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Qian T, Gong Q, Shu Y, Shen H, Wu X, Wang W, Zhang Z, Cao H, Xu X. The Efficacy and Safety of Diazepam for Intraoperative Blood Pressure Stabilization in Hypertensive Patients Undergoing Vitrectomy Under Nerve Block Anesthesia: A Prospective, Single-Center, Double-Blind, Randomized, Controlled Trial. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2024; 20:9-18. [PMID: 38230372 PMCID: PMC10790667 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s441152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of diazepam in maintaining stable intraoperative blood pressure (BP) in hypertensive patients undergoing vitrectomy under nerve block anesthesia. Methods A total of 180 hypertensive patients undergoing vitrectomy with nerve block anesthesia were randomized into two groups. The intervention group was given oral diazepam 60 min before operation, while the control group was given oral placebo 60 min before operation. The primary outcome is the effective rate of intraoperative BP control, defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) during the operation maintained < 160 mmHg at all timepoints. The logistic regression model will be performed to analyze the compare risk factors for ineffective BP control. Results The effective rate of intraoperative SBP control in the diazepam group was significant higher than that in the placebo group from 15 min to 70 min of the surgery (P < 0.05). The proportion of patients with SBP ≥180 mmHg at any timepoint from operation to 1 h postoperation was higher in the placebo group (12.22%) than in the diazepam group (2.22%) (P = 0.0096). We observed that the change in SBP from baseline consistently remained higher in the placebo group than in the diazepam group. In the logistic regression analysis, age, years of diagnosed hypertension and SBP 1h before surgery were significant risk factors for ineffective BP control. Conclusion This study provides robust evidence supporting the effectiveness of oral diazepam as a pre-surgery intervention in maintaining stable blood pressure during vitrectomy in hypertensive patients. Trial Registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR), ChiCTR2100041772.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianwei Qian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Disease, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiaoyun Gong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Disease, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiyang Shu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Disease, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hangqi Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Disease, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xia Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Disease, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weijun Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Disease, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhihua Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Disease, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Cao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Disease, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xun Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Disease, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Peng Y, Yang H, Xue YH, Chen Q, Jin H, Liu S, Yao SY, Du MQ. An update on malignant tumor-related stiff person syndrome spectrum disorders: clinical mechanism, treatment, and outcomes. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1209302. [PMID: 37859648 PMCID: PMC10582361 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1209302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Stiff person syndrome (SPS) is a rare central nervous system disorder associated with malignancies. In this review, we retrieved information from PubMed, up until August 2023, using various search terms and their combinations, including SPS, stiff person syndrome spectrum disorders (SPSSDs), paraneoplastic, cancer, and malignant tumor. Data from peer-reviewed journals printed in English were organized to explain the possible relationships between different carcinomas and SPSSD subtypes, as well as related autoantigens. From literature searching, it was revealed that breast cancer was the most prevalent carcinoma linked to SPSSDs, followed by lung cancer and lymphoma. Furthermore, classic SPS was the most common SPSSD subtype, followed by stiff limb syndrome and progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus. GAD65 was the most common autoantigen in patients with cancer and SPSSDs, followed by amphiphysin and GlyR. Patients with cancer subtypes might have multiple SPSSD subtypes, and conversely, patients with SPSSD subtypes might have multiple carcinoma subtypes. The first aim of this review was to highlight the complex nature of the relationships among cancers, autoantigens, and SPSSDs as new information in this field continues to be generated globally. The adoption of an open-minded approach to updating information on new cancer subtypes, autoantigens, and SPSSDs is recommended to renew our database. The second aim of this review was to discuss SPS animal models, which will help us to understand the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of SPS. In future, elucidating the relationship among cancers, autoantigens, and SPSSDs is critical for the early prediction of cancer and discovery of new therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Peng
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated First Hospital of Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ya-hui Xue
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated First Hospital of Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Quan Chen
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated First Hospital of Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Hong Jin
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated First Hospital of Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Shu Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated First Hospital of Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Shun-yu Yao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated First Hospital of Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Miao-qiao Du
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated First Hospital of Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
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Papadopoulos VE, Papadimas GK, Androudi S, Anagnostouli M, Evangelopoulos ME. Stiff-Leg Syndrome Associated with Autoimmune Retinopathy and Its Treatment with IVIg-A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1361. [PMID: 37891730 PMCID: PMC10605544 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13101361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) have been predominantly associated with stiff-person syndrome (SPS), which is often accompanied by organ-specific autoimmune diseases, such as late-onset type 1 diabetes. Autoimmune retinal pathology in SPS has recently been suggested to coexist in patients suffering from this disease; however, evidence reporting potential treatment options for the neurological and visual symptoms these patients experience remains scarce. We provide a review of the relevant literature, presenting a rare case of a middle-aged woman with autoimmune retinopathy (AIR) followed by stiff-leg syndrome who responded to intravenous immune globulin treatment (IVIg). Our report adds to previously reported data supporting the efficacy of IVIg in SPS spectrum disorders while also proposing the potential effect of IVIg in treating SPS spectrum patients with coexisting AIR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassilis E Papadopoulos
- First Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Eginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - George K Papadimas
- First Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Eginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Sofia Androudi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Maria Anagnostouli
- First Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Eginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria-Eleftheria Evangelopoulos
- First Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Eginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece
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Delgado-Ramírez X, Alvarado-Cervantes NS, Jiménez-Barrios N, Raya-Tafolla G, Felix R, Martínez-Rojas VA, Delgado-Lezama R. GABA B Receptors Tonically Inhibit Motoneurons and Neurotransmitter Release from Descending and Primary Afferent Fibers. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1776. [PMID: 37629633 PMCID: PMC10456076 DOI: 10.3390/life13081776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Motoneurons receive thousands of excitatory and inhibitory synapses from descending tracts and primary afferent fibers. The excitability of these neurons must be precisely regulated to respond adequately to the requirements of the environment. In this context, GABAA and GABAB receptors regulate motoneuron synaptic strength. GABAA and GABAB receptors are expressed on primary afferent fibers and motoneurons, while in the descending afferent fibers, only the GABAB receptors are expressed. However, it remains to be known where the GABA that activates them comes from since the GABAergic interneurons that make axo-axonic contacts with primary afferents have yet to be identified in the descending afferent terminals. Thus, the main aim of the present report was to investigate how GABAB receptors functionally modulate synaptic strength between Ia afferent fibers, excitatory and inhibitory descending fibers of the dorsolateral funiculus, and spinal motoneurons. Using intracellular recordings from the spinal cord of the turtle, we provide evidence that the GABAB receptor antagonist, CGP55845, not only prevents baclofen-induced depression of EPSPs but also increases motoneuron excitability and enhances the synaptic strength between the afferent fibers and motoneurons. The last action of CGP55845 was similar in excitatory and inhibitory descending afferents. Interestingly, the action of baclofen was more intense in the Ia primary afferents than in the descending afferents. Even more, CGP55845 reversed the EPSP depression induced by the increased concentration of ambient GABA produced by interneuron activation and GABA transporter blockade. Immunofluorescence data corroborated the expression of GABAB receptors in the turtle's spinal cord. These findings suggest that GABAB receptors are extrasynaptic and tonically activated on descending afferent fibers and motoneurons by GABA released from astrocytes and GABAergic interneurons in the cellular microenvironment. Finally, our results also suggest that the antispastic action of baclofen may be due to reduced synaptic strength between descending fibers and motoneurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximena Delgado-Ramírez
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Centre for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (Cinvestav), Avenida IPN 2508, Col. Zacatenco, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Nara S. Alvarado-Cervantes
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Centre for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (Cinvestav), Avenida IPN 2508, Col. Zacatenco, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Natalie Jiménez-Barrios
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Centre for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (Cinvestav), Avenida IPN 2508, Col. Zacatenco, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Raya-Tafolla
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Centre for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (Cinvestav), Avenida IPN 2508, Col. Zacatenco, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Felix
- Department of Cell Biology, Cinvestav, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Vladimir A. Martínez-Rojas
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Centre for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (Cinvestav), Avenida IPN 2508, Col. Zacatenco, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Rodolfo Delgado-Lezama
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Centre for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (Cinvestav), Avenida IPN 2508, Col. Zacatenco, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
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5
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Wang Q, Wu S, Zou J, Liang X, Mou C, Zheng P, Chi YR. NHC-catalyzed enantioselective access to β-cyano carboxylic esters via in situ substrate alternation and release. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4878. [PMID: 37573355 PMCID: PMC10423276 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40645-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023] Open
Abstract
A carbene-catalyzed asymmetric access to chiral β-cyano carboxylic esters is disclosed. The reaction proceeds between β,β-disubstituted enals and aromatic thiols involving enantioselective protonation of enal β-carbon. Two main factors contribute to the success of this reaction. One involves in situ ultrafast addition of the aromatic thiol substrates to the carbon-carbon double bond of the enal substrate. This reaction converts almost all enal substrate to a Thiol-click Intermediate, significantly reducing aromatic thiol substrates concentration and suppressing the homo-coupling reaction of enals. Another factor is an in situ release of enal substrate from the Thiol-click Intermediate for the desired reaction to proceed effectively. The optically enriched β-cyano carboxylic esters from our method can be readily transformed to medicines that include γ-aminobutyric acids derivatives such as Rolipram. In addition to synthetic utilities, our control of reaction outcomes via in situ substrate modulation and release can likely inspire future reaction development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyun Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Shuquan Wu
- Center for Industrial Catalysis and Cleaning Process Development, School of Chemical Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Juan Zou
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Xuyang Liang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Chengli Mou
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Pengcheng Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Yonggui Robin Chi
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore.
