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Govindjee. A sixty-year tryst with photosynthesis and related processes: an informal personal perspective. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2019; 139:15-43. [PMID: 30343396 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-018-0590-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
After briefly describing my early collaborative work at the University of Allahabad, that had laid the foundation of my research life, I present here some of our research on photosynthesis at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, randomly selected from light absorption to NADP+ reduction in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. These include the fact that (i) both the light reactions I and II are powered by light absorbed by chlorophyll (Chl) a of different spectral forms; (ii) light emission (fluorescence, delayed fluorescence, and thermoluminescence) by plants, algae, and cyanobacteria provides detailed information on these reactions and beyond; (iii) primary photochemistry in both the photosystems I (PS I) and II (PS II) occurs within a few picoseconds; and (iv) most importantly, bicarbonate plays a unique role on the electron acceptor side of PS II, specifically at the two-electron gate of PS II. Currently, the ongoing research around the world is, and should be, directed towards making photosynthesis better able to deal with the global issues (such as increasing population, dwindling resources, and rising temperature) particularly through genetic modification. However, basic research is necessary to continue to provide us with an understanding of the molecular mechanism of the process and to guide us in reaching our goals of increasing food production and other chemicals we need for our lives.
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Santabarbara S, Tibiletti T, Remelli W, Caffarri S. Kinetics and heterogeneity of energy transfer from light harvesting complex II to photosystem I in the supercomplex isolated from Arabidopsis. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:9210-9222. [PMID: 28319223 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp00554g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
State transitions are a phenomenon that maintains the excitation balance between photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI-LHCI) by controlling their relative absorption cross-sections. Under light conditions exciting PSII preferentially, a trimeric LHCII antenna moves from PSII to PSI-LHCI to form the PSI-LHCI-LHCII supercomplex. In this work, the excited state dynamics in the PSI-LHCI and PSI-LHCI-LHCII supercomplexes isolated from Arabidopsis have been investigated by picosecond time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. The excited state decays were analysed using two approaches based on either (i) a sum of discrete exponentials or (ii) a continuous distribution of lifetimes. The results indicate that the energy transfer from LHCII to the bulk of the PSI antenna occurs with an average macroscopic transfer rate in the 35-65 ns-1 interval. Yet, the most satisfactory description of the data is obtained when considering a heterogeneous population containing two PSI-LHCI-LHCII supercomplexes characterised by a transfer time of ∼15 and ∼60 ns-1, likely due to the differences in the strength and orientation of LHCII harboured to PSI. Both these values are of the same order of magnitude of those estimated for the average energy transfer rates from the low energy spectral forms of LHCI to the bulk of the PSI antenna (15-40 ns-1), but they are slower than the transfer from the bulk antenna of PSI to the reaction centre (>150 ns-1), implying a relatively small kinetics bottleneck for the energy transfer from LHCII. Nevertheless, the kinetic limitation imposed by excited state diffusion has a negligible impact on the photochemical quantum efficiency of the supercomplex, which remains about 98% in the case of PSI-LHCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Santabarbara
- Photosynthesis Research Unit, Centro di Studio per la Biologia Cellulare e Molecolare delle Piante, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Tania Tibiletti
- Aix Marseille Univ, CEA, CNRS UMR7265 BVME, Laboratoire de Génétique et Biophysique des Plantes, Marseille 13009, France
| | - William Remelli
- Photosynthesis Research Unit, Centro di Studio per la Biologia Cellulare e Molecolare delle Piante, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Stefano Caffarri
- Aix Marseille Univ, CEA, CNRS UMR7265 BVME, Laboratoire de Génétique et Biophysique des Plantes, Marseille 13009, France
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Mamedov M, Nadtochenko V, Semenov A. Primary electron transfer processes in photosynthetic reaction centers from oxygenic organisms. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2015; 125:51-63. [PMID: 25648636 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-015-0088-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This minireview is written in honor of Vladimir A. Shuvalov, a pioneer in the area of primary photochemistry of both oxygenic and anoxygenic photosyntheses (See a News Report: Allakhverdiev et al. 2014). In the present paper, we describe the current state of the formation of the primary and secondary ion-radical pairs within photosystems (PS) II and I in oxygenic organisms. Spectral-kinetic studies of primary events in PS II and PS I, upon excitation by ~20 fs laser pulses, are now available and reviewed here; for PS II, excitation was centered at 710 nm, and for PS I, it was at 720 nm. In PS I, conditions were chosen to maximally increase the relative contribution of the direct excitation of the reaction center (RC) in order to separate the kinetics of the primary steps of charge separation in the RC from that of the excitation energy transfer in the antenna. Our results suggest that the sequence of the primary electron transfer reactions is P680 → ChlD1 → PheD1 → QA (PS II) and P700 → A 0A/A 0B → A 1A/A 1B (PS I). However, alternate routes of charge separation in PS II, under different excitation conditions, are not ruled out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahir Mamedov
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physical-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia,
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Ultrafast infrared spectroscopy in photosynthesis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2014; 1847:2-11. [PMID: 24973600 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In recent years visible pump/mid-infrared (IR) probe spectroscopy has established itself as a key technology to unravel structure-function relationships underlying the photo-dynamics of complex molecular systems. In this contribution we review the most important applications of mid-infrared absorption difference spectroscopy with sub-picosecond time-resolution to photosynthetic complexes. Considering several examples, such as energy transfer in photosynthetic antennas and electron transfer in reaction centers and even more intact structures, we show that the acquisition of ultrafast time resolved mid-IR spectra has led to new insights into the photo-dynamics of the considered systems and allows establishing a direct link between dynamics and structure, further strengthened by the possibility of investigating the protein response signal to the energy or electron transfer processes. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Vibrational spectroscopies and bioenergetic systems.
