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Kieliszek M, Bano I, Zare H. A Comprehensive Review on Selenium and Its Effects on Human Health and Distribution in Middle Eastern Countries. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:971-987. [PMID: 33884538 PMCID: PMC8761138 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02716-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an important microelement with numerous positive effects on human health and diseases. It is important to specify that the status and consumption of Se are for a specific community as the levels of Se are extremely unpredictable between different populations and regions. Our existing paper was based on the impacts of Se on human health and disease along with data on the Se levels in Middle Eastern countries. Overall, the findings of this comprehensive review show that the consumption and levels of Se are inadequate in Middle Eastern nations. Such findings, together with the growing awareness of the importance of Se to general health, require further work primarily on creating an acceptable range of blood Se concentration or other measures to determine optimal Se consumption and, consequently, to guarantee adequate Se supplementation in populations at high risk of low Se intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Kieliszek
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iqra Bano
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences Sakrand, Sindh, 67210 Pakistan
| | - Hamed Zare
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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Aziz AA, Nordin FNM, Zakaria Z, Abu Bakar NK. A systematic literature review on the current detection tools for authentication analysis of cosmetic ingredients. J Cosmet Dermatol 2021; 21:71-84. [PMID: 34658114 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of cosmetic products is considered a necessity for beautification in our daily lives. Cosmetic products composed of natural oils or fats as a main ingredient for various beneficial properties. Fats and oils are composed of various type of fatty acids with different compositions. Hence, fatty acids profile can be an effective chemical fingerprint for authentication analysis of cosmetic products. OBJECTIVE This systematic review aims to enlighten the current detection tools developing for fatty acids profile authentication analyses of cosmetic ingredients based on the effectiveness, halal status, safety, advantages and disadvantages of the methods. METHODOLOGY The data were extracted from the scientific literatures published between October 2015 and 2020 in the Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar databases, and analyzed with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). FINDINGS Based on the systemic literature reviews, essential oil, argan oil, mineral oil, vegetable oil, and jojoba oil were among the mostly studied ingredients in cosmetics. Furthermore, a combination of more than one analytical instrument was utilized to profile fatty acids while the determination of the origin of the fatty acids is under scrutiny. The portable mass spectrometer combined with a direct inlet membrane (DIM) probe seems to be the best tool in terms of time consumption, cost, requires no sample preparation with high efficiency. The current review showed that the best cosmetic base is when the oil is composed of high concentration of fatty acids such as linoleic, oleic, stearic acid, and palmitic acids with concentration range from 19.7 - 46.30%, which offers various beneficial properties to cosmetic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atiqah Ab Aziz
- Universiti Malaya Halal Research Centre (UMHRC), HIR Building, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Fatin Nur Majdina Nordin
- Department of Science and Technology Studies, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zalina Zakaria
- Universiti Malaya Halal Research Centre (UMHRC), HIR Building, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nor Kartini Abu Bakar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Krasznai DJ, Champagne Hartley R, Roy HM, Champagne P, Cunningham MF. Compositional analysis of lignocellulosic biomass: conventional methodologies and future outlook. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2017; 38:199-217. [PMID: 28595468 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2017.1331336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The composition and structural properties of lignocellulosic biomass have significant effects on its downstream conversion to fuels, biomaterials, and building-block chemicals. Specifically, the recalcitrance to modification and compositional variability of lignocellulose make it challenging to optimize and control the conditions under which the conversion takes place. Various characterization protocols have been developed over the past 150 years to elucidate the structural properties and compositional patterns that affect the processing of lignocellulose. Early characterization techniques were developed to estimate the relative digestibility and nutritional value of plant material after ingestion by ruminants and humans alike (e.g. dietary fiber). Over the years, these empirical techniques have evolved into statistical approaches that give a broader and more informative analysis of lignocellulose for conversion processes, to the point where an entire compositional and structural analysis of lignocellulosic biomass can be completed in minutes, rather than weeks. The use of modern spectroscopy and chemometric techniques has shown promise as a rapid and cost effective alternative to traditional empirical techniques. This review serves as an overview of the compositional analysis techniques that have been developed for lignocellulosic biomass in an effort to highlight the motivation and migration towards rapid, accurate, and cost-effective data-driven chemometric methods. These rapid analysis techniques can potentially be used to optimize future biorefinery unit operations, where large quantities of lignocellulose are continually processed into products of high value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Krasznai