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6
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Ham S, Kim HJ, Shin N, Hwang JH, Oh SJ, Park JY, Joo JC, Kim HT, Bhatia SK, Yang YH. Continuous production of gamma aminobutyric acid by engineered and immobilized Escherichia coli whole-cells in a small-scale reactor system. Enzyme Microb Technol 2023; 168:110258. [PMID: 37210798 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2023.110258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
γ-Amino butyric acid (GABA) is a non-proteinogenic amino acid and a human neurotransmitter. Recently, increasing demand for food additives and biodegradable bioplastic monomers, such as nylon 4, has been reported. Consequently, considerable efforts have been made to produce GABA through fermentation and bioconversion. To realize bioconversion, wild-type or recombinant strains harboring glutamate decarboxylase were paired with the cheap starting material monosodium glutamate, resulting in less by-product formation and faster production compared to fermentation. To increase the reusability and stability of whole-cell production systems, this study used an immobilization and continuous production system with a small-scale continuous reactor for gram-scale production. The cation type, alginate concentration, barium concentration, and whole-cell concentration in the beads were optimized and this optimization resulted in more than 95 % conversion of 600 mM monosodium glutamate to GABA in 3 h and reuse of the immobilized cells 15 times, whereas free cells lost all activity after the ninth reaction. When a continuous production system was applied after optimizing the buffer concentration, substrate concentration, and flow rate, 165 g of GABA was produced after 96 h of continuous operation in a 14-mL scale reactor. Our work demonstrates the efficient and economical production of GABA by immobilization and continuous production in a small-scale reactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sion Ham
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Kim
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nara Shin
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hyeon Hwang
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Jin Oh
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Young Park
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Chan Joo
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Taek Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Chungchung nam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Shashi Kant Bhatia
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yung-Hun Yang
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Hamada Abd-Allah W, Abd El-Mohsen Anwar M, Mohammed ER, Elbaset MA, El Moghazy SM. Exploring new cyclohexane carboxamides based GABA agonist: Design, synthesis, biological evaluation, in silico ADME and docking studies. Bioorg Chem 2023; 136:106561. [PMID: 37119786 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
The new series of 5a-e, 6a-e and 7a-e derivatives were designed, synthesized and tested for their anticonvulsant activity using "gold standard methods" ScPTZ and MES model, neurotoxicity, liver enzymes and neurochemical assay. Screening of the synthesized analogues exhibited variable anticonvulsant potential especially in chemically induced seizures. Quantification study showed that compounds 6d and 6e were the most potent analogues with ED50 44.77 and 11.31 mg/kg, respectively in ScPTZ test. Compound 6e (0.031 mmol/kg) was about 2 fold more potent than phenobarbital (0.056 mmol/kg) and was 30 folds more potent than Ethosuximide (0.92 mmol/kg) as reference standard drug. Moreover, all the synthesized compounds were screened for acute neurotoxicity using the rotarod method to recognize motor impairment, whereas all compounds devoid from neurotoxicity except compound 5a, 5b, 7a and 7e. The most active compounds were examined for acute toxicity and the estimates for LD50 were stated. Further neurochemical study was performed to investigate the effect of the most active compounds in ScPTZ test on GABA level in brain of the mice; a significant elevation in GABA level was obvious for compound 6d compared to control group confirming GABAergic modulating activity. Docking study was accomplished to examine the binding interaction of the newly synthesized analogues with GABA-AT enzyme. Additionally, physicochemical and pharmacokinetic parameters were predicted. The attained results indicate that the newly target compounds are considered a promising scaffolds for further development of newly anticonvulsants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa Hamada Abd-Allah
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Collage of Pharmaceutical Science and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology, P.O. 77, 6th of October City, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Mostafa Abd El-Mohsen Anwar
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Collage of Pharmaceutical Science and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology, P.O. 77, 6th of October City, Giza, Egypt
| | - Eman R Mohammed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, 11562 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marawan A Elbaset
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Samir M El Moghazy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, 11562 Cairo, Egypt
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8
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Shin HS, Lee SH, Moon HJ, So YH, Lee HR, Lee EH, Jung EM. Exposure to polystyrene particles causes anxiety-, depression-like behavior and abnormal social behavior in mice. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 454:131465. [PMID: 37130475 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In the era of plastic use, organisms are constantly exposed to polystyrene particles (PS-Ps). PS-Ps accumulated in living organisms exert negative effects on the body, although studies evaluating their effects on brain development are scarce. In this study, the effects of PS-Ps on nervous system development were investigated using cultured primary cortical neurons and mice exposed to PS-Ps at different stages of brain development. The gene expression associated with brain development was downregulated in embryonic brains following PS-Ps exposure, and Gabra2 expression decreased in the embryonic and adult mice exposed to PS-Ps. Additionally, offspring of PS-Ps-treated dams exhibited signs of anxiety- and depression-like behavior, and abnormal social behavior. We propose that PS-Ps accumulation in the brain disrupts brain development and behavior in mice. This study provides novel information regarding PS-Ps toxicity and its harmful effects on neural development and behavior in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Seung Shin
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Lee
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Jung Moon
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Hee So
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Ram Lee
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Hee Lee
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Man Jung
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
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9
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AlAbdulghafoor F, Behbehani R, Johar A, Alroughani R. Antiglutamate acid decarboxylase seropositive brain stem encephalitis. BMJ Case Rep 2023; 16:e254026. [PMID: 36898709 PMCID: PMC10008345 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2022-254026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This is a case of a previously healthy female in her fourties presenting with a subacute presentation of bilateral horizontal gaze restriction, with bilateral lower motor facial palsy. The patient's daughter has type 1 diabetes. On investigation, the patient's MRI revealed a lesion in the dorsal medial pons. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed albuminocytological dissociation, with a negative autoimmune panel. The patient was treated with intravenous immunoglobulin, and methylprednisolone for a total of 5 days and showed mild improvement. The patient had raised serum antiglutamic acid decarboxylase (anti-GAD) levels, and the final diagnosis of GAD seropositive brain stem encephalitis was made.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Abbas Johar
- Ministry of Health Kuwait, Kuwait City, Kuwait
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10
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Christidis P, Vij A, Petousis S, Ghaemmaghami J, Shah BV, Koutroulis I, Kratimenos P. Neuroprotective effect of Src kinase in hypoxia-ischemia: A systematic review. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1049655. [PMID: 36507364 PMCID: PMC9730728 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1049655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. While the application of therapeutic hypothermia has improved neurodevelopmental outcomes for some survivors of HIE, this lone treatment option is only available to a subset of affected neonates. Src kinase, an enzyme central to the apoptotic cascade, is a potential pharmacologic target to preserve typical brain development after HIE. Here, we present evidence of the neuroprotective effects of targeting Src kinase in preclinical models of HIE. Methods We performed a comprehensive literature search using the National Library of Medicine's MEDLINE database to compile studies examining the impact of Src kinase regulation on neurodevelopment in animal models. Each eligible study was assessed for bias. Results Twenty studies met the inclusion criteria, and most studies had an intermediate risk for bias. Together, these studies showed that targeting Src kinase resulted in a neuroprotective effect as assessed by neuropathology, enzymatic activity, and neurobehavioral outcomes. Conclusion Src kinase is an effective neuroprotective target in the setting of acute hypoxic injury. Src kinase inhibition triggers multiple signaling pathways of the sub-membranous focal adhesions and the nucleus, resulting in modulation of calcium signaling and prevention of cell death. Despite the significant heterogeneity of the research studies that we examined, the available evidence can serve as proof-of-concept for further studies on this promising therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Christidis
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Abhya Vij
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Stamatios Petousis
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Hippokrateion” General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Javid Ghaemmaghami
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Research Institute, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Bhairav V. Shah
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Prisma Health Children's Hospital-Midlands, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Ioannis Koutroulis
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Emergency Medicine, Children's National Hospital, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Panagiotis Kratimenos
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Research Institute, Washington, DC, United States,Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's National Hospital, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States,*Correspondence: Panagiotis Kratimenos
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11
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Qi W, Fu H, Luo X, Ren Y, Liu X, Dai H, Zheng Q, Liang F. Electroacupuncture at PC6 (Neiguan) Attenuates Angina Pectoris in Rats with Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Through Regulating the Alternative Splicing of the Major Inhibitory Neurotransmitter Receptor GABRG2. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2022; 15:1176-1191. [PMID: 35377129 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-022-10245-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Angina pectoris is the most common manifestation of coronary heart disease, causing suffering in patients. Electroacupuncture at PC6 can effectively alleviate angina by regulating the expression of genes, whether the alternative splicing (AS) of genes is affected by acupuncture is still unknown. We established a rat model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion by coronary artery ligation and confirmed electroacupuncture alleviated the abnormal discharge caused by angina pectoris measured in EMG electromyograms. Analysis of the GSE61840 dataset established that AS events were altered after I/R and regulated by electroacupuncture. I/R decreased the expression of splicing factor Nova1 while electroacupuncture rescued it. Further experiments in dorsal root ganglion cells showed Nova1 regulated the AS of the GABRG2, specifically on its exon 9 where an important phosphorylation site is present. In vivo, results also showed that electroacupuncture can restore AS of GABRG2. Our results proved that electroacupuncture alleviates angina results by regulating alternative splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchuan Qi
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongjuan Fu
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinye Luo
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanrong Ren
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China.,Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, 030002, Shanxi, China
| | - Xueying Liu
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China.,Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, 030002, Shanxi, China
| | - Hongyuan Dai
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Qianhua Zheng
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China
| | - Fanrong Liang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China.
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12
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Ju Y, Tam KY. Pathological mechanisms and therapeutic strategies for Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:543-549. [PMID: 34380884 PMCID: PMC8504384 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.320970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a rather complex neurodegenerative disease, which is attributed to a combination of multiple factors. Among the many pathological pathways, synaptic dysfunctions, such as synapses loss and deficits in synaptic plasticity, were thought to be strongly associated with cognitive decline. The deficiencies in various sorts of neurotransmissions are responsible for the multifarious neurodegenerative symptoms in Alzheimer's disease, for example, the cholinergic and glutamatergic deficits for cognitive decline, the excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission dyshomeostasis for synaptic plasticity deficits and epileptiform symptoms, and the monoamine neurotransmission for neuropsychiatric symptoms. Amyloid cascade hypothesis is the most popular pathological theory to explain Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis and attracts considerable attention. Multiple lines of genetic and pathological evidence support the predominant role of amyloid beta in Alzheimer's disease pathology. Neurofibrillary tangles assembled by microtubule-associated protein tau are other important histopathological characteristics in Alzheimer's disease brains. Cascade of tau toxicity was proved to lead to neuron damage, neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in brain. Ageing is the main risk factor of neurodegenerative diseases, and is associated with inflammation, oxidative stress, reduced metabolism, endocrine insufficiencies and organ failures. These aging related risk factors were also proved to be some of the risk factors contributing to Alzheimer's disease. In Alzheimer's disease drug development, many good therapeutic strategies have been investigated in clinical evaluations. However, complex mechanism of Alzheimer's disease and the interplay among different pathological factors call for the come out of all-powerful therapies with multiple curing functions. This review seeks to summarize some of the representative treatments targeting different pathological pathways currently under clinical evaluations. Multi-target therapies as an emerging strategy for Alzheimer's disease treatment will be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaojun Ju
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau Special Adiministrative Region, China
| | - Kin Yip Tam
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau Special Adiministrative Region, China
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13
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Shin TJ, Kim PJ, Choi B. How general anesthetics work: from the perspective of reorganized connections within the brain. Korean J Anesthesiol 2022; 75:124-138. [PMID: 35130674 PMCID: PMC8980288 DOI: 10.4097/kja.22078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
General anesthesia is critical for various procedures and surgeries. Despite the widespread use of anesthetics, their precise mechanisms remain poorly understood. Anesthetics inevitably act on the brain, primarily through the modulation of target receptors. Even if the action is specific to an individual neuron, however, long-range effects can occur due to the tremendous interconnectedness of neuronal activity. The strength of this connectivity can be understood using mathematical models that allow for the study of neuronal connectivity dynamics. These models also allow researchers to develop hypotheses on the candidate mechanisms of action of different types of anesthesia. This review highlights the theoretical background associated with the study of the mechanisms of action of anesthetics. We propose a candidate framework that describes how anesthetics act on the brain and consciousness in general.