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Seibert M. Picosecond spectroscopy of the isolated reaction centers from the photosystems of oxygenic photosynthesis--ten years (1987-1997) of fun : a tribute to Michael R. Wasielewski on his 60th birthday. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2010; 103:1-6. [PMID: 19924560 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-009-9505-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2009] [Accepted: 10/24/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Mike Wasielewski's pioneering work on Photosystem II photochemistry has an important place in the history of photosynthesis; we are proud to have been associated with him in making those first measurements. Here, we present our association and publications with him, and provide some of the history behind this research.
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Purchase R, Völker S. Spectral hole burning: examples from photosynthesis. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2009; 101:245-66. [PMID: 19714478 PMCID: PMC2744831 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-009-9484-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2009] [Accepted: 07/31/2009] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The optical spectra of photosynthetic pigment-protein complexes usually show broad absorption bands, often consisting of a number of overlapping, "hidden" bands belonging to different species. Spectral hole burning is an ideal technique to unravel the optical and dynamic properties of such hidden species. Here, the principles of spectral hole burning (HB) and the experimental set-up used in its continuous wave (CW) and time-resolved versions are described. Examples from photosynthesis studied with hole burning, obtained in our laboratory, are then presented. These examples have been classified into three groups according to the parameters that were measured: (1) hole widths as a function of temperature, (2) hole widths as a function of delay time and (3) hole depths as a function of wavelength. Two examples from light-harvesting (LH) 2 complexes of purple bacteria are given within the first group: (a) the determination of energy-transfer times from the chromophores in the B800 ring to the B850 ring, and (b) optical dephasing in the B850 absorption band. One example from photosystem II (PSII) sub-core complexes of higher plants is given within the second group: it shows that the size of the complex determines the amount of spectral diffusion measured. Within the third group, two examples from (green) plants and purple bacteria have been chosen for: (a) the identification of "traps" for energy transfer in PSII sub-core complexes of green plants, and (b) the uncovering of the lowest k = 0 exciton-state distribution within the B850 band of LH2 complexes of purple bacteria. The results prove the potential of spectral hole burning measurements for getting quantitative insight into dynamic processes in photosynthetic systems at low temperature, in particular, when individual bands are hidden within broad absorption bands. Because of its high-resolution wavelength selectivity, HB is a technique that is complementary to ultrafast pump-probe methods. In this review, we have provided an extensive bibliography for the benefit of scientists who plan to make use of this valuable technique in their future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Purchase
- Huygens and Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Silvia Völker
- Huygens and Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Mandal P, Sahu T, Misra T, Pal SK, Ganguly T. Experimental investigations by using electrochemical, steady state and time resolved spectroscopic tools on the photoreactions of disubstituted indoles in presence of tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) and a theoretical approach by using time-dependent density functional theory. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2006.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Moran AM, Maddox JB, Hong JW, Kim J, Nome RA, Bazan GC, Mukamel S, Scherer NF. Optical coherence and theoretical study of the excitation dynamics of a highly symmetric cyclophane-linked oligophenylenevinylene dimer. J Chem Phys 2006; 124:194904. [PMID: 16729841 DOI: 10.1063/1.2196041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Optoelectronic properties of a polyphenylenevinylene-based oligomer and its paracylophane-linked dimer are studied using a variety of experimental and theoretical techniques. Despite the symmetrical structure and redshifted absorption of the dimer versus the monomer, an exciton picture is not the most appropriate. Electronic structure calculations establish changes in charge density upon optical excitation and show localized excitations that cannot be accounted for by a simple Frenkel exciton model. Visible frequency pump-probe anisotropy measurements suggest that the dimer should be considered as a three-level system with a fast, approximately 130 fs, internal conversion from the higher to lower energy excited electronic state. Signatures of nuclear relaxation processes are compared for electric field-resolved transient grating and two-dimensional photon echo spectra. These measurements reveal that nuclear relaxation occurs on similar time scales for the monomer and dimer. The connection between the spectral phase of four-wave mixing signals and the time dependent width of a nuclear wave packet is discussed. Semiempirical electronic structure and metropolis Monte Carlo calculations show that the dominant line broadening mechanisms for the monomer and dimer are associated with inter-ring torsional coordinates. Together, the theoretical calculations and electric field-resolved four-wave mixing experiments suggest that while the structure of dimer is more rigid than that of monomer, the difference in their rigidities is not sufficient to slow down excited state relaxation of dimer with respect to the monomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Moran
