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Camacho C, Tomás H, Rodrigues J. Use of Half-Generation PAMAM Dendrimers (G0.5-G3.5) with Carboxylate End-Groups to Improve the DACHPtCl 2 and 5-FU Efficacy as Anticancer Drugs. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26102924. [PMID: 34069054 PMCID: PMC8156256 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26102924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The DACHPtCl2 compound (trans-(R,R)-1,2-diaminocyclohexanedichloroplatinum(II)) is a potent anticancer drug with a broad spectrum of activity and is less toxic than oxaliplatin (trans-l-diaminocyclohexane oxalate platinum II), with which it shares the active metal fragment DACHPt. Nevertheless, due to poor water solubility, its use as a chemotherapeutic drug is limited. Here, DACHPtCl2 was conjugated, in a bidentate form, with half-generation PAMAM dendrimers (G0.5-G3.5) with carboxylate end-groups, and the resulting conjugates were evaluated against various types of cancer cell lines. In this way, we aimed at increasing the solubility and availability at the target site of DACHPt while potentially reducing the adverse side effects. DNA binding assays showed a hyperchromic effect compatible with DNA helix's disruption upon the interaction of the metallodendrimers and/or the released active metallic fragments with DNA. Furthermore, the prepared DACHPt metallodendrimers presented cytotoxicity in a wide set of cancer cell lines used (the relative potency regarding oxaliplatin was in general high) and were not hemotoxic. Importantly, their selectivity for A2780 and CACO-2 cancer cells with respect to non-cancer cells was particularly high. Subsequently, the anticancer drug 5-FU was loaded in a selected metallodendrimer (the G2.5COO(DACHPt)16) to investigate a possible synergistic effect between the two drugs carried by the same dendrimer scaffold and tested for cytotoxicity in A2780cisR and CACO-2 cancer cell lines. This combination resulted in IC50 values much lower than the IC50 for 5-FU but higher than those found for the metallodendrimers without 5-FU. It seems, thus, that the metallic fragment-induced cytotoxicity dominates over the cytotoxicity of 5-FU in the set of considered cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Camacho
- CQM-Centro de Química da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9000-390 Funchal, Portugal; (C.C.); (H.T.)
| | - Helena Tomás
- CQM-Centro de Química da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9000-390 Funchal, Portugal; (C.C.); (H.T.)
| | - João Rodrigues
- CQM-Centro de Química da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9000-390 Funchal, Portugal; (C.C.); (H.T.)
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Nano Energy Materials, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
- Correspondence:
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Gardouh AR, Barakat BM, Qushawy MKE, El-Kazzaz AY, Sami MM, Zaitone SA. Antitumor activity of a molecularly imprinted nanopreparation of 5-flurouracil against Ehrlich's carcinoma solid tumors grown in mice: Comparison to free 5-flurouracil. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 295:52-63. [PMID: 29678497 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Recently, nanotechnology has received great attention in war against cancer. The present study investigated the antitumor efficacy of molecularly imprinted nanopreparation of 5-fluorouracil (nano-5-FU) against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) solid tumors grown in mice. Tumor cells were transplanted into female albino mice. Mice were allocated into 5 groups; Group 1: control EAC bearing mice. Groups 2&3: EAC-bearing mice treated orally with 5-FU (5 and 10 mg/kg) twice weekly. Groups 4&5: EAC bearing mice treated with nano-5-FU (5 and 10 mg/kg) twice weekly. Treatment with nano-5-FU showed higher antitumor effect compared to free 5-FU as indicated by enhanced apoptosis and reduction in tumor weight. Additionally, lower number of mitotic figures and greater area for necrosis were observed in the tumor specimens alongside with a decline in the number of intratumoral proliferating nuclei in comparison to free 5-FU. Furthermore, the results showed a significant down-regulation in tumoral expression of caspase-3 and vascular endothelial growth factor. Together, these results further support the potential of using nanotechnology to enhance anticancer efficacy of 5-FU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed R Gardouh
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
| | - Bassant M Barakat
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mona K E Qushawy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Industries, Sinai University, El-Arish, North Sinai, Egypt.
| | - Amany Y El-Kazzaz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
| | - Manal M Sami
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
| | - Sawsan A Zaitone
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
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Jabłoński A, Matczak K, Koceva-Chyła A, Durka K, Steverding D, Jakubiec-Krześniak K, Solecka J, Trzybiński D, Woźniak K, Andreu V, Mendoza G, Arruebo M, Kochel K, Krawczyk B, Szczukocki D, Kowalski K. Cymantrenyl-Nucleobases: Synthesis, Anticancer, Antitrypanosomal and Antimicrobial Activity Studies. Molecules 2017; 22:E2220. [PMID: 29240697 PMCID: PMC6149849 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22122220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of four cymantrene-5-fluorouracil derivatives (1-4) and two cymantrene-adenine derivatives (5 and 6) is reported. All of the compounds were characterized by spectroscopic methods and the crystal structure of two derivatives (1 and 6), together with the previously described cymantrene-adenine compound C was determined by X-ray crystallography. While the compounds 1 and 6 crystallized in the triclinic P-1 space group, compound C crystallized in the monoclinic P2₁/m space group. The newly synthesized compounds 1-6 were tested together with the two previously described cymantrene derivatives B and C for their in vitro antiproliferative activity against seven cancer cell lines (MCF-7, MCF-7/DX, MDA-MB-231, SKOV-3, A549, HepG2m and U-87-MG), five bacterial strains Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin-sensitive, methicillin-resistant and vancomycin-intermediate strains), Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Escherichia coli, including clinical isolates of S. aureus and S. epidermidis, as well as against the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei. The most cytotoxic compounds were derivatives 2 and C for A549 and SKOV-3 cancer cell lines, respectively, with 50% growth inhibition (IC50) values of about 7 µM. The anticancer activity of the cymantrene compounds was determined to be due to their ability to induce oxidative stress and to trigger apoptosis and autophagy in cancer cells. Three derivatives (1, 4 and 5) displayed promising antitrypanosomal activity, with GI50 values in the low micromolar range (3-4 µM). The introduction of the 5-fluorouracil moiety in 1 enhanced the trypanocidal activity when compared to the activity previously reported for the corresponding uracil derivative. The antibacterial activity of cymantrene compounds 1 and C was within the range of 8-64 µg/mL and seemed to be the result of induced cell shrinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Jabłoński
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Łódź, Tamka 12, 91-403 Łódź, Poland;
| | - Karolina Matczak
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Łódź, Poland; (K.M.); (A.K.-C.); (K.D.); (Kr.K.)
| | - Aneta Koceva-Chyła
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Łódź, Poland; (K.M.); (A.K.-C.); (K.D.); (Kr.K.)
| | - Kamil Durka
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Łódź, Poland; (K.M.); (A.K.-C.); (K.D.); (Kr.K.)
| | - Dietmar Steverding
- Bob Champion Research & Education Building, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK;
| | - Katarzyna Jakubiec-Krześniak
- National Institute of Public Health-National Institute of Hygiene, Chocimska 24, 00-791 Warszawa, Poland; (K.J.-K.); (J.S.)
| | - Jolanta Solecka
- National Institute of Public Health-National Institute of Hygiene, Chocimska 24, 00-791 Warszawa, Poland; (K.J.-K.); (J.S.)
| | - Damian Trzybiński
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki and Wigury 101, 02-089 Warszawa, Poland; (D.T.); (K.W.)
| | - Krzysztof Woźniak
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki and Wigury 101, 02-089 Warszawa, Poland; (D.T.); (K.W.)
| | - Vanesa Andreu
- Department of Chemical Engineering. Aragon Institute of Nanoscience (INA), University of Zaragoza, Campus Río Ebro-Edificio I+D, C/ Poeta Mariano Esquillor S/N, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; (V.A.); (G.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Gracia Mendoza
- Department of Chemical Engineering. Aragon Institute of Nanoscience (INA), University of Zaragoza, Campus Río Ebro-Edificio I+D, C/ Poeta Mariano Esquillor S/N, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; (V.A.); (G.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Manuel Arruebo
- Department of Chemical Engineering. Aragon Institute of Nanoscience (INA), University of Zaragoza, Campus Río Ebro-Edificio I+D, C/ Poeta Mariano Esquillor S/N, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; (V.A.); (G.M.); (M.A.)
