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Li XJ, Suo P, Wang YN, Zou L, Nie XL, Zhao YY, Miao H. Arachidonic acid metabolism as a therapeutic target in AKI-to-CKD transition. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1365802. [PMID: 38523633 PMCID: PMC10957658 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1365802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (AA) is a main component of cell membrane lipids. AA is mainly metabolized by three enzymes: cyclooxygenase (COX), lipoxygenase (LOX) and cytochrome P450 (CYP450). Esterified AA is hydrolysed by phospholipase A2 into a free form that is further metabolized by COX, LOX and CYP450 to a wide range of bioactive mediators, including prostaglandins, lipoxins, thromboxanes, leukotrienes, hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids. Increased mitochondrial oxidative stress is considered to be a central mechanism in the pathophysiology of the kidney. Along with increased oxidative stress, apoptosis, inflammation and tissue fibrosis drive the progressive loss of kidney function, affecting the glomerular filtration barrier and the tubulointerstitium. Recent studies have shown that AA and its active derivative eicosanoids play important roles in the regulation of physiological kidney function and the pathogenesis of kidney disease. These factors are potentially novel biomarkers, especially in the context of their involvement in inflammatory processes and oxidative stress. In this review, we introduce the three main metabolic pathways of AA and discuss the molecular mechanisms by which these pathways affect the progression of acute kidney injury (AKI), diabetic nephropathy (DN) and renal cell carcinoma (RCC). This review may provide new therapeutic targets for the identification of AKI to CKD continuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Nephrology, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ping Suo
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan-Ni Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liang Zou
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiao-Li Nie
- Department of Nephrology, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying-Yong Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hua Miao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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ACE2 activator diminazene aceturate exerts renoprotective effects in gentamicin-induced acute renal injury in rats. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 134:3093-3106. [PMID: 33206153 DOI: 10.1042/cs20201022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) comprises a rapidly developed renal failure and is associated with high mortality rates. The Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) plays a pivotal role in AKI, as the over-active RAS axis exerts major deleterious effects in disease progression. In this sense, the conversion of Angiotensin II (Ang II) into Angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang-(1-7)) by the Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is of utmost importance to prevent worse clinical outcomes. Previous studies reported the beneficial effects of oral diminazene aceturate (DIZE) administration, an ACE2 activator, in renal diseases models. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of DIZE administration in experimental AKI induced by gentamicin (GM) in rats. Our findings showed that treatment with DIZE improved renal function and tissue damage by increasing Ang-(1-7) and ACE2 activity, and reducing TNF-α. These results corroborate with a raising potential of ACE2 activation as a strategy for treating AKI.
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Lou X, Jin J, Gong J, Zhao L, Li Y, He Q. Comparison of the Effects of Indobufen and Warfarin in a Rat Model of Adenine-Induced Chronic Kidney Disease. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:3566-3572. [PMID: 31086128 PMCID: PMC6530882 DOI: 10.12659/msm.915590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Worldwide, the treatment of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains a challenge as warfarin treatment can be associated with severe adverse events related to bleeding. Alternative anticoagulants that can be used in CKD remain to be identified. This study aimed to compare the effects of indobufen, a new antiplatelet agent, with warfarin in a rat model of adenine-induced CKD. Material/Methods Forty-eight male Wistar rats were treated with intragastric adenine to create the rat model of CKD and were divided into four groups: an untreated control group (N=12), a group treated with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (N=12), a group treated with indobufen, (N=12) and a group treated with warfarin (N-12). Treatment was given for 4 weeks and 8 weeks. Kidney histology was performed, and the degree of fibrosis was quantified using Masson trichrome staining. Results In the rat model of adenine-induced CKD, Masson trichrome staining showed that the degree of kidney fibrosis in the indobufen group (26%) was significantly reduced (p<0.05) when compared the DMSO group (58%) and the warfarin group (49%). Kidney fibrosis was associated with upregulation of 6-keto-PGI2/TXB2 in the rat kidney tissue. Conclusions In a rat model of adenine-induced CKD, preliminary findings showed that indobufen was associated with reduced kidney fibrosis when compared with warfarin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Lou