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Holzwarth AR, Müller MG, Reus M, Nowaczyk M, Sander J, Rögner M. Kinetics and mechanism of electron transfer in intact photosystem II and in the isolated reaction center: pheophytin is the primary electron acceptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:6895-900. [PMID: 16641109 PMCID: PMC1458990 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0505371103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism and kinetics of electron transfer in isolated D1/D2-cyt(b559) photosystem (PS) II reaction centers (RCs) and in intact PSII cores have been studied by femtosecond transient absorption and kinetic compartment modeling. For intact PSII, a component of approximately 1.5 ps reflects the dominant energy-trapping kinetics from the antenna by the RC. A 5.5-ps component reflects the apparent lifetime of primary charge separation, which is faster by a factor of 8-12 than assumed so far. The 35-ps component represents the apparent lifetime of formation of a secondary radical pair, and the approximately 200-ps component represents the electron transfer to the Q(A) acceptor. In isolated RCs, the apparent lifetimes of primary and secondary charge separation are approximately 3 and 11 ps, respectively. It is shown (i) that pheophytin is reduced in the first step, and (ii) that the rate constants of electron transfer in the RC are identical for PSII cores and for isolated RCs. We interpret the first electron transfer step as electron donation from the primary electron donor Chl(acc D1). Thus, this mechanism, suggested earlier for isolated RCs at cryogenic temperatures, is also operative in intact PSII cores and in isolated RCs at ambient temperature. The effective rate constant of primary electron transfer from the equilibrated RC* excited state is 170-180 ns(-1), and the rate constant of secondary electron transfer is 120-130 ns(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Holzwarth
- Max-Planck-Institut für Bioanorganische Chemie, Stiftstrasse 34-36, D-45470 Mülheim a.d. Ruhr, Germany.
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Groot ML, Pawlowicz NP, van Wilderen LJGW, Breton J, van Stokkum IHM, van Grondelle R. Initial electron donor and acceptor in isolated Photosystem II reaction centers identified with femtosecond mid-IR spectroscopy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005; 102:13087-92. [PMID: 16135567 PMCID: PMC1196200 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0503483102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the apparent similarity between the plant Photosystem II reaction center (RC) and its purple bacterial counterpart, we show in this work that the mechanism of charge separation is very different for the two photosynthetic RCs. By using femtosecond visible-pump-mid-infrared probe spectroscopy in the region of the chlorophyll ester and keto modes, between 1,775 and 1,585 cm(-1), with 150-fs time resolution, we show that the reduction of pheophytin occurs on a 0.6- to 0.8-ps time scale, whereas P+, the precursor state for water oxidation, is formed after approximately 6 ps. We conclude therefore that in the Photosystem II RC the primary charge separation occurs between the "accessory chlorophyll" Chl(D1) and the pheophytin on the so-called active branch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Louise Groot
- Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Hughes JL, Prince BJ, Krausz E, Smith PJ, Pace RJ, Riesen H. Highly Efficient Spectral Hole-Burning in Oxygen-Evolving Photosystem II Preparations. J Phys Chem B 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0492523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L. Hughes
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia, Faculties Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia, and School of Physical, Environmental and Mathematical Sciences, University College, The University of New South Wales, ADFA, Canberra ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Barry J. Prince
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia, Faculties Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia, and School of Physical, Environmental and Mathematical Sciences, University College, The University of New South Wales, ADFA, Canberra ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Elmars Krausz
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia, Faculties Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia, and School of Physical, Environmental and Mathematical Sciences, University College, The University of New South Wales, ADFA, Canberra ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Paul J. Smith
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia, Faculties Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia, and School of Physical, Environmental and Mathematical Sciences, University College, The University of New South Wales, ADFA, Canberra ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Ron J. Pace
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia, Faculties Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia, and School of Physical, Environmental and Mathematical Sciences, University College, The University of New South Wales, ADFA, Canberra ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Hans Riesen
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia, Faculties Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia, and School of Physical, Environmental and Mathematical Sciences, University College, The University of New South Wales, ADFA, Canberra ACT 2600, Australia
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Pal SK, Bhattacharya T, Misra T, Saini RD, Ganguly T. Photophysics of Some Disubstituted Indoles and Their Involvements in Photoinduced Electron Transfer Reactions. J Phys Chem A 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0311005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. K. Pal
- Department of Spectroscopy, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, India, and Radiation Chemistry and Chemical Dynamics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Mumbai 400 085, India
| | - T. Bhattacharya
- Department of Spectroscopy, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, India, and Radiation Chemistry and Chemical Dynamics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Mumbai 400 085, India