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Krzysztof Kochel
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Łódź, Poland; (K.M.); (A.K.-C.); (K.D.); (Kr.K.)
| | - Barbara Krawczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Łódź, Tamka 12, 91-403 Łódź, Poland; (B.K.); (D.Sz.)
| | - Dominik Szczukocki
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Łódź, Tamka 12, 91-403 Łódź, Poland; (B.K.); (D.Sz.)
| | - Konrad Kowalski
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Łódź, Tamka 12, 91-403 Łódź, Poland;
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Wang J, Zou MJ, Chen L, Sheng YL, Zhou XM, Zhang XR. Synthesis, physicochemical characterization and pharmacological investigation of indolacin-5-fluorouracil-1-ylmethyl ester. Pak J Pharm Sci 2016; 29:1997-2004. [PMID: 28375116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this work is to synthesize indolacin-5-fluorouracil-1-ylmethyl ester and the structure was confirmed by means of UV, IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and mass spectrometry. The physicochemical parameters of melting point, solubility, apparent partition coefficient were investigated. S180 sarcoma, H22 hapatitic cancer and Lewis-transplanted mice were used to evaluate the anti-tumor activity of indolacini-5-fluorouracil-1-ylmethyl ester compared with 5-fluorouracil in vivo. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities were evaluated in mice. The inhibitory ratio of indolacini- 5-fluorouracil-1-ylmethyl ester is comparative to that of 5-fluorouracil. This study indicates that 5-fluorouracil-1-ylmethyl ester may represent a new anticancer predrug of 5-fluorouracil to produce a combined effect of indolacin and 5-fluorouracil for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, China
| | - Mei-Juan Zou
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, China
| | - Lei Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, China
| | - Yi-Ling Sheng
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiao-Mian Zhou
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiang-Rong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, China
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Ashwanikumar N, Kumar NA, Asha Nair S, Vinod Kumar GS. 5-Fluorouracil-lipid conjugate: potential candidate for drug delivery through encapsulation in hydrophobic polyester-based nanoparticles. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:4685-4694. [PMID: 25110286 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The encapsulation of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in hydrophobic polymeric materials is made feasible by a lipid-based prodrug approach. A lipid-5-FU conjugate of 5-FU with palmitic acid was synthesized in two-step process. A synthesized dipalmitoyl derivative (5-FUDIPAL) was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and (1)H-nuclear magnetic resonance. The 5-FUDIPAL was encapsulated in polyester-based polymers by the double emulsion-solvent evaporation method. The nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. The thermal stability was assessed by differential scanning calorimetry data. In vitro release kinetics measurements of the drug from nanoparticles showed the controlled release pattern over a period of time. Cytotoxicity measurements by MTT assay confirmed that dipalmitoyl derivative in nano formulation successfully inhibited the cell growth. Thus the combined physical and biological evaluation of the different polyester-based nanoparticle containing the modified drug showed a facile approach to delivering 5-FU to the tumour site with enhanced efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ashwanikumar
- Chemical Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram 695 014, Kerala, India
| | - Nisha Asok Kumar
- Cancer Research Programme, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram 695 014, Kerala, India
| | - S Asha Nair
- Cancer Research Programme, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram 695 014, Kerala, India
| | - G S Vinod Kumar
- Chemical Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram 695 014, Kerala, India.
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6
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Chen H, Wu W, Li Y, Gong T, Sun X, Zhang Z. A novel brain targeted 5-fU derivative with potential antitumor efficiency and decreased acute toxicity: synthesis, in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Pharmazie 2014; 69:271-276. [PMID: 24791590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The broad-spectrum antitumor agent 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), has been used to treat various solid malignant tumors. However, its short life-time in vivo and poor ability to cross the blood-brain barrier has limited its application to brain tumor therapy. In order to develop a 5-FU derivative that localizes efficiently to the brain while retaining potent antitumor activity, we conjugated 5-FU with N,N-dimethylethylenediamine via an amide bond. The stability of the resulting 5-FU derivative (D-FU) was tested in vitro in phosphate buffer, rat plasma and brain homogenate. The pharmacokinetic and biodistribution studies in brains of the rats showed a higher C(max) (the maximal concentration) and an increased AUC(0-t) (the area under the concentration-time curve) which was 6-fold that of 5-FU. In addition, compared to 5-FU, D-FU exhibited lower toxicity in an acute toxicity assay and similar antitumor activity in the C6 cell line. In conclusion, D-FU has the potential to be developed into an efficient brain delivery drug.
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Shobana S, Dharmaraja J, Selvaraj S. Mixed ligand complexation of some transition metal ions in solution and solid state: spectral characterization, antimicrobial, antioxidant, DNA cleavage activities and molecular modeling. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2013; 107:117-132. [PMID: 23416916 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Revised: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Equilibrium studies of Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) mixed ligand complexes involving a primary ligand 5-fluorouracil (5-FU; A) and imidazoles viz., imidazole (him), benzimidazole (bim), histamine (hist) and L-histidine (his) as co-ligands(B) were carried out pH-metrically in aqueous medium at 310±0.1K with I=0.15 M (NaClO4). In solution state, the stoichiometry of MABH, MAB and MAB2 species have been detected. The primary ligand(A) binds the central M(II) ions in a monodentate manner whereas him, bim, hist and his co-ligands(B) bind in mono, mono, bi and tridentate modes respectively. The calculated ΔlogK, logX and logX' values indicate higher stability of the mixed ligand complexes in comparison to binary species. Stability of the mixed ligand complex equilibria follows the Irving-Williams order of stability. In vitro biological evaluations of the free ligand(A) and their metal complexes by well diffusion technique show moderate activities against common bacterial and fungal strains. Oxidative cleavage interaction of ligand(A) and their copper complexes with CT DNA is also studied by gel electrophoresis method in the presence of oxidant. In vitro antioxidant evaluations of the primary ligand(A), CuA and CuAB complexes by DPPH free radical scavenging model were carried out. In solid, the MAB type of M(II)5-FU(A)his(B) complexes were isolated and characterized by various physico-chemical and spectral techniques. Both the magnetic susceptibility and electronic spectral analysis suggest distorted octahedral geometry. Thermal studies on the synthesized mixed ligand complexes show loss of coordinated water molecule in the first step followed by decomposition of the organic residues subsequently. XRD and SEM analysis suggest that the microcrystalline nature and homogeneous morphology of MAB complexes. Further, the 3D molecular modeling and analysis for the mixed ligand MAB complexes have also been carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sutha Shobana
- Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College (Men), Nandanam, Chennai 600 035, Tamil Nadu, India
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Dar UK, Khan IU, Javed M, Rasheed R, Mahmoud Z, Hyder SW, Bhatti SM, Anwar J. Preperation of (99m)Tc labeled 5-fluorouracil as a potential diagnostic agent in advanced breast cancer: first clinical trial. Hell J Nucl Med 2012; 15:43-47. [PMID: 22413112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The chemotherapeutic drug 5-fluorouracil (5FU) is used for treatment of various types of cancers. The present study was conducted to evaluate the potential of this drug as a diagnostic radiopharmaceutical in advanced breast cancer. We have labeled 5FU by using the stannous chloride reduction method with 555MBq of technetium-99m ((99m)Tc). The (99m)Tc-5FU was injected intravenously in 4 patients having advanced breast cancer. Dynamic and static images were taken at various time intervals till 2h. Whole body images were used to calculate the percentage of the injected dose, in each organ. Target to non target ratio was calculated to find out the optimum time for imaging. In conclusion, our study showed that (99m)Tc-5FU was a promising agent for diagnosing advanced breast cancer with optimum visualization at 1h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ume Kalsoom Dar