- a Department of Chemical Engineering , Queen's University , Kingston , Ontario , Canada
| | | | - Hannah M Roy
- b Department of Civil Engineering & Department of Chemical Engineering , Queen's University , Kingston , Ontario , Canada
| | - Pascale Champagne
- a Department of Chemical Engineering , Queen's University , Kingston , Ontario , Canada
| | - Michael F Cunningham
- a Department of Chemical Engineering , Queen's University , Kingston , Ontario , Canada
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Sebben JA, Trierweiler LF, Trierweiler JO. Orange-Fleshed Sweet Potato Flour Obtained by Drying in Microwave and Hot Air. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.12744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juliano Antônio Sebben
- Engenharia Química (Chemical Engineering); Group of Intensification, Modeling, Simulation, Control, and Optimization of Processes (GIMSCOP), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS); Porto Alegre/RS. CEP: 90040-040 Brazil
| | - Luciane Ferreira Trierweiler
- Engenharia Química (Chemical Engineering); Group of Intensification, Modeling, Simulation, Control, and Optimization of Processes (GIMSCOP), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS); Porto Alegre/RS. CEP: 90040-040 Brazil
| | - Jorge Otávio Trierweiler
- Engenharia Química (Chemical Engineering); Group of Intensification, Modeling, Simulation, Control, and Optimization of Processes (GIMSCOP), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS); Porto Alegre/RS. CEP: 90040-040 Brazil
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5
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Sumczynski D, Bubelová Z, Fišera M. Determination of chemical, insoluble dietary fibre, neutral-detergent fibre and in vitro digestibility in rice types commercialized in Czech markets. J Food Compost Anal 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2014.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Slavov G, Allison G, Bosch M. Advances in the genetic dissection of plant cell walls: tools and resources available in Miscanthus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:217. [PMID: 23847628 PMCID: PMC3701120 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Tropical C4 grasses from the genus Miscanthus are believed to have great potential as biomass crops. However, Miscanthus species are essentially undomesticated, and genetic, molecular and bioinformatics tools are in very early stages of development. Furthermore, similar to other crops targeted as lignocellulosic feedstocks, the efficient utilization of biomass is hampered by our limited knowledge of the structural organization of the plant cell wall and the underlying genetic components that control this organization. The Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS) has assembled an extensive collection of germplasm for several species of Miscanthus. In addition, an integrated, multidisciplinary research programme at IBERS aims to inform accelerated breeding for biomass productivity and composition, while also generating fundamental knowledge. Here we review recent advances with respect to the genetic characterization of the cell wall in Miscanthus. First, we present a summary of recent and on-going biochemical studies, including prospects and limitations for the development of powerful phenotyping approaches. Second, we review current knowledge about genetic variation for cell wall characteristics of Miscanthus and illustrate how phenotypic data, combined with high-density arrays of single-nucleotide polymorphisms, are being used in genome-wide association studies to generate testable hypotheses and guide biological discovery. Finally, we provide an overview of the current knowledge about the molecular biology of cell wall biosynthesis in Miscanthus and closely related grasses, discuss the key conceptual and technological bottlenecks, and outline the short-term prospects for progress in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gancho Slavov
- *Correspondence: Gancho Slavov, Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, Wales SY23 3EB, UK e-mail:
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An evaluation of the Gompertz model in degradability studies of forage chemical components. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1017/s1357729800016027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe in situ dry matter (DM) and neutral-detergent fibre (NDF) degradability kinetics of eight forages (four grass hays and four legume hays, harvested at two different dates) were compared to assess the fitting ability of a first-order and a Gompertz model.The Gompertz model fitted DM degradability data as well as the first-order model and differences between fitted and observed data for the two models were very small but the Gompertz model proved to be statistically superior for the NDF degradability data, especially for the early hours of incubation.A numerical but not significant difference was observed in the estimated rapidly available fraction for DM and NDF, which zvas respectively lower (mean values 24·4 v. 27·8%) and higher (mean values 5·8 v. 1·8%) with the first-order model. More pronounced differences were observed for the estimates of total potential degradability of NDF, which were often significantly lower with the Gompertz model (average values for the eight forages 75·1 v. 72·3%;.The sigmoidal shape of the Gompertz model was more biologically appropriate to describe the initial phases of NDF degradation and was thus applied to the cellulose and hemicellulose degradability data.As the harvesting date progressed through the season, a decrease of the immediately available fraction of DM and nitrogen was generally observed but the effect of harvesting date was not so evident for fibre fractions; the differences within forages were very low. Correlation coefficients between lignin content and total potential degradability of fibre were always high (for NDF, r = −0·96; for hemicellulose r = −0·95; for cellulose r = −0·79; P < 0·001), while the acid-detergent fibre content influenced DM and nitrogen total potential degradability (r = −0·91 and −0·82, respectively).