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial Peoples' Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland).,Peoples' Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland).,Chinese Medical Nephrology Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Juan Jin
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial Peoples' Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland).,Peoples' Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland).,Chinese Medical Nephrology Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Jianguang Gong
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial Peoples' Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland).,Peoples' Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland).,Chinese Medical Nephrology Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial Peoples' Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland).,Peoples' Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland).,Chinese Medical Nephrology Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Yiwen Li
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial Peoples' Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland).,Peoples' Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland).,Chinese Medical Nephrology Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Qiang He
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial Peoples' Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland).,Peoples' Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland).,Chinese Medical Nephrology Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
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Kovacik A, Tvrda E, Fulopova D, Cupka P, Kovacikova E, Zbynovska K, Massanyi P. In Vitro Assessment of Gentamicin Cytotoxicity on the Selected Mammalian Cell Line (Vero cells). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/arls-2017-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro cytotoxicity of different concentrations (500-7500 μg/mL) of gentamicin - GENT (aminoglycoside antibiotic) on the selected mammalian cell line (Vero - cell line from African green monkey kidney). Analysis of the cell morphological changes was microscopically evaluated (magnification × 400). Quantification of Ca, Mg and total proteins was performed using spectrophotometry on device Rx Monza (Randox). Quantification of Na, K and Cl was performed on the automatic analyzer EasyLyte. The cell viability was assessed using the metabolic mitochondrial MTT test. Vero cells were able to survive at concentrations of 500 (89.21 %), 1000 (79.54 %) and 2000 μg/mL (34.59 %). We observed statistically significant decrease of vital cell content at concentrations of 2000, 4500, 7500 μg/mL against control group. Vero cell line slightly reacted to the presence of GENT but total proteins and mineral parameters were not significantly affected. Vero cells were highly sensitive to GENT with a significant decrease of viability at concentrations of 2000 and 4500 μg/mL (P < 0.001). Our data reveal that GENT has a significant cytotoxic and adverse effect on the cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Kovacik
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, 949 76-Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, Slovak Republic
| | - Eva Tvrda
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, 949 76-Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, Slovak Republic
| | - Diana Fulopova
- Institute for State Control of Veterinary Biologicals and Medicines, 949 01-Nitra, Biovetska 34, Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Cupka
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, 949 76-Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, Slovak Republic
| | - Eva Kovacikova
- Research Centre AgroBioTech, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, 949 76-Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, Slovak Republic
| | - Katarina Zbynovska
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, 949 76-Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Massanyi
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, 949 76-Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, Slovak Republic
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Moreira Galdino P, Nunes Alexandre L, Fernanda Pacheco L, de Souza Lino Junior R, de Paula JR, Rodrigues Pedrino G, Henrique Xavier C, Maria Ferreira P. Nephroprotective effect of Rudgea viburnoides (Cham.) Benth leaves on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 201:100-107. [PMID: 28242383 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