| | - T. Misra
- Department of Spectroscopy, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, India, and Radiation Chemistry and Chemical Dynamics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Mumbai 400 085, India
| | - R. D. Saini
- Department of Spectroscopy, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, India, and Radiation Chemistry and Chemical Dynamics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Mumbai 400 085, India
| | - T. Ganguly
- Department of Spectroscopy, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, India, and Radiation Chemistry and Chemical Dynamics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Mumbai 400 085, India
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Zazubovich V, Jankowiak R, Riley K, Picorel R, Seibert M, Small GJ. How Fast Is Excitation Energy Transfer in the Photosystem II Reaction Center in the Low Temperature Limit? Hole Burning vs Photon Echo. J Phys Chem B 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp022231t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Zazubovich
- Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy and Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, and E. E. Aula Dei, CSIC, Apdo. 202, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - R. Jankowiak
- Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy and Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, and E. E. Aula Dei, CSIC, Apdo. 202, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - K. Riley
- Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy and Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, and E. E. Aula Dei, CSIC, Apdo. 202, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - R. Picorel
- Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy and Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, and E. E. Aula Dei, CSIC, Apdo. 202, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M. Seibert
- Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy and Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, and E. E. Aula Dei, CSIC, Apdo. 202, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - G. J. Small
- Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy and Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, and E. E. Aula Dei, CSIC, Apdo. 202, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain
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Wang J, Gosztola D, Ruffle SV, Hemann C, Seibert M, Wasielewski MR, Hille R, Gustafson TL, Sayre RT. Functional asymmetry of photosystem II D1 and D2 peripheral chlorophyll mutants of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002; 99:4091-6. [PMID: 11904453 PMCID: PMC122653 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.062056899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2001] [Accepted: 01/31/2002] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The peripheral accessory chlorophylls (Chls) of the photosystem II (PSII) reaction center (RC) are coordinated by a pair of symmetry-related histidine residues (D1-H118 and D2-H117). These Chls participate in energy transfer from the proximal antennae complexes (CP43 and CP47) to the RC core chromophores. In addition, one or both of the peripheral Chls are redox-active and participate in a low-quantum-yield electron transfer cycle around PSII. We demonstrate that conservative mutations of the D2-H117 residue result in decreased Chl fluorescence quenching efficiency attributed to reduced accumulation of the peripheral accessory Chl cation, Chl(Z)(+). In contrast, identical symmetry-related mutations at residue D1-H118 had no effect on Chl fluorescence yield or quenching kinetics. Mutagenesis of the D2-H117 residue also altered the line width of the Chl(Z)(+) EPR signal, but the line shape of the D1-H118Q mutant remained unchanged. The D1-H118 and D2-H117 mutations also altered energy transfer properties in PSII RCs. Unlike wild type or the D1-H118Q mutant, D2-H117N RCs exhibited a reduced CD doublet in the red region of Chl absorbance band, indicative of reduced energetic coupling between P680 and the peripheral accessory Chl. In addition, transient absorption measurements of D2-H117N RCs, excited on the blue side of the Chl absorbance band, exhibited a ( approximately 400 fs) pheophytin Q(X) band bleach lifetime component not seen in wild-type or D1-H118Q RCs. The origin of this component may be related to delayed fast-energy equilibration of the excited state between the core pigments of this mutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Department of Plant Biology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Johnston HG, Wang J, Ruffle SV, Sayre RT, Gustafson TL. Fluorescence Decay Kinetics of Wild Type and D2-H117N Mutant Photosystem II Reaction Centers Isolated from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. J Phys Chem B 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp993556l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heather G. Johnston
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210 and Department of Plant Biology, The Ohio State University, 1735 Neil Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210 and Department of Plant Biology, The Ohio State University, 1735 Neil Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Stuart V. Ruffle
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210 and Department of Plant Biology, The Ohio State University, 1735 Neil Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Richard T. Sayre
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210 and Department of Plant Biology, The Ohio State University, 1735 Neil Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Terry L. Gustafson
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210 and Department of Plant Biology, The Ohio State University, 1735 Neil Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210
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Greenfield SR, Seibert M, Wasielewski MR. Time-Resolved Absorption Changes of the Pheophytin Qx Band in Isolated Photosystem II Reaction Centers at 7 K: Energy Transfer and Charge Separation. J Phys Chem B 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jp990962w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott R. Greenfield
