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Mauritsson K, Jonsson T. Author Correction: A new flexible model for maintenance and feeding expenses that improves description of individual growth in insects. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18808. [PMID: 37914733 PMCID: PMC10620175 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45923-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Karl Mauritsson
- Ecological Modelling Group, School of Bioscience, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden.
- Ecological and Environmental Modeling, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Tomas Jonsson
- Ecological Modelling Group, School of Bioscience, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden
- Ecological and Environmental Modeling, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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2
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Mauritsson K, Jonsson T. A new flexible model for maintenance and feeding expenses that improves description of individual growth in insects. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16751. [PMID: 37798309 PMCID: PMC10556006 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43743-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic theories in ecology interpret ecological patterns at different levels through the lens of metabolism, typically applying allometric scaling to describe energy use. This requires a sound theory for individual metabolism. Common mechanistic growth models, such as 'von Bertalanffy', 'dynamic energy budgets' and the 'ontogenetic growth model' lack some potentially important aspects, especially regarding regulation of somatic maintenance. We develop a model for ontogenetic growth of animals, applicable to ad libitum and food limited conditions, based on an energy balance that expresses growth as the net result of assimilation and metabolic costs for maintenance, feeding and food processing. The most important contribution is the division of maintenance into a 'non-negotiable' and a 'negotiable' part, potentially resulting in hyperallometric scaling of maintenance and downregulated maintenance under food restriction. The model can also account for effects of body composition and type of growth at the cellular level. Common mechanistic growth models often fail to fully capture growth of insects. However, our model was able to capture empirical growth patterns observed in house crickets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Mauritsson
- Ecological Modelling Group, School of Bioscience, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden.
- Ecological and Environmental Modeling, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Tomas Jonsson
- Ecological Modelling Group, School of Bioscience, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden
- Ecological and Environmental Modeling, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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3
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Wootton KL, Curtsdotter A, Bommarco R, Roslin T, Jonsson T. Food webs coupled in space: Consumer foraging movement affects both stocks and fluxes. Ecology 2023:e4101. [PMID: 37203417 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The exchange of material and individuals between neighbouring food webs is ubiquitous and affects ecosystem functioning. Here, we explore animal foraging movement between adjacent, heterogeneous habitats and its effect on a suite of interconnected ecosystem functions. Combining dynamic food web models with nutrient-recycling models, we study foraging across habitats that differ in fertility and plant diversity. We found that net foraging movement flowed from high to low fertility or high to low diversity and boosted stocks and flows across the whole loop of ecosystem functions, including biomass, detritus, and nutrients, in the recipient habitat. Contrary to common assumptions, however, the largest flows were often between the highest and intermediate fertility habitats rather than highest and lowest. The effect of consumer influx on ecosystem functions was similar to the effect of increasing fertility. Unlike fertility, however, consumer influx caused a shift towards highly predator-dominated biomass distributions, especially in habitats that were unable to support predators in the absence of consumer foraging. This shift resulted from both direct and indirect effects propagated through the interconnected ecosystem functions. Only by considering both stocks and fluxes across the whole loop of ecosystem functions do we uncover the mechanisms driving our results. In conclusion, the outcome of animal foraging movements will differ from that of dispersal and diffusion. Together we show how considering active types of animal movement and the interconnectedness of ecosystem functions can aid our understanding of the patchy landscapes of the Anthropocene. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate L Wootton
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alva Curtsdotter
- Insect Ecology Lab, Zoology, The University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Riccardo Bommarco
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tomas Roslin
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tomas Jonsson
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- Ecological modelling group, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden
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4
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Jonsson T. Conceptual data systems architecture principles for information systems. Front Comput Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fcomp.2022.1008296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Information systems alignment with enterprise evolution affects the performance of enterprises. The systems conceptual and data quality, development time and sustainable life cycle management, are issues for enterprise competitiveness. The ability to directly generate enterprise information systems from models has been thought of as a solution to improve on these issues. Model-driven systems have been a research topic for decades. Fundamental principles for a proven model-driven information systems architecture are outlined in this article. Architectural foundation is a separation of user communities conceptual domain from the information technical domain. The users domain is modeled as an information system model in three layers, conceptual data logic model, interface model and user community model. The technical domain is a platform, allowing the modeling and execution of such a model. These principles have been applied in practice and proven viable. Two platforms and applications, which adhere to these principles, are briefly described.
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Wootton KL, Curtsdotter A, Jonsson T, Banks HT, Bommarco R, Roslin T, Laubmeier AN. Beyond body size—new traits for new heights in trait-based modelling of predator-prey dynamics. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0251896. [PMID: 35862348 PMCID: PMC9302725 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Food webs map feeding interactions among species, providing a valuable tool for understanding and predicting community dynamics. Using species’ body sizes is a promising avenue for parameterizing food-web models, but such approaches have not yet been able to fully recover observed community dynamics. Such discrepancies suggest that traits other than body size also play important roles. For example, differences in species’ use of microhabitat or non-consumptive effects of intraguild predators may affect dynamics in ways not captured by body size. In Laubmeier et al. (2018), we developed a dynamic food-web model incorporating microhabitat and non-consumptive predator effects in addition to body size, and used simulations to suggest an optimal sampling design of a mesocosm experiment to test the model. Here, we perform the mesocosm experiment to generate empirical time-series of insect herbivore and predator abundance dynamics. We minimize least squares error between the model and time-series to determine parameter values of four alternative models, which differ in terms of including vs excluding microhabitat use and non-consumptive predator-predator effects. We use both statistical and expert-knowledge criteria to compare the models and find including both microhabitat use and non-consumptive predator-predator effects best explains observed aphid and predator population dynamics, followed by the model including microhabitat alone. This ranking suggests that microhabitat plays a larger role in driving population dynamics than non-consumptive predator-predator effects, although both are clearly important. Our results illustrate the importance of additional traits alongside body size in driving trophic interactions. They also point to the need to consider trophic interactions and population dynamics in a wider community context, where non-trophic impacts can dramatically modify the interplay between multiple predators and prey. Overall, we demonstrate the potential for utilizing traits beyond body size to improve trait-based models and the value of iterative cycling between theory, data and experiment to hone current insights into how traits affect food-web dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate L. Wootton
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Ecology, Uppsala, Sweden
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Alva Curtsdotter
- Insect Ecology Lab, Zoology, The University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
- EkoMod SpA, Comuna de Concon, Region de Valparaiso, Chile
| | - Tomas Jonsson
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Ecology, Uppsala, Sweden
- Ecological modelling group, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden
| | - H. T. Banks
- Center for Research in Scientific Computation, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States of America
| | - Riccardo Bommarco
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Ecology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tomas Roslin
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Ecology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Amanda N. Laubmeier
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States of America
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate L. Wootton
- Department of Ecology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
- Biofrontiers Institute University of Colorado Boulder CO USA
| | - Alva Curtsdotter
- Insect Ecology Lab, Zoology The University of New England Armidale NSW Australia
| | - Tomas Roslin
- Department of Ecology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
| | - Riccardo Bommarco
- Department of Ecology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
| | - Tomas Jonsson
- Department of Ecology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
- Ecological Modelling Group University of Skövde Skövde Sweden
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Romanelli M, Coelho R, Coster D, Ferreira J, Fleury L, Henderson S, Hollocombe J, Imbeaux F, Jonsson T, Kogan L, Meneghini O, Merle A, Pinches SD, Sauter O, Tardini G, Yadykin D, Smith S, Strand P, WPCD Team. Code Integration, Data Verification, and Models Validation Using the ITER Integrated Modeling and Analysis System (IMAS) in EUROfusion. Fusion Science and Technology 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/15361055.2020.1819751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Romanelli