RELEVANCE Rudgea viburnoides, popularly known as "congonha-de-bugre" or "erva de bugre", is used in folk medicine as hypotensive, blood depurative, anti-rheumatic, diuretic and in the treatment of kidney and bladder pain. AIM Based on the popularly acclaimed nephron-protective effect of R. viburnoides, we investigated, using rats, the protective effect of this plant extract on gentamicin-induced kidney injury. MATERIAL AND METHODS Urinary volume, water and food intakes were assessed in adult male Wistar rats (naive or gentamicin-induced model of nephrotoxicity) treated with R. viburnoides extract. Also blood and kidney samples were collected for further laboratory and histological analyses. RESULTS R. viburnoides leaves extract improved renal function. It also improved the renal function impairments caused by gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity, as revealed by glomerular filtration rate, urine output and proteinuria. CONCLUSION R. viburnoides exert renoprotective effect, which may support its popular use for renal diseases treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Layse Nunes Alexandre
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Terapêutica Cardiovascular, ICB, UFG, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
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Iorio-Morin C, Germain P, Roy S, Génier S, Labrecque P, Parent JL. Thromboxane A2 modulates cisplatin-induced apoptosis through a Siva1-dependent mechanism. Cell Death Differ 2012; 19:1347-57. [PMID: 22343716 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2012.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Thromboxane A(2) (TXA(2)) is an important lipid mediator whose function in apoptosis is the subject of conflicting reports. Here, a yeast two-hybrid screen for proteins that interact with the C-terminus of the TXA(2) receptor (TP) identified Siva1 as a new TP-interacting protein. Contradictory evidence suggests pro- and anti-apoptotic roles for Siva1. We show that a cisplatin treatment induces TXA(2) synthesis in HeLa cells. We demonstrate that endogenous TP stimulation promotes cisplatin-induced apoptosis of HeLa cells and that such modulation requires the expression of Siva1, as evidenced by inhibiting its endogenous expression using siRNAs. We reveal that, upon stimulation of TP, degradation of Siva1 is impeded, resulting in an accumulation of the protein, which translocates from the nucleus to the cytosol. Translocation of Siva1 correlates with its reduced interaction with Mdm2 (an inhibitor of p53 signalling), as well as with its increased interaction with TRAF2 and XIAP (known to enhance pro-apoptotic signalling). Our data provide a model that reconciles the pro- and anti-apoptotic roles that were reported for Siva1 and identify a new mechanism for promoting apoptosis by G protein-coupled receptors. Our findings may have implications in the use of cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors during cisplatin chemotherapy and might provide a target to reduce cisplatin toxicity on non-cancerous tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Iorio-Morin
- Service de Rhumatologie, Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
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Urinary levels of regenerating islet-derived protein III β and gelsolin differentiate gentamicin from cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury in rats. Kidney Int 2010; 79:518-28. [PMID: 20980976 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2010.439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A key aspect for the clinical handling of acute kidney injury is an early diagnosis, for which a new generation of urine biomarkers is currently under development including kidney injury molecule 1 and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin. A further diagnostic refinement is needed where one specific cause among several potentially nephrotoxic insults can be identified during the administration of multidrug therapies. In this study we identified increases in regenerating islet-derived protein III beta (reg IIIb) and gelsolin as potential differential urinary markers of gentamicin's nephrotoxicity. Indeed, urinary levels of both reg IIIb and gelsolin distinguish between the nephrotoxicity caused by gentamicin from that caused by cisplatin where these markers were not increased by the latter. Reg IIIb was found to be overexpressed in the kidneys of gentamicin-treated rats and excreted into the urine, whereas urinary gelsolin originated from the blood by glomerular filtration. Our results illustrate an etiological diagnosis of acute kidney injury through analysis of urine. Thus, our results raise the possibility of identifying the actual nephrotoxin in critically ill patients who are often treated with several nephrotoxic agents at the same time, thereby providing the potential for tailoring therapy to an individual patient, which is the aim of personalized medicine.
