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Kashyap I, Deb R, Battineni A, Nagotu S. Acyl CoA oxidase: from its expression, structure, folding, and import to its role in human health and disease. Mol Genet Genomics 2023; 298:1247-1260. [PMID: 37555868 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-023-02059-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
β-oxidation of fatty acids is an important metabolic pathway and is a shared function between mitochondria and peroxisomes in mammalian cells. On the other hand, peroxisomes are the sole site for the degradation of fatty acids in yeast. The first reaction of this pathway is catalyzed by the enzyme acyl CoA oxidase housed in the matrix of peroxisomes. Studies in various model organisms have reported the conserved function of the protein in fatty acid oxidation. The importance of this enzyme is highlighted by the lethal conditions caused in humans due to its altered function. In this review, we discuss various aspects ranging from gene expression, structure, folding, and import of the protein in both yeast and human cells. Further, we highlight recent findings on the role of the protein in human health and aging, and discuss the identified mutations in the protein associated with debilitating conditions in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isha Kashyap
- Organelle Biology and Cellular Ageing Lab, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Rachayeeta Deb
- Organelle Biology and Cellular Ageing Lab, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Abhigna Battineni
- Organelle Biology and Cellular Ageing Lab, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Shirisha Nagotu
- Organelle Biology and Cellular Ageing Lab, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India.
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Chang J, Rachubinski RA. Pex20p functions as the receptor for non‐PTS1/non‐PTS2 acyl‐CoA oxidase import into peroxisomes of the yeast
Yarrowia lipolytica. Traffic 2019; 20:504-515. [DOI: 10.1111/tra.12652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinlan Chang
- Department of Cell BiologyUniversity of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
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Wang H, Le Dall MT, Waché Y, Laroche C, Belin JM, Nicaud JM. Cloning, sequencing, and characterization of five genes coding for acyl-CoA oxidase isozymes in the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. Cell Biochem Biophys 1999; 31:165-74. [PMID: 10593257 DOI: 10.1007/bf02738170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The Acyl-CoA oxidase (AOX) isozymes catalyze the first steps of peroxisomal beta-oxidation, which is important for the degradation of fatty acids. Using conserved blocks in previously identified yeast POX genes encoding AOXs, the authors have shown that five POX genes are present in the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. These genes show approx 63% identity among themselves, and 42% identity with the POX genes from other yeasts. Mono-disrupted Y. lipolytica strains were constructed using a variation of the sticky-end polymerase chain reaction method. AOX activity in the mono-disrupted strains revealed that a long-chain oxidase is encoded by the POX2 gene and a short-chain oxidase by the POX3 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Wang
- Laboratoire de Génétique des Microorganismes, INRA-CNRS, Centre de Biotechnologie Agro Industriel, INA-PG, Thiverval Grignon, France
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Wang HJ, Le Dall MT, Wach Y, Laroche C, Belin JM, Gaillardin C, Nicaud JM. Evaluation of acyl coenzyme A oxidase (Aox) isozyme function in the n-alkane-assimilating yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. J Bacteriol 1999; 181:5140-8. [PMID: 10464181 PMCID: PMC94016 DOI: 10.1128/jb.181.17.5140-5148.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We have identified five acyl coenzyme A (CoA) oxidase isozymes (Aox1 through Aox5) in the n-alkane-assimilating yeast Yarrowia lipolytica, encoded by the POX1 through POX5 genes. The physiological function of these oxidases has been investigated by gene disruption. Single, double, triple, and quadruple disruptants were constructed. Global Aox activity was determined as a function of time after induction and of substrate chain length. Single null mutations did not affect growth but affected the chain length preference of acyl-CoA oxidase activity, as evidenced by a chain length specificity for Aox2 and Aox3. Aox2 was shown to be a long-chain acyl-CoA oxidase and Aox3 was found to be active against short-chain fatty acids, whereas Aox5 was active against molecules of all chain lengths. Mutations in Aox4 and Aox5 resulted in an increase in total Aox activity. The growth of mutant strains was analyzed. In the presence of POX1 only, strains did not grow on fatty acids, whereas POX4 alone elicited partial growth, and the growth of the double POX2-POX3-deleted mutant was normal excepted on plates containing oleic acid as the carbon source. The amounts of Aox protein detected by Western blotting paralleled the Aox activity levels, demonstrating the regulation of Aox in cells according to the POX genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Wang