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14
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Kurata S, Umezu K, Takamori H, Hiradate Y, Hara K, Tanemura K. Exogenous gamma-aminobutyric acid addition enhances porcine sperm acrosome reaction. Anim Sci J 2022; 93:e13744. [PMID: 35699686 PMCID: PMC9286608 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The widely used porcine artificial insemination procedure involves the use of liquid‐stored semen because it is difficult to control the quality of frozen–thawed porcine sperm. Therefore, there is a high demand for porcine semen. The control and enhancement of sperm function are required for the efficient reproduction of pigs. We previously reported that gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) enhanced sperm capacitation and acrosome reaction in mice. In this study, we demonstrated the presence of GABAA receptors in porcine sperm acrosome. Furthermore, we investigated the GABA effects on porcine sperm function. We did not detect any marked effect of GABA on sperm motility and tyrosine phosphorylation of sperm proteins. However, GABA promoted acrosome reaction, which was suppressed by a selective GABAA receptor antagonist. GABA binds to GABAA receptors, resulting in chloride ion influx. We found that treatment with 1 μM GABA increased the intracellular concentration of chloride ion in the sperm. In addition, the GABA concentration effective in the acrosome reaction was correlated with the porcine sperm concentration. These results indicate that GABA and its receptors can act as modulators of acrosome reaction. This study is the first to report the effects of GABA on porcine sperm function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouhei Kurata
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Development, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kohei Umezu
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hironori Takamori
- Miyagi Prefectural Livestock Experimental Station, Osaki, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yuuki Hiradate
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenshiro Hara
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Development, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kentaro Tanemura
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Development, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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15
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Eradath MK, Pinsk MA, Kastner S. A causal role for the pulvinar in coordinating task-independent cortico-cortical interactions. J Comp Neurol 2021; 529:3772-3784. [PMID: 34013540 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The pulvinar is the largest nucleus in the primate thalamus and has topographically organized connections with multiple cortical areas, thereby forming extensive cortico-pulvino-cortical input-output loops. Neurophysiological studies have suggested a role for these transthalamic pathways in regulating information transmission between cortical areas. However, evidence for a causal role of the pulvinar in regulating cortico-cortical interactions is sparse and it is not known whether pulvinar's influences on cortical networks are task-dependent or, alternatively, reflect more basic large-scale network properties that maintain functional connectivity across networks regardless of active task demands. In the current study, under passive viewing conditions, we conducted simultaneous electrophysiological recordings from ventral (area V4) and dorsal (lateral intraparietal area [LIP]) nodes of macaque visual system, while reversibly inactivating the dorsal part of the lateral pulvinar (dPL), which shares common anatomical connectivity with V4 and LIP, to probe a causal role of the pulvinar. Our results show a significant reduction in local field potential phase coherence between LIP and V4 in low frequencies (4-15 Hz) following muscimol injection into dPL. At the local level, no significant changes in firing rates or LFP power were observed in LIP or in V4 following dPL inactivation. Synchronization between pulvinar spikes and cortical LFP phase decreased in low frequencies (4-15 Hz) both in LIP and V4, while the low frequency synchronization between LIP spikes and pulvinar phase increased. These results indicate a causal role for pulvinar in synchronizing neural activity between interconnected cortical nodes of a large-scale network, even in the absence of an active task state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj K Eradath
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Mark A Pinsk
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Sabine Kastner
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA.,Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
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16
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GABAergic Mechanisms Can Redress the Tilted Balance between Excitation and Inhibition in Damaged Spinal Networks. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:3769-3786. [PMID: 33826070 PMCID: PMC8279998 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02370-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Correct operation of neuronal networks depends on the interplay between synaptic excitation and inhibition processes leading to a dynamic state termed balanced network. In the spinal cord, balanced network activity is fundamental for the expression of locomotor patterns necessary for rhythmic activation of limb extensor and flexor muscles. After spinal cord lesion, paralysis ensues often followed by spasticity. These conditions imply that, below the damaged site, the state of balanced networks has been disrupted and that restoration might be attempted by modulating the excitability of sublesional spinal neurons. Because of the widespread expression of inhibitory GABAergic neurons in the spinal cord, their role in the early and late phases of spinal cord injury deserves full attention. Thus, an early surge in extracellular GABA might be involved in the onset of spinal shock while a relative deficit of GABAergic mechanisms may be a contributor to spasticity. We discuss the role of GABA A receptors at synaptic and extrasynaptic level to modulate network excitability and to offer a pharmacological target for symptom control. In particular, it is proposed that activation of GABA A receptors with synthetic GABA agonists may downregulate motoneuron hyperexcitability (due to enhanced persistent ionic currents) and, therefore, diminish spasticity. This approach might constitute a complementary strategy to regulate network excitability after injury so that reconstruction of damaged spinal networks with new materials or cell transplants might proceed more successfully.
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17
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Luo Y, Sun Y, Tian X, Zheng X, Wang X, Li W, Wu X, Shu B, Hou W. Deep Brain Stimulation for Alzheimer's Disease: Stimulation Parameters and Potential Mechanisms of Action. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:619543. [PMID: 33776742 PMCID: PMC7990787 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.619543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a neurosurgical technique that regulates neuron activity by using internal pulse generators to electrodes in specific target areas of the brain. As a blind treatment, DBS is widely used in the field of mental and neurological diseases, although its mechanism of action is still unclear. In the past 10 years, DBS has shown a certain positive effect in animal models and patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), but there are also different results that may be related to the stimulation parameters of DBS. Based on this, determining the optimal stimulation parameters for DBS in AD and understanding its mechanism of action are essential to promote the clinical application of DBS in AD. This review aims to explore the therapeutic effect of DBS in AD, and to analyze its stimulation parameters and potential mechanism of action. The keywords "Deep brain stimulation" and "Alzheimer's Disease" were used for systematic searches in the literature databases of Web of Science and PubMed (from 1900 to September 29, 2020). All human clinical studies and animal studies were reported in English, including individual case studies and long-term follow-up studies, were included. These studies described the therapeutic effects of DBS in AD. The results included 16 human clinical studies and 14 animal studies, of which 28 studies clearly demonstrated the positive effect of DBS in AD. We analyzed the current stimulation parameters of DBS in AD from stimulation target, stimulation frequency, stimulation start time, stimulation duration, unilateral/bilateral treatment and current intensity, etc., and we also discussed its potential mechanism of action from multiple aspects, including regulating related neural networks, promoting nerve oscillation, reducing β-amyloid and tau levels, reducing neuroinflammation, regulating the cholinergic system, inducing the synthesis of nerve growth factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinpei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuwei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuelong Tian
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Medical Electronics Engineering Technology Research Center, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaolin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Medical Electronics Engineering Technology Research Center, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Medical Electronics Engineering Technology Research Center, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weina Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoying Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Medical Electronics Engineering Technology Research Center, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Shu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wensheng Hou
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Medical Electronics Engineering Technology Research Center, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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18
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Synthesis and anticonvulsant evaluation of indoline derivatives of functionalized aryloxadiazole amine and benzothiazole acetamide. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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19
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Augier E. Recent Advances in the Potential of Positive Allosteric Modulators of the GABAB Receptor to Treat Alcohol Use Disorder. Alcohol Alcohol 2021; 56:139-148. [PMID: 33561865 PMCID: PMC7906877 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agab003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims The effects of alcohol on gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transmission are key for the development and maintenance of alcohol use disorder (AUD). Previous research consistently indicates that GABAB receptor agonists such as baclofen can attenuate addiction-related behaviors in preclinical models of AUD. More importantly, baclofen has also shown promise in clinical studies, particularly in severely alcohol-dependent patients. However, despite this promise, other clinical studies have not confirmed its efficacy and chiefly, larger clinical trials have not been conducted. Therefore, with the exception of France, baclofen is not approved for the treatment of AUD in any other country. Furthermore, it is also important to keep in mind that some patients treated with baclofen may experience important side-effects, including sedation, drowsiness and sleepiness. Methods This short review will first discuss the history of baclofen for AUD treatment. We will then summarize preclinical behavioral results that have investigated the efficacy of GABAB PAMs for addiction treatment, with a special focus on our recent work that investigated the effects of ADX71441, a novel GABAB PAM, on several alcohol-related behaviors in rats that model important aspects of human AUD. Finally, in light of the recent criticism about the translational value of animal models of addiction, the specific translational potential of our work and of other preclinical studies that have unanimously reported the efficacy of GABAB PAMs to attenuate multiple alcohol-related behaviors will be discussed. Results Positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of the GABAB receptor offer an attractive alternative approach to baclofen and have the potential to achieve mechanistic and therapeutic effects similar to GABAB agonists, while avoiding the tolerance and toxicity issues associated with baclofen. To date, all preclinical behavioral results have invariably shown the efficacy of GABAB PAMs for addiction treatment. Conclusions Preclinical studies indicate that GABAB PAMs have a higher therapeutic index than orthosteric agonists, at least in terms of mitigating the sedative effects of GABAB agonism. This predicts that GABAB PAMs have a high translational potential in humans and merit being tested clinically, in particular in patients with severe AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Augier