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Lopez-Novoa JM, Quiros Y, Vicente L, Morales AI, Lopez-Hernandez FJ. New insights into the mechanism of aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity: an integrative point of view. Kidney Int 2010; 79:33-45. [PMID: 20861826 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2010.337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 408] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nephrotoxicity is one of the most important side effects and therapeutical limitations of aminoglycoside antibiotics, especially gentamicin. Despite rigorous patient monitoring, nephrotoxicity appears in 10-25% of therapeutic courses. Traditionally, aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity has been considered to result mainly from tubular damage. Both lethal and sub-lethal alterations in tubular cells handicap reabsorption and, in severe cases, may lead to a significant tubular obstruction. However, a reduced glomerular filtration is necessary to explain the symptoms of the disease. Reduced filtration is not solely the result of tubular obstruction and tubular malfunction, resulting in tubuloglomerular feedback activation; renal vasoconstriction and mesangial contraction are also crucial to fully explain aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity. This review critically presents an integrative view on the interactions of tubular, glomerular, and vascular effects of gentamicin, in the context of the most recent information available. Moreover, it discusses therapeutic perspectives for prevention of aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity derived from the pathophysiological knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M Lopez-Novoa
- Unidad de Fisiopatología Renal y Cardiovascular, Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
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Quiros Y, Vicente-Vicente L, Morales AI, Lopez-Novoa JM, Lopez-Hernandez FJ. An Integrative Overview on the Mechanisms Underlying the Renal Tubular Cytotoxicity of Gentamicin. Toxicol Sci 2010; 119:245-56. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfq267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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Abstract
Arachidonic acid metabolites are vital for the proper control of renal haemodynamics and, when not properly controlled, can contribute to renal vascular injury and end-stage renal disease. Three major enzymatic pathways, COX (cyclo-oxygenase), CYP450 (cytochrome P450) and LOX (lipoxygenase), are responsible for the metabolism of arachidonic acid metabolites to bioactive eicosanoids. These eicosanoids can dilate or constrict the renal vasculature and maintain vascular resistance in the face of changing vasoactive hormones. Renal vascular generation of eicosanoids is altered in pathophysiological conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, metabolic syndrome and acute renal failure. Experimental evidence supports the concept that altered eicosanoid metabolism contributes to renal haemodynamic alterations and the development and progression of nephropathy. The possible beneficial renal vascular actions of enzymatic inhibitors, eicosanoid analogues and receptor antagonists have been examined in hypertension, diabetes and metabolic syndrome. This review highlights the roles of renal vascular eicosanoids in the pathogenesis of nephropathy and therapeutic targets for renal disease related to hypertension, diabetes, metabolic syndrome and acute renal failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Imig
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
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Tsipas G, Morphake P. Beneficial effects of a diet rich in a mixture of n - 6/n - 3 essential fatty acids and of their metabolites on cyclosporine - nephrotoxicity. J Nutr Biochem 2003; 14:626-32. [PMID: 14629893 DOI: 10.1016/s0955-2863(03)00190-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study we investigated the role of a mixture of n-6/n-3 essential fatty acids, in the cyclosporine model nephrotoxicity. Administration of cyclosporine in rats decreased creatinine clearance and provoked body weight loss, but it did not induce proteinuria and did not alter the urine volume. These changes were associated with decreased urinary ratios of prostaglandin E/thromboxane B and prostaglandin I/thromboxane B excretions. Light microscopic sections showed that 100% of the animals were affected by histological tubular lesions on their kidneys. Administration of cyclosporine to animals fed for 3 months on standard chow containing a mixture of n - 6/n - 3 essential fatty acids, restored creatinine clearance, augmented urine volume and prevented body weight loss. The improvement of renal function was accompanied by increased urinary ratios of prostaglandin E/thromboxane B and prostaglandin I/thromboxane B excretions. Light microscopic sections showed that only 40% of the animals demonstrated histological tubular lesions, of minor importance, to their kidneys. Our results suggest that the metabolites of arachidonic acid can play important role in the development of cyclosporine-nephrotoxicity because they increase the levels of thromboxane A and that the enhanced synthesis of prostaglandins (E) and (I) induced by a mixture of n - 6/n - 3 essential fatty acids, could play a beneficial role in the prevention of this renal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Tsipas
- Laboratory of Zoology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. Department of Environmental and Natural Resources. Management School of Natural Resources and Enterprises Management. University of Ioannina, 301.00, Agrinio, Greece.
