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Liu Y, Shen S, Yan Z, Yan L, Ding H, Wang A, Xu Q, Sun L, Yuan Y. Expression characteristics and their functional role of IGFBP gene family in pan-cancer. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:371. [PMID: 37088808 PMCID: PMC10124011 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10832-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) are critical regulators of the biological activities of insulin-like growth factors. The IGFBP family plays diverse roles in different types of cancer, which we still lack comprehensive and pleiotropic understandings so far. METHODS Multi-source and multi-dimensional data, extracted from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Oncomine, Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE), and the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) was used for bioinformatics analysis by R language. Immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR were performed to validate the results of the database analysis results. Bibliometrics and literature review were used for summarizing the research progress of IGFBPs in the field of tumor. RESULTS The members of IGFBP gene family are differentially expressed in various cancer types. IGFBPs expression can affect prognosis of different cancers. The expression of IGFBPs expression is associated with multiple signal transduction pathways. The expression of IGFBPs is significantly correlated with tumor mutational burden, microsatellite instability, tumor stemness and tumor immune microenvironment. The qRT-PCR experiments verified the lower expression of IGFBP2 and IGFBP6 in gastric cancer and the lower expression of IGFBP6 in colorectal cancer. Immunohistochemistry validated a marked downregulation of IGFBP2 protein in gastric cancer tissues. The keywords co-occurrence analysis of IGFBP related publications in cancer showed relative research have been more concentrating on the potential of IGFBPs as tumor diagnostic and prognostic markers and developing cancer therapies. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide frontier trend of IGFBPs related research and new clues for identifying novel therapeutic targets for various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingnan Liu
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
- Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Shixuan Shen
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
- Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Ziwei Yan
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
- Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Lirong Yan
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
- Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Hanxi Ding
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
- Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Ang Wang
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
- Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.
- Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.
| | - Liping Sun
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.
- Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.
- Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.
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2
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Venuto S, Coda ARD, González-Pérez R, Laselva O, Tolomeo D, Storlazzi CT, Liso A, Conese M. IGFBP-6 Network in Chronic Inflammatory Airway Diseases and Lung Tumor Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054804. [PMID: 36902237 PMCID: PMC10003725 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The lung is an accomplished organ for gas exchanges and directly faces the external environment, consequently exposing its large epithelial surface. It is also the putative determinant organ for inducing potent immune responses, holding both innate and adaptive immune cells. The maintenance of lung homeostasis requires a crucial balance between inflammation and anti-inflammation factors, and perturbations of this stability are frequently associated with progressive and fatal respiratory diseases. Several data demonstrate the involvement of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system and their binding proteins (IGFBPs) in pulmonary growth, as they are specifically expressed in different lung compartments. As we will discuss extensively in the text, IGFs and IGFBPs are implicated in normal pulmonary development but also in the pathogenesis of various airway diseases and lung tumors. Among the known IGFBPs, IGFBP-6 shows an emerging role as a mediator of airway inflammation and tumor-suppressing activity in different lung tumors. In this review, we assess the current state of IGFBP-6's multiple roles in respiratory diseases, focusing on its function in the inflammation and fibrosis in respiratory tissues, together with its role in controlling different types of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santina Venuto
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | | | - Ruperto González-Pérez
- Allergy Department, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, 38320 Tenerife, Spain
- Severe Asthma Unit, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, 38320 Tenerife, Spain
| | - Onofrio Laselva
