1
|
Sundararaj R, Mathimaran A, Prabhu D, Ramachandran B, Jeyaraman J, Muthupandian S, Asmelash T. In silico approaches for the identification of potential allergens among hypothetical proteins from Alternaria alternata and its functional annotation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6696. [PMID: 38509156 PMCID: PMC10954717 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55463-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Direct exposure to the fungal species Alternaria alternata is a major risk factor for the development of asthma, allergic rhinitis, and inflammation. As of November 23rd 2020, the NCBI protein database showed 11,227 proteins from A. alternata genome as hypothetical proteins (HPs). Allergens are the main causative of several life-threatening diseases, especially in fungal infections. Therefore, the main aim of the study is to identify the potentially allergenic inducible proteins from the HPs in A. alternata and their associated functional assignment for the complete understanding of the complex biological systems at the molecular level. AlgPred and Structural Database of Allergenic Proteins (SDAP) were used for the prediction of potential allergens from the HPs of A. alternata. While analyzing the proteome data, 29 potential allergens were predicted by AlgPred and further screening in SDAP confirmed the allergic response of 10 proteins. Extensive bioinformatics tools including protein family classification, sequence-function relationship, protein motif discovery, pathway interactions, and intrinsic features from the amino acid sequence were used to successfully predict the probable functions of the 10 HPs. The functions of the HPs are characterized as chitin-binding, ribosomal protein P1, thaumatin, glycosyl hydrolase, and NOB1 proteins. The subcellular localization and signal peptide prediction of these 10 proteins has further provided additional information on localization and function. The allergens prediction and functional annotation of the 10 proteins may facilitate a better understanding of the allergenic mechanism of A. alternata in asthma and other diseases. The functional domain level insights and predicted structural features of the allergenic proteins help to understand the pathogenesis and host immune tolerance. The outcomes of the study would aid in the development of specific drugs to combat A. alternata infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajamanikandan Sundararaj
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Drug Discovery, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, 641021, India
| | - Amala Mathimaran
- Structural Biology and Biocomputing Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630 004, India
| | - Dhamodharan Prabhu
- Department of Biotechnology, Centre for Drug Discovery, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, 641021, India
| | - Balajee Ramachandran
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Biophysics, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, 700 Albany Street, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Jeyakanthan Jeyaraman
- Structural Biology and Biocomputing Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630 004, India
| | - Saravanan Muthupandian
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, 600077, India
| | - Tsehaye Asmelash
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Siodmak A, Martinez-Seidel F, Rayapuram N, Bazin J, Alhoraibi H, Gentry-Torfer D, Tabassum N, Sheikh AH, Kise J, Blilou I, Crespi M, Kopka J, Hirt H. Dynamics of ribosome composition and ribosomal protein phosphorylation in immune signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:11876-11892. [PMID: 37823590 PMCID: PMC10681734 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In plants, the detection of microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) induces primary innate immunity by the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). We show here that the MAMP-activated MAPK MPK6 not only modulates defense through transcriptional regulation but also via the ribosomal protein translation machinery. To understand the effects of MPK6 on ribosomes and their constituent ribosomal proteins (RPs), polysomes, monosomes and the phosphorylation status of the RPs, MAMP-treated WT and mpk6 mutant plants were analysed. MAMP-activation induced rapid changes in RP composition of monosomes, polysomes and in the 60S ribosomal subunit in an MPK6-specific manner. Phosphoproteome analysis showed that MAMP-activation of MPK6 regulates the phosphorylation status of the P-stalk ribosomal proteins by phosphorylation of RPP0 and the concomitant dephosphorylation of RPP1 and RPP2. These events coincide with a significant decrease in the abundance of ribosome-bound RPP0s, RPP1s and RPP3s in polysomes. The P-stalk is essential in regulating protein translation by recruiting elongation factors. Accordingly, we found that RPP0C mutant plants are compromised in basal resistance to Pseudomonas syringae infection. These data suggest that MAMP-induced defense also involves MPK6-induced regulation of P-stalk proteins, highlighting a new role of ribosomal regulation in plant innate immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Siodmak
- Center for Desert Agriculture, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Federico Martinez-Seidel
- Willmitzer Department, Max Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
- School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Naganand Rayapuram
- Center for Desert Agriculture, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jeremie Bazin
- CNRS, INRA, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, Univ Paris Sud, Univ Evry, Univ Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cite, Universite Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Hanna Alhoraibi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, 21551 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dione Gentry-Torfer
- Willmitzer Department, Max Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
- School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Naheed Tabassum
- Center for Desert Agriculture, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arsheed H Sheikh
- Center for Desert Agriculture, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - José Kenyi González Kise
- Center for Desert Agriculture, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ikram Blilou
- Center for Desert Agriculture, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Martin Crespi
- CNRS, INRA, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, Univ Paris Sud, Univ Evry, Univ Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cite, Universite Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Joachim Kopka
- Willmitzer Department, Max Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Heribert Hirt
- Center for Desert Agriculture, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Dr. Bohrgasse 9, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hul LM, Ibelli AMG, Peixoto JDO, Souza MR, Savoldi IR, Marcelino DEP, Tremea M, Ledur MC. Reference genes for proximal femoral epiphysiolysis expression studies in broilers cartilage. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238189. [PMID: 32841273 PMCID: PMC7447007 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of reference genes is required for relative quantification in gene expression analysis and the stability of these genes can be variable depending on the experimental design. Therefore, it is indispensable to test the reliability of endogenous genes previously to their use. This study evaluated nine candidate reference genes to select the most stable genes to be used as reference in gene expression studies with the femoral cartilage of normal and epiphysiolysis-affected broilers. The femur articular cartilage of 29 male broilers with 35 days of age was collected, frozen and further submitted to RNA extraction and quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis. The candidate reference genes evaluated were GAPDH, HMBS, HPRT1, MRPS27, MRPS30, RPL30, RPL4, RPL5, and RPLP1. For the gene stability evaluation, three software were used: GeNorm, BestKeeper and NormFinder, and a global ranking was generated using the function RankAggreg. In this study, the RPLP1 and RPL5 were the most reliable endogenous genes being recommended for expression studies with femur cartilage in broilers with epiphysiolysis and possible other femur anomalies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Mudri Hul
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Guarapuava, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Adriana Mércia Guaratini Ibelli
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Guarapuava, Paraná, Brazil
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Concórdia, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Jane de Oliveira Peixoto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Guarapuava, Paraná, Brazil
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Concórdia, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Mayla Regina Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, UDESC-Oeste, Chapecó, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Igor Ricardo Savoldi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, UDESC-Oeste, Chapecó, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Mateus Tremea
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, campus Palmeira das Missões, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mônica Corrêa Ledur
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Concórdia, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, UDESC-Oeste, Chapecó, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
The large ribosomal subunit has a distinct feature, the stalk, extending outside the ribosome. In bacteria it is called the L12 stalk. The base of the stalk is protein uL10 to which two or three dimers of proteins bL12 bind. In archea and eukarya P1 and P2 proteins constitute the stalk. All these extending proteins, that have a high degree of flexibility due to a hinge between their N- and C-terminal parts, are essential for proper functionalization of some of the translation factors. The role of the stalk proteins has remained enigmatic for decades but is gradually approaching an understanding. In this review we summarise the knowhow about the structure and function of the ribosomal stalk till date starting from the early phase of ribosome research.