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, BKV, Linköping University, Linköping 58183, Sweden
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20
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Lin H, Gao X, Yao H, Luo Q, Xiang B, Liu C, Ouyang Y, Zhou N, Xiang D. Immobilization of a Pd(ii)-containing N-heterocyclic carbene ligand on porous organic polymers: efficient and recyclable catalysts for Suzuki–Miyaura reactions. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy00021g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Two NHC–Pd(ii) complexes immobilized on porous organic polymers were successfully prepared via Scholl reactions and metallization. These complexes were applied in Suzuki–Miyaura reaction as heterogeneous catalysts with excellent yield and TON.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Lin
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Preparation Technology of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) Fiber Material
- Key Laboratory of Research and Utilization of Ethnomedicinal Plant Resources of Hunan Province
- College of chemical and materials engineering
- Huaihua University
- Huaihua 418000
| | - Xiyue Gao
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Preparation Technology of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) Fiber Material
- Key Laboratory of Research and Utilization of Ethnomedicinal Plant Resources of Hunan Province
- College of chemical and materials engineering
- Huaihua University
- Huaihua 418000
| | - Huan Yao
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Preparation Technology of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) Fiber Material
- Key Laboratory of Research and Utilization of Ethnomedicinal Plant Resources of Hunan Province
- College of chemical and materials engineering
- Huaihua University
- Huaihua 418000
| | - Qionglin Luo
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Preparation Technology of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) Fiber Material
- Key Laboratory of Research and Utilization of Ethnomedicinal Plant Resources of Hunan Province
- College of chemical and materials engineering
- Huaihua University
- Huaihua 418000
| | - Bailin Xiang
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Preparation Technology of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) Fiber Material
- Key Laboratory of Research and Utilization of Ethnomedicinal Plant Resources of Hunan Province
- College of chemical and materials engineering
- Huaihua University
- Huaihua 418000
| | - Cijie Liu
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Preparation Technology of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) Fiber Material
- Key Laboratory of Research and Utilization of Ethnomedicinal Plant Resources of Hunan Province
- College of chemical and materials engineering
- Huaihua University
- Huaihua 418000
| | - Yuejun Ouyang
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Preparation Technology of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) Fiber Material
- Key Laboratory of Research and Utilization of Ethnomedicinal Plant Resources of Hunan Province
- College of chemical and materials engineering
- Huaihua University
- Huaihua 418000
| | - Nonglin Zhou
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Preparation Technology of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) Fiber Material
- Key Laboratory of Research and Utilization of Ethnomedicinal Plant Resources of Hunan Province
- College of chemical and materials engineering
- Huaihua University
- Huaihua 418000
| | - Dexuan Xiang
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Preparation Technology of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) Fiber Material
- Key Laboratory of Research and Utilization of Ethnomedicinal Plant Resources of Hunan Province
- College of chemical and materials engineering
- Huaihua University
- Huaihua 418000
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21
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Gehlen J, Esser S, Schaffrath K, Johnen S, Walter P, Müller F. Blockade of Retinal Oscillations by Benzodiazepines Improves Efficiency of Electrical Stimulation in the Mouse Model of RP, rd10. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020; 61:37. [PMID: 33252632 PMCID: PMC7705397 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.13.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose In RP, photoreceptors degenerate. Retinal prostheses are considered a suitable strategy to restore vision. In animal models of RP, a pathologic rhythmic activity seems to compromise the efficiency of retinal ganglion cell stimulation by an electrical prosthesis. We, therefore, strove to eliminate this pathologic activity. Methods Electrophysiologic recordings of local field potentials and spike activity of retinal ganglion cells were obtained in vitro from retinae of wild-type and rd10 mice using multielectrode arrays. Retinae were stimulated electrically. Results The efficiency of electrical stimulation was lower in rd10 retina than in wild-type retina and this was highly correlated with the presence of oscillations in retinal activity. Glycine and GABA, as well as the benzodiazepines diazepam, lorazepam, and flunitrazepam, abolished retinal oscillations and, most important, increased the efficiency of electrical stimulation to values similar to those in wild-type retina. Conclusions Treatment of patients with these benzodiazepines may offer a way to improve the performance of retinal implants in cases with poor implant proficiency. This study may open the way to a therapy that supports electrical stimulation by prostheses with pharmacologic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Gehlen
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Molecular and Cellular Physiology, IBI-1, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Stefan Esser
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Molecular and Cellular Physiology, IBI-1, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Kim Schaffrath
- Department of Ophthalmology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sandra Johnen
- Department of Ophthalmology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Peter Walter
- Department of Ophthalmology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Frank Müller
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Molecular and Cellular Physiology, IBI-1, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
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Ribordy Lambert F, Wicht CA, Mouthon M, Spierer L. Acute alcohol intoxication and expectations reshape the spatiotemporal functional architecture of executive control. Neuroimage 2020; 215:116811. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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23
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Aghamiri H, Shafaroodi H, Asgarpanah J. Anticonvulsant Activity of Essential Oil From Leaves of Zhumeria majdae (Rech.) in Mice: The Role of GABA A Neurotransmission and the Nitric Oxide Pathway. Clin Transl Sci 2020; 13:785-797. [PMID: 32027449 PMCID: PMC7359939 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The essential oil from the leaves of Zhumeria majdae Rech. (ZMEO) has been shown to have several beneficial effects in the clinic. In this work we examined the anticonvulsant activities of ZMEO in an experimental mouse model of seizure and aimed to identify any possible underlying mechanisms. ZMEO (5, 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg intraperitoneally (i.p.)) or diazepam, as the reference anticonvulsant drug (25, 50 and 100 µg/kg i.p.), were administered 60 minutes prior to pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) injection (intravenously (i.v.) or i.p.) and changes in threshold, latency, and frequency of clonic seizure were examined. The PTZ i.p.-induced model of seizure was also applied for examining the protective effects of ZMEO pretreatment against PTZ-induced mortality. In some studies, the anticonvulsant effect of the combination of diazepam and ZMEO was also studied. The protective effects of ZMEO against hindlimb tonic extensions (HLTEs) were also examined by maximal electroshock (MES) seizure testing. The γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic mechanism and nitric oxide (NO) pathway involvement in anticonvulsant activity of ZMEO were assessed by pretreating animals with flumazenil, Nω -nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), aminoguanidine, and L-arginine in a PTZ-induced model of seizure. Administration of 20 mg/kg ZMEO significantly increased chronic seizure threshold and latency while reducing frequency of convulsions and mortality in the PTZ-induced model. In the doses studied, ZMEO could not protect mice from HLTE and mortality induced by MES. Pretreatment with L-arginine and diazepam potentiated the anticonvulsant effects of ZMEO, whereas pretreatment with L-NAME, aminoguanidine, and flumazenil reversed anticonvulsant activity. The anticonvulsant activity of ZMEO may be mediated in part through a GABAergic mechanism and the NO signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helia Aghamiri
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyFaculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesTehran Medical SciencesIslamic Azad UniversityTehranIran
- Department of PharmacologySchool of MedicineIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Hamed Shafaroodi
- Department of PharmacologySchool of MedicineTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Jinous Asgarpanah
- Department of PharmacognosyFaculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesTehran Medical SciencesIslamic Azad UniversityTehranIran
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Dade M, Berzero G, Izquierdo C, Giry M, Benazra M, Delattre JY, Psimaras D, Alentorn A. Neurological Syndromes Associated with Anti-GAD Antibodies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3701. [PMID: 32456344 PMCID: PMC7279468 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) is an intracellular enzyme whose physiologic function is the decarboxylation of glutamate to gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the main inhibitory neurotransmitter within the central nervous system. GAD antibodies (Ab) have been associated with multiple neurological syndromes, including stiff-person syndrome, cerebellar ataxia, and limbic encephalitis, which are all considered to result from reduced GABAergic transmission. The pathogenic role of GAD Ab is still debated, and some evidence suggests that GAD autoimmunity might primarily be cell-mediated. Diagnosis relies on the detection of high titers of GAD Ab in serum and/or in the detection of GAD Ab in the cerebrospinal fluid. Due to the relative rarity of these syndromes, treatment schemes and predictors of response are poorly defined, highlighting the unmet need for multicentric prospective trials in this population. Here, we reviewed the main clinical characteristics of neurological syndromes associated with GAD Ab, focusing on pathophysiologic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maëlle Dade
- AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, 75013 Paris, France; (M.D.); (G.B.); (J.-Y.D.); (D.P.)
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, 75013 Paris, France; (M.G.); (M.B.)
| | - Giulia Berzero
- AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, 75013 Paris, France; (M.D.); (G.B.); (J.-Y.D.); (D.P.)
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, 75013 Paris, France; (M.G.); (M.B.)
- Neuroncology Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Cristina Izquierdo
- Department of Neuroscience, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08916 Badalona, Spain;
| | - Marine Giry
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, 75013 Paris, France; (M.G.); (M.B.)
| | - Marion Benazra
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, 75013 Paris, France; (M.G.); (M.B.)
| | - Jean-Yves Delattre
- AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, 75013 Paris, France; (M.D.); (G.B.); (J.-Y.D.); (D.P.)
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, 75013 Paris, France; (M.G.); (M.B.)
| | - Dimitri Psimaras
- AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, 75013 Paris, France; (M.D.); (G.B.); (J.-Y.D.); (D.P.)
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, 75013 Paris, France; (M.G.); (M.B.)
| | - Agusti Alentorn
- AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, 75013 Paris, France; (M.D.); (G.B.); (J.-Y.D.); (D.P.)
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, 75013 Paris, France; (M.G.); (M.B.)