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Doron Tolomeo
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Clelia Tiziana Storlazzi
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Arcangelo Liso
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Massimo Conese
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
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3
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Bach LA. Recent insights into the actions of IGFBP-6. J Cell Commun Signal 2015; 9:189-200. [PMID: 25808083 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-015-0288-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
IGFBP-6 is an O-linked glycoprotein that preferentially binds IGF-II over IGF-I. It is a relatively selective inhibitor of IGF-II actions including proliferation, survival and differentiation of a wide range of cells. IGFBP-6 has recently been shown to have a number of IGF-independent actions, including promotion of apoptosis in some cells and inhibition of angiogenesis. IGFBP-6 also induces migration of tumour cells including rhabdomyosarcomas by an IGF-independent mechanism. This chemotactic effect is mediated by MAP kinases. IGFBP-6 binds to prohibitin-2 on the cell surface and the latter is required for IGFBP-6-induced migration by a mechanism that is independent of MAP kinases. IGFBP-6 may enter the nucleus and modulate cell survival and differentiation. IGFBP-6 expression is decreased in a number of cancer cells and it has been postulated to act as a tumour suppressor. IGFBP-6 expression is increased in a smaller number of cancers, which may reflect a compensatory mechanism to control IGF-II actions or IGF-independent actions. The relative balance of IGF-dependent and IGF-independent actions of IGFBP-6 in vivo together with the related question regarding the roles of IGFBP-6 binding to IGF and non-IGF ligands are keys to understanding the physiological role of this protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon A Bach
- Department of Medicine (Alfred), Monash University, Prahran, 3181, Australia,
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4
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Praveen Kumar VR, Sehgal P, Thota B, Patil S, Santosh V, Kondaiah P. Insulin like growth factor binding protein 4 promotes GBM progression and regulates key factors involved in EMT and invasion. J Neurooncol 2014; 116:455-64. [PMID: 24395346 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-013-1324-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Insulin like growth factor binding protein 4 (IGFBP4) regulates growth and development of tissues and organs by negatively regulating IGF signaling. Among most cancers, IGFBP4 has growth inhibitory role and reported as a down-regulated gene, except for renal cell carcinoma, wherein IGFBP4 promotes tumor progression. IGFBP4 expression has been shown to be higher in increasing grades of astrocytoma. However, the functional role of IGFBP4 in gliomas has not been explored. Surgical biopsies of 20 normal brain and 198 astrocytoma samples were analyzed for IGFBP4 expression by qRT-PCR. Highest expression of IGFBP4 mRNA was seen in GBM tumors compared to control brain tissues (median log2 of 2.035, p < 0.0001). Immunohistochemical analysis of 53 tissue samples revealed predominant nuclear staining of IGFBP4, seen maximally in GBMs when compared to DA and AA tumors (median LI = 29.12 ± 16.943, p < 0.001). Over expression of IGFBP4 in U343 glioma cells resulted in up-regulation of molecules involved in tumor growth, EMT and invasion such as pAkt, pErk, Vimentin, and N-cadherin and down-regulation of E-cadherin. Functionally, IGFBP4 over expression in these cells resulted in increased proliferation, migration and invasion as assessed by MTT, transwell migration, and Matrigel invasion assays. These findings were confirmed upon IGFBP4 knockdown in U251 glioma cells. Our data suggest a pro-tumorigenic role for IGFBP4 in glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- V R Praveen Kumar
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560 012, India
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5
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Abstract
The IGF (insulin-like growth factor) system is essential for physiological growth and it is also implicated in a number of diseases including cancer. IGF activity is modulated by a family of high-affinity IGF-binding proteins, and IGFBP-6 is distinctive because of its marked binding preference for IGF-II over IGF-I. A principal role for IGFBP-6 is inhibition of IGF-II actions, but recent studies have indicated that IGFBP-6 also has IGF-independent effects, including inhibition of angiogenesis and promotion of cancer cell migration. The present review briefly summarizes the IGF system in physiology and disease before focusing on recent studies on the regulation and actions of IGFBP-6, and its potential roles in cancer cells. Given the widespread interest in IGF inhibition in cancer therapeutics, increasing our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the actions of the IGF ligands, receptors and binding proteins, including IGFBP-6, will enhance our ability to develop optimal treatments that can be targeted to the most appropriate patients.