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, Basic Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401-3393, Chemistry Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439-4831, and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113
| | - Michael Seibert
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, Basic Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401-3393, Chemistry Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439-4831, and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113
| | - Michael R. Wasielewski
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, Basic Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401-3393, Chemistry Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439-4831, and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113
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Groot ML, van Grondelle R, Leegwater JA, van Mourik F. Radical Pair Quantum Yield in Reaction Centers of Photosystem II of Green Plants and of the Bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides. Saturation Behavior with Sub-picosecond Pulses. J Phys Chem B 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/jp971113g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Louise Groot
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute of Molecular Biological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rienk van Grondelle
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute of Molecular Biological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan-Adriaan Leegwater
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute of Molecular Biological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank van Mourik
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute of Molecular Biological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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18
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Laible PD, Greenfield SR, Wasielewski MR, Hansen DK, Pearlstein RM. Antenna excited state decay kinetics establish primary electron transfer in reaction centers as heterogeneous. Biochemistry 1997; 36:8677-85. [PMID: 9289013 DOI: 10.1021/bi970672a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The decay of the excited primary electron donor P* in bacterial photosynthetic reaction centers (both membrane-bound and detergent-isolated) has been observed to be nonexponential on a time scale of some tens of picoseconds. Although the multipicosecond nonexponentiality of P* has been ascribed to heterogeneity in teh rate of primary electron transfer (PET), the decay kinetics can be interpreted equally well using homogeneous models. To address this ambiguity, we studied the decay of excited bacteriochlorophyll (Bchl) in the membrane-bound core antenna/reaction center complexes of wild-type and mutant reaction center strains of Rhodobacter capsulatus. Reaction centers isolated from these same strains display a range of multiexponentiality in primary charge separation. The mutant strains carry substitutions of amino acids residing near the monomeric Bchl on the active and/or inactive sides of the reaction center. Transient absorption measurements monitoring the Qy bleach of antenna Bchls require at least two exponential components to fit all decays. The wild type was fitted with equal-amplitude components whose lifetimes are 24 and 65 ps. The shortest-lived component is relatively insensitive to mutation, in contrast to the longer-lived component(s) whose amplitude and magnitude were dramatically perturbed by amino acid substitutions. Unlike the situation with isolated reaction centers, here the only kinetic models consistent with the data are those in which the primary electron-transfer rate constant is heterogeneous, suggesting at least two structural populations of RCs. PET in the population with the shortest-lived antenna decay causes the kinetics to be transfer-to-trap-limited, whereas the kinetics in the other population(s)--having longer-lived antenna decays--are limited by the rate of PET. Observation of both types of kinetic limitation within a single light-harvesting system is unexpected and complicates any discussion of the rate-limiting step of light energy utilization in photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P D Laible
- Center for Mechanistic Biology, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
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19
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Donovan B, Walker LA, Kaplan D, Bouvier M, Yocum CF, Sension RJ. Structure and Function in the Isolated Reaction Center Complex of Photosystem II. 1. Ultrafast Fluorescence Measurements of PSII. J Phys Chem B 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/jp971112o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brent Donovan
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biology, and Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, MEDOX ELECTRO-OPTICS, 3940 Varsity Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48108, and Alliage, 77 rue de Cardinal Lemoine, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Larry A. Walker
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biology, and Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, MEDOX ELECTRO-OPTICS, 3940 Varsity Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48108, and Alliage, 77 rue de Cardinal Lemoine, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Daniel Kaplan
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biology, and Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, MEDOX ELECTRO-OPTICS, 3940 Varsity Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48108, and Alliage, 77 rue de Cardinal Lemoine, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Marcel Bouvier
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biology, and Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, MEDOX ELECTRO-OPTICS, 3940 Varsity Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48108, and Alliage, 77 rue de Cardinal Lemoine, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Charles F. Yocum