- UKAEA, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, OX143DB, United Kingdom
| | - R. Coelho
- ISFN, Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - D. Coster
- Max-Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Garching, Germany
| | - J. Ferreira
- ISFN, Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - L. Fleury
- CEA, IRFM, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France 13067
| | - S. Henderson
- UKAEA, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, OX143DB, United Kingdom
| | - J. Hollocombe
- UKAEA, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, OX143DB, United Kingdom
| | - F. Imbeaux
- CEA, IRFM, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France 13067
| | - T. Jonsson
- Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L. Kogan
- UKAEA, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, OX143DB, United Kingdom
| | | | - A. Merle
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S. D. Pinches
- ITER Organization, 13067 St Paul-lez-Durance Cedex, France
| | - O. Sauter
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - G. Tardini
- Max-Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Garching, Germany
| | - D. Yadykin
- SEE, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - S. Smith
- General Atomics, San Diego, California
| | - P. Strand
- SEE, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Johannesdottir BK, Johannesdottir U, Jonsson T, Lund SH, Mogensen B, Gudbjartsson T. High Mortality from Major Vascular Trauma in Traffic Accidents: A Population-Based Study. Scand J Surg 2019; 109:328-335. [PMID: 31354052 DOI: 10.1177/1457496919863944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Injuries involving major arteries are an important cause of mortality and morbidity, most often from road traffic accidents. Our aim was to study the outcome of major vascular trauma from traffic accidents in an entire population, including patients who die at the scene and those who reach hospital alive. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a retrospective analysis of all patients who sustained major vascular trauma in traffic accidents in Iceland from 2000 to 2011. Patient demographics, mechanism, and location of vascular injury and treatment were registered. Injury scores were calculated and overall survival estimated. RESULTS There were 62 individuals (mean age 44 years, 79% males) with 95 major vascular traumas, giving an incidence of 1.69/100,000 inhabitants (95% confidence interval: 1.27-2.21). A total of 33 died at the scene and 8 during transportation to hospital but 21 (34%) reached hospital alive. Most patients who succumbed had thoracic major vascular traumas (76%) or abdominal major vascular traumas (23%). Mean new injury severity score for the 21 admitted patients was 44. A total of 18 were operated with vascular repair, 3 with endovascular stent graft insertion. The mean hospital stay for discharged patients was 34 days. Altogether, 15 of the 62 patients (24%) survived to discharge from hospital, with a 5-year survival of 86% for discharged patients. CONCLUSION Every other patient with major vascular trauma following traffic accidents died at the scene and a further 13% died during transportation to hospital, most of whom sustained major vascular trauma to the thoracic aorta. However, one-third of the patients reached hospital alive and 71% of them survived to discharge, with excellent long-term survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- B K Johannesdottir
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - U Johannesdottir
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - T Jonsson
- Department of Iceland National Blood Bank, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - S H Lund
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - B Mogensen
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - T Gudbjartsson
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
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9
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Gunnarsdottir MG, Jonsson T, Halldorsdottir AM. Circulating plasma microRNAs as biomarkers for iron status in blood donors. Transfus Med 2018; 29 Suppl 1:52-58. [PMID: 30209836 DOI: 10.1111/tme.12554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate whether microRNAs can serve as biomarkers for iron status in blood donors. BACKGROUND Serum ferritin is a widely used biochemical test for detecting iron deficiency, but it has its limitations. Certain microRNAs (miRNAs) reportedly have a role in regulating iron homeostasis. Circulating miRNAs have been reported as potential biomarkers for various conditions but have not yet been studied in iron deficiency. METHODS Participating blood donors were divided into two groups: high ferritin (HF) (>150 µg L-1 ) and low ferritin (LF) (<15 µg L-1 ). MiRNA analysis was performed by an miRNA profiling service (Exiqon) using commercial qPCR assays. The study had two phases: (i) a pilot study (20 participants) where 179 miRNAs were analysed and (ii) a confirmation study (50 participants) of 13 selected miRNAs. RESULTS Mean serum ferritin was 13·8 µg L-1 in the LF arm compared to 231 µg L-1 in the HF group (P < 0·001). Hepcidin plasma levels were higher in the HF arm (P < 0·001), whereas soluble transferrin receptor 1 was higher in the LF group (P < 0·001). In the pilot study, samples did not separate according to study group on unsupervised analysis. When directly comparing HF vs LF groups, 17 miRNAs were differentially expressed (P < 0·05, t-test) but did not pass correction for multiple testing. The confirmation study of 13 selected miRNAs verified these findings as no miRNA was significantly different between the study groups. CONCLUSION In this study, circulating plasma miRNAs did not emerge as promising biomarkers for iron status in healthy individuals. However, in the future, alternative detection methods such as next-generation sequencing might indicate miRNAs that correlate with iron stores.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Gunnarsdottir
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - T Jonsson
- Blood Bank, Landspitali National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - A M Halldorsdottir
- Blood Bank, Landspitali National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
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10
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Curtsdotter A, Banks HT, Banks JE, Jonsson M, Jonsson T, Laubmeier AN, Traugott M, Bommarco R. Ecosystem function in predator-prey food webs-confronting dynamic models with empirical data. J Anim Ecol 2018; 88:196-210. [PMID: 30079547 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Most ecosystem functions and related services involve species interactions across trophic levels, for example, pollination and biological pest control. Despite this, our understanding of ecosystem function in multitrophic communities is poor, and research has been limited to either manipulation in small communities or statistical descriptions in larger ones. Recent advances in food web ecology may allow us to overcome the trade-off between mechanistic insight and ecological realism. Molecular tools now simplify the detection of feeding interactions, and trait-based approaches allow the application of dynamic food web models to real ecosystems. We performed the first test of an allometric food web model's ability to replicate temporally nonaggregated abundance data from the field and to provide mechanistic insight into the function of predation. We aimed to reproduce and explore the drivers of the population dynamics of the aphid herbivore Rhopalosiphum padi observed in ten Swedish barley fields. We used a dynamic food web model, taking observed interactions and abundances of predators and alternative prey as input data, allowing us to examine the role of predation in aphid population control. The inverse problem methods were used for simultaneous model fit optimization and model parameterization. The model captured >70% of the variation in aphid abundance in five of ten fields, supporting the model-embodied hypothesis that body size can be an important determinant of predation in the arthropod community. We further demonstrate how in-depth model analysis can disentangle the likely drivers of function, such as the community's abundance and trait composition. Analysing the variability in model performance revealed knowledge gaps, such as the source of episodic aphid mortality, and general method development needs that, if addressed, would further increase model success and enable stronger inference about ecosystem function. The results demonstrate that confronting dynamic food web models with abundance data from the field is a viable approach to evaluate ecological theory and to aid our understanding of function in real ecosystems. However, to realize the full potential of food web models, in ecosystem function research and beyond, trait-based parameterization must be refined and extended to include more traits than body size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alva Curtsdotter
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.,School of Bioscience, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden.,Department of Environmental Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - H Thomas Banks
- Center for Research in Scientific Computation, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - John E Banks
- Undergraduate Research Opportunities Center (UROC), California State University, Monterey Bay, Seaside, California
| | - Mattias Jonsson
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tomas Jonsson
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.,School of Bioscience, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden
| | - Amanda N Laubmeier
- Center for Research in Scientific Computation, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Michael Traugott
- Mountain Agriculture Research Unit, Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Riccardo Bommarco
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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Roubinet E, Jonsson T, Malsher G, Staudacher K, Traugott M, Ekbom B, Jonsson M. High Redundancy as well as Complementary Prey Choice Characterize Generalist Predator Food Webs in Agroecosystems. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8054. [PMID: 29795226 PMCID: PMC5966386 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26191-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Food web structure influences ecosystem functioning and the strength and stability of associated ecosystem services. With their broad diet, generalist predators represent key nodes in the structure of many food webs and they contribute substantially to ecosystem services such as biological pest control. However, until recently it has been difficult to empirically assess food web structure with generalist predators. We utilized DNA-based molecular gut-content analyses to assess the prey use of a set of generalist invertebrate predator species common in temperate agricultural fields. We investigated the degree of specialization of predator-prey food webs at two key stages of the cropping season and analysed the link temperature of different trophic links, to identify non-random predation. We found a low level of specialization in our food webs, and identified warm and cool links which may result from active prey choice or avoidance. We also found a within-season variation in interaction strength between predators and aphid pests which differed among predator species. Our results show a high time-specific functional redundancy of the predator community, but also suggest temporally complementary prey choice due to within-season succession of some predator species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eve Roubinet