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Tsipas G, Morphake P. Beneficial effects of a diet rich in a mixture of n - 6/n - 3 essential fatty acids and of their metabolites on cyclosporine - nephrotoxicity. J Nutr Biochem 2003; 14:480-6. [PMID: 12948879 DOI: 10.1016/s0955-2863(03)00102-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study we investigated the role of a mixture of n-6/n-3 essential fatty acids, in the cyclosporine model nephrotoxicity. Administration of cyclosporine in rats decreased creatinine clearance and provoked body weight loss, but it did not induce proteinuria and did not alter the urine volume. These changes were associated with decreased urinary ratios of prostaglandin E/thromboxane B and prostaglandin I/thromboxane B excretions. Light microscopic sections showed that 100% of the animals were affected by histological tubular lesions on their kidneys. Administration of cyclosporine to animals fed for 3 months on standard chow containing a mixture of n - 6/n - 3 essential fatty acids, restored creatinine clearance, augmented urine volume and prevented body weight loss. The improvement of renal function was accompanied by increased urinary ratios of prostaglandin E/thromboxane B and prostaglandin I/thromboxane B excretions. Light microscopic sections showed that only 40% of the animals demonstrated histological tubular lesions, of minor importance, to their kidneys. Our results suggest that the metabolites of arachidonic acid can play important role in the development of cyclosporine-nephrotoxicity because they increase the levels of thromboxane A and that the enchanced synthesis of prostaglandins (E) and (I) induced by a mixture of n - 6/n - 3 essential fatty acids, could play a beneficial role in the prevention of this renal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Tsipas
- Laboratory of Zoology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. Department of Environmental and Natural Resources. Management School of Natural Resources and Enterprises Management. University of Ioannina, 301.00, Agrinio, Greece.
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Darlametsos IE, Varonos DD. Role of prostanoids and endothelins in the prevention of cyclosporine-induced nephrotoxicity. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2001; 64:231-9. [PMID: 11418017 DOI: 10.1054/plef.2001.0265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cyclosporine A nephrotoxicity includes both functional toxicity and histological changes, whose seriousness is dependent upon the dose and the duration of the drug administration. Several vasoactive agents have been found to be implicated in cyclosporine induced nephrotoxicity, among which prostanoids and endothelins are the most important. In previous studies we were able to prevent the early stage (7 days) of cyclosporine (37.4 micromol [45 mg]/kg/day) induced nephrotoxicity in rats either by the administration, i) of OKY-046, a thromboxane A(2)synthase inhibitor, ii) of ketanserine, an antagonist of S(2)serotonergic, a(1)adrenergic, and H(1)histaminergic receptors and iii) of nifedipine, a calcium channel blocker, or by diet supplementation either with evening primrose oil or fish oil. All these protective agents elevated ratios of excreted renal prostanoid vasodilators (prostaglandins E(2), 6ketoF(1 alpha)) to vasoconstrictor (thromboxane B(2)), a ratio which was decreased by the administration of cyclosporine alone. Nifedipine averted the cyclosporine induced increase of urinary endothelin-1 release. All protections were associated with the reinstatement of glomerular filtration rate forwards normal levels whereas renal damage defence, consisting of a decrease of the cyclosporine induced vacuolizations, was variable. Ketanserine and evening primrose oil were the only agents which prevented the animal body weight loss. These data suggest that prostanoids and endothelin-1 may mediate functional toxicity while thromboxane A(2)is involved the morphological changes too, provoked in the early stage of cyclosporine treatment. However, other nephrotoxic factors and additional mechanisms could also be implicated in the cyclosporine induced nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- I E Darlametsos
- Centre Franco-Hellénique de Recherches Biomédicales, Nikolaos Papanikolaou, Corporation of the Municipality Agrinion, Agrinion, 30100, Greece.
