1
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Vagnon C, Pomeranz J, Loheac B, Vallat M, Guillard J, Raymond JC, Sentis A, Frossard V. Changes in vertical and horizontal diversities mediated by the size structure of introduced fish collectively shape food-web stability. Ecol Lett 2023; 26:1752-1764. [PMID: 37492003 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Species introductions can alter local food-web structure by changing the vertical or horizontal diversity within communities, largely driven by their body size distributions. Increasing vertical and horizontal diversities is predicted to have opposing effects on stability. However, their interactive effects remain largely overlooked. We investigated the independent and collective effects of vertical and horizontal diversities on food-web stability in alpine lakes stocked with variable body size distributions of introduced fish species. Introduced predators destabilize food-webs by increasing vertical diversity through food chain lengthening. Alternatively, increasing horizontal diversity results in more stable food-web topologies. A non-linear interaction between vertical and horizontal diversities suggests that increasing vertical diversity is most destabilizing when horizontal diversity is low. Our findings suggest that the size structure of introduced predators drives their impacts on stability by modifying the structure of food-webs, and highlights the interactive effects of vertical and horizontal diversities on stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Vagnon
- Université Savoie Mont Blanc, INRAE, UMR CARRTEL, Thonon-les-Bains, France
- Pôle R&D Ecosystèmes Lacustres (ECLA), OFB-INRAE-USMB, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | | | - Bertrand Loheac
- Fédération de Savoie pour la Pêche et la Protection du Milieu Aquatique (FDPPMA 73), Saint-Alban-Leysse, France
| | - Manuel Vallat
- Fédération de Savoie pour la Pêche et la Protection du Milieu Aquatique (FDPPMA 73), Saint-Alban-Leysse, France
| | - Jean Guillard
- Université Savoie Mont Blanc, INRAE, UMR CARRTEL, Thonon-les-Bains, France
- Pôle R&D Ecosystèmes Lacustres (ECLA), OFB-INRAE-USMB, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Jean-Claude Raymond
- Pôle R&D Ecosystèmes Lacustres (ECLA), OFB-INRAE-USMB, Aix-en-Provence, France
- Office Française pour la Biodiversité, Unité Spécialisée Milieux Lacustres, Thonon-les-Bains, France
| | - Arnaud Sentis
- Pôle R&D Ecosystèmes Lacustres (ECLA), OFB-INRAE-USMB, Aix-en-Provence, France
- INRAE, Université Aix Marseille, UMR RECOVER, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Victor Frossard
- Université Savoie Mont Blanc, INRAE, UMR CARRTEL, Thonon-les-Bains, France
- Pôle R&D Ecosystèmes Lacustres (ECLA), OFB-INRAE-USMB, Aix-en-Provence, France
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2
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Mestre F, Rozenfeld A, Araújo MB. Human disturbances affect the topology of food webs. Ecol Lett 2022; 25:2476-2488. [PMID: 36167463 PMCID: PMC9828725 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Networks describe nodes connected by links, with numbers of links per node, the degree, forming a range of distributions including random and scale-free. How network topologies emerge in natural systems still puzzles scientists. Based on previous theoretical simulations, we predict that scale-free food webs are favourably selected by random disturbances while random food webs are selected by targeted disturbances. We assume that lower human pressures are more likely associated with random disturbances, whereas higher pressures are associated with targeted ones. We examine these predictions using 351 empirical food webs, generally confirming our predictions. Should the topology of food webs respond to changes in the magnitude of disturbances in a predictable fashion, consistently across ecosystems and scales of organisation, it would provide a baseline expectation to understand and predict the consequences of human pressures on ecosystem dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederico Mestre
- ‘Rui Nabeiro’ Biodiversity Chair, MED – Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE – Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Institute for Advanced Studies and ResearchUniversidade de ÉvoraÉvoraPortugal
| | - Alejandro Rozenfeld
- ‘Rui Nabeiro’ Biodiversity Chair, MED – Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE – Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Institute for Advanced Studies and ResearchUniversidade de ÉvoraÉvoraPortugal,Centro de Investigaciones en Física e Ingeniería del CentroUniversidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y TécnicasTandilBuenos AiresArgentina,CONICET‐CIFICEN‐Universidad del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos AiresTandilBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Miguel B. Araújo
- ‘Rui Nabeiro’ Biodiversity Chair, MED – Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE – Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Institute for Advanced Studies and ResearchUniversidade de ÉvoraÉvoraPortugal,Department of Biogeography and Global Change, National Museum of Natural SciencesCSICMadridSpain
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3
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Woodward G, Morris O, Barquín J, Belgrano A, Bull C, de Eyto E, Friberg N, Guðbergsson G, Layer-Dobra K, Lauridsen RB, Lewis HM, McGinnity P, Pawar S, Rosindell J, O’Gorman EJ. Using Food Webs and Metabolic Theory to Monitor, Model, and Manage Atlantic Salmon—A Keystone Species Under Threat. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.675261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Populations of Atlantic salmon are crashing across most of its natural range: understanding the underlying causes and predicting these collapses in time to intervene effectively are urgent ecological and socioeconomic priorities. Current management techniques rely on phenomenological analyses of demographic population time-series and thus lack a mechanistic understanding of how and why populations may be declining. New multidisciplinary approaches are thus needed to capitalize on the long-term, large-scale population data that are currently scattered across various repositories in multiple countries, as well as marshaling additional data to understand the constraints on the life cycle and how salmon operate within the wider food web. Here, we explore how we might combine data and theory to develop the mechanistic models that we need to predict and manage responses to future change. Although we focus on Atlantic salmon—given the huge data resources that already exist for this species—the general principles developed here could be applied and extended to many other species and ecosystems.