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tomas Jonsson
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.,Ecological Modelling group, School of Biosciences, Skövde University, Skövde, Sweden
| | - Gerard Malsher
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karin Staudacher
- Mountain Agriculture Research Unit, Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael Traugott
- Mountain Agriculture Research Unit, Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Barbara Ekbom
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mattias Jonsson
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
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12
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Jonsson T, Kaartinen R, Jonsson M, Bommarco R. Predictive power of food web models based on body size decreases with trophic complexity. Ecol Lett 2018; 21:702-712. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.12938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Jonsson
- Department of Ecology; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Box 7044 SE-75007 Uppsala Sweden
- Ecological Modelling group; School of Bioscience; University of Skövde; Box 408 SE-54128 Skövde Sweden
| | - Riikka Kaartinen
- Department of Ecology; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Box 7044 SE-75007 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Mattias Jonsson
- Department of Ecology; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Box 7044 SE-75007 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Riccardo Bommarco
- Department of Ecology; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Box 7044 SE-75007 Uppsala Sweden
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13
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Jonsson L, Magnusson TE, Thordarson A, Jonsson T, Geller F, Feenstra B, Melbye M, Nohr EA, Vucic S, Dhamo B, Rivadeneira F, Ongkosuwito EM, Wolvius EB, Leslie EJ, Marazita ML, Howe BJ, Moreno Uribe LM, Alonso I, Santos M, Pinho T, Jonsson R, Audolfsson G, Gudmundsson L, Nawaz MS, Olafsson S, Gustafsson O, Ingason A, Unnsteinsdottir U, Bjornsdottir G, Walters GB, Zervas M, Oddsson A, Gudbjartsson DF, Steinberg S, Stefansson H, Stefansson K. Rare and Common Variants Conferring Risk of Tooth Agenesis. J Dent Res 2018; 97:515-522. [PMID: 29364747 DOI: 10.1177/0022034517750109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We present association results from a large genome-wide association study of tooth agenesis (TA) as well as selective TA, including 1,944 subjects with congenitally missing teeth, excluding third molars, and 338,554 controls, all of European ancestry. We also tested the association of previously identified risk variants, for timing of tooth eruption and orofacial clefts, with TA. We report associations between TA and 9 novel risk variants. Five of these variants associate with selective TA, including a variant conferring risk of orofacial clefts. These results contribute to a deeper understanding of the genetic architecture of tooth development and disease. The few variants previously associated with TA were uncovered through candidate gene studies guided by mouse knockouts. Knowing the etiology and clinical features of TA is important for planning oral rehabilitation that often involves an interdisciplinary approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Jonsson
- 1 deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland.,2 Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - T E Magnusson
- 3 Faculty of Odontology, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - A Thordarson
- 3 Faculty of Odontology, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - T Jonsson
- 3 Faculty of Odontology, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - F Geller
- 4 Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - B Feenstra
- 4 Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Melbye
- 4 Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.,5 Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,6 Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - E A Nohr
- 7 Research Unit for Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - S Vucic
- 8 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care and Orthodontics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,9 Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B Dhamo
- 8 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care and Orthodontics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,9 Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - F Rivadeneira
- 9 Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,10 Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,11 Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E M Ongkosuwito
- 8 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care and Orthodontics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,9 Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E B Wolvius
- 8 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care and Orthodontics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,9 Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E J Leslie
- 12 Department of Oral Biology, Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,13 Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - M L Marazita
- 12 Department of Oral Biology, Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,14 Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,15 Clinical and Translational Science, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - B J Howe
- 16 Department of Family Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - L M Moreno Uribe
- 16 Department of Family Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - I Alonso
- 17 i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,18 UnIGENe, Instituto Biologia Molecular Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - M Santos
- 17 i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,18 UnIGENe, Instituto Biologia Molecular Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - T Pinho
- 17 i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,18 UnIGENe, Instituto Biologia Molecular Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,19 CESPU, Instituto de Investigacão e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Rua Central de Gandra, Gandra-PRD, Portugal
| | - R Jonsson
- 20 Icelandic Health Insurance, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - G Audolfsson
- 21 Department of Plastic Surgery, Landspitali-University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - M S Nawaz
- 1 deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland.,22 Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - S Olafsson
- 1 deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - A Ingason
- 1 deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | - G B Walters
- 1 deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland.,22 Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - M Zervas
- 1 deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - A Oddsson
- 1 deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | | | - K Stefansson
- 1 deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland.,22 Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
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Eriksson H, Frison L, Hansson PO, Held P, Holmström M, Hägg A, Jonsson T, Lapidus L, Leijd B, Stockelberg D, Säfwenberg U, Taghavi A, Thorsén M, Eriksson UG. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Melagatran, a Novel Synthetic LMW Thrombin Inhibitor, in Patients with Acute DVT. Thromb Haemost 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1614477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
SummaryForty-eight patients with acute proximal deep vein thrombosis (DVT) were randomised to intravenous infusions for 4 to 6 days with melagatran, a novel synthetic low molecular weight thrombin inhibitor, or unfractionated heparin adjusted by the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT). The aim of the study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and the safety of melagatran therapy at three different doses. Steady-state plasma concentrations were rapidly achieved and maintained throughout the infusion period. The mean plasma concentrations in the low, medium and high dose groups were 0.17, 0.31 and 0.53 μmol/l, respectively. The prolongation of APTT was stable during the melagatran infusions and correlated to the plasma concentration. Phlebographically verified regression of thrombus size measured as decrease in Marder score was seen after 4 to 6 days in 8 of 12 patients, 6 of 12 patients and 5 of 11 patients in the low, medium and high dose groups of melagatran and in 5 of the heparin-treated patients. In the low dose group with melagatran, thrombus extension was seen in one patient. At the dose levels studied, melagatran was well tolerated with no clinically significant bleeding problems, suggesting that melagatran could safely be given to patients suffering from DVT.
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Montealegre-Z F, Ogden J, Jonsson T, Soulsbury CD. Morphological determinants of signal carrier frequency in katydids (Orthoptera): a comparative analysis using biophysical evidence of wing vibration. J Evol Biol 2017; 30:2068-2078. [PMID: 28921699 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Male katydids produce mating calls by stridulation using specialized structures on the forewings. The right wing (RW) bears a scraper connected to a drum-like cell known as the mirror and a left wing (LW) that overlaps the RW and bears a serrated vein on the ventral side, the stridulatory file. Sound is generated with the scraper sweeping across the file, producing vibrations that are amplified by the mirror. Using this sound generator, katydids exploit a range of song carrier frequencies (CF) unsurpassed by any other insect group, with species singing as low as 600 Hz and others as high as 150 kHz. Sound generator size has been shown to scale negatively with CF, but such observations derive from studies based on few species, without phylogenetic control, and/or using only the RW mirror length. We carried out a phylogenetic comparative analysis involving 94 species of katydids to study the relationship between LW and RW components of the sound generator and the CF of the male's mating call, while taking into account body size and phylogenetic relationships. The results showed that CF negatively scaled with all morphological measures, but was most strongly related to components of the sound generation system (file, LW and RW mirrors). Interestingly, the LW mirror (reduced and nonfunctional) predicted CF more accurately than the RW mirror, and body size is not a reliable CF predictor. Mathematical models were verified on known species for predicting CF in species for which sound is unknown (e.g. fossils or museum specimens).