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Darlametsos IE, Papanikolaou EN, Varonos DD. Effect of nifedipine in cyclosporine-induced nephrotoxicity in rats: roles of the thromboxane and endothelin systems. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2000; 63:263-9. [PMID: 11090252 DOI: 10.1054/plef.2000.0213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cyclosporine (CsA) (45 mg/kg/day for 7 days) administration in female Wistar rats induced significant decrease in creatinine clearance (Ccr) and body weight loss (BWL). Urine volume (V) was not altered and proteinuria (PU) not provoked. These changes were associated with increased urinary endothelin 1 (ET-1) and thromboxane B(2)(TXB(2)) concentrations, and decreased urinary ratios of prostaglandin (6ketoPGF(1 alpha)and PGE(2)) to TXB(2)excretions. Nifedipine (NFD) (0.1 mg/kg/day for 7 days), a calcium channel blocker, administrated in addition to CsA, to another group of animals, significantly augmented Ccr and urine V but did not prevent BWL in comparison to CsA-only treated rats. The urinary ET-1 and TXB(2)concentrations displayed significant and non-significant decrease respectively, while the urinary excretion ratios of 6ketoPGF(1 alpha)/TXB(2)and PGE(2)/TXB(2)were significantly enhanced.These observations indicate that the partial protection of NFD in CsA-induced nephrotoxicity could be attributed to augmented urinary prostanoid ratios of renal vasodilators (6ketoPGF(1 alpha)and PGE(2)) to vasoconstrictor (TXB(2)) excretions, and also to reduced release of rather renal origin ET-1, the most potent mamalian vasoconstrictor peptide known to date. In a previous study, we found that NFD only slightly prevented structural renal damage, induced by CsA. So, the NFD protection refers only to functional toxicity and not to structural damage, mediated at least in part by the preservation of relatively high renal TXB(2)levels. However, other nephrotoxic factors and additional mechanisms could also be implicated in this CsA-induced syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- I E Darlametsos
- Centre Franco-Hellénique de Recherches Biomédicales, General Hospital of Agrinion, 30100 Agrinion, Greece
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El-Sabban FM, Ali BH, Bashir AK, Tanira MO. The effect of gentamicin on acetylsalicylic acid-induced platelet antiaggregatory action in mouse pial arterioles. Life Sci 1998; 62:1361-9. [PMID: 9566778 DOI: 10.1016/s0024-3205(98)00070-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gentamicin (G) treatment (5, 20, 40 and 80 mg kg[-1] day[-1] given intramuscularly for 6 days) was shown to cause a dose-related platelet proaggregatory effect in mouse pial microcirculation. This was associated with a reduction in mouse renal function, indicated by high plasma creatinine and urea concentrations. When G was given at the same doses but as a single injection, it caused no change in renal function or platelet aggregation. Gentamicin (20 and 80 mg kg/day, given intramuscularly for 6 days) significantly (P < 0.05) impeded the platelet antiaggregatory effect of acetylsalicylic acid (100 mg kg[-1], intraperitoneally).
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Affiliation(s)
- F M El-Sabban
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, UAE University, Al-Ain
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Abstract
Acute renal failure (ARF) induced by therapeutic agents that are nephrotoxic (e.g., gentamicin, cisplatin, amphotericin, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) or hypotension associated with anesthesia and surgery unfortunately occur with some regularity in small animal practice. Several clinical conditions have been identified that can increase the risk of hospital-acquired ARF in dogs. Recognition of these risk factors allows the clinician to assess the risk/benefit ratio for various drugs and/or procedures. Additionally, initiating protective measures and increasing the monitoring of renal function in those patients that require potentially harmful treatment may decrease the incidence of hospital-acquired ARF.