- Laboratoire de Génétique des Microorganismes, INRA-CNRS, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France
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Wang H, Le Clainche A, Le Dall MT, Wache Y, Pagot Y, Belin JM, Gaillardin C, Nicaud JM. Cloning and characterization of the peroxisomal acyl CoA oxidase ACO3 gene from the alkane-utilizing yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. Yeast 1998; 14:1373-86. [PMID: 9848229 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0061(199811)14:15<1373::aid-yea332>3.0.co;2-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The ACO3 gene, which encodes one of the acyl-CoA oxidase isoenzymes, was isolated from the alkane-utilizing yeast Yarrowia lipolytica as a 10 kb genomic fragment. It was sequenced and found to encode a 701-amino acid protein very similar to other ACOs, 67.5% identical to Y. lipolytica Aco1p and about 40% identical to S. cerevisiae Pox1p. Haploid strains with a disrupted allele were able to grow on fatty acids. The levels of acyl-CoA oxidase activity in the ACO3 deleted strain, in an ACO1 deleted strain and in the wild-type strain, suggested that ACO3 encodes a short chain acyl-CoA oxidase isoenzyme. This narrow substrate spectrum was confirmed by expression of Aco3p in E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Wang
- Laboratoire de Génétique des Microorganismes, CNRS ERS567, INRA Centre de Grignon, Thiverval Grignon, France
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Vanhooren JC, Fransen M, de Béthune B, Baumgart E, Baes M, Torrekens S, Van Leuven F, Mannaerts GP, Van Veldhoven PP. Rat pristanoyl-CoA oxidase. cDNA cloning and recognition of its C-terminal (SQL) by the peroxisomal-targeting signal 1 receptor. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1996; 239:302-9. [PMID: 8706733 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1996.0302u.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The composite pristanoyl-CoA oxidase cDNA sequence, derived from two overlapping clones from a rat liver cDNA library and a 5'-RACE (rapid amplification of cDNA ends) PCR fragment, consisted of 2600 bases and contained an open reading frame of 2100 bases, encoding a protein of 700 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 78445 Da. This value is somewhat larger than the reported molecular mass of 70 kDa as determined earlier by SDS-gel electrophoresis. The amino acid identity with rat palmitoyl-CoA oxidase was rather low (28%) and barely higher than that with the yeast acyl-CoA oxidases (20%), suggesting that the palmitoyl-CoA oxidase/pristanoyl-CoA oxidase duplication occurred early in evolution. The carboxy-terminal tripeptide of pristanoyl-CoA oxidase was SQL. In vitro studies with the bacterially expressed human peroxisomal-targeting signal-1 import receptor indicated that SQL functions as a peroxisome-targeting signal. Northern analysis of tissues from control and clofibrate treated rats demonstrated that the pristanoyl-CoA oxidase gene is transcribed in liver and extrahepatic tissues and that transcription is not enhanced by treatment of rats with peroxisome proliferators. No mRNA could be detected by northern analysis of human tissues, suggesting that the human pristanoyl-CoA oxidase gene, if present, is only poorly or not transcribed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Vanhooren
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Faculteit Geneeskunde, Afdeling Farmakologie, Belgium
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7
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Endrizzi A, Pagot Y, Le Clainche A, Nicaud JM, Belin JM. Production of lactones and peroxisomal beta-oxidation in yeasts. Crit Rev Biotechnol 1996; 16:301-29. [PMID: 8989867 DOI: 10.3109/07388559609147424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Among aroma compounds interesting for the food industry, lactones may be produced by biotechnological means using yeasts. These microorganisms are able to synthesize lactones de novo or by biotransformation of fatty acids with higher yields. Obtained lactone concentrations are compatible with industrial production, although detailed metabolic pathways have not been completely elucidated. The biotransformation of ricinoleic acid into gamma-decalactone is taken here as an example to better understand the uptake of hydroxy fatty acids by yeasts and the different pathways of fatty acid degradation. The localization of ricinoleic acid beta-oxidation in peroxisomes is demonstrated. Then the regulation of the biotransformation is described, particularly the induction of peroxisome proliferation and peroxisomal beta-oxidation and its regulation at the genome level. The nature of the biotransformation product is then discussed (4-hydroxydecanoic acid or gamma-decalactone), because the localization and the mechanisms of the lactonization are still not properly known. Lactone production may also be limited by the degradation of this aroma compound by the yeasts which produced it. Thus, different possible ways of modification and degradation of gamma-decalactone are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Endrizzi