Collapse
|
5
|
Sadeghi H, Golalipour M, Yamchi A, Farazmandfar T, Shahbazi M. CDC25A pathway toward tumorigenesis: Molecular targets of CDC25A in cell-cycle regulation. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:2919-2928. [PMID: 30443958 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The cell division cycle 25 (CDC25) phosphatases regulate key transitions between cell-cycle phases during normal cell division, and in the case of DNA damage, they are key targets of the checkpoint machinery that ensure genetic stability. Little is known about the mechanisms underlying dysregulation and downstream targets of CDC25. To understand these mechanisms, we silenced the CDC25A gene in breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 and studied downstream targets of CDC25A gene. MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells were transfected and silenced by CDC25A small interfering RNA. Total messenger RNA (mRNA) was extracted and analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. CDC25A phosphatase level was visualized by Western blot analysis and was analyzed by 2D electrophoresis and LC-ESI-MS/MS. After CDC25A silencing, cell proliferation reduced, and the expression of 12 proteins changed. These proteins are involved in cell-cycle regulation, programmed cell death, cell differentiation, regulation of gene expression, mRNA editing, protein folding, and cell signaling pathways. Five of these proteins, including ribosomal protein lateral stalk subunit P0, growth factor receptor bound protein 2, pyruvate kinase muscle 2, eukaryotic translation elongation factor 2, and calpain small subunit 1 increase the activity of cyclin D1. Our results suggest that CDC25A controls the cell proliferation and tumorigenesis by a change in expression of proteins involved in cyclin D1 regulation and G1/S transition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Sadeghi
- Department of Genetics, Medical Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Masoud Golalipour
- Department of Genetics, Medical Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Ahad Yamchi
- Department of Biotechnology, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Touraj Farazmandfar
- Department of Genetics, Medical Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Majid Shahbazi
- Department of Genetics, Medical Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ji CY, Jin R, Xu Z, Kim HS, Lee CJ, Kang L, Kim SE, Lee HU, Lee JS, Kang CH, Chi YH, Lee SY, Xie Y, Li H, Ma D, Kwak SS. Overexpression of Arabidopsis P3B increases heat and low temperature stress tolerance in transgenic sweetpotato. BMC Plant Biol 2017; 17:139. [PMID: 28806972 PMCID: PMC5557506 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-017-1087-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas [L.] Lam) is suitable for growth on marginal lands due to its abiotic stress tolerance. However, severe environmental conditions including low temperature pose a serious threat to the productivity and expanded cultivation of this crop. In this study, we aimed to develop sweetpotato plants with enhanced tolerance to temperature stress. RESULTS P3 proteins are plant-specific ribosomal P-proteins that act as both protein and RNA chaperones to increase heat and cold stress tolerance in Arabidopsis. Here, we generated transgenic sweetpotato plants expressing the Arabidopsis ribosomal P3 (AtP3B) gene under the control of the CaMV 35S promoter (referred to as OP plants). Three OP lines (OP1, OP30, and OP32) were selected based on AtP3B transcript levels. The OP plants displayed greater heat tolerance and higher photosynthesis efficiency than wild type (WT) plants. The OP plants also exhibited enhanced low temperature tolerance, with higher photosynthesis efficiency and less membrane permeability than WT plants. In addition, OP plants had lower levels of hydrogen peroxide and higher activities of antioxidant enzymes such as peroxidase and catalase than WT plants under low temperature stress. The yields of tuberous roots and aerial parts of plants did not significantly differ between OP and WT plants under field cultivation. However, the tuberous roots of OP transgenic sweetpotato showed improved storage ability under low temperature conditions. CONCLUSIONS The OP plants developed in this study exhibited increased tolerance to temperature stress and enhanced storage ability under low temperature compared to WT plants, suggesting that they could be used to enhance sustainable agriculture on marginal lands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Yoon Ji
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Daejeon, 34113, South Korea
| | - Rong Jin
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Daejeon, 34113, South Korea
- Sweetpotato Research Center, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Xuhuai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221131, China
| | - Zhen Xu
- Sweetpotato Research Center, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Xuhuai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221131, China
| | - Ho Soo Kim
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Chan-Ju Lee
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Daejeon, 34113, South Korea
| | - Le Kang
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Daejeon, 34113, South Korea
| | - So-Eun Kim
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Daejeon, 34113, South Korea
| | - Hyeong-Un Lee
- Bioenergy Crop Research Center, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Muan, 58545, South Korea
| | - Joon Seol Lee
- Bioenergy Crop Research Center, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Muan, 58545, South Korea
| | - Chang Ho Kang
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus program) and Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinjudae-ro, Jinju, 52828, South Korea
| | - Yong Hun Chi
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus program) and Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinjudae-ro, Jinju, 52828, South Korea
| | - Sang Yeol Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus program) and Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinjudae-ro, Jinju, 52828, South Korea
| | - Yiping Xie
- Sweetpotato Research Center, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Xuhuai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221131, China
| | - Hongmin Li
- Sweetpotato Research Center, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Xuhuai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221131, China
| | - Daifu Ma
- Sweetpotato Research Center, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Xuhuai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221131, China
| | - Sang-Soo Kwak
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea.
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Daejeon, 34113, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fan X, Zhu Y, Wang C, Niu L, Teng M, Li X. Structural insights into the interaction of the ribosomal P stalk protein P2 with a type II ribosome-inactivating protein ricin. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37803. [PMID: 27886256 PMCID: PMC5122897 DOI: 10.1038/srep37803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ricin is a type II ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP) that depurinates A4324 at the sarcin-ricin loop of 28 S ribosomal RNA (rRNA), thus inactivating the ribosome by preventing elongation factors from binding to the GTPase activation centre. Recent studies have disclosed that the conserved C-terminal domain (CTD) of eukaryotic ribosomal P stalk proteins is involved in the process that RIPs target ribosome. However, the details of the molecular interaction between ricin and P stalk proteins remain unknown. Here, we report the structure of ricin-A chain (RTA) in a complex with the CTD of the human ribosomal protein P2. The structure shows that the Phe111, Leu113 and Phe114 residues of P2 insert into a hydrophobic pocket formed by the Tyr183, Arg235, Phe240 and Ile251 residues of RTA, while Asp115 of P2 forms hydrogen bonds with Arg235 of RTA. The key residues in RTA and P2 for complex formation were mutated, and their importance was determined by pull-down assays. The results from cell-free translation assays further confirmed that the interaction with P stalk proteins is essential for the inhibition of protein synthesis by RTA. Taken together, our results provide a structural basis that will improve our understanding of the process by which ricin targets the ribosome, which will benefit the development of effective small-molecule inhibitors for use as therapeutic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojiao Fan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Networks, School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, People’s Republic of China,Key Laboratory of Structural Biology, Hefei Science Center of Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuwei Zhu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Networks, School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, People’s Republic of China,Key Laboratory of Structural Biology, Hefei Science Center of Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chongyuan Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Networks, School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, People’s Republic of China,Key Laboratory of Structural Biology, Hefei Science Center of Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liwen Niu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Networks, School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, People’s Republic of China,Key Laboratory of Structural Biology, Hefei Science Center of Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Maikun Teng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Networks, School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, People’s Republic of China,Key Laboratory of Structural Biology, Hefei Science Center of Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, People’s Republic of China,
| | - Xu Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Networks, School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, People’s Republic of China,Key Laboratory of Structural Biology, Hefei Science Center of Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, People’s Republic of China,
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhao X, Ueda Y, Kajigaya S, Alaks G, Desierto MJ, Townsley DM, Dumitriu B, Chen J, Lacy RC, Young NS. Cloning and molecular characterization of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and telomere length analysis of Peromyscus leucopus. Gene 2015; 568:8-18. [PMID: 25962353 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) is the catalytic subunit of telomerase complex that regulates telomerase activity to maintain telomere length for all animals with linear chromosomes. As the Mus musculus (MM) laboratory mouse has very long telomeres compared to humans, a potential alternative animal model for telomere research is the Peromyscus leucopus (PL) mouse that has telomere lengths close to the human range and has the wild counterparts for comparison. We report the full TERT coding sequence (pTERT) from PL mice to use in the telomere research. Comparative analysis with eight other mammalian TERTs revealed a pTERT protein considerably homologous to other TERTs and preserved all TERT specific-sequence signatures, yet with some distinctive features. pTERT displayed the highest nucleotide and amino acid sequence homology with hamster TERT. Unlike human but similar to MM mice, pTERT expression was detected in various adult somatic tissues of PL mice, with the highest expression in testes. Four different captive stocks of PL mice and wild-captured PL mice each displayed group-specific average telomere lengths, with the longest and shortest telomeres in inbred and outbred stock mice, respectively. pTERT showed considerable numbers of synonymous and nonsynonymous mutations. A pTERT proximal promoter region cloned was homologous among PL and MM mice and rat, but with species-specific features. From PL mice, we further cloned and characterized ribosomal protein, large, P0 (pRPLP0) to use as an internal control for various assays. Peromyscus mice have been extensively used for various studies, including human diseases, for which pTERT and pRPLP0 would be useful tools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Yasutaka Ueda
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sachiko Kajigaya
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Glen Alaks
- Department of Conservation Science, Chicago Zoological Society, Brookfield, IL, USA
| | - Marie J Desierto
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Danielle M Townsley
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bogdan Dumitriu
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jichun Chen
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert C Lacy
- Department of Conservation Science, Chicago Zoological Society, Brookfield, IL, USA
| | - Neal S Young
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Basu D, Tumer NE. Do the A subunits contribute to the differences in the toxicity of Shiga toxin 1 and Shiga toxin 2? Toxins (Basel) 2015; 7:1467-85. [PMID: 25938272 PMCID: PMC4448158 DOI: 10.3390/toxins7051467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 (STEC) is one of the leading causes of food-poisoning around the world. Some STEC strains produce Shiga toxin 1 (Stx1) and/or Shiga toxin 2 (Stx2) or variants of either toxin, which are critical for the development of hemorrhagic colitis (HC) or hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). Currently, there are no therapeutic treatments for HC or HUS. E. coli O157:H7 strains carrying Stx2 are more virulent and are more frequently associated with HUS, which is the most common cause of renal failure in children in the US. The basis for the increased potency of Stx2 is not fully understood. Shiga toxins belong to the AB5 family of protein toxins with an A subunit, which depurinates a universally conserved adenine residue in the α-sarcin/ricin loop (SRL) of the 28S rRNA and five copies of the B subunit responsible for binding to cellular receptors. Recent studies showed differences in the structure, receptor binding, dependence on ribosomal proteins and pathogenicity of Stx1 and Stx2 and supported a role for the B subunit in differential toxicity. However, the current data do not rule out a potential role for the A1 subunits in the differential toxicity of Stx1 and Stx2. This review highlights the recent progress in understanding the differences in the A1 subunits of Stx1 and Stx2 and their role in defining toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debaleena Basu
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8520, USA.