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4
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Vagnon C, Cattanéo F, Goulon C, Grimardias D, Guillard J, Frossard V. An allometric niche model for species interactions in temperate freshwater ecosystems. Ecosphere 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Vagnon
- Univ. Savoie Mont‐Blanc INRAE, CARRTEL Thonon‐les‐Bains74200France
| | | | - Chloé Goulon
- Univ. Savoie Mont‐Blanc INRAE, CARRTEL Thonon‐les‐Bains74200France
| | | | - Jean Guillard
- Univ. Savoie Mont‐Blanc INRAE, CARRTEL Thonon‐les‐Bains74200France
| | - Victor Frossard
- Univ. Savoie Mont‐Blanc INRAE, CARRTEL Thonon‐les‐Bains74200France
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5
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McLeod AM, Leroux SJ, Chu C. Effects of species traits, motif profiles, and environment on spatial variation in multi‐trophic antagonistic networks. Ecosphere 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anne M. McLeod
- Department of Biology Memorial University of Newfoundland St. John's Newfoundland and Labrador A1B 3X9 Canada
| | - Shawn J. Leroux
- Department of Biology Memorial University of Newfoundland St. John's Newfoundland and Labrador A1B 3X9 Canada
| | - Cindy Chu
- Aquatic Research and Monitoring Section Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources & Forestry Peterborough Ontario K9L 1Z8 Canada
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6
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Mapping Micro-Pollutants and Their Impacts on the Size Structure of Streambed Communities. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w11122610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Recently there has been increasing concern over the vast array of emerging organic contaminants (EOCs) detected in streams and rivers worldwide. Understanding of the ecological implications of these compounds is limited to local scale case studies, partly as a result of technical limitations and a lack of integrative analyses. Here, we apply state-of-the-art instrumentation to analyze a complex suite of EOCs in the streambed of 30 UK streams and their effect on streambed communities. We apply the abundance–body mass (N–M) relationship approach as an integrative metric of the deviation of natural communities from reference status as a result of EOC pollution. Our analysis includes information regarding the N and M for individual prokaryotes, unicellular flagellates and ciliates, meiofauna, and macroinvertebrates. We detect a strong significant dependence of the N–M relationship coefficients with the presence of EOCs in the system, to the point of shielding the effect of other important environmental factors such as temperature, pH, and productivity. However, contrary to other stressors, EOC pollution showed a positive effect on the N–M coefficient in our work. This phenomenon can be largely explained by the increase in large-size tolerant taxa under polluted conditions. We discuss the potential implications of these results in relation to bioaccumulation and biomagnification processes. Our findings shed light on the impact of EOCs on the organization and ecology of the whole streambed community for the first time.