- Radiopharmacy Division, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Oncology, New Campus Road, P. O. Box 10068, Lahore- 54600, Pakistan
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Abstract
An anticancer drug (5-fluorouracil) was conjugated to the surface of gold nanoparticles through a photocleavable o-nitrobenzyl linkage. In this system, the particle serves as both cage and carrier for the therapeutic, providing a nontoxic conjugate that effectively releases the payload upon long wavelength UV irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarit S. Agasti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Apiwat Chompoosor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Chang-Cheng You
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Partha Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Chae Kyu Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Vincent M. Rotello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003
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Phelan RM, Ostermeier M, Townsend CA. Design and synthesis of a beta-lactamase activated 5-fluorouracil prodrug. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:1261-3. [PMID: 19167216 PMCID: PMC2838426 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.12.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2008] [Revised: 12/09/2008] [Accepted: 12/11/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient synthesis of a 5-fluorouracil-cephalosporin prodrug is described for use against colorectal and other cancers in antibody and gene-directed therapies. The compound shows stability in aqueous media until specifically activated by beta-lactamase (betaL). The kinetic parameters of the 5-fluorouracil-cephalosporin conjugate were determined in the presence of Enterobacter cloacae P99 betaL (ECl betaL) revealing a K(m)=95.4 microM and V(max)=3.21 microMol min(-1) mg(-1). The data compare favorably to related systems that have been reported and enable testing of this prodrug against cancer cell lines in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M. Phelan
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore, MD 21212, USA
| | - Marc Ostermeier
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore, MD 21212, USA
| | - Craig A. Townsend
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore, MD 21212, USA
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Howard-Sparks M, Al-Ghananeem AM, Crooks PA, Pearson AP. A Novel Chemical Delivery System Comprising an Ocular Sustained Release Formulation of a 3α, 17α, 21-trihydroxy-5β-pregnan-20-one-BIS-5-Flourouracil Codrug. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2008; 33:677-82. [PMID: 17613031 DOI: 10.1080/03639040601134108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Directly compressed sustained release pellets were prepared from material consisting of a molecule of 3alpha, 17alpha, 21-trihydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one (trihydroxy steroid, THS) covalently linked via carbonate moieties to two molecules of 5-flourouracil (5FU) to form a novel THS-BIS-5FU codrug for the treatment of angiogenesis. Dissolution and drug release was tested in vitro in 0.1M phosphate buffer (pH 7.4), human serum, and vitreous humor. The results suggest that neat THS-BIS-5FU codrug pellets are useful for sustained release ocular delivery of the parent compounds, and that the unique physicochemical properties of the codrug allow slow dissolution and rapid release of the two parent drugs. This codrug formulation is regarded as a "chemical delivery" system that involves dissolution of the codrug as the rate-limiting step followed by rapid hydrolysis of the carbonate ester linkages to release the parent drugs via sustained delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Howard-Sparks
- College of Pharmacy, Chandler Medical Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0082, USA
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Abstract
5,6-dihydro-5-fluorouracil (5-DHFU) is a metabolite of the chemotherapy drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) of importance for biological studies. 5-DHFU has been prepared by enzymatic reduction of 5-FU and in very low yield by hydrogenation of 5-FU; however, a practical chemical synthesis is not available. Facile racemic syntheses of 5-DHFU from 5-FU or uracil, using p-methoxybenzyl protecting groups followed by L-Selectride reduction, are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew L LaFrate
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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Gao H, Gu Y, Ping Q. The implantable 5-fluorouracil-loaded poly(l-lactic acid) fibers prepared by wet-spinning from suspension. J Control Release 2007; 118:325-32. [PMID: 17321624 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2006.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2006] [Revised: 12/06/2006] [Accepted: 12/31/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The paper introduced an improved fabrication technique, by which the hydrophobic polymer monofilament fiber loading hydrophilic drug was obtained. The micronized 5-Fu (5-fluorouracil) powders were homogeneously dispersed in PLLA (poly(l-lactic acid))-chloroform solution to form the suspension, and then the suspension was solidified in the nonsolvent to prepare the fibers by wet-spinning method under mild condition. The diameter of drug-loaded fiber was in the range of 50-250 microm. The hydrophilic drug powders were successfully encapsulated into the monofilament fiber with good stability, high drug loading content and efficacy. The MTT cytotoxicity assay in vitro revealed the satisfactory anticancer activity of the drug-loaded fibers. The long-term release characteristics of these fibers were also achieved. Furthermore, the drug release rate of the fibers could be regulated by the formulation and fabricating parameters, such as drug loading content, polymer concentration in suspension, nonsolvent composition and flow rate in wet-spinning. The release mechanism of the fibers was investigated and described by Fickian diffusion equation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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14
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Yang YW, Lee JS, Kim I, Jung YJ, Kim YM. Synthesis and properties of N-nicotinoyl-2-(5-fluorouracil-1-yl)-D,L-glycine ester as a prodrug of 5-fluorouracil for rectal administration. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2006; 66:260-7. [PMID: 17182232 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2006.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2006] [Revised: 09/23/2006] [Accepted: 11/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
N-Nicotinoyl-2-(5-fluorouracil-1-yl)-D,L-glycine (NFG) methyl-(NFGM), ethyl-(NFGE) and isopropyl esters (NFGIp) were synthesized and their potential as a prodrug of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) for rectal administration was investigated. Chemical conversion proceeded either by elimination of (5-FU) or by hydrolysis of ester group. 5-FU was released from NFGIp, NFGE and NFGM 90.5%, 71.3% and 48.5% of the dose, respectively, in 80% human plasma and 79.8%, 56.3% and 31.6%, respectively, in pH 7.4 buffer solution after 48 h of incubation at 37 degrees C. Release of 5-FU occurred mainly from NFG esters but very slightly from NFG, which suggested that release of 5-FU was greatly dependent on the stability of the ester group against hydrolysis. Solubility (M) in pH 7.4 buffer solution was 0.13, 0.09 and 0.04 and apparent partition coefficient in 1-octanol/pH 7.4 buffer solution was 0.76, 1.61 and 4.2, respectively, for NFGM, NFGE and NFGIp, which were in the ranges suitable for rectal absorption. Plasma concentration (microg/mL) of NFGM, NFGE and NFGIp at 50 min after rectal administration to rats was 1.9, 4.6 and 6.7, respectively, and that for 5-FU was below the limit of detection. Their potential as prodrugs of 5-FU for rectal administration is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Wook Yang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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15
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Zhang FM, Yao XJ, Tian X, Tu YQ. Synthesis and biological evaluation of new 4beta-5-Fu-substituted 4'-demethylepipodophyllotoxin derivatives. Molecules 2006; 11:849-57. [PMID: 18007391 DOI: 10.3390/11110849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2006] [Revised: 10/26/2006] [Accepted: 10/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of new 4beta-5-Fu-substituted 4'-demethylepipodophyllotoxin derivatives were synthesized and evaluated, together with some previously prepared ones, for their cytotoxic activities against four tumor cell lines (HL60, P388, A549 and BEL7402). Three of these compounds exhibited superior in vitro anticancer activity against P388 and A549 than the reference compound etoposide. In addition, the partition coefficients (P) of all the new and previously synthesized derivatives were determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China.