| | - Nilgun E Tumer
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8520, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sun Y, Ning T, Liu Z, Pang J, Jiang D, Guo Z, Song G, Yang D. The OsSec18 complex interacts with P0(P1-P2)2 to regulate vacuolar morphology in rice endosperm cell. BMC Plant Biol 2015; 15:55. [PMID: 25848690 PMCID: PMC4340293 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-014-0324-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sec18p/N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor (NSF) is a conserved eukaryotic ATPase, which primarily functions in vesicle membrane fusion from yeast to human. However, the function of the OsSec18 gene, a homologue of NSF in rice, remains unknown. RESULTS In the present study, we investigated the function of OsSec18 in rice and found that OsSec18 complements the temperature-sensitive phenotype and interferes with vacuolar morphogenesis in yeast. Overexpression of OsSec18 in rice decreased the plant height and 1000-grain weight and altered the morphology of the protein bodies. Further examination revealed that OsSec18 presented as a 290-kDa complex in rice endosperm cells. Moreover, Os60sP0 was identified a component of this complex, demonstrating that the OsSec18 complex contains another complex of P0(P1-P2)2 in rice endosperm cells. Furthermore, we determined that the N-terminus of OsSec18 can interact with the N- and C-termini of Os60sP0, whereas the C-terminus of OsSec18 can only interact with the C-terminus of Os60sP0. CONCLUSION Our results revealed that the OsSec18 regulates vacuolar morphology in both yeast and rice endosperm cell and the OsSec18 interacts with P0(P1-P2)2 complex in rice endosperm cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunfang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice and College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Luojia Hill, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430072 China
| | - Tingting Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice and College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Luojia Hill, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430072 China
| | - Zhenwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice and College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Luojia Hill, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430072 China
| | - Jianlei Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice and College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Luojia Hill, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430072 China
| | - Daiming Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice and College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Luojia Hill, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430072 China
| | - Zhibin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice and College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Luojia Hill, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430072 China
| | - Gaoyuan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice and College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Luojia Hill, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430072 China
| | - Daichang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice and College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Luojia Hill, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430072 China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cheng Y, Wang XY, Hu H, Killiny N, Xu JP. A hypothetical model of crossing Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus through its host midgut physical barrier. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115032. [PMID: 25502928 PMCID: PMC4264868 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) is a primary pathogen of silkworm (B. mori) that causes severe economic losses each year. However, the molecular mechanisms of silkworm-BmNPV interactions, especially the silkworm proteins that can interact with the virus, are still largely unknown. In this study, the total and membrane proteins of silkworm midguts were displayed using one- and two-dimensional electrophoresis. A virus overlay assay was used to detect B. mori proteins that specifically bind to BmNPV particles. Twelve proteins were located and identified using mass spectrometry, and the different expression of the corresponding genes in BmNPV susceptible and resistant silkworm strains also indicated their involvement in BmNPV infection. The 12 proteins are grouped based on their potential roles in viral infection, for example, endocytosis, intracellular transportation, and host responses. Based on these results, we hypothesize the following: I) vacuolar ATP synthase catalytic subunit A and subunit B may be implicated in the process of the membrane fusion of virus and the release of the nucleocapsid into cytoplasm; II) actin, enolase and phosphoglycerate kinase are cytoskeleton associated proteins and may play an important role in BmNPV intracellular transportation; III) mitochondrial prohibitin complex protein 2, ganglioside-induced differentiation-associated protein, calreticulin, regucalcin-like isoform X1 and 60 kDa heat shock protein are involved in cell apoptosis regulation during BmNPV infection in larvae midguts; IV) ribosomal P0 may be associated with BmNPV infection by regulating gene expression of BmNPV; V) arginine kinase has a role in the antiviral activities against BmNPV. Our work should prove informative by providing multiple protein targets and a novel direction to investigate the molecular mechanisms of the interactions between silkworms and BmNPV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Cheng
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Yang Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Hu
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, Citrus Research and Education Center, IFAS, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, Florida, United States of America
| | - Nabil Killiny
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, Citrus Research and Education Center, IFAS, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jia-Ping Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sevinc MS, Kumar V, Abebe M, Lemieux M, Vijay HM. Isolation, expression and characterization of a minor allergen from Penicillium crustosum. Med Mycol 2014; 52:81-9. [PMID: 23902156 DOI: 10.3109/13693786.2013.813086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A ribosomal P1 protein, Pen b 26 from Penicillium brevicompactum, was previously identified as a major allergen. A homolog protein was isolated and characterized from Penicillium crustosum which is not known to be allergenic mold. A cDNA library of P. crustosum was constructed and screened using a probe based on the DNA sequence of Pen b 26. A positive clone was isolated, expressed in Escherichia coli, purified and characterized by comparing its immunological and physical properties to Pen b 26. It was designated as Pen cr 26 and had a 321 nt ORF corresponding to 107 amino acids with a MW of 11 kDa. Pen cr 26 had strong sequence homology to Pen b 26 (92% for nucleotides and 86% for amino acids) and its physical and predicted structural properties were similar to the latter. The level of expression of Pen cr 26 was much lower than that of Pen b 26 in the same expression vector. Both proteins were recognized equally well by the IgG class specific antibodies, but Pen cr 26 was poorly recognized by Penicillium-sensitive atopic sera (IgE), suggesting striking antigenic difference in IgE epitopes, i.e., 87% were positive for Pen b 26 while only 23% were positive for Pen cr 26. The allergenicity of Pen cr 26 seems to be minor in nature and it could be a hypoallergenic variant of Pen b 26.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Serdal Sevinc
- Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Grela P, Li XP, Tchórzewski M, Tumer NE. Functional divergence between the two P1-P2 stalk dimers on the ribosome in their interaction with ricin A chain. Biochem J 2014; 460:59-67. [PMID: 24576056 DOI: 10.1042/BJ20140014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The eukaryotic stalk, which is responsible for the recruitment of translation factors, is a pentamer containing two P1-P2 dimers with unclear modes of action. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, P1/P2 proteins (individual P1 and P2 proteins) are organized into two distinct dimers, P1A-P2B and P1B-P2A. To investigate the functional contribution of each dimer on the ribosome, RTA (ricin A chain), which binds to the stalk to depurinate the SRL (sarcin/ricin loop), was used as a molecular probe in yeast mutants in which the binding site for one or the other dimer on P0 was deleted. Ribosome depurination and toxicity of RTA were greatly reduced in mutants containing only P1A-P2B on the ribosome, whereas those with only P1B-P2A were reduced less in depurination and were unaffected in toxicity. Ribosomes bearing P1B-P2A were depurinated by RTA at a similar level as wild-type, but ribosomes bearing P1A-P2B were depurinated at a much lower level in vitro. The latter ribosomes showed the lowest association and almost no dissociation with RTA by surface plasmon resonance. These results indicate that the P1B-P2A dimer is more critical for facilitating the access of RTA to the SRL, providing the first in vivo evidence for functional divergence between the two stalk dimers on the ribosome.
Collapse
|
14
|
Willison LN, Sathe SK, Roux KH. Production and analysis of recombinant tree nut allergens. Methods 2014; 66:34-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2013.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
|
15
|
Zhang X, Shi HY, Chen JF, Shi D, Lang HW, Wang ZT, Feng L. Identification of cellular proteome using two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis in ST cells infected with transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus. Proteome Sci 2013; 11:31. [PMID: 23855489 DOI: 10.1186/1477-5956-11-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus (TGEV) is an enteropathogenic coronavirus that causes diarrhea in pigs, which is correlated with high morbidity and mortality in suckling piglets. Information remains limited about the comparative protein expression of host cells in response to TGEV infection. In this study, cellular protein response to TGEV infection in swine testes (ST) cells was analyzed, using the proteomic method of two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D DIGE) coupled with MALDI-TOF-TOF/MS identification. Results 33 differentially expressed protein spots, of which 23 were up-regulated and 10 were down-regulated were identified. All the protein spots were successfully identified. The identified proteins were involved in the regulation of essential processes such as cellular structure and integrity, RNA processing, protein biosynthesis and modification, vesicle transport, signal transduction, and the mitochondrial pathway. Western blot analysis was used to validate the changes of alpha tubulin, keratin 19, and prohibitin during TGEV infection. Conclusions To our knowledge, we have performed the first analysis of the proteomic changes in host cell during TGEV infection. 17 altered cellular proteins that differentially expressed in TGEV infection were identified. The present study provides protein-related information that should be useful for understanding the host cell response to TGEV infection and the underlying mechanism of TGEV replication and pathogenicity.