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7
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Pomeranz JPF, Thompson RM, Poisot T, Harding JS. Inferring predator–prey interactions in food webs. Methods Ecol Evol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ross M. Thompson
- Institute for Applied Ecology University of Canberra Bruce ACT Australia
| | - Timothée Poisot
- Département de Sciences Biologiques Université de Montréal Montréal QC Canada
| | - Jon S. Harding
- School of Biological Sciences University of Canterbury Christchurch New Zealand
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8
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Perkins DM, Durance I, Edwards FK, Grey J, Hildrew AG, Jackson M, Jones JI, Lauridsen RB, Layer-Dobra K, Thompson MSA, Woodward G. Bending the rules: exploitation of allochthonous resources by a top-predator modifies size-abundance scaling in stream food webs. Ecol Lett 2018; 21:1771-1780. [PMID: 30257275 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Body mass-abundance (M-N) allometries provide a key measure of community structure, and deviations from scaling predictions could reveal how cross-ecosystem subsidies alter food webs. For 31 streams across the UK, we tested the hypothesis that linear log-log M-N scaling is shallower than that predicted by allometric scaling theory when top predators have access to allochthonous prey. These streams all contained a common and widespread top predator (brown trout) that regularly feeds on terrestrial prey and, as hypothesised, deviations from predicted scaling increased with its dominance of the fish assemblage. Our study identifies a key beneficiary of cross-ecosystem subsidies at the top of stream food webs and elucidates how these inputs can reshape the size-structure of these 'open' systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Perkins
- Department of Life Sciences, Whitelands College, University of Roehampton, London, SW15 4JD, UK
| | - Isabelle Durance
- Cardiff Water Research Institute, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, PO Box 915, Cardiff, CF10 3TL, UK
| | - Francois K Edwards
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK.,Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Jonathan Grey
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK.,Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Alan G Hildrew
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK.,Freshwater Biological Association, The Ferry Landing, Far Sawrey, Ambleside, Cumbria, LA22 OLP, UK
| | - Michelle Jackson
- Grand Challenges in Ecosystems and the Environment, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Berkshire, SL5 7PY, UK
| | - J Iwan Jones
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK.,Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Rasmus B Lauridsen
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK.,Game & Wildlife Conservation Trust, Burgate Manor, Fordingbridge, Hampshire, SP6 1EF, UK
| | - Katrin Layer-Dobra
- Grand Challenges in Ecosystems and the Environment, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Berkshire, SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Murray S A Thompson
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk, NR33 0HT, UK
| | - Guy Woodward
- Grand Challenges in Ecosystems and the Environment, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Berkshire, SL5 7PY, UK
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9
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Ma A, Bohan DA, Canard E, Derocles SA, Gray C, Lu X, Macfadyen S, Romero GQ, Kratina P. A Replicated Network Approach to ‘Big Data’ in Ecology. ADV ECOL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aecr.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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10
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Pearson CE, Symondson WOC, Clare EL, Ormerod SJ, Iparraguirre Bolaños E, Vaughan IP. The effects of pastoral intensification on the feeding interactions of generalist predators in streams. Mol Ecol 2017; 27:590-602. [PMID: 29219224 PMCID: PMC5887918 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Land‐use change can alter trophic interactions with wide‐ranging functional consequences, yet the consequences for aquatic food webs have been little studied. In part, this may reflect the challenges of resolving the diets of aquatic organisms using classical gut contents analysis, especially for soft‐bodied prey. We used next‐generation sequencing to resolve prey use in nearly 400 individuals of two predatory invertebrates (the Caddisfly, Rhyacophila dorsalis, and the Stonefly Dinocras cephalotes) in streams draining land with increasingly intensive livestock farming. Rhyacophila dorsalis occurred in all streams, whereas D. cephalotes was restricted to low intensities, allowing us to test whether: (i) apparent sensitivity to agriculture in the latter species reflects a more specialized diet and (ii) diet in R. dorsalis varied between sites with and without D. cephalotes. DNA was extracted from dissected gut contents, amplified without blocking probes and sequenced using Ion Torrent technology. Both predators were generalists, consuming 30 prey taxa with a preference for taxa that were abundant in all streams or that increased with intensification. Where both predators were present, their diets were nearly identical, and R. dorsalis's diet was virtually unchanged in the absence of D. cephalotes. The loss of D. cephalotes from more intensive sites was probably due to physicochemical stressors, such as sedimentation, rather than to dietary specialization, although wider biotic factors (e.g., competition with other predatory taxa) could not be excluded. This study provides a uniquely detailed description of predator diets along a land‐use intensity gradient, offering new insights into how anthropogenic stressors affect stream communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Pearson
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - W O C Symondson
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - E L Clare
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University, London, UK
| | - S J Ormerod
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - E Iparraguirre Bolaños
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.,Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, Bilbao, Spain
| | - I P Vaughan
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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11
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Thompson MSA, Brooks SJ, Sayer CD, Woodward G, Axmacher JC, Perkins DM, Gray C. Large woody debris “rewilding” rapidly restores biodiversity in riverine food webs. J Appl Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Murray S. A. Thompson
- Department of Life Sciences; Natural History Museum; London UK
- Environmental Change Research Centre (ECRC); Department of Geography; University College London; London UK
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science; Lowestoft Laboratory; Suffolk UK
| | | | - Carl D. Sayer
- Environmental Change Research Centre (ECRC); Department of Geography; University College London; London UK
| | - Guy Woodward
- Department of Life Sciences; Imperial College London; Ascot Berkshire UK
| | - Jan C. Axmacher
- Environmental Change Research Centre (ECRC); Department of Geography; University College London; London UK
| | - Daniel M. Perkins
- Department of Life Sciences; Whitelands College; University of Roehampton; London UK
| | - Clare Gray
- Department of Life Sciences; Imperial College London; Ascot Berkshire UK
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12