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Designing Biomass Crops with Improved Calorific Content and Attributes for Burning: a UK Perspective. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-13440-1_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
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Fornes F, Carrión C, García-de-la-Fuente R, Puchades R, Abad M. Leaching composted lignocellulosic wastes to prepare container media: feasibility and environmental concerns. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2010; 91:1747-1755. [PMID: 20456858 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2009] [Revised: 03/12/2010] [Accepted: 03/26/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The leaching of salt and mineral elements from three composts prepared with residual vegetable crop biomass (melon, pepper or zucchini) was studied using methacrylate columns and distilled water. The benefits of the leached composts to be used for ornamental potted plant production were also analysed. After leaching 5 container capacities of effluent, both the electrical conductivity and the concentration of soluble mineral elements in compost leachates decreased substantially and remained close to the target levels. Composts reacted differently to leaching due to differences in the raw waste sources and the composting process and hence, in their physical and chemical characteristics. At the end of the experiment, after pouring 8 container capacities of water, the leaching efficiency of the salts was 96%, 93% and 87% for melon, pepper and zucchini-based composts, respectively. Mineral elements differed in their ability to be removed from the composts; N (NH(4)(+) and NO(3)(-)), K(+), Na(+), Cl(-), and SO(4)(2-) were leached readily, whereas H(2)PO(4)(-), Ca(2+), and Mg(2+) were removed hardly. Leached composts showed a range of physico-chemical and chemical characteristics suitable for use as growing media constituents. Potted Calendula and Calceolaria plants grew in the substrates prepared with the leached composts better than in those made with the non-leached ones. Finally, special emphasis must be paid to the management of the effluents produced under commercial conditions to avoid environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Fornes
- Instituto Agroforestal Mediterráneo, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, PO Box 22012, E 46071 Valencia, Spain.
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Castro G, Rodriguez N, Gonçalves L, Maurício R. Características produtivas, agronômicas e nutricionais do capim-tanzânia em cinco diferentes idades ao corte. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2010. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-09352010000300022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Avaliou-se o capim-tanzânia (Panicum maximum cv Tanzânia) cortado aos 42, 63, 84, 107 e 126 dias quanto à produtividade, às características agronômicas, à composição bromatológica e à digestibilidade in vitro. Observou-se aumento na altura da planta do capim-tanzânia até os 84 dias, com aumento da produção de massa verde de forragem e aumento na produção de matéria seca com o avançar da idade ao corte. O aumento da idade ao corte resultou em diminuição do percentual de folhas e em aumento no percentual de hastes. Na composição bromatológica, observaram-se diminuição do teor de proteína bruta e aumento das frações fibrosas, com aumento do nitrogênio retido nessa última com o avançar da idade. Os resultados obtidos refletiram-se na cinética de fermentação ruminal, descrita pela técnica in vitro semiautomática de produção de gases, demonstrando menor potencial de produção de gases, menor taxa fraccional de fermentação e, consequentemente, menor degradabilidade efetiva da matéria seca. Recomenda-se o corte do capim-tanzânia no intervalo de 42 a 63 dias de crescimento.