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16
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Xu LH, Weng LL, Zheng H. [Synthesis of 5-fluorouracil derivatives containing alkanoic acid]. Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2006; 37:644-6. [PMID: 16909623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To synthesize 5-fluorouracil derivatives containing 2-5 carbon alkanoic acid. METHODS N1-substituted derivatives containing alkanoic acid were prepared through the hydrolysis of these products of the reaction of haloesters and excessive amount of 5-fluorouracil. 5-fluorouracil were protected with tertbutoxycarbonyl (Boc) at N1-position, then reacted with haloesters and deprotected in turn, through this "one-pot" method, N3-substituted 5-FU alkanoic acid esters can be obtained, with high yields (75%-85%). The hydrolysis of these products gave N3-substituted 5-FU alkanoic acid at last. RESULTS Including 10 new compounds and 8 aim compounds, 16 derivatives of 5-fluorouracil were obtained and confirmed by the spectral detection. CONCLUSIONS The reaction of excessive amount of 5-fluorouracil and haloesters can produce a good yield of N1-substituted derivatives. N3-substituted derivatives can be obtained through the reactions of 5-fluorouracil protected with Boc at N1-position and haloesters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu-hua Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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17
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Hao AJ, Deng YJ, Suo XB, Cao YH. Synthesis and characteristics of the fluorouracil-dextran conjugates. Pharmazie 2006; 61:489-90. [PMID: 16724554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Al Jun Hao
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Department of Pharmaceutics, Shenyang City, PR China.
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18
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Cho YW, Lee JR, Song SC. Novel Thermosensitive 5-Fluorouracil−Cyclotriphosphazene Conjugates: Synthesis, Thermosensitivity, Degradability, and in Vitro Antitumor Activity. Bioconjug Chem 2005; 16:1529-35. [PMID: 16287251 DOI: 10.1021/bc049697u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel thermosensitive macromolecular prodrug of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was synthesized using cyclotriphosphazene, and its thermosensitivity, degradability, and in vitro antitumor activity were studied. A series of alpha-substituted glycine derivatives of 5-FU containing carboxylic groups were prepared, and cyclotriphosphazenes with amino groups were synthesized via the stepwise substitution of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (NPCl(2))(3) with methoxy-poly(ethylene glycol) (MPEG) or alkoxy ethylene oxide and lysine ethyl ester (LysOEt). The coupling reaction of the two derivatives, and their subsequent deprotection, yielded a thermosenstive 5-FU-cyclotriphosphazene conjugate, which exhibited a unique octopus-shaped molecular structure, in which the three hydrophilic PEG groups (or alkoxy ethylene oxides) were oriented in one direction, opposing the other three hydrophobic groups containing 5-FU, with respect to the trimer ring plane. This conjugate exhibited a reversible and thermosensitive phase transition in an aqueous medium, from soluble to insoluble states. The lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the conjugate was controlled by substitution with different hydrophilic/hydrophobic side groups, and a few of the conjugates displayed LCSTs which were just below body temperature. This, of course, implies possible applications for local drug delivery by direct intratumoral injection. The conjugate exhibited gradual degradation at 37 degrees C in both neutral and acidic buffer solutions, and high temperature significantly facilitated its hydrolytic degradation. All of the conjugates displayed dose-dependent cytotoxicity against the leukemia L1210 cell line and exhibited more pronounced cytotoxic effects than did 5-FU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Woo Cho
- Division of Life Science, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 130-650, Korea
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19
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Egron MJ, Komiotis D, Dorange I, Herscovici J, Ollapally AP, Antonakis K. New short route to unsaturated fluoroketonucleosides: case of 5-fluoro-1-(6-O-acetyl-3,4-di-deoxy-3-fluoro-beta-D-glycero-hex-3-eno-pyranos-2-ulosyl) uracil. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2005; 24:243-6. [PMID: 16021909 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-59683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The proposed short synthesis involves two key steps: Oxidation of the isopropylidene derivative of the 3-fluoronucleoside possessing a free hydroxyl group in 2-position and acetylation of deprotected 3-fluoro-2-ketonucleoside which, after a beta-elimination reaction, gives the desired unsaturated ketonucleoside 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-José Egron
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris, CNRS-UMR 8151, 11, Rue P. et M. Curie, Paris 75005, France
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20
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Espinosa A, Marchal JA, Aránega A, Gallo MA, Aiello S, Campos J. Antitumoural properties of benzannelated seven-membered 5-fluorouracil derivatives and related open analogues. Molecular markers for apoptosis and cell cycle dysregulation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 60:91-7. [PMID: 15752467 DOI: 10.1016/j.farmac.2004.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2004] [Revised: 07/26/2004] [Accepted: 12/29/2004] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Attention is increasingly being focussed on the cell cycle and apoptosis as potential targets for therapeutic intervention in cancer. We prepared a series of bioisosteric benzannelated seven-membered 5-FU O,N-acetals to test them against the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line. Benzo-fused seven-membered O,O-acetals or their acyclic analogues led to the expected 5-FU O,N-acetals (or aminals), in addition to six- and 14-membered aminal structures and acyclic compounds. All the cyclic aminals provoked a G0/G1-phase cell cycle arrest, whereas Ftorafur, a known prodrug of 5-FU, and 1-[2-(2-hydroxymethyl-4-nitrophenoxy)-1-methoxyethyl]-5-fluorouracil (11) induced an S-phase cell cycle arrest. Although breast cancer is most often treated with conventional cytotoxic agents it has proved difficult to induce apoptosis in breast cancer cells, but improved clinical responses may be obtained by identifying therapies that are particularly effective in activating apoptosis. 1-(2,3-Dihydrobenzoxepin-2-yl)-5-fluorouracil (5) may be particularly useful in stimulating apoptosis in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Espinosa
- Departamento de Química Farmacéutica y Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, c/ Campus de Cartuja, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain.
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21
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Campos J, Saniger E, Marchal JA, Aiello S, Súarez I, Boulaiz H, Aránega A, A Gallo M, Espinosa A. New Medium Oxacyclic O,N-Acetals and Related Open Analogues: Biological Activities. Curr Med Chem 2005; 12:1423-38. [PMID: 15974993 DOI: 10.2174/0929867054020927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Attention is increasingly being focussed on the cell cycle and apoptosis as potential targets for therapeutic intervention in cancer. Taking 1-[(2-oxepanyl)]-5-fluorouracil previously prepared by us, we committed ourselves to increase the lipophilicity of this upper cyclohomologue of Ftorafur and prepared a series of bioisosteric benzannelated seven-membered 5-FU O,N-acetals to test them against the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line. Benzo-fused seven-membered O,O-acetals or their acyclic analogues led to the expected 5-FU O,N-acetals (or aminals), in addition to six- and to 14-membered aminal structures and acyclic compounds. All the cyclic aminals provoked a G(o)/G(1)-phase cell cycle arrest, whereas Ftorafur, a known prodrug of 5-FU, and 1-[2-(2-hydroxymethyl-4-nitrophenoxy)-1-methoxyethyl]-5-fluorouracil (51) induced an S-phase cell cycle arrest. Although breast cancer is most often treated with conventional cytotoxic agents it has proved difficult to induce apoptosis in breast cancer cells and, consequently, improved clinical responses may be obtained by identifying therapies that are particularly effective in activating apoptosis. 1-(2,3-Dihydrobenzoxepin-2-yl)-5-fluorouracil (26) may be particularly useful in stimulating apoptosis in breast cancer. This compound is more potent as an apoptotic inductor than paclitaxel (Taxol). Finally, a fact that is worth emphasizing is that the cyclic and acyclic 5-FU O,N-acetals induce neither toxicity nor death in mice after one month's treatment when administered intravenously twice a week, with a 50 mg/kg dose each time. Taken together, the experimental findings provide evidence of specific anti-tumour activity of these new substances and warrant further evaluation in in vivo models of breast cancer to future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín Campos
- Departamento de Química Farmacéutica y Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, c/ Campus de Cartuja, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain.