Collapse
|
16
|
Affiliation(s)
- Pushpa Mishra
- a Department of Chemical Sciences , Tata Institute of Fundamental Research , Mumbai , India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hafrén A, Eskelin K, Mäkinen K. Ribosomal protein P0 promotes Potato virus A infection and functions in viral translation together with VPg and eIF(iso)4E. J Virol 2013; 87:4302-12. [PMID: 23365448 PMCID: PMC3624370 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.03198-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We report here that the acidic ribosomal protein P0 is a component of the membrane-associated Potato virus A (PVA) ribonucleoprotein complex. As a constituent of the ribosomal stalk, P0 functions in translation. Although the ribosomal stalk proteins P0, P1, P2, and P3 are all important for PVA infection, P0 appears to have a distinct role from those of the other stalk proteins in infection. Our results indicate that P0 also regulates viral RNA functions as an extraribosomal protein. We reported previously that PVA RNA can be targeted by VPg to a specific gene expression pathway that protects the viral RNA from degradation and facilitates its translation. Here, we show that P0 is essential for this activity of VPg, similar to eIF4E/eIF(iso)4E. We also demonstrate that VPg, P0, and eIF(iso)4E synergistically enhance viral translation. Interestingly, the positive effects of VPg and P0 on viral translation were negatively correlated with the cell-to-cell spread of infection, suggesting that these processes may compete for viral RNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anders Hafrén
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Das S, Sudarsan R, Sivakami S, Sharma S. Erythrocytic stage-dependent regulation of oligomerization of Plasmodium ribosomal protein P2. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:41499-513. [PMID: 23060439 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.384388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The eukaryotic 60 S-ribosomal stalk consists of P0, P1, and P2 proteins, which associate in a pentameric structure (P1(2)-P0-P2(2)). The Plasmodium falciparum protein P2 (PfP2) appears to play nonribosomal roles. It gets exported to the infected erythrocyte (IE) surface at 30 h post-merozoite invasion (PMI), concomitant with extensive oligomerization. Here we present certain biophysical properties of PfP2. Recombinant P2 (rPfP2) protein showed SDS-resistant oligomerization, which could be significantly abolished under reducing conditions. However, the protein continued to oligomerize even when both cysteine residues were mutated, and with up to 40 amino acids (aa) deleted from the C-terminal end. CD analysis of P2 showed largely α-helical and random coil domains. The SDS- and DTT-resistant oligomerization was studied further as it occurred in a development-specific manner in Plasmodium. In a synchronized erythrocytic culture of P. falciparum, the PfP2 protein was detected as part of the ribosomal complex (∼96 kDa) at 18 and 30 h PMI, and was SDS sensitive. However, at 30 h, large amounts of SDS-sensitive aggregates of >600 kDa were also seen. At 30 h PMI, each of the parasites, IE cytosol and IE ghost contained 60-80-kDa PfP2 complexes, which resolved to a single 65-kDa species on SDS-PAGE. Tetramethylrhodamine-labeled rPfP2 protein exhibited DTT- and SDS-resistant oligomerization when treated with P. falciparum parasite extracts only from 24 to 36 h PMI, and multiple proteins appeared to be required for this oligomerization. Understanding the regulation of oligomerization of PfP2 may help in the elucidation of the novel structure-function relationship in the export of PfP2 to the red cell surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sudipta Das
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, 400005 Mumbai, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Li J, Ye L, Lan T, Yu M, Liang J, Zhong B. Comparative proteomic and phosphoproteomic analysis of the silkworm (Bombyx mori) posterior silk gland under high temperature treatment. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 39:8447-56. [PMID: 22707192 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-1698-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The proteins from the posterior silk gland of silkworm hybrids and their parents reared under high temperatures were studied by using comparative proteomic and phosphoproteomic analysis. A total of 82.07, 6.17 and 11.76 % protein spots showed additivity, overdominance and underdominance patterns, respectively. Fifteen differentially expressed protein spots were identified by peptide mass fingerprinting. Among these, four spots, including sHSPs and prohibitin protein that were directly relevant to heat response, were identified. Eleven protein spots were found to play an important role in silk synthesis, and nine protein spots expressed phosphorylation states. According to Gene ontology and KEGG pathway analysis, these nine spots played an important role in stress-induced signal transduction. Expression of most silk synthesis-related proteins was reduced, whereas stress-responsive proteins increased with heat exposure time in three breeds. Furthermore, most proteins showed under- or overdominance in the hybrids compared to the parents. The results suggested that high temperature could alter the expression of proteins related to silk synthesis and heat response in silkworm. Moreover, differentially expressed proteins occurring in the hybrid and its parents may be the main explanation of the observed heterosis.
Collapse
|
20
|
Gordiyenko Y, Videler H, Zhou M, McKay AR, Fucini P, Biegel E, Müller V, Robinson CV. Mass spectrometry defines the stoichiometry of ribosomal stalk complexes across the phylogenetic tree. Mol Cell Proteomics 2010; 9:1774-83. [PMID: 20467040 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m000072-mcp201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The ribosomal stalk complex plays a crucial role in delivering translation factors to the catalytic site of the ribosome. It has a very similar architecture in all cells, although the protein components in bacteria are unrelated to those in archaea and eukaryotes. Here we used mass spectrometry to investigate ribosomal stalk complexes from bacteria, eukaryotes, and archaea in situ on the ribosome. Specifically we targeted ribosomes with different optimal growth temperatures. Our results showed that for the mesophilic bacterial ribosomes we investigated the stalk complexes are exclusively pentameric or entirely heptameric in the case of thermophilic bacteria, whereas we observed only pentameric stalk complexes in eukaryotic species. We also found the surprising result that for mesophilic archaea, Methanococcus vannielii, Methanococcus maripaludis, and Methanosarcina barkeri, both pentameric and heptameric stoichiometries are present simultaneously within a population of ribosomes. Moreover the ratio of pentameric to heptameric stalk complexes changed during the course of cell growth. We consider these differences in stoichiometry within ribosomal stalk complexes in the context of convergent evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya Gordiyenko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhang X, Zhou J, Wu Y, Zheng X, Ma G, Wang Z, Jin Y, He J, Yan Y. Differential proteome analysis of host cells infected with porcine circovirus type 2. J Proteome Res 2010; 8:5111-9. [PMID: 19708719 DOI: 10.1021/pr900488q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is the primary causative agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome, which is an emerging swine immunosuppressive disease. To uncover cellular protein responses in PCV2-infected PK-15 cells, the comprehensive proteome profiles were analyzed utilizing two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) coupled with MALDI-TOF/TOF identification. Multiple comparisons of 2-DE revealed that the majority of changes in protein expression occurred at 48-96 h after PCV2 infection. A total of 34 host-encoded proteins, including 15 up-regulated and 19 down-regulated proteins, were identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF analysis. According to cellular function, the differential expression proteins could be sorted into several groups: cytoskeleton proteins, stress response, macromolecular biosynthesis, energy metabolism, ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, signal transduction, gene regulation. Western blot analysis demonstrated the changes of alpha tubulin, beta actin, and cytokeratin 8 during infection. Colocalization and coimmunoprecipitation analyses confirmed that the cellular alpha tubulin interacts with the Cap protein of PCV2 in the infected PK-15 cells. These identified cellular constituents have important implications for understanding the host interactions with PCV2 and brings us a step closer to defining the cellular requirements for the underlying mechanism of PCV2 replication and pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemic Etiology & Immunological Prevention of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Solanas M, Moral R, Garcia G, Grau L, Vela E, Escrich R, Costa I, Escrich E. Differential expression of H19 and vitamin D3 upregulated protein 1 as a mechanism of the modulatory effects of high virgin olive oil and high corn oil diets on experimental mammary tumours. Eur J Cancer Prev 2009; 18:153-61. [PMID: 19337063 DOI: 10.1097/CEJ.0b013e3283136308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Dietary lipids have a role in the aetiology of breast cancer. We have reported earlier that a high corn oil diet downregulates H19 and vitamin D3 upregulated protein 1 (VDUP1) messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in rat dimethylbenz (alpha) anthracene-induced mammary adenocarcinomas in comparison with the control low-fat diet, this effect being associated with a higher degree of tumour malignancy. This result was compatible with the stimulating effect of this diet. In this study we have investigated the influence of a high extra virgin olive diet on H19 and VDUP1 mRNA and/or protein expression. We have shown earlier that this high-fat diet confers to the tumours a more benign phenotype in accordance with its potential protective effect on mammary cancer. We have also analysed the effects on the mRNA and protein expression of insulin-like growth factor-2 , in close relation with H19, and the expression and activity of the thioredoxin protein, negatively regulated by VDUP1. mRNA and protein expression were analysed by chemiluminescent northern blot and western blot, respectively. Thioredoxin activity was determined by the insulin-reducing assay. The results showed that the high olive oil diet does not change the tumour expression of H19 and VDUP1. Moreover, tumours from the animals fed this diet displayed higher levels of the insulin-like growth factor-2 mRNAs, which are related to a higher rate of degradation or a lower traducibility. Finally, tumour expression and activity levels of thioredoxin-1 protein did not change irrespective of the diet. These results suggest that the differential effects of high olive oil and high corn oil diets on mammary cancer are exerted by means of a different, specific influence on gene expression.