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6
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Mehan MR, Ayers D, Thirstrup D, Xiong W, Ostroff RM, Brody EN, Walker JJ, Gold L, Jarvis TC, Janjic N, Baird GS, Wilcox SK. Protein signature of lung cancer tissues. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35157. [PMID: 22509397 PMCID: PMC3324437 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer remains the most common cause of cancer-related mortality. We applied a highly multiplexed proteomic technology (SOMAscan) to compare protein expression signatures of non small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues with healthy adjacent and distant tissues from surgical resections. In this first report of SOMAscan applied to tissues, we highlight 36 proteins that exhibit the largest expression differences between matched tumor and non-tumor tissues. The concentrations of twenty proteins increased and sixteen decreased in tumor tissue, thirteen of which are novel for NSCLC. NSCLC tissue biomarkers identified here overlap with a core set identified in a large serum-based NSCLC study with SOMAscan. We show that large-scale comparative analysis of protein expression can be used to develop novel histochemical probes. As expected, relative differences in protein expression are greater in tissues than in serum. The combined results from tissue and serum present the most extensive view to date of the complex changes in NSCLC protein expression and provide important implications for diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deborah Ayers
- SomaLogic, Inc., Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Derek Thirstrup
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | | | - Edward N. Brody
- SomaLogic, Inc., Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
| | | | - Larry Gold
- SomaLogic, Inc., Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Thale C. Jarvis
- SomaLogic, Inc., Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Nebojsa Janjic
- SomaLogic, Inc., Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Geoffrey S. Baird
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Sheri K. Wilcox
- SomaLogic, Inc., Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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7
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Ueno K, Hirata H, Majid S, Tabatabai ZL, Hinoda Y, Dahiya R. IGFBP-4 activates the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway and induces M-CAM expression in human renal cell carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2011; 129:2360-9. [PMID: 21207373 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2010] [Accepted: 12/02/2010] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is inactivated by Wnt antagonists in most cancers and IGFBP-4 is an antagonist of the Wnt/ β-catenin signaling pathway. However, the function of IGFBP-4 is not currently understood in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). We initially found that the expression of IGFBP-4 was significantly lower in primary RCC and higher in metastatic RCC compared to normal human kidney tissues. To assess the function of IGFBP4, we established IGFBP4 transfectants (primary renal cancer cell line) and performed functional analyses including Tcf reporter assays, cell viability, invasive capability, mortality, and in vivo tumor growth. Interestingly IGFBP-4 transfectants promoted cell growth (in vitro and in vivo), invasion, and motility in primary renal cancer. Tcf transcriptional activity was significantly increased in IGFBP-4 transfectants compared to mock cells and β-catenin expression was increased. Also the β-catenin downstream effector, MT1-MMP showed increased expression in IGFBP4 transfectants. Additionally IGFBP4 induced the expression of M-CAM, a marker of tumor progression. In order to assess the role of IGFBP4 in metastatic renal cancer, IGFBP-4 mRNA in a metastatic renal cancer cell lines (ACHN) was knocked-down using a siRNA technique. The cell growth and motility was decreased in si-IGFBP4 transfected ACHN cells compared to cells transfected with control siRNA. Tcf activity in ACHN cells was also decreased with si-IGFBP-4 transfection. This is a first report documenting that IGFBP-4 expression in RCC activates cell growth, metastasis, Wnt/beta-catenin signaling and may be involved in RCC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Ueno
- Department of Urology, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA94121, USA
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8
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Chen Y, Pacyna-Gengelbach M, Ye F, Knösel T, Lund P, Deutschmann N, Schlüns K, Kotb WFMA, Sers C, Yasumoto H, Usui T, Petersen I. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-related protein 1 (IGFBP-rP1) has potential tumour-suppressive activity in human lung cancer. J Pathol 2007; 211:431-8. [PMID: 17236181 DOI: 10.1002/path.2132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The expression of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-related protein 1 (IGFBP-rP1) is decreased in various tumours, but the role of IGFBP-rP1 in lung cancer is not yet clear. In this study, IGFBP-rP1 expression in lung cancer cell lines was evaluated and reduced expression of IGFBP-rP1 was found. In tissue microarrays containing 138 primary tumours and 20 normal lung tissues analysed by immunohistochemistry, 58 tumours (42%) exhibited no expression of IGFBP-rP1, while all 20 normal lung tissues showed high expression. In squamous cell lung cancer, low expression of IGFBP-rP1 was significantly linked to high-grade tumours. Treatment with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine restored the expression of IGFBP-rP1 in three of four lung cancer cell lines. Sequencing of PCR products of sodium bisulphite-treated genomic DNA from the three lung cancer cell lines revealed a heterogeneous methylation pattern in the region of exon 1 and intron 1. Stable transfection of IGFBP-rP1 full-length cDNA into the H2170 lung cancer cell line led to increased expression of IGFBP-rP1 protein. IGFBP-rP1-positive transfectants exhibited remarkably reduced colony-forming ability in soft agar, suppression of tumour growth rate in nude mice, and increased apoptotic cell number as well as activated caspase-3 expression level. The data suggest that IGFBP-rP1 is a tumour suppressor inactivated by DNA methylation in human lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Chen
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Charité, Schumannstr 20-21, D-10098 Berlin, Germany
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Beattie J, Allan GJ, Lochrie JD, Flint DJ. Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-5 (IGFBP-5): a critical member of the IGF axis. Biochem J 2006; 395:1-19. [PMID: 16526944 PMCID: PMC1409685 DOI: 10.1042/bj20060086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2006] [Accepted: 01/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The six members of the insulin-like growth factor-binding protein family (IGFBP-1-6) are important components of the IGF (insulin-like growth factor) axis. In this capacity, they serve to regulate the activity of both IGF-I and -II polypeptide growth factors. The IGFBPs are able to enhance or inhibit the activity of IGFs in a cell- and tissue-specific manner. One of these proteins, IGFBP-5, also has an important role in controlling cell survival, differentiation and apoptosis. In this review, we report on the structural and functional features of the protein which are important for these effects. We also examine the regulation of IGFBP-5 expression and comment on its potential role in tumour biology, with special reference to work with breast cancer cells.