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie, ENSBANA. Univ. Bourgogne, Dijon, France
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8
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Van Veldhoven PP, Van Rompuy P, Fransen M, De Béthune B, Mannaerts GP. Large-scale purification and further characterization of rat pristanoyl-CoA oxidase. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1994; 222:795-801. [PMID: 8026493 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1994.tb18926.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The elution of pristanoyl-CoA oxidase from butyl-Sepharose required unusually high concentrations of ethylene glycol, enabling the large-scale purification of this oxidase in a single chromatographic step. The enzyme, the native molecular mass of which was estimated previously at 415 kDa by gel filtration (Van Veldhoven, P.P., Vanhove, G., Vanhoutte, F., Dacremont, G., Eyssen, H. J. & Mannaerts, G. P. (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266, 24676-24683), migrated as a 513-kDa protein during native gel electrophoresis. It showed a typical flavoprotein spectrum and probably binds 4 mol FAD/mol enzyme. Its amino acid composition was different from those of other known acyl-CoA oxidases. Screening of different rat tissues, either for enzyme activity or by immunoblotting, revealed the highest level of pristanoyl-CoA oxidase in liver, followed by kidney, intestinal mucosa, spleen and lung. The oxidase activities, measured with 2-methylpalmitoyl-CoA as the substrate, in livers from other vertebrates including man were low compared to rat. This was also confirmed by immunoblotting which provided a clear signal only in rat liver, possibly indicating that pristanoyl-CoA oxidase might be a rat-specific oxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- P P Van Veldhoven
- Katolieke Universiteit Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Afdeling Farmakologie, Belgium
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9
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Tanaka A, Ueda M. Assimilation of alkanes by yeasts: functions and biogenesis of peroxisomes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0953-7562(09)80504-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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10
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Sztajer H, Wagner G, Schmid RD. Bacterial short-chain acyl-CoA oxidase: production, purification and characterization. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 1993. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00164454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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11
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Chapter 16 Structure and function of methanogen genes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-7306(08)60265-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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12
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Aitchison JD, Nuttley WM, Szilard RK, Brade AM, Glover JR, Rachubinski RA. Peroxisome biogenesis in yeast. Mol Microbiol 1992; 6:3455-60. [PMID: 1474890 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1992.tb01780.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells have evolved a complex set of intracellular organelles, each of which possesses a specific complement of enzymes and performs unique metabolic functions. This compartmentalization of cellular functions provides a level of metabolic control not available to prokaryotes. However, it presents the eukaryotic cell with the problem of targeting proteins to their specific location(s). Proteins must be efficiently transported from their site of synthesis in the cytosol to their specific organelle(s). Such a process may require translocation across one or more hydrophobic membrane barriers and/or asymmetric integration into specific membranes. Proteins carry cis-acting amino acid sequences that serve to act as recognition motifs for protein sorting and for the cellular translocation machinery. Sequences that target proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum/secretory pathway, mitochondria, and chloroplasts are often present as cleavable amino-terminal extensions. In contrast, most peroxisomal proteins are synthesized at their mature size and are translocated to the organelle without any post-translational modification. This review will summarize what is known about how yeast solve the problem of specifically importing proteins into peroxisomes and will suggest future directions for investigations into peroxisome biogenesis in yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Aitchison
