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Hoover AJ, Lazari M, Ren H, Narayanam MK, Murphy JM, van Dam RM, Hooker JM, Ritter T. A Transmetalation Reaction Enables the Synthesis of [ 18F]5-Fluorouracil from [ 18F]Fluoride for Human PET Imaging. Organometallics 2016; 35:1008-1014. [PMID: 27087736 PMCID: PMC4829938 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Translation of new 18F-fluorination reactions to produce radiotracers for human positron emission tomography (PET) imaging is rare because the chemistry must have useful scope and the process for 18F-labeled tracer production must be robust and simple to execute. The application of transition metal mediators has enabled impactful 18F-fluorination methods, but to date none of these reactions have been applied to produce a human-injectable PET tracer. In this article we present chemistry and process innovations that culminate in the first production from [18F]fluoride of human doses of [18F]5-fluorouracil, a PET tracer for cancer imaging in humans. The first preparation of nickel σ-aryl complexes by transmetalation from arylboronic acids or esters was developed and enabled the synthesis of the [18F]5-fluorouracil precursor. Routine production of >10 mCi doses of [18F]5-fluorouracil was accomplished with a new instrument for azeotrope-free [18F]fluoride concentration in a process that leverages the tolerance of water in nickel-mediated 18F-fluorination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Hoover
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University , 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Mark Lazari
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology and Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles , 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Hong Ren
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States; Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Maruthi Kumar Narayanam
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology and Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles , 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jennifer M Murphy
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology and Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles , 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - R Michael van Dam
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology and Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles , 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jacob M Hooker
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States; Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Tobias Ritter
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States; Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States; Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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Packer S, Fairchild RG, Coderre JA. Radiopharmaceuticals and the visual system. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION APPLICATIONS AND INSTRUMENTATION. PART B, NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1990; 17:93-102. [PMID: 2407697 DOI: 10.1016/0883-2897(90)90013-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Packer
- Department of Ophthalmology, North Shore University Hospital-Cornell University Medical College, Manhasset, NY 11030
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Visser GW, Gorree GC, Braakhuis BJ, Herscheid JD. An optimized synthesis of 18F-labelled 5-fluorouracil and a reevaluation of its use as a prognostic agent. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE 1989; 15:225-9. [PMID: 2759123 DOI: 10.1007/bf00257538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
An optimized synthesis of 18F-labelled 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is described. The biodynamics of this radiopharmaceutical were studied in nude mice bearing a 5-FU sensitive (colon 38 carcinoma) or a 5-FU resistant (R1-rhabdomyosarcoma) tumour. It was found that not the initial tumour uptake, but the efflux of the 18F activity from the tumour was correlated with the 5-FU sensitivity of the tumour.
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Affiliation(s)
- G W Visser
- Radio-Nuclide-Centre, Free University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Webber MM, Verma R, Chang B. Tumor uptake of 5-fluorouracil, methotrexate, and adriamycin vs gallium. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION APPLICATIONS AND INSTRUMENTATION. PART B, NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1986; 13:625-7. [PMID: 3470274 DOI: 10.1016/0883-2897(86)90036-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Since the imaging pattern of 67Ga-citrate is well known, it can be the benchmark for evaluation of potential tumor imaging agents. Tritium labeled 5-fluorouracil, Adriamycin, (doxorubicin/Adria) and Methotrexate/Lederle were compared at 2 h to 67Ga-citrate at 2 and 48 h by percent uptake per gram of various tissues and tumor in rats implanted with Walker 256 carcinosarcoma. 67Ga at 48 h showed approximately three times more uptake in the tumor than 5 fluorouracil and eight times more than the others. 5 Fluorouracil showed approximately three times greater uptake than Methotrexate or doxorubicin and 1.4 times the 2 h uptake of 67Ga. 5 Fluorouracil shows potential as an imaging agent especially where the waiting time between injection and imaging must be short.
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Shani J, Young D, Schlesinger T, Siemsen JK, Chlebowski RT, Bateman JR, Wolf W. Dosimetry and preliminary human studies of 18F-5-fluorouracil. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1982; 9:25-35. [PMID: 7085187 DOI: 10.1016/0047-0740(82)90071-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The relative distribution, metabolism and kinetics of 18F containing compounds, following administration of 18F-5-fluorouracil, has been proposed as a prognostic aid in predicting response to 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy. Because 18F has a relatively short physical half-life (t1/2 = 110 min), and the distribution and kinetics of the radiolabeled 5-fluorouracil need to be studied over periods of time that range over several half-lives of the radionuclide, significant quantities of the labeled drug must be administered in order to obtain good counting statistics. The distribution of 18F, following injection of 18F-5-fluorouracil to rats and mice, has been well documented in our previous work. It appears that the distribution of 18F in humans, following administration of 18F-5-fluorouracil is similar to that in rats. We calculated the radiation dose according to the MIRD technique for the eleven main target organs for a reference man. The critical organs, according to these calculations, are the bladder wall, the kidney and the liver, receiving a radiation dose of 729, 184 and 114 mrad per mCi injected, respectively.
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Shaugnessy W, Gatley S, Hichwa R, Lieberman L, Nickles R. Aspects of the production of 18F-2-deoxy-2-fluoro-d-glucose via 18F2 with a Tandem Van de Graaf accelerator. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1981. [DOI: 10.1016/0020-708x(81)90173-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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