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Key Words
- extracellular matrix (ecm)
- glycosaminoglycan
- insulin-like growth factor-i (igf-i)
- insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 5 (igfbp-5)
- mammary gland
- proteolysis
- adam, adisintegrin and metalloprotease
- ap-2, activator protein 2
- cat, chloramphenicol acetyltransferase
- cbp-4, c-terminus of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 4 (residues 151–232)
- c/ebp, ccaat/enhancer-binding protein
- ecm, extracellular matrix
- er, oestrogen receptor
- erk1/2, extracellular-signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2
- fhl-2, four-and-a-half lim domain 2
- gag, glycosaminoglycan
- gh, growth hormone
- igf, insulin-like growth factor
- igfbp, igf-binding protein
- igf-ir, igf-i receptor
- igf-iir, igf-ii receptor
- ir, insulin receptor
- irs, ir substrate
- mapk, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- nbp-4, n-terminus of igfbp-4 (residues 3–82)
- oe2, oestradiol
- op-1, osteogenic protein-1
- opn, osteopontin
- pai-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1
- papp, pregnancy-associated plasma protease
- pge2, prostaglandin e2
- psmc, porcine smooth-muscle cell
- ra, retinoic acid
- rassf1c, isoform c of the ras association family 1 protein group
- rt, reverse transcription
- spr, surface plasmon resonance
- tpa, tissue plasminogen activator
- tsp-1, thrombospondin-1
- vn, vitronectin
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Affiliation(s)
- James Beattie
- Hannah Research Institute, Ayr KA6 5HL, Scotland, UK.
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Diehl D, Lahm H, Wolf E, Bauersachs S. Transcriptome analysis of a human colorectal cancer cell line shows molecular targets of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-4 overexpression. Int J Cancer 2004; 113:588-99. [PMID: 15455346 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.20580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) is expressed commonly in colorectal tumors. IGF-binding protein-4 (IGFBP-4) counteracts the tumor promoting activities of IGF-II by binding this growth factor. We have shown previously that in LS1034 cells, which highly express IGF-II, overexpression of IGFBP-4 led to a strong reduction in proliferation, colony formation and invasive capacity. To investigate the effects of IGFBP-4 at the molecular level we analyzed growth parameters of LS1034 human colon cancer cells vs. cells expressing the murine IGFBP-4 (mIGFBP-4) and used a subtractive cDNA library approach in combination with cDNA array hybridization to detect changes in the mRNA expression profiles. The mRNA levels for several proteins that are known to affect important biological properties of neoplastic cells, such as proteolysis, proliferation and differentiation were altered by overexpression of IGFBP-4. Transcript levels for tumor markers, like the carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule (CEACAM), were reduced by elevated mIGFBP-4. Changes at the mRNA level were confirmed by Western blotting for CST1 (proteolysis or protease inhibitor), COX-2 (cell motility) and CEACAM5 (tumor marker). Furthermore, the effect of mIGFBP-4 on apoptosis was investigated and no increase of apoptosis could be detected in the IGFBP-4 overexpressing LS1034 cells. Our data indicate that IGFBP-4 is involved in the regulation of gene products that are known or supposed to be important for the pathogenesis of colon cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Diehl
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
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11
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Van Doorn J, Cornelissen AJ, Van Buul-Offers SC. Plasma levels of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-4 (IGFBP-4) under normal and pathological conditions. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2001; 54:655-64. [PMID: 11380497 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2265.2001.01248.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-4 (IGFBP-4) belongs to a family of six structurally related IGF-binding proteins that are involved in the modulation of the biological effects of the IGFs. In order to obtain more insight into the clinical significance and regulation of IGFBP-4 in vivo we determined the levels of this protein by a specific radioimmunoassay in the human circulation under normal and various pathological conditions. DESIGN AND PATIENTS Selected human biological fluids and plasma samples from 804 normal healthy males and females, ranging from 0 to 78 years of age, were analysed. In addition, plasma samples from patients with several disorders (i.e. hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, GH-deficiency, acromegaly, cancer, chronic renal failure corticosteroid-treatment) were investigated. MEASUREMENTS A specific RIA for hIGFBP-4 was developed, using a rabbit polyclonal antibody raised