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Affiliation(s)
- F Montealegre-Z
- Joseph Banks Laboratories, School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK
| | - J Ogden
- Joseph Banks Laboratories, School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK
| | - T Jonsson
- Joseph Banks Laboratories, School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK
| | - C D Soulsbury
- Joseph Banks Laboratories, School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK
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Abstract
In ecological communities consumers (excluding parasites and parasitoids) are in general larger and less numerous than their resource. This results in a well-known observation known as 'Eltonian pyramids' or the 'pyramid of numbers', and metabolic arguments suggest that this pattern is independent of the number of trophic levels in a system. At the same time, Lotka-Volterra (LV) consumer-resource models are a frequently used tool to study many questions in community ecology, but their capacity to produce Eltonian pyramids has not been formally analysed. Here, I address this knowledge gap by investigating if and when LV food chain models give rise to Eltonian pyramids. I show that Eltonian pyramids are difficult to reproduce without density-dependent mortality in the consumers, unless biologically plausible relationships between mortality rate and interaction strength are taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Jonsson
- Ecological Modeling Group, School of Bioscience, University of Skövde, Box 408, SE-541 28, Skövde, Sweden.
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7044, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden.
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Jonsson
- Department of Ecology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Box 7044 SE‐750 07 Uppsala Sweden
- Ecological Modeling Group School of Bioscience University of Skövde Box 408 SE‐541 28 Skövde Sweden
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19
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Gagic V, Bartomeus I, Jonsson T, Taylor A, Winqvist C, Fischer C, Slade EM, Steffan-Dewenter I, Emmerson M, Potts SG, Tscharntke T, Weisser W, Bommarco R. Functional identity and diversity of animals predict ecosystem functioning better than species-based indices. Proc Biol Sci 2015; 282:20142620. [PMID: 25567651 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.2620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Drastic biodiversity declines have raised concerns about the deterioration of ecosystem functions and have motivated much recent research on the relationship between species diversity and ecosystem functioning. A functional trait framework has been proposed to improve the mechanistic understanding of this relationship, but this has rarely been tested for organisms other than plants. We analysed eight datasets, including five animal groups, to examine how well a trait-based approach, compared with a more traditional taxonomic approach, predicts seven ecosystem functions below- and above-ground. Trait-based indices consistently provided greater explanatory power than species richness or abundance. The frequency distributions of single or multiple traits in the community were the best predictors of ecosystem functioning. This implies that the ecosystem functions we investigated were underpinned by the combination of trait identities (i.e. single-trait indices) and trait complementarity (i.e. multi-trait indices) in the communities. Our study provides new insights into the general mechanisms that link biodiversity to ecosystem functioning in natural animal communities and suggests that the observed responses were due to the identity and dominance patterns of the trait composition rather than the number or abundance of species per se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Gagic
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala 75007, Sweden
| | - Ignasi Bartomeus
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala 75007, Sweden Departamento de Ecología Integrativa, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), Sevilla 41092, Spain
| | - Tomas Jonsson
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala 75007, Sweden
| | - Astrid Taylor
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala 75007, Sweden
| | - Camilla Winqvist
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala 75007, Sweden
| | - Christina Fischer
- Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technische Universität München, Restoration Ecology, Emil-Ramann-Strasse 6, Freising 85354, Germany
| | - Eleanor M Slade
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK
| | - Ingolf Steffan-Dewenter
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocentre, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Mark Emmerson
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Simon G Potts
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, Reading University, Reading RG6 6AR, UK
| | - Teja Tscharntke
- Department of Agroecology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Weisser
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Center for Food and Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, Freising 85354, Germany
| | - Riccardo Bommarco
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala 75007, Sweden
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20
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Olsen TS, Jonsson T, Højsted J, Sjøgren P, Christrup L. Symptoms and side effects in chronic non-cancer pain patients: clinical implications and development of new assessment tools. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2015; 59:1060-7. [PMID: 26032406 DOI: 10.1111/aas.12547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To improve a 41-item screening tool evaluated in our previous study by making it more simple and convenient to patients and at the same time maintain the level of information and the sensitivity. METHODS In a prospective, two-period questionnaire study, patients suffering from chronic pain of non-cancer origin for more than 6 months, were asked to fill in two questionnaires: QSSE-41 or QSSE-33 and SF-36. The first part of the study (QSSE-41) included an age- and sex-matched control group. RESULTS A total of 67 patients were included in QSSE-41 and 60 patients in QSSE-33. In QSSE-41, the mean number of symptoms reported by the patient group (12.3) was significantly higher than those reported by the controls (6.8) (P < 0.001). Out of the total number of symptoms, 40.3% were reported to be side effects caused by analgesics, and out of those 61.3% were reported as acceptable and 38.7% as unacceptable side effects. In the QSSE-33, the mean number of symptoms reported by the patient group was 13.6. Out of the total number of symptoms, 46.3% were reported to be side effects caused by analgesics, and out of those 56.4% were reported as acceptable and 43.6% as unacceptable side effects. CONCLUSIONS This new and shorter screening tool QSSE-33 may substitute the original QSSE-41 and in clinical use, contribute substantially to a more comprehensive and detailed understanding of symptoms/side effects and may consequently lead to improved therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Olsen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - T Jonsson
- Multidisciplinary Pain Centre, Køge Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Køge, Denmark
| | - J Højsted
- Multidisciplinary Pain Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - P Sjøgren
- Section of Palliative Medicine, Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L Christrup
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Kollberg I, Bylund H, Jonsson T, Schmidt A, Gershenzon J, Björkman C. Temperature affects insect outbreak risk through tritrophic interactions mediated by plant secondary compounds. Ecosphere 2015. [DOI: 10.1890/es15-000021.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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22
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Bergfeldt U, Jonsson T, Bergfeldt L, Julin P. Cortical activation changes and improved motor function in stroke patients after focal spasticity therapy--an interventional study applying repeated fMRI. BMC Neurol 2015; 15:52. [PMID: 25884323 PMCID: PMC4450484 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-015-0306-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Impaired dominant hand function in stroke patients is a common clinical problem. Functional improvement after focal spasticity therapy is well documented but knowledge about central correlates is sparse. Brain activity was therefore followed during therapy with repeated functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The purpose was to analyse motor function and central nervous system (CNS) correlates in response to a standardized motor task in stroke patients after a comprehensive focal spasticity therapy. Methods Six consecutive first-time chronic stroke patients [4 women; mean age (SD) 66 (10) years] with right-sided hand paresis and spasticity were studied. Peripheral effects after focal spasticity management including intramuscular botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) injections were assessed on 3 occasions (baseline, 6 and 12 weeks) with functional tests. Brain effects were assessed on the same occasions by fMRI blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) technique during a standardized motor task focusing on the motor and pre-motor cortex (Brodmann areas, BA4a, BA4p & BA6). For reference 10 healthy individuals [5 women; mean age (SD) of 51(8) years], were studied twice with ≥ 6 weeks interval. Results After therapy there was a significant reduction in spasticity and functional improvement in 5 of 6 patients. In response to the motor task there was a ~1.5 - 3% increase in brain activity in the motor and pre-motor cortex. At baseline, this increase was larger in the non-injured (ipsilateral) than in the contralateral hemisphere. Compared with healthy subjects the patients showed a significantly (2–4.5 times) higher brain activity, especially on the ipsilateral side. After therapy, there was a larger decrease in the ipsilateral and a minor decrease in the contralateral response, i.e. a clear lateralization of left-to-right in a normalizing direction in all areas. Conclusions Comprehensive focal spasticity management was also in this study associated with brain reorganization in a “normalizing” left/right lateralization direction in addition to improved motor function. Furthermore, quantification of BOLD intensity in specified BAs showed reduced neuronal “over-activity” in the injured brain after therapy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12883-015-0306-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulla Bergfeldt
- Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Present address: Center for Advanced Reconstruction of Extremities, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Moelndal, House U1, 5th floor, SE- 431 80, Moelndal, Sweden.