- Department of Biochemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Aitchison JD, Szilard RK, Nuttley WM, Rachubinski RA. Antibodies directed against a yeast carboxyl-terminal peroxisomal targeting signal specifically recognize peroxisomal proteins from various yeasts. Yeast 1992; 8:721-34. [PMID: 1279909 DOI: 10.1002/yea.320080905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The carboxyl-terminal tripeptide Ala-Lys-Ile is essential for targeting Candida tropicalis trifunctional enzyme (hydratase-dehydrogenase-epimerase) to peroxisomes of both Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Aitchison,J.D., Murray, W.W. and Rachubinski, R. A. (1991).J. Biol. Chem. 266, 23197-23203). We investigated the possibility that this tripeptide may act as a general peroxisomal targeting signal (PTS) for other proteins in the yeasts C. tropicalis, C. albicans, Yarrowia lipolytica and S. cerevisiae, and in rat liver. Anti-AKI antibodies raised against the carboxyl-terminal 12 amino acids of trifunctional enzyme were used to search for this PTS in proteins of these yeasts and of rat liver. The anti-AKI antibodies reacted exclusively with multiple peroxisomal proteins from the yeasts C. tropicalis, C. albicans and Y. lipolytica. There was a weak reaction of the antibodies with one peroxisomal protein from S. cerevisiae and no reaction with peroxisomal proteins from rat liver. Antibodies directed against a synthetic peptide containing a carboxyl-terminal Ser-Lys-Leu PTS (Gould, S. J., Krisans, S., Keller, G.-A. and Subramani, S. (1990). J. Cell Biol. 110,27-34) reacted with multiple peroxisomal proteins of rat liver and with peroxisomal proteins of yeast distinct from those identified with anti-AKI antibodies. These results provide evidence that several peroxisomal proteins of different yeasts contain a PTS antigenically similar to that of C. tropicalis trifunctional enzyme and that this signal is absent from peroxisomal proteins from at least one mammalian system, rat liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Aitchison
- Department of Biochemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Gietl C. Malate dehydrogenase isoenzymes: cellular locations and role in the flow of metabolites between the cytoplasm and cell organelles. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1992; 1100:217-34. [PMID: 1610875 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4838(92)90476-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Malate dehydrogenases belong to the most active enzymes in glyoxysomes, mitochondria, peroxisomes, chloroplasts and the cytosol. In this review, the properties and the role of the isoenzymes in different compartments of the cell are compared, with emphasis on molecular biological aspects. Structure and function of malate dehydrogenase isoenzymes from plants, mammalian cells and ascomycetes (yeast, Neurospora) are considered. Significant information on evolutionary aspects and characterisation of functional domains of the enzymes emanates from bacterial malate and lactate dehydrogenases modified by protein engineering. The review endeavours to give up-to-date information on the biogenesis and intracellular targeting of malate dehydrogenase isoenzymes as well as enzymes cooperating with them in the flow of metabolites of a given pathway and organelle.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gietl
- Institute of Botany, Technical University of Munich, München, Germany
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15
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Determination of Candida tropicalis acyl coenzyme A oxidase isozyme function by sequential gene disruption. Mol Cell Biol 1991. [PMID: 1875924 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.11.9.4333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A recently developed transformation system has been used to facilitate the sequential disruption of the Candida tropicalis chromosomal POX4 and POX5 genes, encoding distinct isozymes of the acyl coenzyme A (acyl-CoA) oxidase which catalyzes the first reaction in the beta-oxidation pathway. The URA3-based transformation system was repeatedly regenerated by restoring the uracil requirement to transformed strains, either through selection for spontaneous mutations or by directed deletion within the URA 3 coding sequence, to permit sequential gene disruptions within a single strain of C. tropicalis. These gene disruptions revealed the diploid nature of this alkane- and fatty acid-utilizing yeast by showing that it contains two copies of each gene. A comparison of mutants in which both POX4 or both POX5 genes were disrupted revealed that the two isozymes were differentially regulated and displayed unique substrate profiles and kinetic properties. POX4 was constitutively expressed during growth on glucose and was strongly induced by either dodecane or methyl laurate and to a greater extent than POX5, which was induced primarily by dodecane. The POX4-encoded isozyme demonstrated a broad substrate spectrum in comparison with the narrow-spectrum, long-chain oxidase encoded by POX5. The absence of detectable acyl-CoA oxidase activity in the strain in which all POX4 and POX5 genes had been disrupted confirmed that all functional acyl-CoA oxidase genes had been inactivated. This strain cannot utilize alkanes or fatty acids for growth, indicating that the beta-oxidation pathway has been functionally blocked.