against a synthetic peptide containing amino acids 80-103 of the mature hIGFBP-4 sequence. RESULTS In normal individuals circulating IGFBP-4 levels in males did not change with age. For females the values tended to increase slightly in older age. Overall, the mean +/- SD for males and females (189 +/- 83 microg/l and 193 +/- 72 microg/l, respectively) were not different. Normative range values of IGFBP-4 correlated weakly with those of IGF-II (r = 0.31, P < 0.001). Neither hypothyroidism nor hyperthyroidism appeared to influence circulating IGFBP-4 levels since the levels were within the normal range. Both GH status and pharmacological doses of glucocorticoids, as employed in various chronic diseases, did not seriously affect plasma IGFBP-4 either. Under conditions with increased circulating PTH levels, i.e. dialysed adult patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) and subjects with hyperparathyroidism, a weak positive relationship was noted between the plasma contents of IGFBP-4 and PTH. An excess of IGFBP-4 was found in plasma of both nondialysed and dialysed prepubertal growth retarded children with chronic renal failure (CRF) (mean SDS: 10.75 and 5.78, respectively). IGFBP-4 levels were inversely related to glomerular filtration rate. Similar results were obtained for dialysed adults with CRF. In a group of CRF children who had undergone renal transplantation, circulating IGFBP-4 levels were markedly lower (mean SDS: 3.75). There was no evidence for an increased secretion of IGFBP-4 in the circulation of most of the cancer patients with solid tumours. Several children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, however, showed elevated plasma IGFBP-4 levels (mean SDS: 1.27). The presence of IGFBP-4 could also be demonstrated in other human biological fluids. The highest amounts were found in amniotic fluid (391-717 microg/l) and follicular fluid (249-500 microg/l). CONCLUSIONS Measurement of plasma IGFBP-4 has been shown so far to be of minor clinical relevance. However, the results indicate that different concentration gradients between plasma and various other body fluids may exist. Therefore, it may well be that certain pathophysiological stimuli induce significant alterations in the local turnover rate of IGFBP-4 but that they are not reflected by changes in the circulating levels. The possibility of quantifying IGFBP-4 by RIA will facilitate further in vitro and in vivo studies on its regulation and function in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Van Doorn
- Department of Paediatrics, Laboratory of Endocrinology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital/University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Wulbrand U, Remmert G, Zöfel P, Wied M, Arnold R, Fehmann HC. mRNA expression patterns of insulin-like growth factor system components in human neuroendocrine tumours. Eur J Clin Invest 2000; 30:729-39. [PMID: 10964166 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2362.2000.00700.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin-like growth factors (IGF) and their corresponding receptors and binding proteins are important in carcinogenesis for several tumours, but their expression pattern in the functionally and biologically heterogeneous human neuroendocrine tumours of the gastroenteropancreatic tract is largely unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study searched for the mRNA expression patterns of components of the IGF system: IGF-1 and IGF-2, IGF receptors 1 and 2 (IGF-1R, IGF-2R), IGF-binding proteins 1-6 (IGFBP1-6)) in the most frequent human gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (gastrinomas, insulinomas, tumours associated with carcinoid syndrome and functionally inactive tumours) employing reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS In the 37 tumour samples analysed (nine gastrinomas, 10 insulinomas, nine tumours associated with carcinoid syndrome and nine functionally inactive tumours) IGFBP-2 was found in all tumour samples while the IGFBP-1 was expressed only at low frequency (10-22%) among the four tumour types. The IGF-2R was predominantly expressed in gastrinomas. Among the four tumour types the expression of IGF-1R, IGF-2R and IGFBP-6 varied significantly. In addition, 12 pairs of significantly coexpressed IGF system components were detected (IGF-1 <--> IGF-1R, IGF-1 <--> IGF-2R, IGF-1 <--> IGFBP-3, IGF-1 <--> IGFBP-6, IGFBP-3 <--> IGF-1R, IGFBP-6 <--> IGF-1R, IGFBP-1 <--> IGF-2R, IGFBP-3 <--> IGF-2R, IGFBP-5 <--> IGF-2R, IGFBP-3 <--> IGFBP-5, IGFBP-3 <--> IGFBP-6, IGFBP-5 <--> IGFBP-6). CONCLUSIONS The described differences of the expression patterns of the IGF system components in neuroendocrine tumour subtypes suggest tumour type-dependent different pathways in tumour growth control by IGF system components.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Wulbrand
- Department of Internal Medicine, Philipps-University Marburg, Germany.