| | - Tomas Jonsson
- SMILE, Stockholm Medical Imaging Laboratory, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Department of Diagnostic Medical Physics, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Lennart Bergfeldt
- Department of Molecular & Clinical Medicine/Cardiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Per Julin
- Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. .,SMILE, Stockholm Medical Imaging Laboratory, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Berg
- Dept of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Div. of Theoretical Biology; Linköping Univ.; SE-58183 Linköping Sweden
- Research Centre for Systems Biology, Univ. of Skövde; PO Box 408, SE-541 28 Skövde Sweden
| | - Alexander Pimenov
- Weierstrass Inst.; Mohrenstr. 39 DE-10117 Berlin Germany
- Environmental Research Inst., Univ. College Cork; Lee Road Cork Ireland
| | | | - Mark Emmerson
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's Univ. Belfast; 97 Lisburn Road Belfast BT9 7BL UK
| | - Tomas Jonsson
- Research Centre for Systems Biology, Univ. of Skövde; PO Box 408, SE-541 28 Skövde Sweden
- Dept of Ecology; Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences; Box 7044, SE-750 07 Uppsala Sweden
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Jonsson T, Berg S, Pimenov A, Palmer C, Emmerson M. The reliability ofR50as a measure of vulnerability of food webs to sequential species deletions. OIKOS 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.01588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Jonsson
- Dept of Ecology; Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences; Box 7044, SE-750 07 Uppsala Sweden
- Research Centre for Systems Biology, Univ. of Skövde; PO Box 408, SE-541 28 Skövde Sweden
| | - Sofia Berg
- Research Centre for Systems Biology, Univ. of Skövde; PO Box 408, SE-541 28 Skövde Sweden
- Dept of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Div. of Theoretical Biology; Linköping Univ.; SE-58183 Linköping Sweden
| | - Alexander Pimenov
- Environmental Res. Inst., Univ. College Cork; Lee Road Cork Ireland
- Weierstrass Inst.; Mohrenstr. 39 DE-10117 Berlin Germany
| | - Catherine Palmer
- Environmental Res. Inst., Univ. College Cork; Lee Road Cork Ireland
| | - Mark Emmerson
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's Univ. Belfast; 97 Lisburn Road Belfast BT9 7BL UK
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Liberg B, Klauser P, Harding IH, Adler M, Rahm C, Lundberg J, Masterman T, Wachtler C, Jonsson T, Kristoffersen-Wiberg M, Pantelis C, Wahlund B. Functional and structural alterations in the cingulate motor area relate to decreased fronto-striatal coupling in major depressive disorder with psychomotor disturbances. Front Psychiatry 2014; 5:176. [PMID: 25538633 PMCID: PMC4255491 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2014.00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychomotor disturbances are a classic feature of major depressive disorders. These can manifest as lack of facial expressions and decreased speech production, reduced body posture and mobility, and slowed voluntary movement. The neural correlates of psychomotor disturbances in depression are poorly understood but it has been suggested that outputs from the cingulate motor area (CMA) to striatal motor regions, including the putamen, could be involved. We used functional and structural magnetic resonance imaging to conduct a region-of-interest analysis to test the hypotheses that neural activation patterns related to motor production and gray matter volumes in the CMA would be different between depressed subjects displaying psychomotor disturbances (n = 13) and matched healthy controls (n = 13). In addition, we conducted a psychophysiological interaction analysis to assess the functional coupling related to self-paced finger-tapping between the caudal CMA and the posterior putamen in patients compared to controls. We found a cluster of increased neural activation, adjacent to a cluster of decreased gray matter volume in the caudal CMA in patients compared to controls. The functional coupling between the left caudal CMA and the left putamen during finger-tapping task performance was additionally decreased in patients compared to controls. In addition, the strength of the functional coupling between the left caudal CMA and the left putamen was negatively correlated with the severity of psychomotor disturbances in the patient group. In conclusion, we found converging evidence for involvement of the caudal CMA and putamen in the generation of psychomotor disturbances in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benny Liberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, The University of Melbourne , Melbourne, VIC , Australia ; Section of Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Division of Medical Imaging and Technology, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Paul Klauser
- Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, The University of Melbourne , Melbourne, VIC , Australia ; Monash Clinical and Imaging Neuroscience, School of Psychology and Psychiatry, Monash University , Clayton, VIC , Australia
| | - Ian H Harding
- Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, The University of Melbourne , Melbourne, VIC , Australia ; School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University , Melbourne, VIC , Australia
| | - Mats Adler
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Christoffer Rahm
- Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, The University of Melbourne , Melbourne, VIC , Australia ; Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Johan Lundberg
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Thomas Masterman
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Caroline Wachtler
- Primary Care Research Unit, Department of General Practice, The University of Melbourne , Melbourne, VIC , Australia ; Centre for Family Medicine (CeFAM), Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Tomas Jonsson
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Division of Medical Imaging and Technology, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Department of Medical Physics, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Maria Kristoffersen-Wiberg
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Division of Medical Imaging and Technology, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Department of Radiology, Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Christos Pantelis
- Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, The University of Melbourne , Melbourne, VIC , Australia
| | - Björn Wahlund
- Department of Energy and Engineering, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences , Uppsala , Sweden
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Liberg B, Adler M, Jonsson T, Landén M, Rahm C, Wahlund LO, Kristoffersen-Wiberg M, Wahlund B. The neural correlates of self-paced finger tapping in bipolar depression with motor retardation. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2013; 25:43-51. [PMID: 26953073 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5215.2012.00659.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Motor retardation is a characteristic feature of bipolar depression, and is also a core feature of Parkinson's disease. Within the framework of the functional deafferentiation theory in Parkinson's disease, we hypothesised that motor retardation in bipolar depression is mediated by disrupted subcortical activation, leading to decreased activation of cortical motor areas during finger tapping. METHODS We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate neural activity during self-paced finger tapping to elucidate whether brain regions that mediate preparation, control and execution of movement are activated differently in subjects with bipolar depression (n = 9) compared to healthy controls (n = 12). RESULTS An uncorrected whole-brain analysis revealed significant group differences in dorsolateral and ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Corrected analyses showed non-significant differences in patients compared to controls: decreased and less widespread activation of the left putamen and left pallidum; increased activity in the left thalamus and supplementary motor area; decreased activation in the left lateral pre- and primary motor cortices; absence of activation in the pre-supplementary motor area; activation of the bilateral rostral cingulate motor area. CONCLUSION Both movement preparation and execution may be affected in motor retardation, and the activity in the whole left-side motor circuit is altered during self-initiated motor performance in bipolar depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benny Liberg
- 1 Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Psychiatry, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mats Adler
- 1 Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Psychiatry, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomas Jonsson
- 2 Department of Diagnostic Medical Physics, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Landén
- 1 Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Psychiatry, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christoffer Rahm
- 1 Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Psychiatry, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars-Olof Wahlund
- 4 Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Kristoffersen-Wiberg
- 5 Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Medical Imaging and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Björn Wahlund
- 1 Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Psychiatry, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Ormarsson OT, Geirsson T, Bjornsson ES, Jonsson T, Moller P, Loftsson T, Stefansson E. Clinical trial: marine lipid suppositories as laxatives. Mar Drugs 2012; 10:2047-2054. [PMID: 23118720 PMCID: PMC3475272 DOI: 10.3390/md10092047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Revised: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cod-liver oil and other marine products containing polyunsaturated fatty acids have anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial and anti-viral effects and may be useful in the treatment of various inflammatory and infectious diseases. We developed suppositories and ointment with 30% free fatty acid (FFA) extract from omega-3 fish oil. Our purpose was to evaluate the safety of marine lipid suppositories and ointment in healthy volunteers and to explore the laxative effect of the suppositories. Thirty healthy volunteers were randomized either to a study group administrating 30% FFA suppositories and applying 30% FFA ointment to the perianal region twice per day for two weeks, or to a control group using placebo suppositories and ointment in a double blinded manner. Results: No serious toxic effects or irritation were observed. In the study group 93% felt the urge to defecate after administration of the suppositories as compared to 37% in the control group (P = 0.001). Subsequently 90% in the study group defecated, compared to 33% in the control group (P = 0.001). Conclusion: The marine lipid suppositories and ointment were well tolerated with no significant toxic side effects observed during the study period. The suppositories have a distinct laxative effect and we aim to explore this effect in further clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orri Thor Ormarsson
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital, Landspitali-University Hospital, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Health Science, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland; (E.S.B.); (T.J.); (P.M.); (T.L.); (E.S.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +354-543-1000; Fax: +354-543-3021
| | - Thormodur Geirsson
- School of Health Science, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland; (E.S.B.); (T.J.); (P.M.); (T.L.); (E.S.)