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16
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Picataggio S, Deanda K, Mielenz J. Determination of Candida tropicalis acyl coenzyme A oxidase isozyme function by sequential gene disruption. Mol Cell Biol 1991; 11:4333-9. [PMID: 1875924 PMCID: PMC361294 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.11.9.4333-4339.1991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A recently developed transformation system has been used to facilitate the sequential disruption of the Candida tropicalis chromosomal POX4 and POX5 genes, encoding distinct isozymes of the acyl coenzyme A (acyl-CoA) oxidase which catalyzes the first reaction in the beta-oxidation pathway. The URA3-based transformation system was repeatedly regenerated by restoring the uracil requirement to transformed strains, either through selection for spontaneous mutations or by directed deletion within the URA 3 coding sequence, to permit sequential gene disruptions within a single strain of C. tropicalis. These gene disruptions revealed the diploid nature of this alkane- and fatty acid-utilizing yeast by showing that it contains two copies of each gene. A comparison of mutants in which both POX4 or both POX5 genes were disrupted revealed that the two isozymes were differentially regulated and displayed unique substrate profiles and kinetic properties. POX4 was constitutively expressed during growth on glucose and was strongly induced by either dodecane or methyl laurate and to a greater extent than POX5, which was induced primarily by dodecane. The POX4-encoded isozyme demonstrated a broad substrate spectrum in comparison with the narrow-spectrum, long-chain oxidase encoded by POX5. The absence of detectable acyl-CoA oxidase activity in the strain in which all POX4 and POX5 genes had been disrupted confirmed that all functional acyl-CoA oxidase genes had been inactivated. This strain cannot utilize alkanes or fatty acids for growth, indicating that the beta-oxidation pathway has been functionally blocked.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Picataggio
- Department of Microbial Technology, Cognis Inc., Santa Rosa, California 95407
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17
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Eggen RI, Geerling AC, Jetten MS, de Vos WM. Cloning, expression, and sequence analysis of the genes for carbon monoxide dehydrogenase of Methanothrix soehngenii. J Biol Chem 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(20)89584-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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18
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Sorting of peroxisomal membrane protein PMP47 from Candida boidinii into peroxisomal membranes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biol Chem 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)30475-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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19
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Isolation and characterization of the alkane-inducible NADPH-cytochrome P-450 oxidoreductase gene from Candida tropicalis. Identification of invariant residues within similar amino acid sequences of divergent flavoproteins. J Biol Chem 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)46240-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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20
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Aitchison JD, Rachubinski RA. In vivo import of Candida tropicalis hydratase-dehydrogenase-epimerase into peroxisomes of Candida albicans. Curr Genet 1990; 17:481-6. [PMID: 2202524 DOI: 10.1007/bf00313075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We present a system for studying peroxisomal protein targeting in Candida. We have expressed the Candida tropicalis gene encoding hydratase-dehydrogenase-epimerase (HDE) in Candida albicans. Immunoblot analyses of C. albicans transformants demonstrate the presence of oleic-acid inducible HDE (100 kDa) in peroxisomes of transformed cells, but not of control cells. Peroxisomes isolated from transformed cells show increased beta-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase specific activity, indicating that HDE is imported into peroxisomes of C. albicans where it is enzymatically active. C. albicans provides a useful model for the study of protein targeting to peroxisomes in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Aitchison