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Antoine M, Wegmann B, Kiefer P. Envelope and long terminal repeat sequences of an infectious murine leukemia virus from a human SCLC cell line: implications for gene transfer. Virus Genes 1998; 17:157-68. [PMID: 9857989 DOI: 10.1023/a:1008020808314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Development of methods for gene transfer into specific cell types or tissues is important for experimental research as well as clinical therapeutical approaches. We report here the cloning and characterization of the envelope (env) gene and the U3 region of a retrovirus from an infected human Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) cell line. The replication of this murine retrovirus is also fully supported by other lung cancer cell lines of different histological origin. We present evidence that a long terminal repeat (LTR)-beta-galactosidase (beta-Gal) reporter construct performed as well as an analogous cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter beta-Gal construct in the human lung epithelial cell line A549 and in the human larynx carcinoma cell line HEp2.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Blotting, Northern
- Blotting, Southern
- Carcinoma, Small Cell
- Cloning, Molecular
- Gene Transfer Techniques
- Genes, Reporter
- Genes, env/genetics
- Humans
- Leukemia Virus, Murine/genetics
- Leukemia Virus, Murine/physiology
- Lung Neoplasms
- Mice
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Terminal Repeat Sequences/genetics
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Viral Envelope Proteins/chemistry
- Viral Envelope Proteins/genetics
- Virus Replication
- beta-Galactosidase/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- M Antoine
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Medizinische Fakultät, Institut für Hygiene und Mikrobiologie, Abteilung für Med. Mikrobiol. und Virologie, Gebäude, Germany
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Hofmann J, Wegmann B, Hackenberg R, Kunzmann R, Schulz KD, Havemann K. Production of insulin-like growth factor binding proteins by human ovarian carcinoma cells. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 1994; 120:137-42. [PMID: 7505272 DOI: 10.1007/bf01202191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Cells of the human ovarian carcinoma lines EFO-21, EFO-27, MFO-35 and MFO-36 secrete binding proteins for insulin-like growth factors (IGFBPs) into their culture media. By sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and ligand blotting, seven groups of IGFBPs with molecular masses of 25, 30 (doublet), 34, 37, 40, 45, and 50 kDa were observed, depending on the cell line under investigation. By Northern blot analyses using cDNAs or oligonucleotides specific for the six types of IGFBP (IGFBP-1 to IGFBP-6), mRNA for all IGFBPs tested except for IGFBP-1 could be detected in the ovarian carcinoma cell extracts. In detail, analysis of EFO-21 protein products by SDS-PAGE yielded IGFBPs of 25, 34, and 50 kDa; extracts of EFO-21 cells contained mRNAs for IGFBP-2, -3, -4, and -6. EFO-27 cells produced IGFBPs of 40 kDa and 45 kDa as determined by SDS-PAGE, and mRNAs for IGFBP-3, -4, and -6 were detected. In the conditioned medium of MFO-35 cells, IGFBPs of 25, 30 (doublet), 34, 37, 40, and 45 kDa were observed by SDS-PAGE, while mRNAs for the five proteins IGFBP-2 to IGFBP-6 were found. MFO-36 cells produced IGFBPs of 34 kDa and 50 kDa as determined by SDS-PAGE, and the cells expressed mRNAs for IGFBP-2, -3, -4, and -6. In relation to published molecular mass data of the known IGFBPs, the size of the secreted proteins could be correlated to the mRNA patterns expressed by the ovarian carcinoma cells. It is concluded that ovarian carcinoma cells frequently express IGFBP-3, -4, and -6 and, to a lesser extent, IGFBP-2; the expression of IGFBP-5 appears as a rather rare event, while IGFBP-1 was not found to be expressed in ovarian carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hofmann
- Department of Internal Medicine, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
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