| | - Einar Stefan Bjornsson
- School of Health Science, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland; (E.S.B.); (T.J.); (P.M.); (T.L.); (E.S.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Landspitali-University Hospital, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Tomas Jonsson
- School of Health Science, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland; (E.S.B.); (T.J.); (P.M.); (T.L.); (E.S.)
- Department of Surgery, Landspitali-University Hospital, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Pall Moller
- School of Health Science, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland; (E.S.B.); (T.J.); (P.M.); (T.L.); (E.S.)
- Department of Surgery, Landspitali-University Hospital, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Thorsteinn Loftsson
- School of Health Science, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland; (E.S.B.); (T.J.); (P.M.); (T.L.); (E.S.)
| | - Einar Stefansson
- School of Health Science, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland; (E.S.B.); (T.J.); (P.M.); (T.L.); (E.S.)
- Department of Surgery, Landspitali-University Hospital, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland
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Howner K, Eskildsen SF, Fischer H, Dierks T, Wahlund LO, Jonsson T, Wiberg MK, Kristiansson M. Thinner cortex in the frontal lobes in mentally disordered offenders. Psychiatry Res 2012; 203:126-31. [PMID: 22947310 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2011.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2010] [Revised: 11/11/2011] [Accepted: 12/18/2011] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Antisocial and violent behaviour have been associated with both structural and functional brain abnormalities in the frontal and the temporal lobes. The aim of the present study was to assess cortical thickness in offenders undergoing forensic psychiatric assessments, one group with psychopathy (PSY, n=7) and one group with autism spectrum disorder (ASD, n=7) compared to each other as well as to a reference group consisting of healthy non-criminal subjects (RG, n=12). A second aim was to assess correlation between scores on a psychopathy checklist (PCL-SV) and cortical thickness. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and surface-based cortical segmentation were used to calculate cortical thickness. Analyses used both regions of interest and statistical maps. When the two groups of offenders were compared, there were no differences in cortical thickness, but the PSY group had thinner cortex in the temporal lobes and in the whole right hemisphere compared to RG. There were no differences in cortical thickness between the ASD group and RG. Across subjects there was a negative correlation between PCL-SV scores and cortical thickness in the temporal lobes and the whole right hemisphere. The findings indicate that thinner cortex in the temporal lobes is present in psychopathic offenders and that these regions are important for the expression of psychopathy. However, whether thinner temporal cortex is a cause or a consequence of the antisocial behaviour is still unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Howner
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Kaneryd L, Borrvall C, Berg S, Curtsdotter A, Eklöf A, Hauzy C, Jonsson T, Münger P, Setzer M, Säterberg T, Ebenman B. Species-rich ecosystems are vulnerable to cascading extinctions in an increasingly variable world. Ecol Evol 2012; 2:858-74. [PMID: 22837831 PMCID: PMC3399205 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Revised: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Global warming leads to increased intensity and frequency of weather extremes. Such increased environmental variability might in turn result in increased variation in the demographic rates of interacting species with potentially important consequences for the dynamics of food webs. Using a theoretical approach, we here explore the response of food webs to a highly variable environment. We investigate how species richness and correlation in the responses of species to environmental fluctuations affect the risk of extinction cascades. We find that the risk of extinction cascades increases with increasing species richness, especially when correlation among species is low. Initial extinctions of primary producer species unleash bottom-up extinction cascades, especially in webs with specialist consumers. In this sense, species-rich ecosystems are less robust to increasing levels of environmental variability than species-poor ones. Our study thus suggests that highly species-rich ecosystems such as coral reefs and tropical rainforests might be particularly vulnerable to increased climate variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Kaneryd
- Division of Theoretical Biology, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping UniversitySE-58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Borrvall
- Division of Theoretical Biology, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping UniversitySE-58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Sofia Berg
- Division of Theoretical Biology, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping UniversitySE-58183 Linköping, Sweden
- Ecological Modelling Group, Systems Biology Research Centre, Skövde UniversitySE-54128 Skövde, Sweden
| | - Alva Curtsdotter
- Division of Theoretical Biology, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping UniversitySE-58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anna Eklöf
- Division of Theoretical Biology, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping UniversitySE-58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Céline Hauzy
- Division of Theoretical Biology, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping UniversitySE-58183 Linköping, Sweden
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Evolution, Université Pierre et Marie Curie75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Tomas Jonsson
- Ecological Modelling Group, Systems Biology Research Centre, Skövde UniversitySE-54128 Skövde, Sweden
| | - Peter Münger
- Division of Theoretical Biology, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping UniversitySE-58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Malin Setzer
- Division of Theoretical Biology, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping UniversitySE-58183 Linköping, Sweden
- Ecological Modelling Group, Systems Biology Research Centre, Skövde UniversitySE-54128 Skövde, Sweden
| | - Torbjörn Säterberg
- Division of Theoretical Biology, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping UniversitySE-58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Bo Ebenman
- Division of Theoretical Biology, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping UniversitySE-58183 Linköping, Sweden
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Lövdén M, Laukka EJ, Rieckmann A, Kalpouzos G, Li TQ, Jonsson T, Wahlund LO, Fratiglioni L, Bäckman L. The dimensionality of between-person differences in white matter microstructure in old age. Hum Brain Mapp 2012; 34:1386-98. [PMID: 22331619 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.21518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Revised: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 10/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Between-person differences in white matter microstructure may partly generalize across the brain and partly play out differently for distinct tracts. We used diffusion-tensor imaging and structural equation modeling to investigate this issue in a sample of 260 adults aged 60-87 years. Mean fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity of seven white matter tracts in each hemisphere were quantified. Results showed good fit of a model positing that individual differences in white matter microstructure are structured according to tracts. A general factor, although accounting for variance in the measures, did not adequately represent the individual differences. This indicates the presence of a substantial amount of tract-specific individual differences in white matter microstructure. In addition, individual differences are to a varying degree shared between tracts, indicating that general factors also affect white matter microstructure. Age-related differences in white matter microstructure were present for all tracts. Correlations among tract factors did not generally increase as a function of age, suggesting that aging is not a process with homogenous effects on white matter microstructure across the brain. These findings highlight the need for future research to examine whether relations between white matter microstructure and diverse outcomes are specific or general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Lövdén