- Department of Biochemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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21
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Dmochowska A, Dignard D, Maleszka R, Thomas DY. Structure and transcriptional control of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae POX1 gene encoding acyl-coenzyme A oxidase. Gene X 1990; 88:247-52. [PMID: 2189786 DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(90)90038-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We have cloned the Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene coding for the peroxisomal enzyme: fatty acyl-CoA oxidase (POX). The gene (named POX1) is unique in S. cerevisiae and has been identified through homology with the POX4 and POX5 genes of Candida tropicalis. The POX1 gene encodes a 84-kDa POX protein composed of 748 amino acids. The identity between the S. cerevisiae and C. tropicalis enzymes is about 40%, and there is a greater degree of similarity between the N termini than the C termini. A disruption of the POX1 coding sequence diminishes the ability of yeast cells to grow on oleic acid as a sole carbon source. The expression of the POX1 gene is regulated at the level of transcription, and is induced more than 25-fold by the addition of oleic acid to the medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dmochowska
- Department of Genetics, University of Warsaw, Poland
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- P Borst
- Division of Molecular Biology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam
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23
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Peroxisome targeting signal of rat liver acyl-coenzyme A oxidase resides at the carboxy terminus. Mol Cell Biol 1989. [PMID: 2927399 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.9.1.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify the topogenic signal of peroxisomal acyl-coenzyme A oxidase (AOX) of rat liver, we carried out in vitro import experiments with mutant polypeptides of the enzyme. Full-length AOX and polypeptides that were truncated at the N-terminal region were efficiently imported into peroxisomes, as determined by resistance to externally added proteinase K. Polypeptides carrying internal deletions in the C-terminal region exhibited much lower import activities. Polypeptides that were truncated or mutated at the extreme C terminus were totally import negative. When the five amino acid residues at the extreme C terminus were attached to some of the import-negative polypeptides, the import activities were rescued. Moreover, the C-terminal 199 and 70 amino acid residues of AOX directed fusion proteins with two bacterial enzymes to peroxisomes. These results are interpreted to mean that the peroxisome targeting signal of AOX residues at the C terminus and the five or fewer residues at the extreme terminus have an obligatory function in targeting. The C-terminal internal region also has an important role for efficient import, possibly through a conformational effect.
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Sanglard D, Loper JC. Characterization of the alkane-inducible cytochrome P450 (P450alk) gene from the yeast Candida tropicalis: identification of a new P450 gene family. Gene 1989; 76:121-36. [PMID: 2663647 DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(89)90014-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The P450alk gene, which is inducible by the assimilation of alkane in Candida tropicalis, was sequenced and characterized. Structural features described in promoter and terminator regions of Saccharomyces yeast genes are present in the P450alk gene and some particular structures are discussed for their possible role in the inducibility of this gene. Expression of the P450alk gene was achieved in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using the yeast alcohol dehydrogenase expression system after removal of the P450alk gene flanking regions. The resultant expressed protein had a molecular mass slightly greater than that of P450alk from C. tropicalis. This alteration did not prevent the function and the localization of P450alk expressed in S. cerevisiae, as this organism showed an acquired microsome-bound activity for the terminal hydroxylation of lauric acid. The deduced P450alk amino acid sequence was compared with members of the nine known P450 gene families. These comparisons indicated that P450alk had a low relationship with these members and was therefore the first member (A1) of a new P450 gene family (LII).