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22
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Alauddin MM, Shahinian A, Park R, Tohme M, Fissekis JD, Conti PS. Synthesis and evaluation of 2'-deoxy-2'-18F-fluoro-5-fluoro-1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyluracil as a potential PET imaging agent for suicide gene expression. J Nucl Med 2004; 45:2063-9. [PMID: 15585483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED 2'-deoxy-2'-(18)F-fluoro-5-fluoro-1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyluracil ((18)F-FFAU) has been synthesized and evaluated in HT-29 cells as a potential PET agent for herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase (HSV1-tk) gene expression. METHODS 2-Deoxy-2-(18)F-fluoro-1,3,5-tri-O-benzoyl-alpha-D-arabinofuranose was prepared by the reaction of the respective 2-triflate with tetrabutylammonium (18)F-fluoride. The fluorosugar was converted to its 1-bromo derivative and coupled with protected 5-fluorouracil. The crude product was hydrolyzed in base and purified by high-performance liquid chromatography to obtain the (18)F-FFAU. In vitro studies were performed in HT-29 cells by incubation at various time points. In vivo studies including biodistribution and microPET were performed in tumor-bearing nude mice. RESULTS The radiochemical yield was 20%-30% decay corrected with an average of 25% in 4 runs. Radiochemical purity was >99% and average specific activity was 85 GBq/micromol (2,300 mCi/micromol) (end of synthesis). In vitro accumulation of (3)H-FFAU in HSV1-tk-expressing cells was approximately 180-fold (P < 0.001) higher than that in the wild-type cells between 30 and 120 min. In vivo uptake of (3)H-FFAU in HSV1-tk-positive tumors at 2 h was approximately 8-fold (P < 0.001) higher than that in the control tumors. Tumor uptake (percentage injected dose per gram of tissue) and the uptake ratio (tk-positive to wild type) of (3)H-FFAU in tk-positive cells was higher compared with those of our earlier studies using 2'-(14)C-deoxy-2'-fluoro-5-methyl-1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyluracil ((14)C-FMAU) and 9-(4-(18)F-fluoro-3-hydroxymethylbutyl)guanine ((18)F-FHBG) in the same cell lines. microPET on tumor-bearing nude mice also demonstrated a very high uptake of (18)F-FFAU in tk-positive tumors compared with that of the control tumor without significant accumulation in other organs. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that (18)F-FFAU has superior biodistribution characteristics and significantly higher in vivo uptake in HSV1-tk-expressing tumor compared with previously studied agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mian M Alauddin
- PET Imaging Science Center, Department of Radiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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23
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Abstract
To enhance the liver targeting and reduce the side effects of 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu), it was acylated by stearyl chloride to obtain N1-stearyl-5-Fu (5-FuS). The chemical structure of the prodrug was confirmed by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Infrared Spectrometry. 5-FuS was incorporated into solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN), which were prepared by the physical agglomeration method. The mean diameter of 5-FuS-SLN was 240.19 nm and the drug loading was 20.53%. The release characteristics in vitro of 5-FuS-SLN were fitted to the first-order pharmacokinetic model. Compared with 5-Fu injection, a study on the distribution of 5-FuS-SLN in mice showed that 5-FuS-SLN could double 5-Fu concentration in mice livers. The main pharmacokinetic parameters of 5-FuS-SLN in rabbits is shown as follows: Vd=0.04336 L/kg, T(1/2) beta=1.2834 h, CL=0.1632 L/h. In conclusion, 5-FuS-SLN has significant liver targeting properties. The employment of a prodrug to enhance drug liposoluble properties and the preparation method presented in this paper, seem to be an alternative strategy to the traditional colloidal delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Tao Yu
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
5-Fluorouracil/diazeniumdiolate conjugates were first synthesized, and showed greater cytotoxicities than 5-fluorouracil for DU 145 human prostate and HeLa cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingwei Bill Cai
- Departments of Biochemistry and Chemistry, The Ohio State University, OH 43210, USA.
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Hai L, Wu LY, Huang J, Cheng L, Wu Y. [Synthesis of N1-(aryl)alkyloxyacyl-5-fluorouracil derivatives]. Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2004; 35:552-4. [PMID: 15291126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To synthesize N1-(aryl)alkyloxyacyl-5-fluorouracil derivatives and investigate their antitumor activities. METHODS Title compounds (I) were prepared by 5-fluorouracil which was trimethylsilylated by hexamethyl-di-silazane, and then acylated. Hydrogenization of compounds (I) brought on compounds (II), which were esterified to produce title compounds (III) afterwards. RESULTS Twelve title compounds were synthesized. CONCLUSION These compounds were designed products confirmed by 1H-NMR, IR and MS spectral data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Hai
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610061, China
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26
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Fournier E, Passirani C, Colin N, Breton P, Sagodira S, Benoit JP. Development of novel 5-FU-loaded poly(methylidene malonate 2.1.2)-based microspheres for the treatment of brain cancers. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2004; 57:189-97. [PMID: 15018974 DOI: 10.1016/s0939-6411(03)00146-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2003] [Revised: 08/11/2003] [Accepted: 08/11/2003] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In order to treat malignant brain tumors by local delivery of antineoplastic agents, the feasibility of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-sustained release biodegradable microspheres with a novel material, poly(methylidene malonate 2.1.2), was investigated using an emulsion/extraction method. This polymer was expected to present a slow degradation rate, thus leading to a long term local delivery system. Microparticles were successfully obtained and characterized in terms of drug loading, size, morphology and release profile. The size of the particles was between 40 and 50 microm, which was compatible with a stereotactic injection through a needle. Sufficient drug loadings were obtained (i.e. compatible with the preparation of therapeutic 5-FU doses in a minimal volume of injection), and perfectly spherical microspheres were observed. The respective influences of the polymer molecular weight, the polymer concentration, and the emulsion time on the release profiles were studied using a 2(3) factorial design. In the same objective, the solvent extraction time was extended while keeping all the previous parameters fixed at their optimal values. The in vitro study of these different parameters allowed a reduction of the initial burst release, with a percentage of 5-FU released after 24 h that was lowered from 90 to 65%, and the achievement of a long term drug delivery system, since the release was still ongoing after 43 days. Moreover, the microparticles could be gamma-sterilized (25 kGy) without modification of the release kinetics. Thus, the requested specifications to perform animal experiments were attained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvire Fournier
- Inserm ERIT-M 0104 Ingénierie de la Vectorisation Particulaire, Angers, France
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27
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Abstract