Collapse
|
23
|
Leske DA, Wu J, Mookadam M, Chen Y, Fautsch MP, Holmes JM, Lanier WL. The Relationship of Retinal VEGF and Retinal IGF-1 mRNA with Neovascularization in an Acidosis-Induced Model of Retinopathy of Prematurity. Curr Eye Res 2009; 31:163-9. [PMID: 16500767 DOI: 10.1080/02713680500507281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Acidosis-induced retinopathy (AIR) in the neonatal rat provides an alternative model for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). We studied the relationship of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) retinal mRNA and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) retinal mRNA expression with the emergence of neovascularization (NV) in AIR. METHODS Two hundred seventy-five newborn Sprague-Dawley rats were raised in 11 expanded litters of 25. Using our established AIR model, acidosis was induced by twice-daily gavage with NH4Cl from day 2 to day 8 of life (n=175). Rats were sacrificed at days 5, 8, and 10. Nongavaged rats were used as age-matched controls (n=100). Retinae from left eyes were dissected, flatmounts were ADPase-stained, and the presence and severity of NV was scored in a masked manner. Individual right retinae were processed for analysis of retinal VEGF and IGF-1 mRNA using quantitative real-time reverse-transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR). RESULTS Retinal VEGF mRNA was increased 1.4-fold at day 10 in AIR, when compared with age-matched controls (p=0.03). This correlated with maximal NV at day 10 in AIR. Retinal IGF-1 mRNA was decreased to 82% of its normal expression on day 8 (p=0.006), prior to maximal NV, before returning to normal expression at day 10, when compared with nonacidotic controls. CONCLUSIONS In AIR, preretinal neovascularization is associated with decreased retinal IGF-1 mRNA prior to maximal NV and increased retinal VEGF mRNA at the time of maximal NV. These growth factor changes in AIR are similar to those seen with hypercarbic oxygen-induced retinopathy. The retinal IGF-1 pathway may provide an alternative target for therapeutic intervention in abnormal retinal angiogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David A Leske
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kolaiti RM, Lucas JM, Kouyanou-Koutsoukou S. Molecular cloning of the ribosomal P-proteins MgP1, MgP2, MgP0, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis and analysis of MgP0 at stress conditions. Gene 2009; 430:77-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2008.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2008] [Revised: 10/27/2008] [Accepted: 10/28/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
25
|
Ferreira MC, Cavallo IKD, Florio P, Petraglia F, Reis FM. Activin βA subunit, follistatin and follistatin-like 3 are expressed in the endometrium of ovariectomized rats and regulated by estrogen replacement. J Mol Histol 2008; 39:535-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s10735-008-9194-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2008] [Accepted: 08/26/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
26
|
Abstract
The 'stalk' is a large ribosomal subunit domain that regulates translation. In the present study the role of the ribosomal stalk P proteins in modulating ribosomal activity has been investigated in human cells using RNA interference. A strong down-regulation of P2 mRNA and a drastic decrease in P2 protein in a stable human cell line was achieved using a doxycycline-inducible system. Interestingly, the amount of P1 protein was similarly decreased in these cells, in contrast with the expression of P1 mRNA. The loss of P1/P2 proteins produced a decrease in the growth rate of these cells, as well as an altered polysome pattern with reduced translation efficiency, but without affecting the free 40 S/60 S subunit ratio. A decrease in the ribosomal-subunit joining capacity was also observed. These data indicate that P1/P2 proteins modulate cytoplasmic translation by influencing the interaction between subunits, thereby regulating the rate of cell proliferation.
Collapse
|
27
|
Marygold SJ, Roote J, Reuter G, Lambertsson A, Ashburner M, Millburn GH, Harrison PM, Yu Z, Kenmochi N, Kaufman TC, Leevers SJ, Cook KR. The ribosomal protein genes and Minute loci of Drosophila melanogaster. Genome Biol 2008; 8:R216. [PMID: 17927810 PMCID: PMC2246290 DOI: 10.1186/gb-2007-8-10-r216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2007] [Revised: 10/10/2007] [Accepted: 10/10/2007] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A combined bioinformatic and genetic approach was used to conduct a systematic analysis of the relationship between ribosomal protein genes and Minute loci in Drosophila melanogaster, allowing the identification of 64 Minute loci corresponding to ribosomal genes. Background Mutations in genes encoding ribosomal proteins (RPs) have been shown to cause an array of cellular and developmental defects in a variety of organisms. In Drosophila melanogaster, disruption of RP genes can result in the 'Minute' syndrome of dominant, haploinsufficient phenotypes, which include prolonged development, short and thin bristles, and poor fertility and viability. While more than 50 Minute loci have been defined genetically, only 15 have so far been characterized molecularly and shown to correspond to RP genes. Results We combined bioinformatic and genetic approaches to conduct a systematic analysis of the relationship between RP genes and Minute loci. First, we identified 88 genes encoding 79 different cytoplasmic RPs (CRPs) and 75 genes encoding distinct mitochondrial RPs (MRPs). Interestingly, nine CRP genes are present as duplicates and, while all appear to be functional, one member of each gene pair has relatively limited expression. Next, we defined 65 discrete Minute loci by genetic criteria. Of these, 64 correspond to, or very likely correspond to, CRP genes; the single non-CRP-encoding Minute gene encodes a translation initiation factor subunit. Significantly, MRP genes and more than 20 CRP genes do not correspond to Minute loci. Conclusion This work answers a longstanding question about the molecular nature of Minute loci and suggests that Minute phenotypes arise from suboptimal protein synthesis resulting from reduced levels of cytoribosomes. Furthermore, by identifying the majority of haplolethal and haplosterile loci at the molecular level, our data will directly benefit efforts to attain complete deletion coverage of the D. melanogaster genome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Marygold
- Growth Regulation Laboratory, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3PX, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Du YJ, Luo XY, Hao YZ, Zhang T, Hou WR. cDNA cloning and overexpression of acidic ribosomal phosphoprotein P1 gene (RPLP1) from the giant panda. Int J Biol Sci 2007; 3:428-33. [PMID: 18071584 PMCID: PMC2043164 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.3.428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2007] [Accepted: 10/18/2007] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
RPLP1 is one of acidic ribosomal phosphoproteins encoded by RPLP1 gene, which plays an important role in the elongation step of protein synthesis. The cDNA of RPLP1 was cloned successfully for the first time from the Giant Panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) using RT-PCR technology, which was also sequenced, analyzed preliminarily and expressed in E.coli. The cDNA fragment cloned is 449bp in size, containing an open reading frame of 344bp encoding 114 amino acids. Alignment analysis indicated that the nucleotide sequence and the deduced amino acid sequence are highly conserved to other five species studied, including Homo sapiens, Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus, Bos Taurus and Sus scrofa. The homologies for nucleotide sequences of Giant Panda PPLP1 to that of these species are 92.4%, 89.8%, 89.0%, 91.3% and 87.5%, while the homologies for amino acid sequences are 96.5%, 94.7%, 95.6%, 96.5% and 88.6%. Topology prediction showed there are three Casein kinase II phosphorylation sites and two N-myristoylation sites in the RPLP1 protein of the Giant Panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). The RPLP1 gene was overexpressed in E. coli and the result indicated that RPLP1 fusion with the N-terminally His-tagged form gave rise to the accumulation of an expected 18kDa polypeptide, which was in accordance with the predicted protein and could also be used to purify the protein and study its function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jie Du
- College of Life Science, China West Normal University, 44# Yuying Road, 637002, Nanchong, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Chang TW, Chen CC, Chen KY, Su JH, Chang JH, Chang MC. Ribosomal phosphoprotein P0 interacts with GCIP and overexpression of P0 is associated with cellular proliferation in breast and liver carcinoma cells. Oncogene 2007; 27:332-8. [PMID: 17621266 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1210651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The ribosomal acidic P0 protein, an essential component of the eukaryotic ribosomal stalk, was found to interact with the helix-loop-helix protein human Grap2 and cyclin D interacting protein (GCIP)/D-type cyclin-interacting protein 1/human homolog of MAID protein. Using in vivo and in vitro binding assays, we show that P0 can interact with the N and C termini of GCIP via its N-terminal 39-114 amino-acid residues. Although the P0-GCIP complex was detected mainly in cytoplasmic fraction, polysome profile analysis indicated that the P0-GCIP complex did not coelute with either polysomes or 60S ribosomes, suggesting that GCIP associates with the free form of P0 in the cytoplasm. Transfection of GCIP into MCF-7 cells resulted in decreased levels of pRb phosphorylation. Cotransfection of P0 with GCIP, however, resulted in GCIP-mediated reduction of pRb phosphorylation level which was repressed by P0. Furthermore, overexpression of P0 in breast cancer and hepatocellular cancer cell lines promoted cell growth and colony formation compared to control transfectants. Overexpression of P0 also increased cyclin D1 expression and phosphorylation of pRb at Ser780. Interestingly, P0 mRNA was overexpressed in 12 of 20 pairs of breast cancer/ normal breast specimens (60%). Together, these data indicate that P0 overexpression may cause tumorigenesis in breast and liver tissues at least in part by inhibiting GCIP-mediated tumor suppression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T-W Chang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Krokowski D, Boguszewska A, Abramczyk D, Liljas A, Tchórzewski M, Grankowski N. Yeast ribosomal P0 protein has two separate binding sites for P1/P2 proteins. Mol Microbiol 2006; 60:386-400. [PMID: 16573688 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2006.05117.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The ribosome has a distinct lateral protuberance called the stalk; in eukaryotes it is formed by the acidic ribosomal P-proteins which are organized as a pentameric entity described as P0-(P1-P2)(2). Bilateral interactions between P0 and P1/P2 proteins have been studied extensively, however, the region on P0 responsible for the binding of P1/P2 proteins has not been precisely defined. Here we report a study which takes the current knowledge of the P0 - P1/P2 protein interaction beyond the recently published information. Using truncated forms of P0 protein and several in vitro and in vivo approaches, we have defined the region between positions 199 and 258 as the P0 protein fragment responsible for the binding of P1/P2 proteins in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We show two short amino acid regions of P0 protein located at positions 199-230 and 231-258, to be responsible for independent binding of two dimers, P1A-P2B and P1B-P2A respectively. In addition, two elements, the sequence spanning amino acids 199-230 and the P1A-P2B dimer were found to be essential for stalk formation, indicating that this process is dependent on a balance between the P1A-P2B dimer and the P0 protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Krokowski