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sanglard
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, OH 45267-0524
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25
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Szabo LJ, Small GM, Lazarow PB. The nucleotide sequence of POX18, a gene encoding a small oleate-inducible peroxisomal protein from Candida tropicalis. Gene 1989; 75:119-26. [PMID: 2470648 DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(89)90388-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We report the molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of the nuclear gene, POX18, encoding an oleate-inducible peroxisomal protein from the yeast Candida tropicalis. POX18 has a single open reading frame of 381 nucleotides (nt), which encodes a protein of 127 amino acids. The predicted Mr of this protein is 13,792. Codon usage in the expression of POX18 is non-random, and shows a pattern similar to that used for other peroxisomal genes from C. tropicalis and highly expressed genes from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Northern analysis of total RNA from oleate-grown cells determined that POX18 mRNA is approximately 750 nt in length. The POX18 gene was expressed in vitro, which resulted in a single translation product that co-migrated in denaturing polyacrylamide gels with an abundant peroxisomal protein (apparent mass of 16 kDa) and was immunoprecipitated by an antiserum against peroxisomal protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Szabo
- Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021
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26
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Miyazawa S, Osumi T, Hashimoto T, Ohno K, Miura S, Fujiki Y. Peroxisome targeting signal of rat liver acyl-coenzyme A oxidase resides at the carboxy terminus. Mol Cell Biol 1989; 9:83-91. [PMID: 2927399 PMCID: PMC362148 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.9.1.83-91.1989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
To identify the topogenic signal of peroxisomal acyl-coenzyme A oxidase (AOX) of rat liver, we carried out in vitro import experiments with mutant polypeptides of the enzyme. Full-length AOX and polypeptides that were truncated at the N-terminal region were efficiently imported into peroxisomes, as determined by resistance to externally added proteinase K. Polypeptides carrying internal deletions in the C-terminal region exhibited much lower import activities. Polypeptides that were truncated or mutated at the extreme C terminus were totally import negative. When the five amino acid residues at the extreme C terminus were attached to some of the import-negative polypeptides, the import activities were rescued. Moreover, the C-terminal 199 and 70 amino acid residues of AOX directed fusion proteins with two bacterial enzymes to peroxisomes. These results are interpreted to mean that the peroxisome targeting signal of AOX residues at the C terminus and the five or fewer residues at the extreme terminus have an obligatory function in targeting. The C-terminal internal region also has an important role for efficient import, possibly through a conformational effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Miyazawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
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27
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Chen C, Kalb VF, Turi TG, Loper JC. Primary structure of the cytochrome P450 lanosterol 14 alpha-demethylase gene from Candida tropicalis. DNA (MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC.) 1988; 7:617-26. [PMID: 3068024 DOI: 10.1089/dna.1988.7.617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We report the nucleotide sequence of the gene and flanking DNA for the cytochrome P450 lanosterol 14 alpha-demethylase (14DM) from the yeast Candida tropicalis ATCC750. An open reading frame (ORF) of 528 codons encoding a 60.9-kD protein is identified. This ORF includes a characteristic heme-binding domain, HR2, common to all P450 proteins. This protein and the 14DM from Saccharomyces cerevisiae share 66.5% identical and 23.1% conservatively replaced amino acids in a 516-amino-acid alignment, and thus are orthologous forms of the P450LIA1 gene. Conversely, C. tropicalis 14DM shares relatively little sequence similarity with P450alk, the predominant P450 protein present when this organism is grown on n-alkanes. Sequence information of these three yeast P450s will be useful for structure-function analyses in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH
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28