The 3-alkylcarbonyloxymethyl-5-fluorouracil (3-ACOM-5-FU) prodrugs have been characterized by their solubilities in isopropyl myristate (S(IPM)) and partition coefficients between IPM and pH 4.0 buffer (K(IPM:AQ)). Estimated S(AQ) values have been obtained from S(AQ) = S(IPM)/K(IPM:AQ.) The abilities of the prodrugs to deliver total 5-FU species from IPM suspensions through hairless mouse skin (J(i)) have been evaluated in diffusion cell experiments. All of the prodrugs were much more soluble in IPM than 5-FU, and the propionyloxymethyl (C2) member of the series was almost twice as soluble in pH 4.0 buffer. Except for the acetyloxymethyl (C1) member of the series, the 3-ACOM-5-FU prodrugs exhibited greater S(IPM) and S(AQ) values than the corresponding 1-alkylcarbonyloxymethyl (1-ACOM-5-FU) prodrugs. The 3-ACOM-5-FU prodrugs that exhibited greater S(IPM) and S(AQ) values than the 1-ACOM-5-FU prodrugs also exhibited greater J(i) values, except for the C2 member. The C2 member also gave the largest error in predicting J(i) using the transformed Potts-Guy equation. All of the 3-ACOM-5-FU prodrugs delivered more 5-FU as a percentage of J(i) than the 1-ACOM-5-FU prodrugs but were not more effective as a series at targeting dermal as opposed to transdermal delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Roberts
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, P. O. Box 100485, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
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Domínguez JF, Marchal JA, Correa A, Carrillo E, Boulaiz H, Aránega A, Gallo MA, Espinosa A. Synthesis and evaluation of new 5-fluorouracil antitumor cell differentiating derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem 2003; 11:315-23. [PMID: 12517427 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(02)00464-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Three new antitumour drugs containing two 5-fluorouracil moieties at both ends of the structure and a two amide bond linker were synthesized. Appropriated bis-acetal were reacted with two equivalents of 5-FU to afford the desired compounds. These drugs were evaluated for their ability to induce myogenic maturation in vitro on human rhabdomyosarcoma cells in an experimental model. Compounds 5 and 6 induced morphological and phenotypical differentiation in rhabdomyosarcoma cells at 4.5 and 3.5 microM, respectively. These new cell differentiating agents could be used as an alternative to selective destruction of undifferentiated cells. A potential role of the differentiation therapy as an alternative approach to the treatment of rhabdomyosarcomas is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- José F Domínguez
- Departamento de Química Farmacéutica y Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
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Hu XG, Wang SM, Zhang QX, Cao MM, Lu Y. Synthesis of targeted drug delivery system for fluorouracil using sulfadiazine as the carrier. Di Yi Jun Yi Da Xue Xue Bao 2002; 22:1042-4. [PMID: 12433646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To synthesize a targeted drug delivery system for 5-fluorouracil (5Fu) using sulfadiazine (SF) as a carrier with reduced side-effects and strong antitumor activity. METHODS SF-poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) conjugate was initially synthesized. 5Fu was subjected to reaction with trichloromethyl chloroformate to prepare chloroformyl 5Fu, which was linked to a spacer hydroxyl group of PEG that served as a macromolecular linking arm between SF and 5Fu. The content of 5Fu in the conjugate was determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry. Spectrum of ultraviolet and infrared along with differential scanning calorimetry were employed to identify the structure of the conjugate of SFPEG-end capped 5Fu. RESULTS The drug loading content of the conjugate was 3.2 %, and structural analysis confirmed the linkage between 5Fu and SF via PEG. CONCLUSION Targeted drug delivery system for 5Fu using SF as a carrier has been successfully synthesized by this means.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Gang Hu
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, First Military Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
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30
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Abstract
1-beta-allyloxycarbonyloxymethyl-5-fluorouracil (4) and 1,3-bis(beta-allyloxycarbonyloxymethyl)-5-fluorouracil (5) were synthesised by reacting 5-fluorouracil with formaldehyde followed by treating the product with isopropenyl chloroformate. The monomers 4 and 5 were copolymerized separately with N-vinylpyrrolidinone to form linear copolymers and cross-linked polymer networks, respectively. The monomer reactivity ratios in the copolymerization of 4 with NVP were evaluated by both linear and non-linear methods and the effect of monomer feed composition on copolymer molecular weight was examined. The degradation of the polymer networks in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) was investigated. The hydrolytic scission of the carbonate groups resulted in release of 5-fluorouracil and a decrease in cross-linking density. The time-dependent fractional release of the 5-FU could be fitted by a power relationship with exponents between 0.10 and 0.25.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuifang Liu
- Department of Chemistry (The Polymer Centre), University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Brook Hill, S3 7HF, Sheffield, UK
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31
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Egron MJ, Dorange BI, Antonakis K, Herscovici J, Ollapally AP. Unsaturated fluoroketonucleosides as anticancer agents: the synthesis and biological activity of 5-fluoro-1-(3,4-di-deoxy-3-fluoro-6-O-trityl-beta-d-glycero-hex-3-eno-pyranos-2- ulosyl) uracil. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2002; 21:327-34. [PMID: 12182346 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-120006828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Direct oxidation of 5-fluoro-1-(4-O-acetyl-3-deoxy-3-fluoro-6-O-trityl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl) uracil 9 led to the title compound 10 after a beta-elimination reaction. The formation of the hydrate of ketone 10 due to the highly electronegative fluorine atom in the a position to the carbonyl group, prompted us to carry out a comparative study of different methods of oxidation and to define the best strategy for the synthesis of such molecules. Results of in vitro and in vivo biological evaluations are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Egron
- Ecole Nationale Supzrieure de Chimie, CNRS-UMR 7001, Paris, France
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32
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Abstract
Although 5-fluorouracil (FU) was first introduced in 1957, it remains an essential part of the treatment of a wide range of solid tumors. FU has antitumor activity against epithelial malignancies arising in the gastrointestinal tract, breast as well as the head and neck, with single-agent response rates of only 10-30%. Although FU is still the most widely prescribed agent for the treatment of colorectal cancer, less than a third of patients achieve objective responses. Recent research has focused on the biomodulation of FU to improve the cytotoxicity and therapeutic effectiveness of this drug in the treatment of advanced disease. As all the anticancer agents, FU leads to several toxicities. The toxicity profile of FU is schedule dependent. Myelotoxicity is the major toxic effect in patients receiving bolus doses. Hand-foot syndrome (palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia), stomatitis, neuro- and cardiotoxicity are associated with continuous infusions. Other adverse effects associated with both bolus-dose and continuous infusion regimens include nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, alopecia and dermatitis. All these reasons explain the need of more effective and less toxic fluoropyrimidines. In the first part of the review, we briefly present the metabolic pathways of FU responsible for the efficacy and toxicity of the drug. This knowledge is also necessary to understand the target(s) of the biomodulation. The second part is devoted to a review of the literature on the various prodrugs of FU, including 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine, capecitabine, BOF-A2, ftorafur, UFT, and S-1. The promising approach of gene directed enzyme-prodrug therapy is also presented. A brief survey of antibody directed enzyme-prodrug therapy and some new FU prodrugs concludes the paper. The pharmacological principles that have influenced the development of these new drugs and our current knowledge of the clinical pharmacology of these new agents, focusing on antitumor activity and toxicity, are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Malet-Martino
- Groupe de RMN Biomédicale, Laboratoire des IMRCP (UMR CNRS 5623), Université Paul Sabatier, 118, route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cédex, France.