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Jonsson T. Metabolic theory predicts animal self‐thinning. J Anim Ecol 2017; 86:645-653. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Jonsson
- Department of Ecology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Box 7044 SE‐750 07 Uppsala Sweden
- Ecological Modeling Group School of Bioscience University of Skövde Box 408 SE‐541 28 Skövde Sweden
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13
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Jackson M, Wasserman R, Grey J, Ricciardi A, Dick J, Alexander M. Novel and Disrupted Trophic Links Following Invasion in Freshwater Ecosystems. ADV ECOL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aecr.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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14
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Woodward G, Bonada N, Brown LE, Death RG, Durance I, Gray C, Hladyz S, Ledger ME, Milner AM, Ormerod SJ, Thompson RM, Pawar S. The effects of climatic fluctuations and extreme events on running water ecosystems. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2016; 371:20150274. [PMID: 27114576 PMCID: PMC4843695 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2015.0274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Most research on the effects of environmental change in freshwaters has focused on incremental changes in average conditions, rather than fluctuations or extreme events such as heatwaves, cold snaps, droughts, floods or wildfires, which may have even more profound consequences. Such events are commonly predicted to increase in frequency, intensity and duration with global climate change, with many systems being exposed to conditions with no recent historical precedent. We propose a mechanistic framework for predicting potential impacts of environmental fluctuations on running-water ecosystems by scaling up effects of fluctuations from individuals to entire ecosystems. This framework requires integration of four key components: effects of the environment on individual metabolism, metabolic and biomechanical constraints on fluctuating species interactions, assembly dynamics of local food webs, and mapping the dynamics of the meta-community onto ecosystem function. We illustrate the framework by developing a mathematical model of environmental fluctuations on dynamically assembling food webs. We highlight (currently limited) empirical evidence for emerging insights and theoretical predictions. For example, widely supported predictions about the effects of environmental fluctuations are: high vulnerability of species with high per capita metabolic demands such as large-bodied ones at the top of food webs; simplification of food web network structure and impaired energetic transfer efficiency; and reduced resilience and top-down relative to bottom-up regulation of food web and ecosystem processes. We conclude by identifying key questions and challenges that need to be addressed to develop more accurate and predictive bio-assessments of the effects of fluctuations, and implications of fluctuations for management practices in an increasingly uncertain world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Woodward
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Núria Bonada
- Group de Recerca Freshwater Ecology and Management (FEM), Departament d'Ecologia, Facultat de Biologia, Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Diagonal 643, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08028, Spain
| | - Lee E Brown
- School of Geography and Water, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Russell G Death
- Institute of Agriculture and Environment-Ecology, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Isabelle Durance
- Water Research Institute and Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Clare Gray
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, UK School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Sally Hladyz
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Mark E Ledger
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Alexander M Milner
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
| | - Steve J Ormerod
- Water Research Institute and Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Ross M Thompson
- Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Samraat Pawar
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, UK
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15
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Gray C, Hildrew A, Lu X, Ma A, McElroy D, Monteith D, O’Gorman E, Shilland E, Woodward G. Recovery and Nonrecovery of Freshwater Food Webs from the Effects of Acidification. ADV ECOL RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aecr.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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16
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Vacher C, Tamaddoni-Nezhad A, Kamenova S, Peyrard N, Moalic Y, Sabbadin R, Schwaller L, Chiquet J, Smith MA, Vallance J, Fievet V, Jakuschkin B, Bohan DA. Learning Ecological Networks from Next-Generation Sequencing Data. ADV ECOL RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aecr.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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17
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18
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Joining the dots: An automated method for constructing food webs from compendia of published interactions. FOOD WEBS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fooweb.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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19
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Calizza E, Costantini ML, Rossi L. Effect of multiple disturbances on food web vulnerability to biodiversity loss in detritus-based systems. Ecosphere 2015. [DOI: 10.1890/es14-00489.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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20
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Macroecological Patterns of Resilience Inferred from a Multinational, Synchronized Experiment. SUSTAINABILITY 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/su7021142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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21
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22
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Gray C, Baird DJ, Baumgartner S, Jacob U, Jenkins GB, O'Gorman EJ, Lu X, Ma A, Pocock MJO, Schuwirth N, Thompson M, Woodward G. FORUM: Ecological networks: the missing links in biomonitoring science. J Appl Ecol 2014; 51:1444-1449. [PMID: 25558087 PMCID: PMC4278451 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Monitoring anthropogenic impacts is essential for managing and conserving ecosystems, yet current biomonitoring approaches lack the tools required to deal with the effects of stressors on species and their interactions in complex natural systems. Ecological networks (trophic or mutualistic) can offer new insights into ecosystem degradation, adding value to current taxonomically constrained schemes. We highlight some examples to show how new network approaches can be used to interpret ecological responses. Synthesis and applications. Augmenting routine biomonitoring data with interaction data derived from the literature, complemented with ground‐truthed data from direct observations where feasible, allows us to begin to characterise large numbers of ecological networks across environmental gradients. This process can be accelerated by adopting emerging technologies and novel analytical approaches, enabling biomonitoring to move beyond simple pass/fail schemes and to address the many ecological responses that can only be understood from a network‐based perspective.