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Nuttley WM, Aitchison JD, Rachubinski RA. cDNA cloning and primary structure determination of the peroxisomal trifunctional enzyme hydratase-dehydrogenase-epimerase from the yeast Candida tropicalis pK233. Gene X 1988; 69:171-80. [PMID: 3267241 DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(88)90428-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the isolation and nucleotide (nt) sequence determination of a cDNA encoding the peroxisomal trifunctional beta-oxidation enzyme hydratase-dehydrogenase-epimerase (HDE) from the yeast Candida tropicalis pK233. Poly(A)+RNA isolated from C. tropicalis cells grown in oleic acid medium was used to construct a cDNA library in lambda gt11. The library was screened with a polyclonal antiserum against HDE. A recombinant was confirmed to encode HDE by hybridization-selection translation and immunoprecipitation. The HDE cDNA (HDE) has a single open reading frame of 2718 nt, encoding a protein of 905 amino acids, not including the initiator methionine. The Mr of the protein is 99,350. A partial gene duplication is believed to have occurred in the evolution of the HDE gene. Codon utilization in the gene is not random, with 86.0% of the amino acids specified by 23 preferentially used codons, a situation similar to that found in genes encoding peroxisomal catalase and the various fatty acyl-CoA oxidases from C. tropicalis. The increase in HDE activity in C. tropicalis cells grown in oleic acid medium as opposed to glucose medium is due, at least in part, to increased HDE-specific mRNA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- W M Nuttley
- Department of Biochemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., Canada
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29
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Okazaki K, Tan H, Fukui S, Kubota I, Kamiryo T. Peroxisomal acyl-coenzyme A oxidase multigene family of the yeast Candida tropicalis; nucleotide sequence of a third gene and its protein product. Gene 1987; 58:37-44. [PMID: 3692174 DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(87)90027-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We have determined the complete nucleotide sequence of gene POX2, which encodes one of the major peroxisomal polypeptides (PXPs) of Candida tropicalis. POX2 is linked to gene POX4, which codes for a subunit (PXP-4) of long-chain acyl-CoA oxidase. Southern blot analysis revealed that POX2 had a significant homology to POX4, and also to gene POX5 which encodes a subunit (PXP-5) of the isozyme of acyl-CoA oxidase. PXP-2, the protein product of POX2, was co-purified with PXP-4 from the isolated peroxisomes. PXP-2 itself was a flavoprotein and likely to form an equimolar complex with PXP-4, although its enzymatic activity was uncertain. POX2 corresponds to a single open reading frame of 724 amino acids and has no introns. The N-terminal sequence and the calculated Mr of the deduced polypeptide were consistent with those of isolated PXP-2. The primary structure was highly homologous to those of PXP-4 and PXP-5 in respect of the amino acid sequence and the hydropathy profile. We conclude that POX2 is a third gene of the peroxisomal acyl-COA oxidase multigene family.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Okazaki
- Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
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30
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Murray WW, Rachubinski RA. The nucleotide sequence of complementary DNA and the deduced amino acid sequence of peroxisomal catalase of the yeast Candida tropicalis pK233. Gene 1987; 61:401-13. [PMID: 3446581 DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(87)90202-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We report the isolation and nucleotide (nt) sequence determination of cDNA encoding peroxisomal catalase (Cat) from the yeast Candida tropicalis pK233. The catalase cDNA (Cat) has a single open reading frame (ORF) of 1455 nt, encoding a protein of 484 amino acids (aa), not including the initiator methionine. The Mr of the protein is 54767. Codon use in the gene is not random, with 90.9% of the aa specified by 25 principal codons. The principal codons used in the expression of Cat in C. tropicalis are similar to those used in the expression of the fatty acyl-CoA oxidase gene of C. tropicalis and of highly expressed genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Cat shows 48.0%, 49.7%, and 48.3% aa identity with human, bovine, and rat catalases, respectively, and 44.3% aa identity with catalase T of S. cerevisiae. The 3 aa of bovine liver catalase previously postulated to participate in catalysis and 79.5% of those aa in the immediate environment of hemin, the prosthetic group of catalase, are conserved in Cat of C. tropicalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- W W Murray
- Department of Biochemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., Canada
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