriction analysis of DNA from our patients and normal controls using enzymes Bam HI, Eco RI, Pvu II and Taq I with the T cell receptor beta-chain gene did not show polymorphisms, and were therefore not informative.
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Affiliation(s)
- B W Lee
- Department of Paediatrics, National University of Singapore. paeleebw@leonis nus.sg
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10
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Vandevyver C, Gu XX, Geusens P, Spaepen M, Philippaerts L, Cassiman JJ, Raus J. HLA class II and T-cell receptor beta chain polymorphisms in Belgian patients with rheumatoid arthritis: no evidence for disease association with the TCRBC2, TCRBV8 and TCRBV11 polymorphisms. Ann Rheum Dis 1994; 53:580-6. [PMID: 7979596 PMCID: PMC1005409 DOI: 10.1136/ard.53.9.580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate whether T-cell receptor (TCR) beta chain germline alleles, either alone or in combination with a particular HLA-genotype, are associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS Three restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs), detected with TCR constant (TCRBC2) and variable (TCRBV8, TCRBV11) gene segments were analysed in a representative group of Belgian, HLA class II-typed patients with RA, and in a group of Belgian control subjects. RESULTS The study confirmed the known association of RA with the HLA-DRB1*0401/0404 genotype (RR = 2.14, 95% CI = 1.16-4.00) in the Belgian RA population. This association was even more pronounced in the patients with more severe RA (RR = 3.26, 95% CI = 1.55-6.89). These data suggest that the HLA-DRB1*04 genotype can be used as a marker for disease severity. Similar frequencies in patients and controls were observed for all TCRB RFLPs studied, and this was in spite of subgrouping the RA population according to criteria for disease stratification. CONCLUSION While a clear association with HLA DRB1*0401/0404 is observed, no interactive effects were seen with RA, DR4, TCRBC2 and TCRBV alleles, implying that the combined presence of these polymorphic markers does not cause an increased susceptibility to RA, and does not predispose for more aggressive RA, nor for familial aggregation of the disease. These results argue against the hypothesis that TCRB polymorphisms play a crucial role in the susceptibility for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Vandevyver
- Department of Immunology/Biotechnology, Dr L Willems-Instituut, Diepenbeek, Belgium
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11
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Rodriguez M, Nabozny GH, Thiemann RL, David CS. Influence of deletion of T cell receptor V beta genes on the Theiler's virus model of multiple sclerosis. Autoimmunity 1994; 19:221-30. [PMID: 7578848 DOI: 10.3109/08916939409071347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
To determine the role of TCR V beta genes in a model of multiple sclerosis (MS), we studied Theiler's virus infection in congenic mice with deletion of TCR V beta chromosome. Congenic mice expressing the V beta a [50% deletion of TCR V beta] or V beta c 70% deletion of TCR V beta] haplotype were generated in mice resistant [B10 (H-2b)], intermediate [B10.K (H-2k), B10.RIII (H-2r)] or susceptible [B10.S (H-2s), and B10.Q (H-2q)] to Theiler's virus induced demyelination. Deletion of TCR V beta genes (V beta a or V beta c) did not convert B10 or B10.K congenic mice to susceptibility. In contrast, congenic B10.RIII-V beta c developed prominent demyelination and 10- to 100-fold increase in virus-antigen expression in spinal cord compared to B10.RIII mice. No effect on the extent of demyelination was observed in B10.S-V beta a, B10.S-V beta c or B10.Q-V beta c mice. These experiments illustrate the critical interactions between MHC, TCR, and background genes in susceptibility to immune-mediated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rodriguez
- Mayo Clinic/Foundation, Dept. of Immunology, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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12
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Roschmann E, Wienker TF, Gerok W, Volk BA. T-cell receptor variable genes and genetic susceptibility to celiac disease: an association and linkage study. Gastroenterology 1993; 105:1790-6. [PMID: 8253354 DOI: 10.1016/0016-5085(93)91077-u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic susceptibility of celiac disease is primarily associated with a particular combination of and HLA-DQA1/DQB1 gene; however, this does not fully account for the genetic predisposition. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine whether T-cell receptor (TCR) genes may be susceptibility genes in celiac disease. METHODS HLA class II typing was performed by polymerase chain reaction amplification in combination with sequence-specific oligonucleotide hybridization. TCR alpha (TCRA), TCR gamma (TCRG), and TCR beta (TCRB) loci were investigated by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. RESULTS Allelic frequencies of TCRA, TCRG, and TCRB variable genes were compared between patients with celiac disease (n = 53) and control patients (n = 67), and relative risk (RR) estimates were calculated. The RR was 1.67 for allele C1 at TCRA1, 3.35 for allele D2 at TCRA2, 1.66 for allele B2 at TCRG, and 1.35 for allele B at TCRB, showing no significant association. Additionally, linkage analysis was performed in 23 families. The logarithm of odd scores for celiac disease vs. the TCR variable genes at TCRA, TCRG, and TCRB showed no significant linkage. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that the analyzed TCR variable gene segments V alpha 1.2, V gamma 11, and V beta 8 do not play a major role in susceptibility to celiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Roschmann
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Freiburg, Germany
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13