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25
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Wearne TA, Cornish JL. Inhibitory regulation of the prefrontal cortex following behavioral sensitization to amphetamine and/or methamphetamine psychostimulants: A review of GABAergic mechanisms. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 95:109681. [PMID: 31255648 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.109681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Behavioral sensitization to repeated psychostimulant administration has been proposed to reflect many of the neurochemical and behavioral changes that are characteristic of a range of disorders, including drug addiction and psychoses. While previous studies have examined the role of dopamine and glutamate neurotransmission in mediating sensitization, particularly within the prefrontal cortex (PFC), the role of inhibitory GABAergic processing of the PFC in the expression of sensitization is not well understood. Recent research, however, has proposed an emerging role of GABA synthesis, reuptake, ionotropic and metabotropic receptor regulation, and interneuronal changes following sensitization to methamphetamine and/or amphetamine within the PFC. The aim of this review, therefore, is to synthesize research findings on changes to the GABAergic network following sensitization induced by amphetamines (i.e., amphetamine and/or methamphetamine) in the PFC. In addition to providing an overview of global PFC changes, we also provide evidence of regional specific inhibitory influences on sensitized circuitry, focusing on the prelimbic and orbitofrontal cortices. We propose a neural circuit through which inhibitory PFC GABA changes mediate sensitized disease states, focusing on the interaction between the prelimbic and orbitofrontal cortices with subcortical brain structures and the mesolimbic system. Methodological considerations and avenues for future research are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis A Wearne
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
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26
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Moreira N, Vicente FL, Sandini TM, Martinelli ECL, Navas-Suárez PE, Reis-Silva TM, Spinosa HS. Effects of ivermectin treatment during prepubertal and pubertal period on sexual parameters and sexual behavior in adulthood in rats. Res Vet Sci 2019; 129:21-27. [PMID: 31927177 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Pediculosis is a parasitic disease that is considered a serious global public health problem. It is caused by the ectoparasite that is popularly known as lice, mainly affecting children in early childhood. The most commonly used treatment to combat this parasitosis is the macrocyclic lactone ivermectin (IVM). However, the use of IVM is contraindicated in children who are younger than 5 years old or who weigh <15 kg because some types of drugs that are used during certain periods of brain maturation can lead to behavioral disorders. The present study evaluated the effects of IVM treatment during the prepubertal and pubertal period on sexual behavior in adulthood in male rats. Genital grooming, preputial separation, sexual behavior, sexual motivation, relative organ weight, the gonadosomatic index, and histopathology were evaluated. Oral dose of 0.2 mg/kg (therapeutic dose) of a commercial IVM formulation was administered. IVM affected genital grooming but did not influence preputial separation in prepubertal rats. Prepubertal IVM administration did not impair sexual behavior in adult rats, with the exception of the time of residence with female rats in the sexual motivation test. It did not affect relative organ weights, with the exception of the relative weight of the full seminal vesicle. It did not alter the gonadosomatic index, and no histopathological alterations were observed in different organs. These results indicate that administration of a therapeutic dose of IVM during the prepubertal and pubertal period does not alter parameters of sexual development or sexual behavior in adult male rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Moreira
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Graduate Program of Enviromental and Experimental Pathology and Graduate Program of Dentistry, Paulista University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - F L Vicente
- Student of Health Science Institute, Presbiterian Mackenzie University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - T M Sandini
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - E C L Martinelli
- Research Center of Veterinary Toxicology (CEPTOX), Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - P E Navas-Suárez
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - T M Reis-Silva
- Graduate Program of Enviromental and Experimental Pathology and Graduate Program of Dentistry, Paulista University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - H S Spinosa
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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27
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Tillman L, Zhang J. Crossing the Chloride Channel: The Current and Potential Therapeutic Value of the Neuronal K +-Cl - Cotransporter KCC2. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:8941046. [PMID: 31240228 PMCID: PMC6556333 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8941046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Chloride (Cl-) homeostasis is an essential process involved in neuronal signalling and cell survival. Inadequate regulation of intracellular Cl- interferes with synaptic signalling and is implicated in several neurological diseases. The main inhibitory neurotransmitter of the central nervous system is γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). GABA hyperpolarises the membrane potential by activating Cl- permeable GABAA receptor channels (GABAAR). This process is reliant on Cl- extruder K+-Cl- cotransporter 2 (KCC2), which generates the neuron's inward, hyperpolarising Cl- gradient. KCC2 is encoded by the fifth member of the solute carrier 12 family (SLC12A5) and has remained a poorly understood component in the development and severity of many neurological diseases for many years. Recent advancements in next-generation sequencing and specific gene targeting, however, have indicated that loss of KCC2 activity is involved in a number of diseases including epilepsy and schizophrenia. It has also been implicated in neuropathic pain following spinal cord injury. Any variant of SLC12A5 that negatively regulates the transporter's expression may, therefore, be implicated in neurological disease. A recent whole exome study has discovered several causative mutations in patients with epilepsy. Here, we discuss the implications of KCC2 in neurological disease and consider the evolving evidence for KCC2's potential as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Tillman
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Medical School, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Hatherly Laboratories, Exeter EX4 4PS, UK
| | - Jinwei Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Medical School, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Hatherly Laboratories, Exeter EX4 4PS, UK
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28
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Mazzone GL, Nistri A. Modulation of extrasynaptic GABAergic receptor activity influences glutamate release and neuronal survival following excitotoxic damage to mouse spinal cord neurons. Neurochem Int 2019; 128:175-185. [PMID: 31051211 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Excitotoxic levels of released glutamate trigger a cascade of deleterious cellular events leading to delayed neuronal death. This phenomenon implies extensive dysregulation in the balance between network excitation and inhibition. Our hypothesis was that enhancing network inhibition should prevent excitotoxicity and provide neuroprotection. To test this notion, we used mouse organotypic spinal slice cultures and explored if excitotoxicity caused by the potent glutamate analogue kainate was blocked by pharmacological increase in GABAA receptor activity. To this end we monitored (with a biosensor) real-time glutamate release following 1 h kainate application and quantified neuronal survival 24 h later. Glutamate release evoked by kainate was strongly decreased by the allosteric GABAA modulator midazolam (10 nM) or the GABA agonist THIP (10 μM), leading to neuroprotection. On the contrary, much higher glutamate release was induced by the GABA antagonist bicuculline (20 μM) that inhibits synaptic and extrasynaptic GABAA receptors. Gabazine (20 μM), an antagonist of synaptic GABAA receptors, had no effect on glutamate release or neuroprotection. No effect was observed with the glycine antagonist strychnine or the glycine agonist L-alanine. These findings indicate that enhancement of GABA receptor activity was an effective tool to counteract excitotoxic death in spinal networks. In view of the potent activity by THIP, preferentially acting on extrasynaptic GABAA receptors, the present data imply a significant role for extrasynaptic GABAA receptors in sparing spinal cord neurons from injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graciela L Mazzone
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IIMT), CONICET-Universidad Austral, Derqui-Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Andrea Nistri
- Neuroscience Dept., International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
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29
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Moreira N, Torres MA, Navas-Suárez PE, Gonçalves V, Raspantini PCF, Raspantini LER, Gotardo AT, Andrade AFC, Spinosa HS. Ivermectin does not interfere with seminal and hormonal parameters in male rabbits. Theriogenology 2019; 124:32-38. [PMID: 30336301 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Ivermectin (IVM) is a macrocyclic lactone used as a broad spectrum antiparasitic agent against nematodes and arthropods. It is mainly used in the control of parasitic infections of domestic animals, and recently has been used in humans to treat onchocerciasis, scabies, and pediculosis. In mammals, evidence has indicated that macrocyclic lactones interact with gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-mediated chloride channels. The GABAergic system is known to be involved in the manifestation of sexual behavior, and previous studies have shown that IVM impaired sexual behavior in both male and female rats. Thus, considering that IVM may interfere with the sexual sphere, this study evaluated the temporal (1 up 60 days) effects of exposure to IVM (0.2 and 1.0 mg/kg, administered subcutaneously) on seminal and hormonal parameters of male rabbits. In male rabbits, the spermatozoa concentration, motility and morphology, the integrity of the plasmatic, acrosomal and mitochondrial membranes of the spermatozoa, the organ weights, gonadosomatic index, serum testosterone concentrations, histopathological findings were evaluated and hematological and serum biochemical analysis was conducted. No changes were observed in male seminal parameters evaluated by spermatozoa concentration, motility, and morphology, nor the potential for fertilization evaluated by the integrity of the plasmatic, acrosomal, and mitochondrial membranes of the spermatozoa; there was also no interference in serum testosterone concentration, serum biochemistry and hematological parameters. The findings of this study using the artificial vagina for collection of semen and computer-assisted semen analysis showed that IVM at doses of 0.2 and 1.0 mg/kg of SC did not alter any of the semen parameters of rabbits evaluated for up to 60 days after administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Moreira
- Graduate Program of Experimental and Comparative Pathology, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, São Paulo, SP, 05508-270, Brazil.
| | - M A Torres
- Graduate Program of Animal Reproduction, Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga, SP, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - P E Navas-Suárez
- Graduate Program of Experimental and Comparative Pathology, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, São Paulo, SP, 05508-270, Brazil
| | - V Gonçalves
- Graduate Program of Experimental and Comparative Pathology, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, São Paulo, SP, 05508-270, Brazil
| | - P C F Raspantini
- Research Center of Veterinary Toxicology (CEPTOX), Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga, SP, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - L E R Raspantini
- Research Center of Veterinary Toxicology (CEPTOX), Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga, SP, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - A T Gotardo
- Research Center of Veterinary Toxicology (CEPTOX), Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga, SP, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - A F C Andrade
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga, SP, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - H S Spinosa
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, São Paulo, SP, 05508-270, Brazil
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30
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Sahraei H, Askaripour M, Esmaeilpour K, Shahsavari F, Rajabi S, Moradi-Kor N. GABA B receptor activation ameliorates spatial memory impairments in stress-exposed rats. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2019; 15:1497-1506. [PMID: 31213819 PMCID: PMC6549409 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s205951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Due to the prevalence of stress in modern life and its impact on spatial memory, the role of inhibitory systems in brain areas such as the nucleus accumbens (NAc) in reducing stress is important. The current study aimed to examine the response of NAc shell GABAB receptors to stress and the role of intraperitoneally (i.p.) and intra-NAc injection of the GABAB receptor agonist baclofen on spatial memory impairments in stress-exposed rats. Methods: Eighty adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into ten groups (n=8): two were control groups for intra-NAc and i.p baclofen; two groups were subjected to stress and injected with saline (baclofen vehicle); three groups were given baclofen (1, 5, and 10 µg/rat) intra-NAc 5 mins before stress was induced; and three groups received baclofen (1, 5, and 10 mg/kg/i.p.) 30 mins before being subjected to stress. Foot-shock stress was applied for 7 consecutive days. Behavioral assays using the Barnes maze were performed 24 hrs after the last baclofen injection. Results: Both the intra-NAc and the i.p administration of baclofen dose-dependently reduced escape latency and total distance and increased velocity in the treatment groups in the training trials. In the probe test, the rats that had received 5 mg/kg of baclofen had the highest target frequency, but there no significant differences were observed in velocity, duration, or distance to the target between the groups. Conclusion: According to the findings, baclofen can dose-dependently improve spatial memory, and GABAB receptor in the NAc plays an important role in spatial memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedayat Sahraei
- Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Askaripour
- Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Esmaeilpour
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Shahsavari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran
| | - Soodeh Rajabi
- Physiology Research Center and Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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31
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Wang Y, Wang Y, Chen Z. Double-edged GABAergic synaptic transmission in seizures: The importance of chloride plasticity. Brain Res 2018; 1701:126-136. [PMID: 30201259 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
GABAergic synaptic inhibition, which is a critical regulator of neuronal excitability, is closely involved in epilepsy. Interestingly, fast GABAergic transmission mediated by Cl- permeable GABAA receptors can bi-directionally exert both seizure-suppressing and seizure-promoting actions. Accumulating evidence suggests that chloride plasticity, the driving force of GABAA receptor-mediated synaptic transmission, contributes to the double-edged role of GABAergic synapses in seizures. Large amounts of Cl- influx can overwhelm Cl- extrusion during seizures not only in healthy tissue in a short-term "activity-dependent" manner, but also in chronic epilepsy in a long-term, irreversible "pathology-dependent" manner related to the dysfunction of two chloride transporters: the chloride importer NKCC1 and the chloride exporter KCC2. In this review, we address the importance of chloride plasticity for the "activity-dependent" and "pathology-dependent" mechanisms underlying epileptic events and provide possible directions for further research, which may be clinically important for the design of GABAergic synapse-targeted precise therapeutic interventions for epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Epilepsy Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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32
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Kim Y, Jang J, Kim HJ, Park MK. Regional difference in spontaneous firing inhibition by GABA A and GABA B receptors in nigral dopamine neurons. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 22:721-729. [PMID: 30402033 PMCID: PMC6205942 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2018.22.6.721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
GABAergic control over dopamine (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra is crucial for determining firing rates and patterns. Although GABA activates both GABAA and GABAB receptors distributed throughout the somatodendritic tree, it is currently unclear how regional GABA receptors in the soma and dendritic compartments regulate spontaneous firing. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine actions of regional GABA receptors on spontaneous firing in acutely dissociated DA neurons from the rat using patch-clamp and local GABA-uncaging techniques. Agonists and antagonists experiments showed that activation of either GABAA receptors or GABAB receptors in DA neurons is enough to completely abolish spontaneous firing. Local GABA-uncaging along the somatodendritic tree revealed that activation of regional GABA receptors limited within the soma, proximal, or distal dendritic region, can completely suppress spontaneous firing. However, activation of either GABAA or GABAB receptor equally suppressed spontaneous firing in the soma, whereas GABAB receptor inhibited spontaneous firing more strongly than GABAA receptor in the proximal and distal dendrites. These regional differences of GABA signals between the soma and dendritic compartments could contribute to our understanding of many diverse and complex actions of GABA in midbrain DA neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Kim
- Department of Physiology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Jinyoung Jang
- Department of Physiology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Kim
- Department of Physiology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Korea.,Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Myoung Kyu Park
- Department of Physiology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Korea.,Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea
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33
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Mucci V, Jacquemyn Y, Van Ombergen A, Van de Heyning PH, Browne CJ. A new theory on GABA and Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide involvement in Mal de Debarquement Syndrome predisposition factors and pathophysiology. Med Hypotheses 2018; 120:128-134. [PMID: 30220332 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2018.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mal de Debarquement Syndrome (MdDS) is a condition characterized by a sensation of motion in the absence of a stimulus, which presents with two subtypes depending on the onset: Motion-Triggered, and Spontaneous or Non-Motion Triggered. MdDS predominantly affects women around 40-50 years of age and a high number of patients report associated disorders, such as migraine and depression. The pathophysiology of MdDS is unclear, as is whether there are predisposing factors that make individuals more vulnerable to developing the condition. Hormonal changes in women similarly to what observed in migraineous patients, as well as depression disorder, have been examined as potential key factors for developing MdDS. Studies on migraine and depression have revealed correlations with hormonal fluctuations in females as well as aberrant levels of some key neurotransmitters such as Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) and inflammatory neuropeptides like Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP). Consequently, this manuscript aims to propose a new hypothesis on the predisposing factors for MdDS and a new concept that could contribute to the understanding of its pathophysiology. NEW HYPOTHESIS Recent findings have demonstrated a role for hormonal influences in MdDS patients, similar to previous observations in patients with depression and migraine. We hypothesize the involvement of gonadal hormones and aberrant neurotransmitter levels, including the GABAergic and serotonergic systems, in MdDS pathophysiology. Our theory is that certain individuals are more vulnerable to develop MdDS during specific gonadal hormonal phases. Furthermore, we hypothesize that it may be possible to identify these individuals by measurement of an existing imbalance of these neurotransmitters or inflammatory neuropeptides like CGRP. FURTHER EVALUATION OF THE HYPOTHESIS According to one theory, MdDS is considered as a maladaptation of the Vestibular Ocular Reflex (VOR) and velocity storage. When considering this theory, it is essential to highlight that the brainstem nuclei involved in the VOR and the velocity storage include GABAb sensitive neurons, which appear to produce inhibitory control of velocity storage. Responses of these GABAb sensitive neurons are also modulated by CGRP. Thus an alteration of the GABAergic network by imbalances of inhibitory neurotransmitters or CGRP could influence signal integration in the velocity storage system and therefore be directly involved in MdDS pathophysiology. CONSEQUENCE OF THE HYPOTHESIS AND FUTURE STUDIES A hormonal and neurotransmitter imbalance may act to predispose individuals in developing MdDS. Future studies should focus on the hormonal influences on neurotransmitters (e.g. GABA) and on the trial of CGRP antagonist drugs for the treatment of MdDS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Mucci
- Department of Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1 (D.T.430), 2610 Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp University, Wilrijkstraat 10 (route 71 - 125), 2650 Edegem, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Yves Jacquemyn
- Department of Gynaecology, Antwerp University Hospital, University of Antwerp, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650, Edegem, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Angelique Van Ombergen
- Department of Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1 (D.T.430), 2610 Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp University, Wilrijkstraat 10 (route 71 - 125), 2650 Edegem, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Paul H Van de Heyning
- Department of Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1 (D.T.430), 2610 Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp University, Wilrijkstraat 10 (route 71 - 125), 2650 Edegem, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Cherylea J Browne
- School of Science and Health, (Room 21.1.12), Campbelltown Campus, Western Sydney University, NSW 2560, Australia; Translational Neuroscience Facility, School of Medical Sciences, Wallace Wurth Building (Room 316, Level 3), UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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Olde Engberink AHO, Meijer JH, Michel S. Chloride cotransporter KCC2 is essential for GABAergic inhibition in the SCN. Neuropharmacology 2018; 138:80-86. [PMID: 29782876 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
One of the principal neurotransmitters of the central nervous system is GABA. In the adult brain, GABA is predominantly inhibitory, but there is growing evidence indicating that GABA can shift to excitatory action depending on environmental conditions. In the mammalian central circadian clock of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) GABAergic activity shifts from inhibition to excitation when animals are exposed to long day photoperiod. The polarity of the GABAergic response (inhibitory versus excitatory) depends on the GABA equilibrium potential determined by the intracellular Cl- concentration ([Cl-]i). Chloride homeostasis can be regulated by Cl- cotransporters like NKCC1 and KCC2 in the membrane, but the mechanisms for maintaining [Cl-]i are still under debate. This study investigates the role of KCC2 on GABA-induced Ca2+ transients in SCN neurons from mice exposed to different photoperiods. We show for the first time that blocking KCC2 with the newly developed blocker ML077 can cause a shift in the polarity of the GABAergic response. This will increase the amount of excitatory responses in SCN neurons and thus cause a shift in excitatory/inhibitory ratio. These results indicate that KCC2 is an essential component in regulating [Cl-]i and the equilibrium potential of Cl- and thereby determining the sign of the GABAergic response. Moreover, our data suggest a role for the Cl- cotransporters in the switch from inhibition to excitation observed under long day photoperiod.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H O Olde Engberink
- Department of Cellular and Chemical Biology, Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - J H Meijer
- Department of Cellular and Chemical Biology, Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - S Michel
- Department of Cellular and Chemical Biology, Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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Maturational Changes of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid A Receptors Measured With Benzodiazepine Binding of Iodine 123 Iomazenil Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography. Pediatr Neurol 2018; 82:19-24. [PMID: 29625846 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iodine 123 (I-123) iomazenil is a specific ligand of the central benzodiazepine receptor, which is a part of the postsynaptic gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor complex. We performed statistical image processing of I-123 iomazenil single-photon emission computed tomography to elucidate maturational changes in the GABAergic system. METHODS Thirty patients (18 boys and 12 girls, aged 17 days to 14 years) with cryptogenic focal epilepsy were enrolled and underwent I-123 iomazenil single-photon emission computed tomography. We used a semiquantitative analytical method consisting of brain surface extraction, anatomic normalization, and a three-parameter exponential model. We then assessed developmental changes in benzodiazepine receptor binding activity in 18 regions of interest in both hemispheres. RESULTS The highest benzodiazepine receptor binding activity was observed during early infancy in all regions of interest. Benzodiazepine receptor binding activity then decreased exponentially across development. Benzodiazepine receptor binding in the primary sensorimotor cortex, primary visual cortex, cerebellar vermis, and striatum declined more rapidly than that in the cerebellar hemispheres and the frontal cortex. The pons and the thalamus had the lowest benzodiazepine receptor binding activities during the neonatal period, and benzodiazepine receptor binding in these areas declined gradually after infancy toward adolescence. There were no differences in adjusted benzodiazepine receptor binding activity according to laterality or sex. CONCLUSIONS Benzodiazepine receptor binding activity decreased exponentially during infancy in all regions of interest. Binding activity in the primary somatosensory and motor cortices (M1 and S1), the primary and association visual areas, the cerebellar vermis, and the striatum (caudate nucleus and putamen) tended to decline more rapidly than that in the cerebellar hemisphere and the frontal association cortex.