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Gävlegatan 16, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Jonsson T, Christrup LL, Højsted J, Villesen HH, Albjerg TH, Ravn-Nielsen LV, Sjøgren P. Symptoms and side effects in chronic non-cancer pain: patient report vs. systematic assessment. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2011; 55:69-74. [PMID: 21039361 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2010.02329.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND relieving distressing symptoms and managing the side effects of analgesics are essential in order to improve quality of life and functional capacity in chronic non-cancer pain patients. A quick, reliable and valid tool for assessing symptoms and side effects is needed in order to optimize treatment. We aimed to investigate the symptoms reported by chronic non-cancer pain patients after open-ended questioning vs. a systematic assessment using a list of symptoms, and to assess whether the patients could distinguish between the symptoms and the side effects induced by analgesics. METHODS patients treated with either opioids and/or adjuvant analgesics were asked to report their symptoms spontaneously, followed by a 41-item investigator-developed symptom checklist. A control group also filled in the checklist. RESULTS a total of 62 patients and 64 controls participated in the study. The numbers of symptoms reported by the patients (9.9 ± 5.9) were significantly higher than those reported by the controls (3.2 ± 3.9) (P<0.001). In the patient group, the number of spontaneously reported symptoms (1.3 ± 1.4) was significantly lower than the symptoms reported when using the symptom checklist (9.9 ± 5.9) (P<0.001). The six most frequently symptoms reported by the patients were: (1) Fatigue; (2) Memory deficits; (3) Dry mouth; (4) Concentration deficits; (5) Sweating; and (6) Weight gain. Out of the six most frequently reported symptoms, the share of side effects due to analgesics was: (1) Dry mouth (42%); (2) Sweating (34%); (3) Weight gain (29%); (4) Memory deficits (24%); (5) Fatigue (19%); and (6) Concentration deficits (19%). CONCLUSION the number of symptoms reported using systematic assessment was eightfold higher than those reported voluntarily. Fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, dry mouth, sweating and weight gain were the most frequently reported. The patients reported the side effects of their analgesics to contribute substantially to the reported symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Jonsson
- Multidisciplinary Pain Centre, Køge University Hospital, Køge, Denmark
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Howner K, Fischer H, Dierks T, Federspiel A, Wahlund LO, Jonsson T, Wiberg MK, Kristiansson M. Brain Processing of Fearful Facial Expression in Mentally Disordered Offenders. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.4236/jbbs.2011.13016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Riede JO, Brose U, Ebenman B, Jacob U, Thompson R, Townsend CR, Jonsson T. Stepping in Elton’s footprints: a general scaling model for body masses and trophic levels across ecosystems. Ecol Lett 2010; 14:169-78. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01568.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Jonsson T, Karlsson P, Jonsson A. Trophic interactions affect the population dynamics and risk of extinction of basal species in food webs. Ecological Complexity 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecocom.2009.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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O'Gorman EJ, Jacob U, Jonsson T, Emmerson MC. Interaction strength, food web topology and the relative importance of species in food webs. J Anim Ecol 2010; 79:682-92. [PMID: 20102420 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2009.01658.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
1. We established complex marine communities, consisting of over 100 species, in large subtidal experimental mesocosms. We measured the strength of direct interactions and the net strength of direct and indirect interactions between the species in those communities, using a combination of theoretical and empirical approaches. 2. Theoretical predictions of interaction strength were derived from the interaction coefficient matrix, which was parameterised using allometric predator-prey relationships. Empirical estimates of interaction strength were quantified using the ln-ratio, which measures the change in biomass density of species A in the presence and absence of species B. 3. We observed that highly connected species tend to have weak direct effects and net effects in our experimental food webs, whether we calculate interaction strength theoretically or empirically. 4. We found a significant correlation between our theoretical predictions and empirical estimates of direct effects and net effects. The net effects correlation was much stronger, indicating that our experimental communities were dominated by a mixture of direct and indirect effects. 5. Re-calculation of the theoretical predictions of net effects after randomising predator and prey body masses did not affect the negative relationship with connectance. 6. These results suggest that food web topology, which in this system is constrained by body mass, is overwhelmingly important for the magnitude of direct and indirect interactions and hence species importance in the face of biodiversity declines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eoin J O'Gorman
- Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Lee Road, Cork, Ireland.
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Jonsson T, Brøns M, Medin N, Højsted J, Sjøgren P, Christrup L. 797 AN IMPROVED SYMPTOM AND SIDE‐EFFECT EVALUATION TOOL USED IN CHRONIC NON‐CANCER PAIN PATIENTS. Eur J Pain 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1090-3801(09)60800-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Jonsson
- Multidisciplinary Pain Centre, Koege University Hospital, Koege, Denmark
| | - M.K. Brøns
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - N. Medin
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J. Højsted
- Multidisciplinary Pain Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - P. Sjøgren
- Multidisciplinary Pain Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L.L. Christrup
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Lindholm TL, Botes L, Engman EL, Frank A, Jonsson T, Svensson L, Julin P. Parallel imaging: is GRAPPA a useful acquisition tool for MR imaging intended for volumetric brain analysis? BMC Med Imaging 2009; 9:15. [PMID: 19650898 PMCID: PMC2734748 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2342-9-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2008] [Accepted: 08/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The work presented here investigates parallel imaging applied to T1-weighted high resolution imaging for use in longitudinal volumetric clinical studies involving Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) patients. This was in an effort to shorten acquisition times to minimise the risk of motion artefacts caused by patient discomfort and disorientation. The principle question is, "Can parallel imaging be used to acquire images at 1.5 T of sufficient quality to allow volumetric analysis of patient brains?" Methods Optimisation studies were performed on a young healthy volunteer and the selected protocol (including the use of two different parallel imaging acceleration factors) was then tested on a cohort of 15 elderly volunteers including MCI and AD patients. In addition to automatic brain segmentation, hippocampus volumes were manually outlined and measured in all patients. The 15 patients were scanned on a second occasion approximately one week later using the same protocol and evaluated in the same manner to test repeatability of measurement using images acquired with the GRAPPA parallel imaging technique applied to the MPRAGE sequence. Results Intraclass correlation tests show that almost perfect agreement between repeated measurements of both segmented brain parenchyma fraction and regional measurement of hippocampi. The protocol is suitable for both global and regional volumetric measurement dementia patients. Conclusion In summary, these results indicate that parallel imaging can be used without detrimental effect to brain tissue segmentation and volumetric measurement and should be considered for both clinical and research studies where longitudinal measurements of brain tissue volumes are of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terri L Lindholm
- Department of Diagnostic Medical Physics, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Liberg B, Wahlund B, Jonsson T, Kristoffersen-Wiberg M, Rahm C, Wahlund LO, Msghina M. Graded response in brain areas that represent observed action. Neuroimage 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(09)71851-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Wahlund K, Fischer H, Dierks T, Wahlund LO, Wiberg MK, Jonsson T, Kristiansson M. [Psychopathy and brain imaging--a literature review. With focus on functional magnetic resonance tomography]. Lakartidningen 2009; 106:361-365. [PMID: 19297813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