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Martínez-Naves E, Peña M, López-Larrea C. T-cell receptor alpha, delta, and gamma chain genes in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOGENETICS : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE BRITISH SOCIETY FOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY AND IMMUNOGENETICS 1993; 20:317-25. [PMID: 9098400 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-313x.1993.tb00151.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the genotypic, haplotypic, and allelic distribution of germline Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) of T-cell receptor (Tcr) alpha, gamma, and delta loci in 75 insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) patients and 84 healthy blood donors as control population. The restriction endonuclease PvuII produces three allelic fragments of Tcr C gamma (TcrCG) gene segment of 16, 13, and 11.3 Kb respectively. Our observations revealed that PvuII/TcrCG RFLP allelic distributions were not significantly different in the IDDM and the control group. However, 85% of IDDM patients carried HLA DR3 and/or DR4 haplotypes, and when comparing these patients with a second group of HLA DR3+ and/or DR4+ healthy individuals, the 11.3 Kb/PvuII fragment of TcrCG gene was found to be associated with IDDM patients (chi 2 = 11.4, P = 0.003). 54.9% of IDDM patients carried at least one 11.3 Kb allele vs. 21% in controls (chi 2 = 10.77, P = 0.004). No significant association was found between RFLP in Tcr, C alpha, C delta, V gamma 9 loci and IDDM.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Alleles
- Case-Control Studies
- Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/immunology
- Gene Frequency
- Genetic Markers
- Genotype
- HLA-DR3 Antigen/genetics
- HLA-DR4 Antigen/genetics
- Haplotypes
- Humans
- Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/genetics
- Spain
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Affiliation(s)
- E Martínez-Naves
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
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14
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Abstract
The overrepresentation of particular HLA alleles in patients with celiac disease was first noted two decades ago. Several lines of evidence obtained during the last years strongly suggest that a particular HLA-DQ heterodimer, encoded by the DQA1*0501 and DQB1*0201 genes in cis or trans configuration, confers the primary disease susceptibility. This paper reviews the evidence behind this concept and discusses how this particular DQ molecule may be involved in the pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Sollid
- Institute of Transplantation Immunology, University of Oslo, National Hospital, Norway
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15
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Abstract
Insulin-dependent (type 1) diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is a multifactorial disease with a strong genetic component. The majority of the genetic component can be explained by associations between IDDM and genes in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). The best single marker for IDDM is based on amino acid polymorphism of the HLA-DQ gene. Current evidence, however, indicates that the MHC susceptibility to IDDM is determined by a combination of HLA class I, II and III genes contained on HLA haplotypes. A non-MHC genetic component to IDDM also exists. To date, the most consistent association is between IDDM and markers of the insulin gene locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Hitman
- Medical Unit, Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel, UK
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16
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Hibberd ML, Millward BA, Wong FS, Demaine AG. T-cell receptor constant beta chain polymorphisms and susceptibility to type 1 diabetes. Diabet Med 1992; 9:929-33. [PMID: 1478038 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.1992.tb01733.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Several groups have previously shown that the T-cell receptor (TCR) constant-beta (C beta) chain locus is associated with susceptibility to Type 1 diabetes, although other studies have failed to show this. We have extended these studies by investigating 125 individuals with Type 1 diabetes and failed to confirm the significantly increased frequency of the 10;9.2 kb TCR-C beta/Bgl-II genotype in our patient population. However, further analysis showed that the 10;9.2 kb TCR-C beta genotype was significantly increased in those patients with no microvascular complications after 20 years of diabetes compared to those patients with complications (proteinuria, overt neuropathy, and moderate or severe retinopathy) 69.2% vs 31.7%, respectively, p < 0.005 Pc = 0.025). Similar results were also found in a second group of 74 patients who were analysed in the same way. Hence, the failure of some investigators to confirm the association between TCR-C beta and Type I diabetes may be due to heterogeneity in the patient populations being studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Hibberd
- Department of Medicine, King's College School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Hall
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
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18
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Demaine A, Hibberd M, Wong S, Millward A. TCR germline polymorphisms in diabetes. IMMUNOLOGY TODAY 1992; 13:465. [PMID: 1476603 DOI: 10.1016/0167-5699(92)90080-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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19