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Affiliation(s)
- G F Grauer
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA
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17
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Papanikolaou N, Darlametsos I, Tsipas G, Morphake P, Bokas S, Gkikas G, Hornych A, Bariety J, Gkika EL, Karageorgou I, Patsialos K. Effects of OKY-046 and nifedipine in cyclosporine-induced renal dysfunction in rats. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 1996; 55:249-56. [PMID: 8951993 DOI: 10.1016/s0952-3278(96)90005-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Cyclosporine (CsA) (37.4 mumol/kg per day for 7 days) treated female Wistar rats exhibited significantly decreased creatinine clearance (Ccr) and body weight loss (BWL), but had neither proteinuria (PU) nor alteration in their urine volume (V). Light microscopic (LM) sections of rat kidneys showed that all kidneys were affected by lesions, mainly diffuse vacuolization. These changes were associated with decreased urinary excretion ratios of 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha to thromboxane B2 (6kPGF1 alpha/TXB2) and prostaglandin E2 to TXB2 (PGE2/TXB2). When OKY-046, a TXA2-synthetase inhibitor or nifedipine (NFD), a calcium channel blocker and an antagonist of endotheline (ET), were administered in addition to CsA, they restored Ccr and increased urine V but they did not prevent BWL. LM sections showed that only 5 or 7 out of 9 kidneys of animals were affected, respectively. These changes were associated with prevention of the diminished ratios of urinary PGE2/TXB2 and 6kPGF1 alpha/TXB2 mainly in the OKY-046 treated animals. In conclusion, our results suggest that inhibitors of TXA2 or antagonists and/or inhibitors of endothelin play a protective role in the development of the dysfunction induced by CsA. However, the protection observed using OKY-046 and NFD did not reach that obtained by evening primrose oil (EPO) or Ketanserine (KTS), substances which prevented the fall of Ccr and BWL. Furthermore, with these protective agents only 5 out of 9 kidneys were affected and the lesions were of minor importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Papanikolaou
- Centre Franco-Hellenique de Recherches Biomedicales, Hôpital Général d'Agrinion, Greece
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18
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Abdel-Gayoum AA, Bashir AA, el-Fakhri MM. Effects of fish oil and sunflower oil supplementations on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rat. Hum Exp Toxicol 1995; 14:884-8. [PMID: 8588949 DOI: 10.1177/096032719501401105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
1. Nephrotoxicity was induced in rats by intramuscular administration of gentamicin (80 mg k-1 d-1) for 6 days. 2. Oral supplementation with fish oil (5 ml kg-1 d-1), for 2 weeks prior to and during gentamicin exposure, markedly ameliorated the drug-induced nephrotoxicity. The beneficial effects of oil were evidenced by significantly reduced serum creatinine and urea concentrations, increased renal cortical alkaline phosphatase activity and improved renal tubular histology, compared with the non oil-treated animals, receiving gentamicin. 3. Similar supplementation with sunflower oil, rich in omega-6 fatty acids, failed to reverse any of the parameters of nephrotoxicity induced by gentamicin. 4. Hypercholesterolaemia and reduced cortical GSH associated with gentamicin nephrotoxicity were both normalised by supplementation with fish oil, but not by sunflower oil. 5. The beneficial effects of fish oil on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity were not related to the extent of uptake and accumulation of the drug by the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Abdel-Gayoum
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Al-Arab Medical University, Benghazi, Libya (SPLAJ)
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19
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Ali BH. Gentamicin nephrotoxicity in humans and animals: some recent research. GENERAL PHARMACOLOGY 1995; 26:1477-87. [PMID: 8690234 DOI: 10.1016/0306-3623(95)00049-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
It would appear from the literature cited in this article, that interest in gentamicin nephrotoxicity is still thriving. Despite extensive studies, the mechanism(s) of the nephrotoxicity is uncertain. Several clinical and experimental strategies have been employed in order to ameliorate or abolish the signs of gentamicin nephrotoxicity. Most of these were unsuccessful, impractical or unsafe. Therefore there is still a need for further studies to elucidate the mechanism(s) of action of the drugs nephrotoxicity, and to discover safe, practical and effective agents to ameliorate the nephrotoxicity in patients at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- B H Ali
- Desert and Marine Environment Research Centre, United Arab Emirates University Al-Ain
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20