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El-Naggar T, Carretero ME, Arce C, Gómez-Serranillos MP. Methanol extract of Nigella sativa seed induces changes in the levels of neurotransmitter amino acids in male rat brain regions. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 55:1415-1422. [PMID: 28320235 PMCID: PMC6130756 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2017.1302485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Nigella sativa L. (Ranunculaceae) (NS) has been used for medicinal and culinary purposes. Different parts of the plant are used to treat many disorders. OBJECTIVE This study investigates the effects of NS methanol extract on brain neurotransmitter amino acid levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS We measured the changes in aspartate, glutamate, glycine and γ-aminobutyric acid in five brain regions of male Wistar rats after methanol extract treatment. Animals were injected intraperitoneally with saline solution (controls) or NS methanol extract (equivalent of 2.5 g/kg body weight) and sacrificed 1 h later or after administering 1 daily dose for 8 days. The neurotransmitters were measured in the hypothalamus, cortex, striatum, hippocampus and thalamus by HPLC. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Results showed significant changes in amino acids compared to basal values. Glutamate increased significantly (16-36%) in the regions analyzed except the striatum. Aspartate in the hypothalamus (50 and 76%) and glycine in hippocampus (32 and 25%), thalamus (66 and 29%) and striatum (75 and 48%) also increased with the two treatment intervals. γ-Aminobutyric acid significantly increased in the hippocampus (38 and 32%) and thalamus (22 and 40%) but decreased in the cortex and hypothalamus although in striatum only after eight days of treatment (24%). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that injected methanol extract modifies amino acid levels in the rat brain regions. These results could be of interest since some neurodegenerative diseases are related to amino acid level imbalances in the central nervous system, suggesting the prospect for therapeutic use of NS against these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek El-Naggar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Carmen Arce
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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Ghezzi F, Monni L, Corsini S, Rauti R, Nistri A. Propofol Protects Rat Hypoglossal Motoneurons in an In Vitro Model of Excitotoxicity by Boosting GABAergic Inhibition and Reducing Oxidative Stress. Neuroscience 2017; 367:15-33. [PMID: 29069620 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In brainstem motor networks, hypoglossal motoneurons (HMs) play the physiological role of driving tongue contraction, an activity critical for inspiration, phonation, chewing and swallowing. HMs are an early target of neurodegenerative diseases like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis that, in its bulbar form, is manifested with initial dysphagia and dysarthria. One important pathogenetic component of this disease is the high level of extracellular glutamate due to uptake block that generates excitotoxicity. To understand the earliest phases of this condition we devised a model, the rat brainstem slice, in which block of glutamate uptake is associated with intense bursting of HMs, dysmetabolism and death. Since blocking bursting becomes a goal to prevent cell damage, the present report enquired whether boosting GABAergic inhibition could fulfill this aim and confer beneficial outcome. Propofol (0.5 µM) and midazolam (0.01 µM), two allosteric modulators of GABAA receptors, were used at concentrations yielding analogous potentiation of GABA-mediated currents. Propofol also partly depressed NMDA receptor currents. Both drugs significantly shortened bursting episodes without changing single burst properties, their synchronicity, or their occurrence. Two hours later, propofol prevented the rise in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and, at 4 hours, it inhibited intracellular release of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) and prevented concomitant cell loss. Midazolam did not contrast ROS and AIF release. The present work provides experimental evidence for the neuroprotective action of a general anesthetic like propofol, which, in this case, may be achieved through a combination of boosted GABAergic inhibition and reduced ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Ghezzi
- Department of Neuroscience, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), via Bonomea, 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Laura Monni
- Department of Neuroscience, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), via Bonomea, 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Silvia Corsini
- Department of Neuroscience, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), via Bonomea, 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Rossana Rauti
- Department of Neuroscience, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), via Bonomea, 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Andrea Nistri
- Department of Neuroscience, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), via Bonomea, 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy.
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Abstract
GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) receptors, of which there are two types, are involved in inhibitory synapses within the central nervous system. The GABAA receptor (GABAAR) has a central role in modern anesthesia and sedation practice, which is evident from the high proportion of agents that target the GABAAR. Many GABAAR agonists are used in anesthesia practice and sedation, including propofol, etomidate, methohexital, thiopental, isoflurane, sevoflurane, and desflurane. There are advantages and disadvantages to each GABAAR agonist currently in clinical use. With increasing knowledge regarding the pharmacology of GABAAR agonists, however, newer sedative agents have been developed which employ 'soft pharmacology', a term used to describe the pharmacology of agents whereby their chemical configuration allows rapid metabolism into inactive metabolites after the desired therapeutic effect(s) has occurred. These newer 'soft' GABAAR agonists may well approach ideal sedative agents, as they can offer well-controlled, titratable activity and ultrashort action. This review provides an overview of the role that GABAAR agonists currently play in sedation and anesthesia, in addition to discussing the future role of novel GABAAR agonists in anesthesia and sedation.
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Hatano M, Yamakawa K, Ishihara K. Enantioselective Conjugate Hydrocyanation of α,β-Unsaturated N-Acylpyrroles Catalyzed by Chiral Lithium(I) Phosphoryl Phenoxide. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b02551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Hatano
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho,
Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Katsuya Yamakawa
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho,
Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Ishihara
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho,
Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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The GABA B Positive Allosteric Modulator ADX71441 Attenuates Alcohol Self-Administration and Relapse to Alcohol Seeking in Rats. Neuropsychopharmacology 2017; 42:1789-1799. [PMID: 28294133 PMCID: PMC5520784 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2017.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
GABAergic signaling is involved in modulating the reinforcing properties of alcohol, and GABAB receptors have been proposed as a potential target for clinical treatment of alcoholism. The orthosteric GABAB receptor agonist baclofen has been shown to suppress operant self-administration of alcohol in animals and alcohol use in alcohol-dependent patients, but its utility is limited by a narrow therapeutic index. We tested the effects of ADX71441, a novel GABAB receptor positive allosteric modulator, on alcohol-related behaviors in rats. We first assessed the effects of ADX71441 (1, 3, 10 and 30 mg/kg, I.P.) on both non-dependent and dependent male Wistar rats trained to self-administer 20% alcohol. We then determined the effects of ADX71441 on stress-induced as well as cue-induced relapse-like behavior. Finally, we sought to identify the brain regions through which ADX71441 may act to prevent relapse-like behavior by mapping the neuronal activation induced by stress-induced reinstatement of alcohol-seeking using c-Fos immunohistochemistry. ADX71441 dose-dependently decreased alcohol self-administration of both dependent and non-dependent animals, but its potency was higher in alcohol-dependent rats. Furthermore, both cue- and stress-induced alcohol seeking were blocked by the GABAB receptor positive allosteric modulator. Finally, pretreatment with 3 mg/kg of ADX71441 before stress-induced reinstatement significantly decreased c-Fos expression in a network of brain regions implicated in stress-induced relapse, comprising the nucleus accumbens shell, the dorsal raphe nucleus and the medial prefrontal cortex. Our findings support a causal role of GABAB receptors in alcohol reinforcement and relapse to alcohol seeking. These effects are observed in the absence of significant sedative side effects. Jointly, these observations indicate that GABAB receptor positive allosteric modulators merit being tested clinically for the treatment of alcoholism. Our data also point to a potential biomarker of target engagement for early clinical studies.
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Xu EG, Mager EM, Grosell M, Stieglitz JD, Hazard ES, Hardiman G, Schlenk D. Developmental transcriptomic analyses for mechanistic insights into critical pathways involved in embryogenesis of pelagic mahi-mahi (Coryphaena hippurus). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180454. [PMID: 28692652 PMCID: PMC5503239 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Mahi-mahi (Coryphaena hippurus) is a commercially and ecologically important species of fish occurring in tropical and temperate waters worldwide. Understanding early life events is crucial for predicting effects of environmental stress, which is largely restricted by a lack of genetic resources regarding expression of early developmental genes and regulation of pathways. The need for anchoring developmental stages to transcriptional activities is highlighted by increasing evidence on the impacts of recurrent worldwide oil spills in this sensitive species during early development. By means of high throughput sequencing, we characterized the developmental transcriptome of mahi-mahi at three critical developmental stages, from pharyngula embryonic stage (24 hpf) to 48 hpf yolk-sac larva (transition 1), and to 96 hpf free-swimming larva (transition 2). With comparative analysis by multiple bioinformatic tools, a larger number of significantly altered genes and more diverse gene ontology terms were observed during transition 2 than transition 1. Cellular and tissue development terms were more significantly enriched in transition 1, while metabolism related terms were more enriched in transition 2, indicating a switch progressing from general embryonic development to metabolism during the two transitions. Special focus was given on the most significant common canonical pathways (e.g. calcium signaling, glutamate receptor signaling, cAMP response element-binding protein signaling, cardiac β-adrenergic signaling, etc.) and expression of developmental genes (e.g. collagens, myosin, notch, glutamate metabotropic receptor etc.), which were associated with morphological changes of nervous, muscular, and cardiovascular system. These data will provide an important basis for understanding embryonic development and identifying molecular mechanisms of abnormal development in fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvis Genbo Xu
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Edward M. Mager
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, United States of America
| | - Martin Grosell
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United Sates of America
| | - John D. Stieglitz
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United Sates of America
| | - E. Starr Hazard
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United Sates of America
- Computational Biology Resource Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United Sates of America
| | - Gary Hardiman
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United Sates of America
- Departments of Medicine & Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United Sates of America
- Laboratory for Marine Systems Biology, Hollings Marine Laboratory, Charleston, South Carolina, United Sates of America
| | - Daniel Schlenk
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California, United States of America
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Nikolaus S, Beu M, de Souza Silva MA, Huston JP, Antke C, Müller HW, Hautzel H. GABAergic control of neostriatal dopamine D 2 receptor binding and behaviors in the rat. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2016; 153:76-87. [PMID: 28012732 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study assessed the influence of the GABAA receptor agonist muscimol and the GABAA receptor antagonist bicuculline on neostriatal dopamine D2 receptor binding in relation to motor and exploratory behaviors in the rat. METHODS D2 receptor binding was measured in baseline and after challenge with either 1mg/kg muscimol or 1mg/kg bicuculline. In additional rats, D2 receptor binding was measured after injection of saline. After treatment with muscimol, bicuculline and saline, motor and exploratory behaviors were assessed for 30min in an open field prior to administration of [123I]S-3-iodo-N-(1-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)methyl-2-hydroxy-6-methoxybenzamide ([123I]IBZM). For baseline and challenges, striatal equilibrium ratios (V3″) were computed as estimation of the binding potential. RESULTS Muscimol but not bicuculline reduced D2 receptor binding relative to baseline and to saline. Travelled distance, duration of rearing and frequency of rearing and of head-shoulder motility were lower after muscimol compared to saline. In contrast, duration of rearing and grooming and frequency of rearing, head-shoulder motility and grooming were elevated after bicuculline relative to saline. Moreover, bicuculline decreased duration of sitting and head-shoulder motility. CONCLUSIONS The muscimol-induced decrease of motor/exploratory behaviors can be related to an elevation of striatal dopamine levels. In contrast, bicuculline is likely to elicit a decline of synaptic dopamine, which, however, is compensated by the time of D2 receptor imaging studies. The results indicate direct GABAergic control over D2 receptor binding in the neostriatum in relation to behavioral action, and, thus, complement earlier pharmacological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Nikolaus
- Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Markus Beu
- Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Maria Angelica de Souza Silva
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Psychology, Heinrich-Heine University, Universitätsstr. 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Joseph P Huston