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Krokowski D, Tchórzewski M, Boguszewska A, Grankowski N. Acquisition of a stable structure by yeast ribosomal P0 protein requires binding of P1A–P2B complex: In vitro formation of the stalk structure. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2005; 1724:59-70. [PMID: 15866509 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2005.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2004] [Revised: 03/10/2005] [Accepted: 03/15/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae ribosomal stalk consists of five proteins: P0 protein, with molecular mass of 34 kDa, and four small, 11 kDa, P1A, P1B, P2A and P2B acidic proteins, which form a pentameric complex P0-(P1A-P2B)/(P1B-P2A). This structure binds to a region of 26S rRNA termed GTPase-associated domain and plays a crucial role in protein synthesis. The consecutive steps leading to the formation of the stalk structure have not been fully elucidated and the function of individual P-proteins in the assembling of the stalk and protein synthesis still remains elusive. We applied an integrated approach in order to examine all the P-proteins with respect to stalk assembly. Several in vitro methods were utilized to mimic protein self-organization in the cell. Our efforts resulted in reconstitution of the whole recombinant stalk in solution as well as on the ribosomal particle. On the basis of our analysis, it can be inferred that the P1A-P2B protein complex may be regarded as the key element in stalk formation, having structural and functional importance, whereas P1B-P2A protein complex is implicated in regulation of stalk function. The mechanism of quaternary structure formation could be described as a sequential co-folding/association reaction of an oligomeric system with P0-(P1A-P2B) protein complex as an essential element in the acquisition of a stable quaternary structure of the ribosomal stalk. On the other hand, the P1B-P2A complex is not involved in the cooperative stalk formation and our results indicate an increased rate of protein synthesis due to the latter protein pair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Krokowski
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Wu S, Storey KB. Up-regulation of acidic ribosomal phosphoprotein P0 in response to freezing or anoxia in the freeze tolerant wood frog, Rana sylvatica. Cryobiology 2005; 50:71-82. [PMID: 15710371 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2004.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2004] [Revised: 11/16/2004] [Accepted: 11/18/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Natural freezing survival by the wood frog, Rana sylvatica, involves multiple organ-specific, freeze-responsive changes in gene expression. The present study provides the first report of freeze-responsive genes in brain. Differential screening of a cDNA library made from brain of frozen wood frogs revealed a freeze-responsive clone encoding a protein of 315 amino acids that was identified as the acidic ribosomal phosphoprotein, P0 (GenBank Accession No. AF176302). The amino acid sequence showed 91-92% identity with the protein from other vertebrates. Thirteen unique amino acid substitutions occurred as compared with mammalian or avian P0 sequences; these may represent structural differences that support protein function at low body temperature. Transcripts of P0 rose by 8-fold in brain of frogs frozen for 24 h at -2.5 degrees C, compared with controls at 5 degrees C, and reached 12-fold higher in 24 h thawed frogs. Immunoblotting showed that P0 protein increased by approximately 3-fold in brain during freezing and remained high after thawing. Freeze up-regulation of P0 was largely brain-specific; transcript levels were unaffected in skeletal muscle and skin and, although transcripts rose approximately 2-fold in liver of frozen frogs, liver P0 protein was unchanged (although P0 protein was much higher overall in liver than in brain). P0 transcripts in wood frog brain were also elevated during anoxia exposure (by approximately 4-fold), but did not change under dehydration stress. The gene was similarly up-regulated under anoxia in brain of the freeze intolerant leopard frog, Rana pipiens. This suggests that P0 expression responds to anoxia stress during freezing. Changes in P0 content in ribosomes may contribute to altered patterns of protein synthesis under anoxia or ischemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaobo Wu
- Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ont., Canada K1S 5B6
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Alizadeh N, Pittet B, Tenorio X, Pyke C, Baetens D, Schlaudraff KU, Montandon D, Ezban M, Pepper MS. Active-site inactivated FVIIa decreases thrombosis and necrosis in a random skin flap model of acute ischemia. J Surg Res 2004; 122:263-73. [PMID: 15555627 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2004.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2004] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have emphasized the role of ischemia in inducing vascular thrombosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using a skin flap model of acute ischemia in the rat, we studied the effect of active-site inactivated factor VIIa (FVIIai), an inhibitor of tissue factor (TF), on tissue survival during acute ischemia. RESULTS Ribonuclease protection analysis revealed an increase in TF in ischemic parts of the flap, and in situ hybridization localized this increase mainly to perivascular cells. A decrease in vascular thrombosis, as determined by fibrin immunostaining, was observed in FVIIai-treated animals. Intravenous administration of FVIIai had a positive impact on survival of the flap. Laser Doppler flowmetry revealed an increase in blood flow in the FVIIai-treated group. In treated animals, prothrombin time (PT) was increased (P < 0.01), whereas partial thromboplastin time (APTT) was unaltered; no significant impairment in systemic hemostasis (peri- and postoperative bleeding) was observed. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that TF expression is increased in perivascular cells in ischemic skin flaps and that FVIIai, by inhibiting TF, increases flap survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Navid Alizadeh
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abramczyk D, Tchórzewski M, Krokowski D, Boguszewska A, Grankowski N. Overexpression, purification and characterization of the acidic ribosomal P-proteins from Candida albicans. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2004; 1672:214-23. [PMID: 15182941 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2004.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2003] [Revised: 04/13/2004] [Accepted: 04/14/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In all eukaryotic cells, acidic ribosomal P-proteins form a lateral protuberance on the 60S ribosomal subunit-the so-called stalk-structure that plays an important role during protein synthesis. In this work, we report for the first time a full-length cloning of four genes encoding the P-proteins from Candida albicans, their expression in Escherichia coli, purification and characterization of the recombinant proteins. Considerable amino acid sequence similarity was found between the cloned proteins and other known fungal ribosomal P-proteins. On the basis of their phylogenetic relationship and amino acid similarity to their yeast counterparts, the C. albicans P-proteins were named P1A, P1B, P2A and P2B. Using three different approaches, namely: chemical cross-linking method, gel filtration and two-hybrid system, we analyzed mutual interactions among the C. albicans P-proteins. The obtained data showed all the four P-proteins able to form homo-oligomeric complexes. However, the ones found between P1B-P2A and P1A-P2B were dominant forms among the C. albicans P-proteins. Moreover, the strength of interactions between particular proteins was different in these two complexes; the strongest interactions were observed between P1B and P2A proteins, and a significantly weaker one between P1A and P2B proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Abramczyk
- Department of Molecular Biology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Akademicka Street 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Zień P, Abramczyk O, Domańska K, Bretner M, Szyszka R. TBBz but not TBBt discriminates between two molecular forms of CK2 in vivo and its implications. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003; 312:623-8. [PMID: 14680810 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2003.10.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2003] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Two ATP-competitive inhibitors-4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-benzotriazole (TBBt) and 4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-benzimidazole (TBBz) have been shown to decrease activity of CK2 holoenzyme. Surprisingly it occurs that TBBz contrary to TBBt does not inhibit free catalytic subunit CK2 [Formula: see text]. Both inhibitors are virtually inactive against RAP protein kinase. The above-mentioned protein kinases phosphorylate in vitro a set of acidic ribosomal P-proteins of the 60S ribosomal subunit. Such a modification is one of the mechanisms regulating translational activity of ribosomes in vivo. Application of these two very selective inhibitors allows us to define the role of free catalytic [Formula: see text] subunit of CK2 in phosphorylation of ribosomal proteins. It occurs that CK2 [Formula: see text] but not CK2 holoenzyme is responsible for phosphorylation of P-proteins in vivo. Moreover, elimination of both forms of protein kinase CK2 (hCK2 and CK2 [Formula: see text] ) activity in living cells led to dramatic loss of the translational activity of the ribosome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Zień
- Department of Molecular Biology, Environmental Protection Institute, Catholic University of Lublin, Kraśnicka Av.102, 20-718 Lublin, Poland
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Kouyanou S, Santos C, Koliaraki V, Ballesta JPG. Protein BmP0 from the silkworm Bombyx mori can be assembled and is functional in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae ribosomal stalk in the absence of the acidic P1 and P2 proteins. Gene 2003; 314:173-9. [PMID: 14527730 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1119(03)00731-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The DNA complementary to RNA (cDNA) of the ribosomal stalk protein BmP0 of the silkworm Bombyx mori was isolated from a cDNA library and was subsequently expressed in the conditional P0-null mutant Saccharomyces cerevisiae D67dGP0, whose ribosomes also lack the other stalk components, proteins P1/P2. The transformed strain was able to grow under restrictive conditions, indicating that in the absence of the P1/P2 proteins BmP0 can bind to the yeast ribosomes and complement the lack of the endogenous YP0 protein. In addition, the binding capacity of the B. mori ribosomal stalk components to the ribosomal particle was studied by means of high salt treatment of purified ribosomes. The BmP0 protein retained its binding to the ribosome, suggesting a stable association with the rRNA, in contrast to the acidic proteins BmP1 and BmP2, which were easily released. The results clearly indicate that, as opposed to recent in vitro results, BmP0 does not require the presence of P1/P2 proteins in order to bind to the ribosome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Kouyanou