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Blöchl-Daum B, Pehamberger H, Kurz C, Kyrle PA, Wagner O, Müller M, Monitzer B, Eichler HG. Effects of cisplatin on urinary thromboxane B2 excretion. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1995; 58:418-24. [PMID: 7586934 DOI: 10.1016/0009-9236(95)90055-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Thromboxane A2 (TxA2) is implicated in the pathogenesis of various forms of drug-induced renal damage. Based on previous functional studies, we postulated that cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (cisplatin) induces intrarenal TxA2 synthesis. To test this hypothesis, we measured urinary excretion of thromboxane B2 (TxB2), the stable inactive metabolite of TxA2, during and after cisplatin administration. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study included 16 patients with malignant disease who were scheduled to receive cisplatin (100 mg/m2) and 11 healthy subjects who received the same amount of fluid loading and the same concomitant medication as the patients but no cisplatin. Total urine output was collected in seven intervals from 24 hours before until 72 hours after the start of prehydration. Urinary immunoreactive TxB2 was measured. RESULTS There was a marked increase (4.5 +/- 1.6-fold; mean +/- SEM) in urinary TxB2 excretion in patients during and immediately after cisplatin infusion. This increase was significant compared with baseline and the control group. CONCLUSION High-dose cisplatin causes an acute increase in urinary excretion of TxB2. This likely represents enhanced intrarenal synthesis of TxA2, in response to an acute damaging effect of cisplatin on the kidneys. These findings warrant further studies to evaluate the renoprotective effect of anti-TxA2 intervention in patients receiving high-dose cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Blöchl-Daum
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Vienna University Hospital, Austria
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21
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Morphake P, Bariety J, Darlametsos I, Tsipas G, Gkikas G, Hornysh A, Papanikolaou N. Alteration of cyclosporine (CsA)-induced nephrotoxicity by gamma linolenic acid (GLA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in Wistar rats. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 1994; 50:29-35. [PMID: 8146206 DOI: 10.1016/0952-3278(94)90102-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Administration of cyclosporine (CsA), 37.4 microM (45 mg)/Kg, per day for 7 days, to Wistar rats, induced decreased creatinine clearance (Ccr) and body weight loss (BWL), but it did not induce proteinuria. These changes were associated with enhanced urinary thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and diminished 6-keto-PGF1 alpha (6kPGF1 alpha) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) excretions. The augmentation in TXB2 and the decrease in PGs highly diminished the ratios of 6kPGF1 alpha/TXB2 and PGE2/TXB2. In microscopic sections all of the kidneys were affected to variable degrees. When CsA was administered to animals fed for 70 days, prior to the experiment, on standard chow (SC) containing evening primrose oil (EPO) or fish oil (FO), 1% and 10% respectively (EPO contained 9% gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) and FO 5.6% eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)), the nephrotoxic effect of CsA was partially prevented. These changes were accompanied by increased ratios of urinary 6kPGF1 alpha/TXB2 and PGE2/TXB2 excretions. Light microscopic (LM) studies showed that rats' kidneys fed on SC containing EPO or FO were not always affected and the lesions were of minor importance. In conclusion, these results suggest that EPO (GLA) and FO (EPA) could play a beneficial role in the development or the modulation of the renal syndrome induced by CsA.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Morphake
- Centre Franco-Hellenique de Recherche Biomedicale Hormones Vasoactives et Natriuretiques, Hopital General d'Agrinion, Hellas, Greece
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Hishida A, Nakajima T, Yamada M, Kato A, Honda N. Roles of hemodynamic and tubular factors in gentamicin-mediated nephropathy. Ren Fail 1994; 16:109-16. [PMID: 8184137 DOI: 10.3109/08860229409044852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gentamicin (GM) often causes polyuric acute renal failure (ARF) in humans and animals. GM-mediated ARF in rats was accompanied with activated renin-angiotensin system, increased renal endothelin content, and enhanced lipid peroxidation. Suppression of the renin-angiotensin activity by desoxycorticosterone acetate and saline drinking, and treatment with superoxide dismutase attenuated the GM-induced decline in whole-kidney GFR with well-maintained RBF but did not reduce the severity of tubular necrosis. On the other hand, treatment with dimethylthiourea, a hydroxyl radical scavenger, attenuated the GM-mediated decline in GFR and lessened tubular necrosis but did not ameliorate the reduction in RBF. These data suggest contributions of both vascular and tubular factors to the GM-induced decline in GFR in rats. However, relative importance of these factors probably differs with different doses of the agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hishida
- First Department of Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Japan
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