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33
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Lee JS, Jung YJ, Kim YM. Synthesis and evaluation of N-acyl-2-(5-fluorouracil-1-yl)-D,L-glycine as a colon-specific prodrug of 5-fluorouracil. J Pharm Sci 2001; 90:1787-94. [PMID: 11745736 DOI: 10.1002/jps.1128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
N-nicotinyl-2-(5-fluorouracil-1-yl)-D,L-glycine (NFG) and N-isonicotinyl-2-(5-fluorouracil-1-yl)-D,L-glycine (INFG) were synthesized as colon-specific prodrugs of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). As N-aromatic acyl amides of glycine, they are expected to be stable in the upper intestine and delivered to the colon as an intact form if they are nonabsorbable. Microbial hydrolysis of amide bond in the colon will give 2-(5-fluorouracil)-D,L-glycine, which releases 5-FU by spontaneous decomposition. NFG and INFG were soluble in water and stable in pH 1.2 and 7.4 buffer solutions. The apparent partition coefficient of NFG or INFG in 1-octanol/pH 7.4 phosphate buffer solution at 37 degrees was 0.025 or 0.024, respectively. On incubation with cecal contents of rats, conversion of NFG or INFG proceeded only 9 or 5% in 8 h, respectively, producing 5-FU and a metabolite. The metabolite formation was inhibited in the presence of diazouracil, a dihydrouracil dehydrogenase inhibitor. The HPLC retention time of the metabolite from the incubation of 5-FU, NFG, or INFG with cecal contents was identical to dihydro-5-fluorouracil (dihydro-5FU). When N-nicotinyl-2-hydroxy-D,L-glycine methyl ester (NHGM) was incubated with the cecal contents, the extent of amide bond hydrolysis was 85% in 24 h. The result suggested that steric hindrance imposed by 5-FU at 2-position of glycine retarded the hydrolysis of the amide bond in NFG or INFG and suppressed the prodrug conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Pusan 609-735, Korea
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34
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Raić-Malić S, Svedruzić D, Gazivoda T, Marunović A, Hergold-Brundić A, Nagl A, Balzarini J, De Clercq E, Mintas M. Synthesis and antitumor activities of novel pyrimidine derivatives of 2,3-O,O-dibenzyl-6-deoxy-L-ascorbic acid and 4,5-didehydro-5,6- dideoxy-L-ascorbic acid. J Med Chem 2000; 43:4806-11. [PMID: 11123990 DOI: 10.1021/jm0009540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The new pyrimidine derivatives of 2,3-O, O-dibenzyl-6-deoxy-L-ascorbic acid (8-10) were synthesized by condensation of uracil and its 5-fluoro- and 5-trifluoromethyl-substituted derivatives with 4-(5,6-epoxypropyl)-2, 3-O,O-dibenzyl-L-ascorbic acid (7), while pyrimidine derivatives of 4,5-didehydro-5,6-dideoxy-L-ascorbic acid (14-17) with free C-2' and C-3' hydroxy groups in the lactone ring were obtained by debenzylation of 11-13 with boron trichloride. Z-Configuration of the C4'=C5' double bond and position of the benzyl group in the lactone ring of 14 were deduced from their (1)H and (13)C NMR spectra and connectivities in COSY, ROESY, and HMBC spectra. The exact stereostructure of 13 was confirmed by its X-ray crystal structure analysis. Of all the compounds in the series, compound 16 containing a 5-fluoro-substituted uracil ring showed the most significant antitumor activities against murine leukemia L1210/0 (IC(50) = 1.4 microg/mL), murine mammary carcinoma FM3A/0 (IC(50) = 0.78 microg/mL), and, to a lesser extent, human T-lymphocyte cells Molt4/C8 (IC(50) = 31.8 microg/mL) and CEM/0 cell lines (IC(50) = 20.9 microg/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Raić-Malić
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Laboratory of General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Zagreb, Croatia.
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35
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Kozai S, Fukagawa T, Maruyama T. A new method for the synthesis of N3-alkylated analogs of 5-fluorouracil. Nucleic Acids Symp Ser 2000:3-4. [PMID: 10780350 DOI: 10.1093/nass/42.1.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is converted to the adducts 1a,b then subjected to Mitsunobu reaction with the secondary alcohols to give the condensates 2a,b. Hydrogenation of 2a,b with Pd/C affords N3-alkyl-5-fluorouracil 3a,b.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kozai
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Japan
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36
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Ollapally AP, Bennouna-Dorange I, Whitaker TL. 5-Fluoro-1-(3,4-dideoxy-3-fluoro-6-0-trityl-beta-D-glycero-hex-3-eno- pyranos-2-ulosyl (uracil): anticancer agent. Nucleosides Nucleotides 1999; 18:703-5. [PMID: 10432668 DOI: 10.1080/15257779908041547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
1,2:5,6-Di-0-isopropylidene glucofuranose on mild oxidation, reduction, fluorination and deisopropylidenation followed by acetylation gave peracetylated 3-deoxy-3-fluoro-alpha-D-glucopyranose. This was coupled with silylated 5 fluorouracil. The nucleoside was deacetylated and after several subsequent protection and deprotection and final oxidation afforded the title compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Ollapally
- Department of Chemistry, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, Tallahassee 32307, USA
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37
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Felczak K, Gołos B, Dzik JM, Rode W, Bretner M, Shugar D, Kulikowski T. Acyclic analogues of 5-fluoro-dUMP and 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine: synthesis and inhibition of thymidylate synthase and tumour cell growth. Acta Biochim Pol 1998; 45:75-82. [PMID: 9701498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
1-[(2-Hydroxyethoxy)methyl]-5-fluorouracil (HEMFU) and 1-[(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxy)methyl]-5-fluorouracil (DHPFU) were prepared by alkylation of the di-O-TMS derivative of 5-fluorouracil and phosphorylated with the use of the wheat shoot phosphotransferase system to their monophosphates, HEMFUMP and DHPFUMP. 1-(2-Phosphonylmethoxyethyl)-5-fluorouracil (PMEFU) was obtained by condensation of diethyl-2-chloroethoxymethanephosphonate with 5-fluorouracil and cleavage of the alkylphosphoester with trimethylbromosilane. Inhibition of highly purified thymidylate synthase from mouse tumour Ehrlich carcinoma and leukemia L1210 cells by each of the nucleotide analogues, DHPFUMP, PMEFU and HEMFUMP, and of L5178Y mouse leukemia cell growth by the nucleoside (HEMFU) analogue, were studied. DHPFUMP proved to be the strongest inhibitor, non-competitive vs dUMP, with K(i)app 2.8 microM for time-independent interaction with the enzyme and N5,N10-methylenetetrahydrofolate (CH2H4PteGlu). In the presence of CH2H4PteGlu, DHPFUMP exhibited time-dependent inactivation of the enzyme, the inactivation rate plots being biphasic and pointing to Ki values in the microM range (10(3)-fold higher than for 5-fluoro-dUMP). HEMFUMP and PMEFU were much weaker inhibitors of the enzyme, with K(i)app values of 0.26 mM (non-competitive vs dUMP) and 30 mM (non-competitive vs dUMP), respectively. HEMFU, despite the weak interaction of its nucleotide analogue with the enzyme, proved to be a strong cell (L5178Y) growth inhibitor, with IC50 in the range 10(-5) M.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Felczak
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw
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38
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Zhuk R. Structure-activity relationship in Ftorafur (Tegafur) and related 5-FU prodrugs. Adv Exp Med Biol 1998; 431:677-80. [PMID: 9598151 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-5381-6_131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R Zhuk
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
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39
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Kajimoto N, Yamaizumi J, Aida M, Harada K, Maeda M. Synthesis of novel dioxane nucleosides having two bases, physico-chemical properties, and their biological activities. Nucleic Acids Symp Ser 1998:5-6. [PMID: 9585971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Novel dioxane nucleosides having two bases, 2(R)-(5-fluorouracil-1-yl)-5(R)-hydroxymethyl-3(R)-(uracil-1-yl)-1,4-dioxane (7a) and 2(S)-(5-fluorouracil-1-yl)-5(R)-hydroxymethyl-3(R)-(uracil-1-yl)-1,4-dioxane (7b) were synthesized from uridine to develop a new category of nucleoside for therapeutic use. Some derivative of precursors of the nucleoside were also synthesized and several compounds synthesized were tested antitumor activity using human gastric cancer cell lines in culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kajimoto
- National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
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40
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Mao M, Chen Y, Tian X. [Synthesis and antitumor activity of new heterocyclic 5-fluorouracil derivatives]. Yao Xue Xue Bao 1998; 33:389-91. [PMID: 12017008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Two new compounds I and II of 5-FU derivatives have been synthesized. The structures of the new compounds were confirmed by 1HNMR, MS, IR, UV and elemental analysis. The antitumor activities of compound I was tested against KB, HCT-8 and A2780. The preliminary results showed that the activity of compound I was stronger than that of HCFU and 5-FU.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mao
- Lanzhou Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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41
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Taylor HE, Sloan KB. 1-Alkylcarbonyloxymethyl prodrugs of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU): synthesis, physicochemical properties, and topical delivery of 5-FU. J Pharm Sci 1998; 87:15-20. [PMID: 9452962 DOI: 10.1021/js9702574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
1-Alkylcarbonyloxymethyl (1-ACOM) prodrugs of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) have been synthesized and characterized by their solubilities in isopropyl myristate (SIPM) and pH 4.0 buffer (SH2O), by their partition coefficients between isopropyl myristate (IPM) and pH 4.0 buffer (K) and by their abilities to deliver total 5-FU species into (Cs) and through (Ji) hairless mouse skin from an IPM vehicle. All of the prodrugs were much more lipophilic (SIPM) than 5-FU (> 60 times), and two members of the series (alkyl = C1 and C2, acetyl- and propionyloxymethyl) were also more soluble in water than 5-FU. The two more water-soluble members gave larger Ji values than the other members of the series, with C2 exhibiting the best biphasic solubility and the largest Ji value (16 times that of 5-FU). The ability of the 1-ACOM-5-FU prodrugs to deliver total 5-FU species into skin (Cs) was greater than the delivery of 5-FU by 5-FU, except for the last two members of series (alkyl = C7 and C9, octanoyl- and decanoyl-oxymethyl). However, the ratios of normalized Cs to Ji for the series was less than that exhibited by 5-FU, except for C7 and C9. Also, except for C9, significant amounts of intact prodrug as percentages of total 5-FU species were found in the receptor phases during the course of the diffusion cell experiments, ranging from 55% for C1 to 12% for C7.