Augmenting routine biomonitoring data with interaction data derived from the literature, complemented with ground‐truthed data from direct observations where feasible, allows us to begin to characterise large numbers of ecological networks across environmental gradients. This process can be accelerated by adopting emerging technologies and novel analytical approaches, enabling biomonitoring to move beyond simple pass/fail schemes and to address the many ecological responses that can only be understood from a network‐based perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Gray
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London London, E1 4NS, UK ; Department of Life Sciences, Silwood Park, Imperial College London Buckhurst Road, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Donald J Baird
- Department of Biology, Environment Canada @ Canadian Rivers Institute, University of New Brunswick 10 Bailey Drive, P.O. Box 4400, Fredericton, NB, E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Simone Baumgartner
- Eawag-Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Ute Jacob
- Institute for Hydrobiology and Fisheries Science, University of Hamburg Grosse Elbstrasse 133, 22767 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gareth B Jenkins
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Eoin J O'Gorman
- Department of Life Sciences, Silwood Park, Imperial College London Buckhurst Road, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Xueke Lu
- School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Athen Ma
- School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Michael J O Pocock
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Nele Schuwirth
- Eawag-Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Murray Thompson
- Department of Life Sciences, Silwood Park, Imperial College London Buckhurst Road, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Guy Woodward
- Department of Life Sciences, Silwood Park, Imperial College London Buckhurst Road, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 7PY, UK
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Brown LE, Johnston K, Palmer SM, Aspray KL, Holden J. River ecosystem response to prescribed vegetation burning on Blanket Peatland. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81023. [PMID: 24278367 PMCID: PMC3836983 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Catchment-scale land-use change is recognised as a major threat to aquatic biodiversity and ecosystem functioning globally. In the UK uplands rotational vegetation burning is practised widely to boost production of recreational game birds, and while some recent studies have suggested burning can alter river water quality there has been minimal attention paid to effects on aquatic biota. We studied ten rivers across the north of England between March 2010 and October 2011, five of which drained burned catchments and five from unburned catchments. There were significant effects of burning, season and their interaction on river macroinvertebrate communities, with rivers draining burned catchments having significantly lower taxonomic richness and Simpson’s diversity. ANOSIM revealed a significant effect of burning on macroinvertebrate community composition, with typically reduced Ephemeroptera abundance and diversity and greater abundance of Chironomidae and Nemouridae. Grazer and collector-gatherer feeding groups were also significantly less abundant in rivers draining burned catchments. These biotic changes were associated with lower pH and higher Si, Mn, Fe and Al in burned systems. Vegetation burning on peatland therefore has effects beyond the terrestrial part of the system where the management intervention is being practiced. Similar responses of river macroinvertebrate communities have been observed in peatlands disturbed by forestry activity across northern Europe. Finally we found river ecosystem changes similar to those observed in studies of wild and prescribed forest fires across North America and South Africa, illustrating some potentially generic effects of fire on aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee E. Brown
- School of Geography and water@leeds, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Kerrylyn Johnston
- School of Geography and water@leeds, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Sheila M. Palmer
- School of Geography and water@leeds, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Katie L. Aspray
- School of Geography and water@leeds, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Holden
- School of Geography and water@leeds, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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Göthe E, Angeler DG, Gottschalk S, Löfgren S, Sandin L. The influence of environmental, biotic and spatial factors on diatom metacommunity structure in Swedish headwater streams. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72237. [PMID: 23967290 PMCID: PMC3744466 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Stream assemblages are structured by a combination of local (environmental filtering and biotic interactions) and regional factors (e.g., dispersal related processes). The relative importance of environmental and spatial (i.e., regional) factors structuring stream assemblages has been frequently assessed in previous large-scale studies, but biotic predictors (potentially reflecting local biotic interactions) have rarely been included. Diatoms may be useful for studying the effect of trophic interactions on community structure since: (1) a majority of experimental studies shows significant grazing effects on diatom species composition, and (2) assemblages can be divided into guilds that have different susceptibility to grazing. We used a dataset from boreal headwater streams in south-central Sweden (covering a spatial extent of ∼14000 km2), which included information about diatom taxonomic composition, abundance of invertebrate grazers (biotic factor), environmental (physicochemical) and spatial factors (obtained through spatial eigenfunction analyses). We assessed the relative importance of environmental, biotic, and spatial factors structuring diatom assemblages, and performed separate analyses on different diatom guilds. Our results showed that the diatom assemblages were mainly structured by environmental factors. However, unique spatial and biological gradients, specific to different guilds and unrelated to each other, were also evident. We conclude that biological predictors, in combination with environmental and spatial variables, can reveal a more complete picture of the local vs. regional control of species assemblages in lotic environments. Biotic factors should therefore not be overlooked in applied research since they can capture additional local control and therefore increase accuracy and performance of predictive models. The inclusion of biotic predictors did, however, not significantly influence the unique fraction explained by spatial factors, which suggests low bias in previous assessments of unique regional control of stream assemblages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Göthe
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Clitherow LR, Carrivick JL, Brown LE. Food web structure in a harsh glacier-fed river. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60899. [PMID: 23613751 PMCID: PMC3626691 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glacier retreat is occurring across the world, and associated river ecosystems are expected to respond more rapidly than those in flowing waters in other regions. The river environment directly downstream of a glacier snout is characterised by extreme low water temperature and unstable channel sediments but these habitats may become rarer with widespread glacier retreat. In these extreme environments food web dynamics have been little studied, yet they could offer opportunities to test food web theories using highly resolved food webs owing to their low taxonomic richness. This study examined the interactions of macroinvertebrate and diatom taxa in the Ödenwinkelkees river, Austrian central Alps between 2006 and 2011. The webs were characterised by low taxon richness (13-22), highly connected individuals (directed connectance up to 0.19) and short mean food chain length (2.00-2.36). The dominant macroinvertebrates were members of the Chironomidae genus Diamesa and had an omnivorous diet rich in detritus and diatoms as well as other Chironomidae. Simuliidae (typically detritivorous filterers) had a diet rich in diatoms but also showed evidence of predation on Chironomidae larvae. Food webs showed strong species-averaged and individual size structuring but mass-abundance scaling coefficients were larger than those predicted by metabolic theory, perhaps due to a combination of spatial averaging effects of patchily distributed consumers and resources, and/or consumers deriving unquantified resources from microorganisms attached to the large amounts of ingested rock fragments. Comparison of food web structural metrics with those from 62 published river webs suggest these glacier-fed river food web properties were extreme but in line with general food web scaling predictions, a finding which could prove useful to forecast the effects of anticipated future glacier retreat on the structure of aquatic food webs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie R. Clitherow
- Faculty of Biological Science/water@leeds, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | | | - Lee E. Brown
- School of Geography/water@leeds, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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Woodward G, Brown LE, Edwards FK, Hudson LN, Milner AM, Reuman DC, Ledger ME. Climate change impacts in multispecies systems: drought alters food web size structure in a field experiment. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2013; 367:2990-7. [PMID: 23007087 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2012.0245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental data from intergenerational field manipulations of entire food webs are scarce, yet such approaches are essential for gauging impacts of environmental change in natural systems. We imposed 2 years of intermittent drought on stream channels in a replicated field trial, to measure food web responses to simulated climate change. Drought triggered widespread losses of species and links, with larger taxa and those that were rare for their size, many of which were predatory, being especially vulnerable. Many network properties, including size-scaling relationships within food chains, changed in response to drought. Other properties, such as connectance, were unaffected. These findings highlight the need for detailed experimental data from different organizational levels, from pairwise links to the entire food web. The loss of not only large species, but also those that were rare for their size, provides a newly refined way to gauge likely impacts that may be applied more generally to other systems and/or impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Woodward
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK.