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Psychology, Heinrich-Heine University, Universitätsstr. 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christina Antke
- Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hans-Wilhelm Müller
- Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hubertus Hautzel
- Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Mazzoli R, Pessione E. The Neuro-endocrinological Role of Microbial Glutamate and GABA Signaling. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1934. [PMID: 27965654 PMCID: PMC5127831 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota provides the host with multiple functions (e.g., by contributing to food digestion, vitamin supplementation, and defense against pathogenic strains) and interacts with the host organism through both direct contact (e.g., through surface antigens) and soluble molecules, which are produced by the microbial metabolism. The existence of the so-called gut–brain axis of bi-directional communication between the gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system (CNS) also supports a communication pathway between the gut microbiota and neural circuits of the host, including the CNS. An increasing body of evidence has shown that gut microbiota is able to modulate gut and brain functions, including the mood, cognitive functions, and behavior of humans. Nonetheless, given the extreme complexity of this communication network, its comprehension is still at its early stage. The present contribution will attempt to provide a state-of-the art description of the mechanisms by which gut microbiota can affect the gut–brain axis and the multiple cellular and molecular communication circuits (i.e., neural, immune, and humoral). In this context, special attention will be paid to the microbial strains that produce bioactive compounds and display ascertained or potential probiotic activity. Several neuroactive molecules (e.g., catecholamines, histamine, serotonin, and trace amines) will be considered, with special focus on Glu and GABA circuits, receptors, and signaling. From the basic science viewpoint, “microbial endocrinology” deals with those theories in which neurochemicals, produced by both multicellular organisms and prokaryotes (e.g., serotonin, GABA, glutamate), are considered as a common shared language that enables interkingdom communication. With regards to its application, research in this area opens the way toward the possibility of the future use of neuroactive molecule-producing probiotics as therapeutic agents for the treatment of neurogastroenteric and/or psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Mazzoli
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Proteomics and Metabolic Engineering of Prokaryotes, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino Torino, Italy
| | - Enrica Pessione
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Proteomics and Metabolic Engineering of Prokaryotes, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino Torino, Italy
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Hong Z, Tian Y, Qi M, Li Y, Du Y, Chen L, Liu W, Chen L. Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 4 Inhibits γ-Aminobutyric Acid-Activated Current in Hippocampal Pyramidal Neurons. Front Mol Neurosci 2016; 9:77. [PMID: 27616980 PMCID: PMC4999446 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2016.00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The balance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitter systems is crucial for the modulation of neuronal excitability in the central nervous system (CNS). The activation of transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) is reported to enhance the response of hippocampal glutamate receptors, but whether the inhibitory neurotransmitter system can be regulated by TRPV4 remains unknown. γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS. Here, we show that application of transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) synthetic (GSK1016790A or 4α-PDD) or endogenous agonist (5,6-EET) inhibited GABA-activated current (IGABA) in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons, which was blocked by specific antagonists of TRPV4 and of GABAA receptors. GSK1016790A increased the phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK) and decreased the phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-Akt) protein levels, which was attenuated by removing extracellular calcium or by a calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase-β antagonist. GSK1016790A-induced decrease of p-Akt protein level was sensitive to an AMPK antagonist. GSK1016790A-inhibited IGABA was blocked by an AMPK antagonist or a phosphatidyl inositol 3 kinase (PI3K) agonist. GSK1016790A-induced inhibition of IGABA was also significantly attenuated by a protein kinase C (PKC) antagonist but was unaffected by protein kinase A or calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II antagonist. We conclude that activation of TRPV4 inhibits GABAA receptor, which may be mediated by activation of AMPK and subsequent down-regulation of PI3K/Akt signaling and activation of PKC signaling. Inhibition of GABAA receptors may account for the neuronal hyperexcitability caused by TRPV4 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Hong
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University Nanjing, China
| | - Yujing Tian
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University Nanjing, China
| | - Mengwen Qi
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University Nanjing, China
| | - Yingchun Li
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University Nanjing, China
| | - Yimei Du
- Research Center of Ion Channelopathy, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University Nanjing, China
| | - Wentao Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University Nanjing, China
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Nasehi M, Kamali-Dolatabadi L, Torabi-Nami M, Zarrindast MR. Possible involvement of the CA1 GABAA receptors upon acquisition and expression of the ACPA-induced place preference in mice. Physiol Behav 2016; 161:155-165. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Dias QM, Prado WA. The lesion of dorsolateral funiculus changes the antiallodynic effect of the intrathecal muscimol and baclofen in distinct phases of neuropathic pain induced by spinal nerve ligation in rats. Brain Res Bull 2016; 124:103-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Reckziegel D, Raschke F, Cottam WJ, Auer DP. Cingulate GABA levels inversely correlate with the intensity of ongoing chronic knee osteoarthritis pain. Mol Pain 2016; 12:12/0/1744806916650690. [PMID: 27206661 PMCID: PMC4956171 DOI: 10.1177/1744806916650690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aims to investigate the role of the mid-anterior cingulate cortex γ-aminobutyric acid levels in chronic nociceptive pain. The molecular mechanisms of pain chronification are not well understood. In fibromyalgia, low mid-anterior cingulate cortex γ-aminobutyric acid was associated with high pain suggesting a role of prefrontal disinhibition. We hypothesize that mid-anterior cingulate cortex GABAergic disinhibition may underpin chronic pain independent of the pain etiology and comorbid negative affect. Proton magnetic resonance spectra were acquired at 3T from the mid-anterior cingulate cortex in 20 patients with chronic painful knee osteoarthritis, and 19 healthy pain-free individuals using a point resolved spectroscopy sequence optimized for detection of γ-aminobutyric acid. Participants underwent questionnaires for negative affect (depression and anxiety) and psychophysical pain phenotyping. Results No differences in mid-anterior cingulate cortex γ-aminobutyric acid or other metabolite levels were detected between groups. Ratings of perceived intensity of ongoing osteoarthritis pain were inversely correlated with γ-aminobutyric acid (r = −0.758, p < 0.001), but no correlations were seen for negative affect or pain thresholds. The pain γ-aminobutyric acid interrelation remained strong when controlling for depression (r = −0.820, p < 0.001). Combined levels of glutamine and glutamate were unrelated to psychometric or to pain thresholds. Conclusion Our study supports mid-anterior cingulate cortex γ-aminobutyric acid as a potential marker of pain severity in chronic nociceptive pain states independent of negative affect. The findings suggest that GABAergic disinhibition of the salience network may underlie sensitization to averse stimuli as a mechanism contributing to pain chronification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Reckziegel
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, UK Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, University of Nottingham, UK Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Radiological Sciences, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Felix Raschke
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, University of Nottingham, UK Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Radiological Sciences, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - William J Cottam
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, UK Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, University of Nottingham, UK Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Radiological Sciences, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Dorothee P Auer
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, UK Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, University of Nottingham, UK Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Radiological Sciences, University of Nottingham, UK
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Budynina EM, Ivanov KL, Chagarovskiy AO, Rybakov VB, Trushkov IV, Melnikov MY. From Umpolung to Alternation: Modified Reactivity of Donor-Acceptor Cyclopropanes Towards Nucleophiles in Reaction with Nitroalkanes. Chemistry 2016; 22:3692-6. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201504593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina M. Budynina
- Moscow State University; Department of Chemistry; Leninskie gory Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
| | - Konstantin L. Ivanov
- Moscow State University; Department of Chemistry; Leninskie gory Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
| | - Alexey O. Chagarovskiy
- Moscow State University; Department of Chemistry; Leninskie gory Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
- Federal Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology; Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis; Samory Mashela Moscow 117997 Russian Federation
| | - Victor B. Rybakov
- Moscow State University; Department of Chemistry; Leninskie gory Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
| | - Igor V. Trushkov
- Moscow State University; Department of Chemistry; Leninskie gory Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
- Federal Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology; Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis; Samory Mashela Moscow 117997 Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail Ya. Melnikov
- Moscow State University; Department of Chemistry; Leninskie gory Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
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The interaction of central nitrergic and GABAergic systems on food intake in neonatal layer-type chicks. Amino Acids 2016; 48:1275-83. [PMID: 26832169 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-016-2178-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Most physiological behaviors such as food intake are controlled by the hypothalamus and its nuclei. It has been demonstrated that injection of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus with nitric oxide (NO) donors elicited changes in the concentration of some amino acids, including GABA. Also, central nitrergic and GABAergic systems are known to provide inputs to the paraventricular nucleus and are involved in food intake control. Therefore, the present study examines the probable interaction of central nitrergic and GABAergic systems on food intake in neonatal layer-type chicks. The results of this study showed that intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of L-arginine (400 and 800 nmol), as a NO donor, significantly decreased food intake (P < 0.001), but ICV injection of Nω-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) (200 and 400 nmol), a NO synthesis inhibitor, increased food intake (P < 0.001). In addition, the orexigenic effect of gaboxadol (0.2 µg), a GABAA agonist, was significantly attenuated in ICV co-injection of L-arginine (200 nmol) and gaboxadol (0.2 µg) (P < 0.001), but it was significantly amplified in ICV co-injection of L-NAME (100 nmol) and gaboxadol (0.2 µg) (P < 0.001). On the other hand, the orexigenic effect of baclofen (0.2 µg), a GABAB agonist, did not change in ICV co-injection of L-arginine (200 nmol) or L-NAME (100 nmol) with baclofen (0.2 µg) (P > 0.05). Also, the hypophagic effect of L-arginine (800 nmol) was significantly amplified in ICV co-injection of picrotoxin (0.5 µg), a GABAA antagonist, or CGP54626 (21 ng), a GABAB antagonist, with L-arginine (800 nmol) (P < 0.001). These results probably suggest an interaction of central nitrergic and GABAergic systems on food intake in neonatal layer-type chicks and GABAA receptors play a major role in this interaction.
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Abstract
Among many mechanisms implicated in the development of neuropathic pain after nerve damage is a profound dysfunction of GABAergic inhibitory controls, manifested by ongoing pain, mechanical hypersensitivity, and thermal hyperalgesia. In some respects, neuropathic pain can be considered a "disease" of the nervous system, with features in common with trauma-induced seizures. Indeed, first-line management involves anticonvulsant therapy. An alternative to pharmacotherapy for neuropathic pain is an approach that reestablishes the inhibitory tone that is lost after nerve damage. To this end, we have transplanted embryonic cortical GABAergic precursor neurons into the spinal cord of nerve-injured mice. Using a combination of light and electron microscopic analyses, and also in vitro electrophysiological recordings from spinal cord slice preparations, we demonstrated remarkable integration of the transplants into the host, adult spinal cord. Most importantly, transplants produced a complete reversal of the hypersensitivity in a sciatic nerve injury model and in a paclitaxel-generated chemotherapy model of neuropathic pain. In related studies, we demonstrated that medial ganglionic eminence cell transplants are also effective in a chronic neuropathic itch model in which there is a significant loss of dorsal horn inhibitory interneurons. Most importantly, in contrast to systemic or intrathecal pharmacological therapies, adverse side effects are minimized when the inhibitory control, namely, γ-aminobutyric acid release, occurs in a spinal cord circuit. These studies suggest that therapy targeted at repairing the GABAergic dysfunction is a viable and novel alternative to the management of neuropathic pain and itch, particularly those that are or become refractory to traditional pharmacotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan I Basbaum
- Department of Anatomy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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