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Karlsson P, Jonsson T, Jonsson A. Food web structure and interaction strength pave the way for vulnerability to extinction. J Theor Biol 2007; 249:77-92. [PMID: 17727894 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2007.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2007] [Revised: 06/25/2007] [Accepted: 07/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This paper focuses on how food web structure and interactions among species affects the vulnerability, due to environmental variability, to extinction of species at different positions in model food webs. Vulnerability is here not measured by a traditional extinction threshold but is instead inspired by the IUCN criteria for endangered species: an observed rapid decline in population abundance. Using model webs influenced by stochasticity with zero autocorrelation, we investigate the ecological determinants of species vulnerability, i.e. the trophic interactions between species and food web structure and how these interact with the risk of sudden drops in abundance of species. We find that (i) producers fulfil the criterion of vulnerable species more frequently than other species, (ii) food web structure is related to vulnerability, and (iii) the vulnerability of species is greater when involved in a strong trophic interaction than when not. We note that our result on the relationship between extinction risk and trophic position of species contradict previous suggestions and argue that the main reason for the discrepancy probably is due to the fact that we study the vulnerability to environmental stochasticity and not extinction risk due to overexploitation, habitat destruction or interactions with introduced species. Thus, we suggest that the vulnerability of species to environmental stochasticity may be differently related to trophic position than the vulnerability of species to other factors. Earlier research on species extinctions has looked for intrinsic traits of species that correlate with increased vulnerability to extinction. However, to fully understand the extinction process we must also consider that species interactions may affect vulnerability and that not all extinctions are the result of long, gradual reductions in species abundances. Under environmental stochasticity (which importance frequently is assumed to increase as a result of climate change) and direct and indirect interactions with other species some extinctions may occur rapidly and apparently unexpectedly. To identify the first declines of population abundances that may escalate and lead to extinctions as early as possible, we need to recognize which species are at greatest risk of entering such dangerous routes and under what circumstances. This new perspective may contribute to our understanding of the processes leading to extinction of populations and eventually species. This is especially urgent in the light of the current biodiversity crisis where a large fraction of the world's biodiversity is threatened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Karlsson
- Systems Biology Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Skövde, P.O. Box 408, SE-541 28 Skövde, Sweden
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Brose U, Jonsson T, Berlow EL, Warren P, Banasek-Richter C, Bersier LF, Blanchard JL, Brey T, Carpenter SR, Blandenier MFC, Cushing L, Dawah HA, Dell T, Edwards F, Harper-Smith S, Jacob U, Ledger ME, Martinez ND, Memmott J, Mintenbeck K, Pinnegar JK, Rall BC, Rayner TS, Reuman DC, Ruess L, Ulrich W, Williams RJ, Woodward G, Cohen JE. CONSUMER–RESOURCE BODY-SIZE RELATIONSHIPS IN NATURAL FOOD WEBS. Ecology 2006; 87:2411-7. [PMID: 17089649 DOI: 10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[2411:cbrinf]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 373] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
It has been suggested that differences in body size between consumer and resource species may have important implications for interaction strengths, population dynamics, and eventually food web structure, function, and evolution. Still, the general distribution of consumer-'resource body-size ratios in real ecosystems, and whether they vary systematically among habitats or broad taxonomic groups, is poorly understood. Using a unique global database on consumer and resource body sizes, we show that the mean body-size ratios of aquatic herbivorous and detritivorous consumers are several orders of magnitude larger than those of carnivorous predators. Carnivorous predator-prey body-size ratios vary across different habitats and predator and prey types (invertebrates, ectotherm, and endotherm vertebrates). Predator-prey body-size ratios are on average significantly higher (1) in freshwater habitats than in marine or terrestrial habitats, (2) for vertebrate than for invertebrate predators, and (3) for invertebrate than for ectotherm vertebrate prey. If recent studies that relate body-size ratios to interaction strengths are general, our results suggest that mean consumer-resource interaction strengths may vary systematically across different habitat categories and consumer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Brose
- Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Darmstadt, Germany.
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Manfredsdottir VF, Vikingsdottir T, Jonsson T, Geirsson AJ, Kjartansson O, Heimisdottir M, Sigurdardottir SL, Valdimarsson H, Vikingsson A. The effects of tobacco smoking and rheumatoid factor seropositivity on disease activity and joint damage in early rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2006; 45:734-40. [PMID: 16403829 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kei240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effect of tobacco smoking and rheumatoid factor (RF) isotypes on disease activity and joint damage in early rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS One hundred early RA patients were followed prospectively for 2 yr. They were evaluated at recruitment and at 6 and 24 months. Sociodemographic information included smoking history, and radiographs of hands and feet were obtained. RF was monitored by IgM- and IgA-specific RF enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and by agglutination, and serial measurements were also obtained for C-reactive protein. The influence of tobacco smoking and RF positivity on disease outcome was evaluated using multivariate analysis. Covariates for the regression analysis included sex, age, coffee consumption and IgA-RF positivity. RESULTS A gradient of increase in disease activity was observed from never smokers to former smokers to current smokers during the 2 yr of observation, defined by number of swollen joints (SJC), tender joints (TJC) and visual analogue scale for pain (P<0.001, P=0.02 and P=0.005, respectively), but smoking status did not influence radiological progression. Ever smokers were more often IgA RF positive (P<0.05). IgA RF-positive patients had more active disease (SJC P=0.002, TJC P=0.01) and showed more radiological progression (P<0.0001) compared with IgA RF-negative patients. Of the RF-positive patients 22% had elevated IgM RF without IgA RF and these patients showed similar disease activity and radiological joint progression to the RF-negative patients. None of these associations were explained by possible confounders. CONCLUSION Tobacco smoking has an adverse effect on patients with early RA and this is possibly immunologically mediated. IgM RF does not predict poorer prognosis in RA unless it is associated with a concomitant elevation of IgA RF.
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Affiliation(s)
- V F Manfredsdottir
- Department of Immunology, Landspitali University Hospital, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
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Ebenman B, Jonsson T. Using community viability analysis to identify fragile systems and keystone species. Trends Ecol Evol 2005; 20:568-75. [PMID: 16701436 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2005.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2005] [Revised: 06/08/2005] [Accepted: 06/29/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Owing to interdependences among species in ecological communities, the loss of one species can trigger a cascade of secondary extinctions with potentially dramatic effects on the functioning and stability of the community. It is, therefore, important to assess the risk and likely extent of secondary extinctions. Community viability analysis is a new technique that can be used to accomplish this goal. The analysis can also be used to identify fragile community structures and keystone species and, hence, to provide guidelines for conservation priorities. Here, we describe the principles underlying community viability analysis and review its contributions to our understanding of the response of ecological communities to species loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ebenman
- Department of Biology, IFM, Linköping University, SE-58183 Linköping, Sweden.
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Brose U, Cushing L, Berlow EL, Jonsson T, Banasek-Richter C, Bersier LF, Blanchard JL, Brey T, Carpenter SR, Blandenier MFC, Cohen JE, Dawah HA, Dell T, Edwards F, Harper-Smith S, Jacob U, Knapp RA, Ledger ME, Memmott J, Mintenbeck K, Pinnegar JK, Rall BC, Rayner T, Ruess L, Ulrich W, Warren P, Williams RJ, Woodward G, Yodzis P, Martinez ND. BODY SIZES OF CONSUMERS AND THEIR RESOURCES. Ecology 2005. [DOI: 10.1890/05-0379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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