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biology, and Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, MEDOX ELECTRO-OPTICS, 3940 Varsity Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48108, and Alliage, 77 rue de Cardinal Lemoine, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Roseanne J. Sension
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biology, and Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, MEDOX ELECTRO-OPTICS, 3940 Varsity Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48108, and Alliage, 77 rue de Cardinal Lemoine, 75005 Paris, France
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20
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Third order nonlinear optical properties of bacteriochlorophylls in bacterial photosynthetic light-harvesting proteins. Chem Phys Lett 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(97)00373-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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21
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Groot ML, Eijckelhoff C, Dekker JP. Charge separation in the reaction center of photosystem II studied as a function of temperature. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1997; 94:4389-94. [PMID: 9113999 PMCID: PMC20732 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.94.9.4389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In photosystem II of green plants the key photosynthetic reaction consists of the transfer of an electron from the primary donor called P680 to a nearby pheophytin molecule. We analyzed the temperature dependence of this reaction by subpicosecond transient absorption spectroscopy over the temperature range 20-240 K using isolated photosystem II reaction centers from spinach. After excitation in the red edge of the Qy absorption band, the decay of the excited state can conveniently be described by two kinetic components that both accelerate with temperature. This temperature behavior differs remarkably from that observed in purple bacterial reaction centers. We attribute the first component, which accelerates from 2.6 ps at 20 K to 0.4 ps at 240 K, to charge separation after direct excitation of P680, and explain its temperature dependence by an intermediate that lies in energy above the singlet-excited P680 and that possibly has charge-transfer character. The second component accelerates from 120 ps at 20 K to 18 ps at 240 K and is attributed to charge separation after direct excitation of the "trap" state near-degenerate with P680 and subsequent slow energy transfer from this trap state to P680. We suggest that the slow energy transfer from the trap state to P680 plays an important role in the kinetics of radical pair formation at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Groot
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute of Molecular Biological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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22
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Greenfield SR, Seibert M, Govindjee, Wasielewski MR. Direct Measurement of the Effective Rate Constant for Primary Charge Separation in Isolated Photosystem II Reaction Centers. J Phys Chem B 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/jp962982t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott R. Greenfield
- Chemistry Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439-4831, Basic Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401-3393, Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801-3707, and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113
| | - Michael Seibert
- Chemistry Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439-4831, Basic Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401-3393, Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801-3707, and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113
| | - Govindjee
- Chemistry Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439-4831, Basic Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401-3393, Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801-3707, and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113
| | - Michael R. Wasielewski
- Chemistry Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439-4831, Basic Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401-3393, Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801-3707, and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113
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23
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Greenfield SR, Wasielewski MR. Excitation energy transfer and charge separation in the isolated Photosystem II reaction center. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 1996; 48:83-97. [PMID: 24271289 DOI: 10.1007/bf00040999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/1996] [Accepted: 01/22/1996] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The nature of excitation energy transfer and charge separation in isolated Photosystem II reaction centers is an area of considerable interest and controversy. Excitation energy transfer from accessory chlorophyll a to the primary electron donor P680 takes place in tens of picoseconds, although there is some evidence that thermal equilibration of the excitation between P680 and a subset of the accessory chlorophyll a occurs on a 100-fs timescale. The intrinsic rate for charge separation at low temperature is accepted to be ca. (2 ps)(-1), and is based on several measurements using different experimental techniques. This rate is in good agreement with estimates based on larger sized particles, and is similar to the rate observed with bacterial reaction centers. However, near room temperature there is considerable disagreement as to the observed rate for charge separation, with several experiments pointing to a ca. (3 ps)(-1) rate, and others to a ca. (20 ps)(-1) rate. These processes and the experiments used to measure them will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Greenfield
- Argonne National Laboratory, Chemistry Division, 60439-4831, Argonne, IL, USA
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