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Affiliation(s)
- H E Taylor
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610, USA
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42
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Ozaki S, Kong X, Watanabe Y, Hoshiko T, Koga T, Ogasawara T, Takizawa T, Fujisawa H, Iigo M, Hoshi A. 5-Fluorouracil derivatives. XXII. Synthesis and antitumor activities of 1-carbamoyl-5-fluorouracils. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 1997; 45:1372-5. [PMID: 9301037 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.45.1372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Fifty-four 1-carbamoyl-5-fluorouracils were synthesized from 5-fluorouracil and isocyanate or amine. Antitumor activity was tested in the L-1210 tumor system, and 11 compounds gave better values of therapeutic ratio than HCFU (1-hexylcarbamoyl-5-fluorouracil). 1-(4-Methoxycyclohexylcarbamoyl)-5-fluorouracil gave the best result.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ozaki
- Department of Chemistry, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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43
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ozaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
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44
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Chikhale PJ, Marvanyos E, Bodor NS. Improved delivery through biological membranes. LXI: Design, synthesis, and evaluation of a lipolol-based intradermal drug targeting system for 5-fluorouracil. Cancer Biother 1994; 9:245-52. [PMID: 7820186 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.1994.9.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This report describes initial studies with the lipolyl ester of 1-carboxypropylcarbamoyl-FU (LE-CPCFU) which was designed to enhance the dermal delivery of the antitumor agent 5-fluorouracil (FU). The design of LE-CPCFU was based upon our previous observation that sulfur-based chemical drug targeting systems were localized within the skin and improved the delivery of the parent drug to the dermal tissue (Chikhale et al., 1993; Bodor et al., 1982; Bodor and Sloan, 1982). In the in vitro test system that used freshly-excised guinea-pig skin, LE-CPCFU was found to enhance FU delivery to the skin 2- to 5-fold compared to underivatized FU. Neither LE-CPCFU nor its acid metabolite 1-carboxypropylcarbamoyl-FU (CPCFU) could be detected in the skin or receiver during the diffusion experiments even though LE-CPCFU and CPCFU were found to be reasonably stable in aqueous pH 7.4 buffer and during the analytical procedure. FU which was released from LE-CPCFU in the skin subsequently diffused into the receiver. Thus, LE-CPCFU was observed to improve FU delivery to the skin during the initial time period of the study (0-4 hr). This study indicates that LE-CPCFU in the guinea-pig skin was hydrolyzed to form FU in the skin serving as an intradermal drug delivery system for the antitumor agent. Thus, LE-CPCFU could prove to reduce the systemic toxicity of FU by enhancing the local skin concentration and minimizing the systemic concentration of the antitumor agent as compared to underivatized FU.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Chikhale
- Center for Drug Discovery, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610-0497
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45
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Ohya Y, Inosaka K, Ouchi T. Synthesis and antitumor activity of 6-O-carboxymethyl chitin fixing 5-fluorouracils through pentamethylene, monomethylene spacer groups via amide, ester bonds. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 1992; 40:559-61. [PMID: 1606657 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.40.559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In order to provide the water-soluble and biodegradable macromolecular prodrug of 5-fluorouracil (5FU), the fixation of 5FUs to 6-O-carboxymethyl chitin(CM-chitin) through pentamethylene, monomethylene spacer groups via amide, ester bonds was carried out. The obtained CM-chitin/5FU conjugate showed the slow release of 5FU and exhibited remarkable antitumor activity against P388 lymphocytic leukemia in mice by intraperitoneal(i.p.) implantation/i.p. injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ohya
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kansai University, Osaka, Japan
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46
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Ozaki S, Akiyama T, Morita T, Kumegawa M, Nagase T, Uehara N, Hoshi A. 5-Fluorouracil derivatives. XX. Synthesis and antitumor activity of 5'-O-unsaturated acyl-5-fluorouridines. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 1990; 38:3164-6. [PMID: 2085902 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.38.3164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Various kinds of 5'-O-unsaturated acyl 5-fluorouridines were synthesized to obtain 5-fluorouridine derivatives with low toxicity and high antitumor activity. Antitumor activity of the compounds against L-1210 leukemia in mice was examined, and the 5'-O-4-pentenoyl derivative showed the highest antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ozaki
- Department of Resources Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
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47
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McElhinney RS, McCormick JE, Bibby MC, Double JA, Atassi G, Dumont P, Pratesi G, Radacic M. Nucleoside analogues: 8. Some isomers of B.3839, the original 5-fluorouracil/nitrosourea molecular combination, and their effect on colon, breast and lung tumours in mice. Anticancer Drug Des 1989; 4:1-20. [PMID: 2757750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
This study describes the manipulation of secondary products arising from the synthesis of the prototypical molecular combination of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and chloroethylnitrosourea (CNU), B.3839, in order to investigate the effects produced by connecting the C-S-C-C-CNU chain to the 5-FU ring in different ways. The isolation of phthalimide precursors of these compounds and the transformation into CNUs is described. Anti-tumour activity of these molecular combinations against a series of experimental murine colon, lung and mammary tumours is presented. The spectrum of anti-tumour activity displayed is interesting but defies simple explanation without further detailed in vivo pharmacokinetic and metabolism studies in order to define optimal profiles for activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S McElhinney
- Laboratories of the Medical Research Council of Ireland, Trinity College, Dublin
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48
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Visser GW, Gorree GC, Braakhuis BJ, Herscheid JD. An optimized synthesis of 18F-labelled 5-fluorouracil and a reevaluation of its use as a prognostic agent. Eur J Nucl Med 1989; 15:225-9. [PMID: 2759123 DOI: 10.1007/bf00257538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
An optimized synthesis of 18F-labelled 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is described. The biodynamics of this radiopharmaceutical were studied in nude mice bearing a 5-FU sensitive (colon 38 carcinoma) or a 5-FU resistant (R1-rhabdomyosarcoma) tumour. It was found that not the initial tumour uptake, but the efflux of the 18F activity from the tumour was correlated with the 5-FU sensitivity of the tumour.
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Affiliation(s)
- G W Visser
- Radio-Nuclide-Centre, Free University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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49
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Ahmad S, Ozaki S, Nagase T, Iigo M, Tokuzen R, Hoshi A. A facile method for synthesis of N-acyloxymethyl-5-fluorouracils, as a class of antitumor agents. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 1987; 35:4137-43. [PMID: 3435940 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.35.4137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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50
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Ozaki S, Nagase T, Tamai H, Mori H, Hoshi A, Iigo M. 5-Fluorouracil derivatives. XII. Synthesis and antitumor activity of alpha-alkylthiomethyl-, alpha-alkylsulfinylmethyl-, alpha-alkylsulfonylmethyl-, and alpha-acylthiomethyl-5-fluorouracils. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 1987; 35:3894-7. [PMID: 3435984 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.35.3894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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