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Schädel C, Blöchl A, Richter A, Hoch G. Quantification and monosaccharide composition of hemicelluloses from different plant functional types. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2010; 48:1-8. [PMID: 19926487 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2009.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Hemicelluloses are the second most abundant polysaccharide in nature after cellulose. So far, the chemical heterogeneity of cell-wall hemicelluloses and the relatively large sample-volume required in existing methods represent major obstacles for large-scale, cross-species analyses of this important plant compound. Here, we apply a new micro-extraction method to analyse hemicelluloses and the ratio of 'cellulose and lignin' to hemicelluloses in different tissues of 28 plant species comprising four plant functional types (broad-leaved trees, conifers, grasses and herbs). For this study, the fiber analysis after Van Soest was modified to enable the simultaneous quantitative and qualitative measurements of hemicelluloses in small sample volumes. Total hemicellulose concentrations differed markedly among functional types and tissues with highest concentration in sapwood of broad-leaved trees (31% d.m. in Fraxinus excelsior) and lowest concentration between 10 and 15% d.m. in leaves and bark of woody species as well as in roots of herbs. As for total hemicellulose concentrations, plant functional types and tissues exhibited characteristic ratios between the sum of cellulose plus lignin and hemicelluloses, with very high ratios (>4) in bark of trees and low ratios (<2) in all investigated leaves. Additional HPLC analyses of hydrolysed hemicelluloses showed xylose to be the dominant hemicellulose monosaccharide in tissues of broad-leaved trees, grasses and herbs while coniferous species showed higher amounts of arabinose, galactose and mannose. Overall, the micro-extraction method permitted for the simultaneous determination of hemicelluloses of various tissues and plant functional types which exhibited characteristic hemicellulose concentrations and monosaccharide patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Schädel
- Institute of Botany, University of Basel, Switzerland, Schönbeinstrasse 6, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.
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Allison GG, Thain SC, Morris P, Morris C, Hawkins S, Hauck B, Barraclough T, Yates N, Shield I, Bridgwater AV, Donnison IS. Quantification of hydroxycinnamic acids and lignin in perennial forage and energy grasses by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and partial least squares regression. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2009; 100:1252-61. [PMID: 18796351 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2008] [Revised: 07/23/2008] [Accepted: 07/24/2008] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Levels of lignin and hydroxycinnamic acid wall components in three genera of forage grasses (Lolium,Festuca and Dactylis) have been accurately predicted by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy using partial least squares models correlated to analytical measurements. Different models were derived that predicted the concentrations of acid detergent lignin, total hydroxycinnamic acids, total ferulate monomers plus dimers, p-coumarate and ferulate dimers in independent spectral test data from methanol extracted samples of perennial forage grass with accuracies of 92.8%, 86.5%, 86.1%, 59.7% and 84.7% respectively, and analysis of model projection scores showed that the models relied generally on spectral features that are known absorptions of these compounds. Acid detergent lignin was predicted in samples of two species of energy grass, (Phalaris arundinacea and Pancium virgatum) with an accuracy of 84.5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon G Allison
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, UK.
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Ferreira W, Herrera A, Scapinello C, Fontes D, Machado L, Ferreira S. Digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes de dietas simplificadas baseadas em forragens para coelhos em crescimento. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2007. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-09352007000200027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Avaliaram-se os efeitos de dietas simplificadas à base de forragens sobre a digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes em coelhos Nova Zelândia branco. As dietas experimentais foram: referência (REF), feno de alfafa (FAL), feno das folhas de rami (FRA), feno das folhas de amoreira (FAM) e feno do terço superior da rama da mandioca (FMA). A digestibilidade das dietas foi influenciada pelo tipo de alimento estudado; a FMA apresentou coeficientes de digestibilidade inferiores às demais dietas para todos os princípios nutritivos analisados. Para a dieta FAM, os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente dos princípios nutritivos foram maiores (P<0,05) que os coeficientes das outras dietas estudadas. Os animais que ingeriram a dieta FAM apresentaram distúrbios digestivos e baixos consumos, com efeito negativo sobre os resultados. Os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente das demais dietas estudadas foram semelhantes (P>0,05). Os valores estimados de energia digestível (kcal ED/kg MS) e proteína digestível (%PD/MS) foram, respectivamente, para o feno de alfafa: 2285,27 e 16,04; feno das folhas de rami: 1857,88 e 16,37; feno das folhas de amoreira: 2838,48 e 15,12 e feno do terço superior da mandioca: 2155,55 e 10,57.