- Division of Genetics and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15701, Athens, Greece.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
The eukaryotic 60S ribosomal subunit has a set of very acidic proteins (P-proteins), which form a distinct lateral protuberance called the stalk structure. This protein complex is directly involved in the elongation step of polypeptide synthesis. In our study on acidic ribosomal P-proteins from the human opportunistic pathogen Candida albicans, we isolated and characterized one of the genes, called CARP2A, and its product, the P2A protein. The CARP2A gene is intron-less, present in a single copy per haploid genome, and transcriptionally active. The open reading frame of the studied gene contains information for a sequence of 108 amino acids. Based on this, the molecular mass and isoelectric point of the P2A protein were theoretically calculated to be 10.85 kDa and 3.7, respectively. The characteristic feature of the CARP2A gene transcript is the presence of a GUG start codon, which is rare in eukaryotic organisms and not previously reported in yeast. To our knowledge this is the first report showing the presence of a naturally occurring non-AUG start codon on mRNA in yeast species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Abramczyk
- Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Molecular Biology, Akademicka Street 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abramczyk O, Zień P, Zieliński R, Pilecki M, Hellman U, Szyszka R. The protein kinase 60S is a free catalytic CK2alpha' subunit and forms an inactive complex with superoxide dismutase SOD1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003; 307:31-40. [PMID: 12849977 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(03)01126-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The 60S ribosomes from Saccharomyces cerevisiae contain a set of acidic P-proteins playing an important role in the ribosome function. Reversible phosphorylation of those proteins is a mechanism regulating translational activity of ribosomes. The key role in regulation of this process is played by specific, second messenger-independent protein kinases. The PK60S kinase was one of the enzymes phosphorylating P-proteins. The enzyme has been purified from yeast and characterised. Pure enzyme has properties similar to those reported for casein kinase type 2. Peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF) has identified the PK60S as a catalytic alpha(') subunit of casein kinase type 2 (CK2alpha(')). Protein kinase activity is inhibited by SOD1 and by highly specific CK2 inhibitor-4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-benzotriazole (TBBt). The possible mechanism of regulation of CK2alpha(') activity in stress conditions, by superoxide dismutase in regulation of 80S-ribosome activity, is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Abramczyk
- Department of Molecular Biology, Environmental Protection Institute, Catholic University of Lublin, Al. Kraśnicka 102, PL-20-718, Lublin, Poland
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Tchórzewski M, Krokowski D, Rzeski W, Issinger OG, Grankowski N. The subcellular distribution of the human ribosomal "stalk" components: P1, P2 and P0 proteins. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2003; 35:203-11. [PMID: 12479870 DOI: 10.1016/s1357-2725(02)00133-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The ribosomal "stalk" structure is a distinct lateral protuberance located on the large ribosomal subunit in prokaryotic, as well as in eukaryotic cells. In eukaryotes, this ribosomal structure is composed of the acidic ribosomal P proteins, forming two hetero-dimers (P1/P2) attached to the ribosome through the P0 protein. The "stalk" is essential for the ribosome activity, taking part in the interaction with elongation factors. In this report, we have shown that the subcellular distribution of the human P proteins does not fall into standard behavior of regular ribosomal proteins. We have used two approaches to assess the distribution of the P proteins, in vivo experiments with GFP fusion proteins and in vitro one with anti-P protein antibodies. In contrast to standard r-proteins, the P1 and P2 proteins are not actively transported into the nucleus compartment, remaining predominantly in the cytoplasm (the perinuclear compartment). The P0 protein was found in the cytoplasm, as well as in the nucleus; however, the nucleoli were excluded. This protein was scattered around the nuclei, and the distribution might reflect association with the so-called nuclear bodies. This is the first example of r-proteins that are not actively transported into the nucleus; moreover, this might imply that the "stalk" constituents are assembled onto the ribosomal particle at the very last step of ribosomal maturation, which takes part in the cell cytoplasm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marek Tchórzewski
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka Street 19, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
The interactions among the yeast stalk components (P0, P1alpha, P1beta, P2alpha and P2beta) and with EF-2 have been explored using immunoprecipitation, affinity chromatography and the two-hybrid system. No stable association was detected between acidic proteins of the same type. In contrast, P1alpha and P1beta were found to interact with P2beta and P2alpha respectively. An interaction of P0 with P1 proteins, but not with P2 proteins, was also detected. This interaction is strongly increased with the P0 carboxyl end, which is able to form a pentameric complex with the four acidic proteins. The P1/P2 binding site has been located between residues 212 and 262 using different C-terminal P0 fragments. Immunoprecipitation shows the association of EF-2 with protein P0. However, the interaction is stronger with the P1/P2 proteins than with P0 in the two-hybrid assay. This interaction improves using the 100-amino-acid-long C-end of P0 and is even higher with the last 50 amino acids. The data indicate a specific association of P1alpha with P2beta and of P1beta with P2alpha rather than the dimerization of the acidic proteins found in prokaryotes. In addition, they suggest that stalk assembly begins by the interaction of the P1 proteins with P0. Moreover, as functional interactions of the complete P0 were found to increase using protein fragments, the data suggest that some active sites are exposed in the ribosome as a result of conformational changes that take place during stalk assembly and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V S Lalioti
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid--CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Zieliński R, Pilecki M, Kubiński K, Zień P, Hellman U, Szyszka R. Inhibition of yeast ribosomal stalk phosphorylation by Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2002; 296:1310-6. [PMID: 12207917 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(02)02081-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Reversible phosphorylation of acidic ribosomal proteins of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an important mechanism, regulating the number of active ribosomes. The key role in regulation of this process is played by specific, second messenger-independent protein kinases. A new protein-inhibitor regulating activity of PK60S kinase has been purified from yeast extracts and characterised. Peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF) and amino-acid sequence analysis by Post Source Decay (PSD) have identified the inhibitor as a Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD). Inhibition by SOD is competitive with respect to protein substrates-P proteins and 80S ribosome-with K(i) values of 3.7 microM for P2A protein and 0.6 microM for 80S ribosomes. A close correlation was found between the state of phosphorylation of P proteins in diauxic shift and logarithmic growth yeast cells and activity of SOD. The possible mechanism of regulation of PK60S activity, and participation of SOD protein in regulation of 80S-ribosome activity in stress conditions, is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafalz Zieliński
- Department of Molecular Biology, Environmental Protection Institute, Catholic University of Lublin, Al. Kraśnicka 102, 20-718, Lublin, Poland
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
The acidic ribosomal P proteins (pI 3-4) are unique among ribosomal constituents: the only molecules on the ribosomes existing in multiple copies, they form a hetero-oligomeric complex (P1/P2)(2) recognizable as a lateral protuberance on the 60S ribosomal subunit, which is thought to be directly involved in interactions with elongation factors during the course of protein synthesis. The role of P proteins in translation is still vague; however, they might possess two functional roles-the proteins may increase performance of ribosomes and/or change ribosomal specificity toward different subset of mRNAs. Furthermore, there are also indications that P proteins might be involved in transcription and DNA repair. Also, P proteins are important antigens in autoimmune diseases, infections caused by protozoan parasites, and in molds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marek Tchórzewski
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka Street 19, Lublin, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Shimizu T, Nakagaki M, Nishi Y, Kobayashi Y, Hachimori A, Uchiumi T. Interaction among silkworm ribosomal proteins P1, P2 and P0 required for functional protein binding to the GTPase-associated domain of 28S rRNA. Nucleic Acids Res 2002; 30:2620-7. [PMID: 12060678 PMCID: PMC117291 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkf379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acidic ribosomal phosphoproteins P0, P1 and P2 were isolated in soluble form from silkworm ribosomes and tested for their interactions with each other and with RNA fragments corresponding to the GTPase-associated domain of residues 1030-1127 (Escherichia coli numbering) in silkworm 28S rRNA in vitro. Mixing of P1 and P2 formed the P1-P2 heterodimer, as demonstrated by gel mobility shift and chemical crosslinking. This heterodimer, but neither P1 or P2 alone, tightly bound to P0 and formed a pentameric complex, presumably as P0(P1-P2)2, assumed from its molecular weight derived from sedimentation analysis. Complex formation strongly stimulated binding of P0 to the GTPase-associated RNA domain. The protein complex and eL12 (E.coli L11-type), which cross-bound to the E.coli equivalent RNA domain, were tested for their function by replacing with the E.coli counterparts L10.L7/L12 complex and L11 on the rRNA domain within the 50S subunits. Both P1 and P2, together with P0 and eL12, were required to activate ribosomes in polyphenylalanine synthesis dependent on eucaryotic elongation factors as well as eEF-2-dependent GTPase activity. The results suggest that formation of the P1-P2 heterodimer is required for subsequent formation of the P0(P1-P2)2 complex and its functional rRNA binding in silkworm ribosomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Shimizu