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Jenkins GB, Woodward G, Hildrew AG. Long-term amelioration of acidity accelerates decomposition in headwater streams. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2013; 19:1100-1106. [PMID: 23504887 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The secondary production of culturally acidified streams is low, with a few species of generalist detritivores dominating invertebrate assemblages, while decomposition processes are impaired. In a series of lowland headwater streams in southern England, we measured the rate of cellulolytic decomposition and compared it with values measured three decades ago, when anthropogenic acidification was at its peak. We hypothesized that, if acidity has indeed ameliorated, the rate of decomposition will have accelerated, thus potentially supporting greater secondary production and the longer food chains that have been observed in some well-studied recovering freshwater systems. We used cellulose Shirley test cloth as a standardized bioassay to measure the rate of cellulolytic decomposition, via loss in tensile strength, for 31 streams in the Ashdown Forest over 7 days in summer 2011 and 49 days in winter 2012. We compared this with data from an otherwise identical study conducted in 1978 and 1979. In a secondary study, we determined whether decomposition followed a linear or logarithmic decay and, as Shirley cloth is no longer available, we tested an alternative in the form of readily available calico. Overall mean pH had increased markedly over the 32 years between the studies (from 6.0 to 6.7). In both the previous and contemporary studies, the relationship between decomposition and pH was strongest in winter, when pH reaches a seasonal minimum. As in the late 1970s, there was no relationship in 2011/2012 between pH and decay rate in summer. As postulated, decomposition in winter was significantly faster in 2011/2012 than in 1978/1979, with an average increase in decay rate of 18.1%. Recovery from acidification, due to decreased acidifying emissions and deposition, has led to an increase in the rate of cellulolytic decomposition. This response in a critical ecosystem process offers a potential explanation of one aspect of the limited biological recovery that has been observed so far, an increase in larger bodied predators including fish, which in turn leads to an increase in the length of food chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth B Jenkins
- School of Biological & Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Stewart RI, Dossena M, Bohan DA, Jeppesen E, Kordas RL, Ledger ME, Meerhoff M, Moss B, Mulder C, Shurin JB, Suttle B, Thompson R, Trimmer M, Woodward G. Mesocosm Experiments as a Tool for Ecological Climate-Change Research. ADV ECOL RES 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-417199-2.00002-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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Bohan DA, Raybould A, Mulder C, Woodward G, Tamaddoni-Nezhad A, Bluthgen N, Pocock MJ, Muggleton S, Evans DM, Astegiano J, Massol F, Loeuille N, Petit S, Macfadyen S. Networking Agroecology. ADV ECOL RES 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-420002-9.00001-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Ledger ME, Brown LE, Edwards FK, Hudson LN, Milner AM, Woodward G. Extreme Climatic Events Alter Aquatic Food Webs. ADV ECOL RES 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-417199-2.00006-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Tamaddoni-Nezhad A, Milani GA, Raybould A, Muggleton S, Bohan DA. Construction and Validation of Food Webs Using Logic-Based Machine Learning and Text Mining. ADV ECOL RES 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-420002-9.00004-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Traugott M, Kamenova S, Ruess L, Seeber J, Plantegenest M. Empirically Characterising Trophic Networks. ADV ECOL RES 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-420002-9.00003-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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Habitat Isolation Reduces the Temporal Stability of Island Ecosystems in the Face of Flood Disturbance. ADV ECOL RES 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-417199-2.00004-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Hudson LN, Emerson R, Jenkins GB, Layer K, Ledger ME, Pichler DE, Thompson MSA, O'Gorman EJ, Woodward G, Reuman DC. Cheddar: analysis and visualisation of ecological communities in R. Methods Ecol Evol 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.12005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence N. Hudson
- Division of Ecology and Evolution Imperial College London Silwood Park, Buckhurst Road Ascot BerkshireSL5 7PYUK
| | - Rob Emerson
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences Queen Mary University of London London E1 4NSUK
| | - Gareth B. Jenkins
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences Queen Mary University of London London E1 4NSUK
| | - Katrin Layer
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences Queen Mary University of London London E1 4NSUK
| | - Mark E. Ledger
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Birmingham Edgbaston BirminghamB15 2TTUK
| | - Doris E. Pichler
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences Queen Mary University of London London E1 4NSUK
| | - Murray S. A. Thompson
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences Queen Mary University of London London E1 4NSUK
- Natural History Museum Entomology Department London SW7 5BDUK
| | - Eoin J. O'Gorman
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences Queen Mary University of London London E1 4NSUK
| | - Guy Woodward
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences Queen Mary University of London London E1 4NSUK
| | - Daniel C. Reuman
- Division of Ecology and Evolution Imperial College London Silwood Park, Buckhurst Road Ascot BerkshireSL5 7PYUK
- Laboratory of Populations Rockefeller University 1230 York Ave New York NY10065USA
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36
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Grazing and detritivory in 20 stream food webs across a broad pH gradient. Oecologia 2012; 171:459-71. [PMID: 22996363 PMCID: PMC3548098 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-012-2421-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Acidity is a major driving variable in the ecology of fresh waters, and we sought to quantify macroecological patterns in stream food webs across a wide pH gradient. We postulated that a few generalist herbivore-detritivores would dominate the invertebrate assemblage at low pH, with more specialists grazers at high pH. We also expected a switch towards algae in the diet of all primary consumers as the pH increased. For 20 stream food webs across the British Isles, spanning pH 5.0–8.4 (the acid sites being at least partially culturally acidified), we characterised basal resources and primary consumers, using both gut contents analysis and stable isotopes to study resource use by the latter. We found considerable species turnover across the pH gradient, with generalist herbivore-detritivores dominating the primary consumer assemblage at low pH and maintaining grazing. These were joined or replaced at higher pH by a suite of specialist grazers, while many taxa that persisted across the pH gradient broadened the range of algae consumed as acidity declined and increased their ingestion of biofilm, whose nutritional quality was higher than that of coarse detritus. There was thus an increased overall reliance on algae at higher pH, both by generalist herbivore-detritivores and due to the presence of specialist grazers, although detritus was important even in non-acidic streams. Both the ability of acid-tolerant, herbivore-detritivores to exploit both autochthonous and allochthonous food and the low nutritional value of basal resources might render chemically recovering systems resistant to invasion by the specialist grazers and help explain the sluggish ecological recovery of fresh waters whose water chemistry has ameliorated.