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Biagini E, Barontini F, Tognotti L. Devolatilization of Biomass Fuels and Biomass Components Studied by TG/FTIR Technique. Ind Eng Chem Res 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/ie0514049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Biagini
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, Chimica Industriale e Scienza dei Materiali, Università di Pisa, via Diotisalvi 2, 56125 Pisa, Italy
| | - Federica Barontini
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, Chimica Industriale e Scienza dei Materiali, Università di Pisa, via Diotisalvi 2, 56125 Pisa, Italy
| | - Leonardo Tognotti
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, Chimica Industriale e Scienza dei Materiali, Università di Pisa, via Diotisalvi 2, 56125 Pisa, Italy
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Abstract
Objectives of this review are to define criteria for evaluating insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) methods, discuss their relevance in meeting the nutritional needs of ruminants and herbivores, describe problems with empirical IDF methods, and assess their relative merits. The challenge for the researcher, nutritionist, and analyst is to select fiber methods that are relevant and reproducible. Without relevance, there is no reason to measure IDF, and without reproducibility, there is no value in doing so. Insoluble dietary fiber is a complex matrix of chemical components, and there are no primary standards that can be used to establish the validity of methods. Thus, the definition of fiber is crucial in determining method relevance. For ruminants and nonruminant herbivores, the appropriate physiological definition for selecting IDF methods may be as follows: the organic fraction of the diet that is indigestible or slowly digesting and occupies space in the gastrointestinal tract. Crude fiber does not match this definition, and its use should be abandoned. Acid detergent fiber does not measure all IDF but is useful when included with other dietary fiber methods to describe some feeds. Several current methods, including amylase-treated neutral detergent fiber (aNDF) and enzymatic-gravimetric methods, are relevant for measuring IDF. In a collaborative study, aNDF obtained a standard deviation of reproducibility (SD(R)) of 1.3%. Enzymatic-gravimetric methods of measuring IDF have been evaluated using too few feed materials to make statistically valid conclusions, but the SD(R)f IDF, for the few feeds evaluated, were similar to aNDF (0.9 to 2.4%). The enzymatic-chemical method of measuring IDF as the sum of insoluble nonstarch polysaccharides and lignin agrees with NDF, but the SDR of neutral sugar analysis using acid hydrolysis and chromatography is greater (3.2%) than other dietary fiber methods. Empirical methods--such as those used to measure IDF, although based on nutritional concepts--actually define the fraction being measured and must be followed exactly, without modification. The selection of a suitable method for IDF depends on the purpose of analysis. Analysis of sugars in insoluble polysaccharides provides more information but is less reproducible and more expensive to obtain. For routine nutritive evaluation of feeds and formulation of rations, aNDF seems to be a reasonable choice for measuring IDF based on relevance and reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Mertens
- USDA, ARS, U.S. Dairy Forage Research Center, Madison, WI 53706-1108, USA.
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Fibres in rabbit feeding for digestive troubles prevention: respective role of low-digested and digestible fibre. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-6226(02)00301-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Shen HS, Sundstøl F, Eng ER, Eik LO. Studies on untreated and urea-treated rice straw from three cultivation seasons: 3. Histological investigations by light and scanning electron microscopy. Anim Feed Sci Technol 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0377-8401(99)00045-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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An alternative oven method combined with different detergent strengths in the analysis of neutral detergent fibre. Anim Feed Sci Technol 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0377-8401(98)00187-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Makkar H, Blümmel M, Becker K. In vitro rumen apparent and true digestibilities of tannin-rich forages. Anim Feed Sci Technol 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0377-8401(96)01146-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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