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Hansen T, Rønningen KS, Ploski R, Kimura A, Thorsby E. Coding region polymorphisms of human T-cell receptor V beta 6.9 and V beta 21.4. Scand J Immunol 1992; 36:285-90. [PMID: 1386940 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.1992.tb03101.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Two new TCRV beta coding region polymorphisms were identified: V beta 6.9a/b and V beta 21.4a/b. In both cases, a single nucleotide difference gives rise to an amino acid exchange. Genomic typing by the PCR/sequence-specific oligonucleotide probing technique was performed to study a possible contribution of these two new polymorphisms in susceptibility to autoimmune diseases. However, there was no association with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis or coeliac disease. On the other hand, significant differences were found between Caucasoid and Oriental populations in frequencies of the V beta 6.9 and V beta 21.4 alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hansen
- Institute of Transplantation Immunology, National Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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20
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Mazzola G, Berrino M, Bersanti M, D'Alfonso S, Cappello N, Bottaro A, Curtoni ES, Fusco P, Vallati M, Bundino S. Immunoglobulin and HLA-DP genes contribute to the susceptibility to juvenile dermatitis herpetiformis. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOGENETICS : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE BRITISH SOCIETY FOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY AND IMMUNOGENETICS 1992; 19:129-39. [PMID: 1627534 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-313x.1992.tb00052.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
HLA-DQ genes and gluten diet are the main factors involved in the pathogenesis of Dermatitis Herpetiformis (DH), as well as Coeliac Disease (CD). However other genetic factors are probably relevant, since about 10% of the patients with DH and CD lack the DQA1*0501/B1*0201 heterodimer while the majority of individuals presenting this genotype and also being exposed to gluten diets did not suffer from these diseases. To evaluate the role of other genes, 36 Northern Italian children with DH were analysed for DNA polymorphisms at HLA-DP and immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy chain loci. DPA1*0201 and DPB1*1301 frequencies were higher in patients than in controls (Pc = 0.0357 and Pc = 0.0273). With respect to immunoglobulin heavy chain restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP), the 4.6 kb SacI RFLP at the switch alpha 2 gene was more frequent in patients (0.13) than in controls (0.019; Pc = 0.036). Moreover, rare alleles or duplications in the switch regions occurred more frequently in the patients than in the controls. These results support the hypothesis of a multifactorial inheritance of DH, the HLA and Ig constant heavy chain genes being some of the loci contributing to the susceptibility. In accordance with previous CD studies, these data also confirm that DP subregion is probably involved in the pathogenesis of DH.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Mazzola
- Dipartimento di Genetica, University of Turin, Italy
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21
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Abstract
Genetic studies of experimental models of autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus-like syndromes and organ-specific autoimmunity, provide major information on genetic control of autoimmune diseases. In addition to genes known to be linked to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), these studies point to multiple genes located outside the MHC that influence the onset and the progression of autoimmune diseases. Identification of these genes and of their interrelationships is now a major task that will be facilitated by recent progress in molecular biology and gene mapping. Among candidate genes, antigen-receptor genes (i.e., immunoglobulin- and T-cell receptor genes) most likely contribute an important part of the autoimmune susceptibility in several of these animal models. Available linkage data suggest a similar involvement of these antigen-receptor genes in several human autoimmune diseases. In addition to a better understanding of pathogenic mechanisms associated with autoimmunity, the knowledge of these disease-predisposing genes is expected to permit a better classification of often complex syndromes as well as the design of new treatments.
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22
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Martínez-Naves E, Coto E, Gutiérrez V, Urra JM, Setién F, Domínguez O, Hood LE, López-Larrea C. Germline repertoire of T-cell receptor beta-chain genes in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Hum Immunol 1991; 31:77-80. [PMID: 1676706 DOI: 10.1016/0198-8859(91)90008-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the genotype and allelic distribution of germline restriction fragment length polymorphisms of the T-cell receptor beta chain, segment C beta, and two variable segments which are in linkage disequilibrium, V beta 8 and V beta 11, in 42 insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) patients and in 51 healthy blood donors used as controls. Recently, several works have reported contradictory results showing or not showing an association between polymorphic alleles of the C beta gene and diabetes type I. We found no significant differences in the allele, genotype, and haplotype distribution of the gene segments studied, between IDDM patients and control populations.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Alleles
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- DNA/analysis
- DNA Probes
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/genetics
- Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
- Genotype
- Haplotypes
- Humans
- Infant
- Infant, Newborn
- Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta
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23
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Maksymowych WP, Gabriel CA, Luyrink L, Van Kerckhove C, Leiden J, Choi E, Glass DN. Polymorphic markers related to a single Tcrb-V6 gene segment. Immunogenetics 1991; 33:281-5. [PMID: 1673963 DOI: 10.1007/bf00230507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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