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Jacob U, Woodward G. Preface. ADV ECOL RES 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-396992-7.09986-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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O'Gorman EJ, Pichler DE, Adams G, Benstead JP, Cohen H, Craig N, Cross WF, Demars BO, Friberg N, Gíslason GM, Gudmundsdóttir R, Hawczak A, Hood JM, Hudson LN, Johansson L, Johansson MP, Junker JR, Laurila A, Manson JR, Mavromati E, Nelson D, Ólafsson JS, Perkins DM, Petchey OL, Plebani M, Reuman DC, Rall BC, Stewart R, Thompson MS, Woodward G. Impacts of Warming on the Structure and Functioning of Aquatic Communities. ADV ECOL RES 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-398315-2.00002-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Hagen M, Kissling WD, Rasmussen C, De Aguiar MA, Brown LE, Carstensen DW, Alves-Dos-Santos I, Dupont YL, Edwards FK, Genini J, Guimarães PR, Jenkins GB, Jordano P, Kaiser-Bunbury CN, Ledger ME, Maia KP, Marquitti FMD, Mclaughlin Ó, Morellato LPC, O'Gorman EJ, Trøjelsgaard K, Tylianakis JM, Vidal MM, Woodward G, Olesen JM. Biodiversity, Species Interactions and Ecological Networks in a Fragmented World. ADV ECOL RES 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-396992-7.00002-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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Mulder C, Boit A, Mori S, Vonk JA, Dyer SD, Faggiano L, Geisen S, González AL, Kaspari M, Lavorel S, Marquet PA, Rossberg AG, Sterner RW, Voigt W, Wall DH. Distributional (In)Congruence of Biodiversity–Ecosystem Functioning. ADV ECOL RES 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-396992-7.00001-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Jeppesen E, Søndergaard M, Lauridsen TL, Davidson TA, Liu Z, Mazzeo N, Trochine C, Özkan K, Jensen HS, Trolle D, Starling F, Lazzaro X, Johansson LS, Bjerring R, Liboriussen L, Larsen SE, Landkildehus F, Egemose S, Meerhoff M. Biomanipulation as a Restoration Tool to Combat Eutrophication. ADV ECOL RES 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-398315-2.00006-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Yvon-Durocher G, Reiss J, Blanchard J, Ebenman B, Perkins DM, Reuman DC, Thierry A, Woodward G, Petchey OL. Across ecosystem comparisons of size structure: methods, approaches and prospects. OIKOS 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2010.18863.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Brown LE, Edwards FK, Milner AM, Woodward G, Ledger ME. Food web complexity and allometric scaling relationships in stream mesocosms: implications for experimentation. J Anim Ecol 2011; 80:884-95. [PMID: 21418207 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2011.01814.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
1. Mesocosms are used extensively by ecologists to gain a mechanistic understanding of ecosystems based on the often untested assumption that these systems can replicate the key attributes of natural assemblages. 2. Previous investigations of stream mesocosm utility have explored community composition, but here for the first time, we extend the approach to consider the replicability and realism of food webs in four outdoor channels (4 m(2)). 3. The four food webs were similarly complex, consisting of diverse assemblages (61-71 taxa) with dense feeding interactions (directed connectance 0.09-0.11). Mesocosm food web structural attributes were within the range reported for 82 well-characterized food webs from natural streams and rivers. When compared with 112 additional food webs from standing freshwater, marine, estuarine and terrestrial environments, stream food webs (including mesocosms) had similar characteristic path lengths, but typically lower mean food chain length and exponents for the species-link relationship. 4. Body size (M) abundance (N) allometric scaling coefficients for trivariate taxonomic mesocosm food webs (-0.53 to -0.49) and individual size distributions (-0.60 to -0.58) were consistent and similar to those from natural systems, suggesting that patterns of energy flux between mesocosm consumers and resources were realistic approximations. 5. These results suggest that stream mesocosms of this scale can support replicate food webs with a degree of biocomplexity that is comparable to 'natural' streams. The findings highlight the potential value of mesocosms as model systems for performing experimental manipulations to test ecological theories, at spatiotemporal scales of relevance to natural ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee E Brown
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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