- Institute of High Polymer Research and Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda 386-8567, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Canatan H, Lin YC. Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of canine acidic ribosomal phosphoprotein P0 cDNA. DNA Seq 2001; 11:321-6. [PMID: 11092747 DOI: 10.3109/10425170009033250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Acidic ribosomal phosphoprotein P0 has been widely used as an estradiol-independent housekeeping gene. Expression of acidic ribosomal phosphoprotein P0 in canine prostate was detected and canine specific cDNA was cloned. Total cellular RNA was isolated from normal young (5 month-old) canine prostate tissue. Total cDNAs were synthesized from total cellular RNAs by reverse transcription assay. Primers used in polymerase chain reaction were designed from published human ARP0 cDNA sequences and utilized to amplify 562 base-pair (bp) canine acidic ribosomal phosphoprotein P0 cDNA. Nucleotide sequences of canine ARP0 cDNA clones were determined on both strands. Canine ARP0 cDNA and their deduced amino acid sequences share very high homology to ARP0 orthologs from other vertebrate species including human, mouse, rat, chicken, and bovine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Canatan
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Program, College of Biological Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210-1092, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Gonzalo P, Lavergne JP, Reboud JP. Pivotal role of the P1 N-terminal domain in the assembly of the mammalian ribosomal stalk and in the proteosynthetic activity. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:19762-9. [PMID: 11274186 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m101398200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In the 60 S ribosomal subunit, the lateral stalk made of the P-proteins plays a major role in translation. It contains P0, an insoluble protein anchoring P1 and P2 to the ribosome. Here, rat recombinant P0 was overproduced in inclusion bodies and solubilized in complex with the other P-proteins. This method of solubilization appeared suitable to show protein complexes and revealed that P1, but not P2, interacted with P0. Furthermore, the use of truncated mutants of P1 and P2 indicated that residues 1-63 in P1 connected P0 to residues 1-65 in P2. Additional experiments resulted in the conclusion that P1 and P2 bound one another, either connected with P0 or free, as found in the cytoplasm. Accordingly, a model of association for the P-proteins in the stalk is proposed. Recombinant P0 in complex with phosphorylated P2 and either P1 or its (1-63) domain efficiently restored the proteosynthetic activity of 60 S subunits deprived of native P-proteins. Therefore, refolded P0 was functional and residues 1-63 only in P1 were essential. Furthermore, our results emphasize that the refolding principle used here is worth considering for solubilizing other insoluble proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Gonzalo
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale, Institut de Biologie et de Chimie des Protéines-Unité Mixte de Recherche 5086 CNRS, 7 Passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
A protein phosphatase dephosphorylating acidic ribosomal proteins was purified from Saccharomyces cerevisiae ribosome-free extract. It was shown that phosphoproteins from both P1 and P2 subfamilies as well as 60S "core" P0 protein were substrates for the enzyme. The phosphatase can dephosphorylate ribosomes as well as histones and casein but the two last substrates with significantly lower efficiency. It was found that the enzyme activity is Mn(2+)-dependent and inhibited by okadaic acid, tautomycin, cantharidin and nodularin at concentrations typical for protein phosphatase type 2A. The possible implications of those findings in the control of ribosome phosphorylation and therefore in the control of translation is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Pilecki
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Catholic University of Lublin, Poland
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Tchórzewski M, Boguszewska A, Dukowski P, Grankowski N. Oligomerization properties of the acidic ribosomal P-proteins from Saccharomyces cerevisiae: effect of P1A protein phosphorylation on the formation of the P1A-P2B hetero-complex. Biochim Biophys Acta 2000; 1499:63-73. [PMID: 11118639 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4889(00)00108-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Acidic ribosomal P-proteins form, in all eukaryotic cells, a lateral protuberance, the so-called 'stalk', which is directly involved in translational activity of the ribosomes. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells, there are four distinct P-proteins: P1A, P1B, P2A and P2B. In spite of the high level of their structural homology, they are not completely equivalent and may perform different functions. As yet, the protein-protein interactions between yeast P-proteins have not been fully defined. In this paper, the interplay between yeast P-proteins has been investigated by means of a two-hybrid system, chemical cross-linking and gel filtration. The data presented herein show that all P-proteins are able to form homo-oligomeric complexes. By analyzing hetero-interactions, we were able to detect strong interactions between P1A and P2B proteins. Additionally, the pair of P1B and P2A proteins is also able to form a hetero-complex, though at a very low efficiency. All P-proteins are phosphorylated by numerous protein kinases. Using the multifunctional protein kinase CK II, we have shown that incorporation of phosphate into P1A protein can exert its effect on the hetero-oligomerization process, namely by preventing the formation of the hetero-oligomer P1A-P/P2B. These findings are the first to show differences in the oligomerization behavior of the yeast P-proteins; moreover, they emphasize a significant impact of the phosphorylation on the formations of P-protein complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Tchórzewski
- Maria Curie-Sklłodowska University, Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Molecular Biology, Akademicka Street 19, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Xu J, Tan JW, Huang L, Gao XH, Laird R, Liu D, Wysocki S, Zheng MH. Cloning, sequencing, and functional characterization of the rat homologue of receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand. J Bone Miner Res 2000; 15:2178-86. [PMID: 11092398 DOI: 10.1359/jbmr.2000.15.11.2178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A complementary DNA (cDNA) encoding the rat homologue of receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand/osteoprotegerin ligand/osteoclast differentiation factor/tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related activation-induced cytokine (RANKL/OPGL/ODF/TRANCE) was cloned and sequenced from tibias of ovariectomized (OVX) rats. The predicted amino acid sequence of rat RANKL (rRANKL) has 84% and 96% identity to that of human and mouse RANKL, respectively, and 35% and 37% similarity to that of human and mouse TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), respectively. RANKL transcripts were expressed abundantly in the thymus and bone tissues of OVX rats. rRANKL has a single hydrophobic region between residues 53 and 69, which is most likely to serve as a transmembrane domain. The long C-terminal region containing beta-sheet-forming sequences of the TNF-like core is considered the extracellular region. Three truncated domains within the TNF-like core region were expressed as glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion proteins and investigated for their ability to induce osteoclastogenesis. The results showed that GST-rRANKL (aa160-318) containing the full TNF-like core region had the highest capability to induce the formation of osteoclast-like cells from RAW264.7 cells. GST-rRANKL (aa239-318 and aa160-268) had lesser degrees of osteoclast inductivity. Furthermore, the GST-rRANKL (aa160-318) is capable of (1) inducing osteoclast formation from rat spleen cells in the presence of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), (2) stimulating mature rat osteoclast polarization and bone resorption ex vivo, and (3) inducing systemic hypercalcemia in vivo; thus the full TNF-like core region of rRANKL is an important regulator of calcium homeostasis and osteoclastic function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The University of Western Australia, WA Institute for Medical Research, QEII Medical Center, Nedlands, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
Arabidopsis thaliana plants showed an increased tolerance to high-intensity light when pre-exposed to medium-intensity light. This response, known as light acclimatization, depended on the quantity of light, the period of irradiation, and the quality of light. Among characterized acclimatization-induced cDNA clones, we identified a zinc finger protein rhl41 (responsive to high light) gene, that was rapidly up-regulated in proportion to the time of irradiation and the light intensity. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants over-expressing the rhl41 gene showed an increased tolerance to high-intensity light, and also morphological changes of thicker and dark green leaves. Interestingly, the palisade parenchyma was highly developed in the leaves of the transgenic plants, which is one of the long-term acclimatization responses in Arabidopsis plants. The anthocyanin content (a light protectant) as well as the chlorophyll content also increased. Antisense transgenic plants exhibited decreased tolerance to high irradiation. We propose that the RHL41 zinc finger protein has a key role in the acclimatization response to changes in light intensity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Iida
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Sumitomo Chemical Co. Ltd, 2-1 Takatsukasa 4-chome, Takarazuka, Hyogo 665-8555, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Wood AJ, Joel Duff R, Oliver MJ. The translational apparatus of Tortula ruralis: polysomal retention of transcripts encoding the ribosomal proteins RPS14, RPS16 and RPL23 in desiccated and rehydrated gametophytes. J Exp Bot 2000; 51:1655-62. [PMID: 11053454 DOI: 10.1093/jexbot/51.351.1655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Tortula ruralis (Syntrichia ruralis) is an important model system for the study of plant vegetative desiccation tolerance. One of the most intriguing aspects of desiccation-tolerant plants is the maintenance of key cellular components in stable and viable forms in the desiccated state, particularly those related to the translational apparatus (i.e. ribosomes and ribosomal RNAs). This study investigated the third integral component of the translational apparatus, the ribosomal proteins. Three T. ruralis cDNAs encoding predicted polypeptides with significant similarity to ribosomal proteins were isolated from a cDNA expression library derived from the polysomal, messenger ribonucleoprotein particle (mRNP) fraction of desiccated gametophytes; Rps14 and Rps16 encode the small-subunit ribosomal proteins RPS14 and RPS16, respectively, and Rpl23 encodes the large-subunit ribosomal protein RPL23. RPS14, RPS16 and RPL23, the deduced polypeptides, have predicted molecular masses of 14.4 kDa, 16.2 kDa and 14.9 kDa and predicted pI's of 11.08, 10.34 and 10. 67, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences demonstrated that each of the T. ruralis proteins is most similar to ribosomal proteins from higher plants even though RPS14 and RPL23 show high divergence from their other plant counterparts. RNA blot hybridizations of RNAs present within the polysomal mRNP fraction (i.e. the 100 Kxg pellet) demonstrated that Rps14, Rps16 and Rpl23 are expressed in moss gametophytes during a desiccation-rehydration cycle and, according to the prior cDNA classification scheme in T. ruralis, are constitutive clones. These findings clearly demonstrated that Rps14, Rps16 and Rpl23 transcripts are retained within the polysomal fractions of desiccated gametophytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A J Wood
- Department of Plant Biology, Southern Illinois University-Carbondale, Carbondale, IL 62901-6509, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|