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Thompson MA, Shaffer L, Larson DA, Stavena-Holik M, Nail C, Leatherman L, Tomblyn S, Burnett L, Rizzo J, Christy RJ, Kowalczewski CJ. Subcutaneous Anti-inflammatory Therapies to Prevent Burn Progression in a Swine Model of Contact Burn Injury. Mil Med 2023:usad476. [PMID: 38150385 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usad476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION If left untreated, burn injuries can deepen or progress in depth within the first 72 hours after injury as a result of increased wound inflammation, subsequently worsening healing outcomes. This can be especially detrimental to warfighters who are constrained to resource-limited environments with delayed evacuation times to higher roles of care and more effective treatment. Preventing this burn progression at the point of injury has the potential to improve healing outcomes but requires a field-deployable therapy and delivery system. Subcutaneous therapies known to treat inflammation delivered local to the wound site may prove to be one such avenue for success. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seven Yorkshire-cross swine received partial-thickness burn injuries using a previously established contact burn model. Each animal received one of the seven therapies: (1) saline, (2) heparin, (3) ibuprofen, (4) erythropoietin, (5) resolvin, (6) rapamycin, and (7) placental extract, all of which are either currently employed or are experimental in field use and indicated to treat inflammation. Treatments were delivered subcutaneously on the day of injury and 24 hours post-injury to simulate a prolonged field care scenario, before potential evacuation. Animals and wound development were observed for 28 days before euthanasia. Throughout the course of the study, wounds were observed macroscopically via non-invasive imaging. Histological analyses provided the critical metric of burn progression. Treatment success criteria were designated as the ability to prevent burn progression past 80% of the dermal depth in two of the three treated wounds, a clinically relevant metric of burn progression. RESULTS It was determined that the applied model successfully created reproducible partial-thickness burn injuries in this porcine study. No significant differences with regard to lateral wound size or the rate of lateral wound closure were observed in any treatments. Several treatments including resolvin, rapamycin, ibuprofen, and erythropoietin successfully reduced burn progression to less than 80% of the dermal depth in two of the three wounds, 24 hours after injury. CONCLUSIONS This report employs an established model of porcine contact burn injury in order to test the ability of local subcutaneous delivery of therapeutics to prevent burn progression at the point of injury, via what is believed to be the inhibition of inflammation. Several treatments successfully prevented burn progression to a full-thickness injury, potentially improving wound healing outcomes in a simulated battlefield scenario. Subcutaneously administered therapies combating burn-induced inflammation at the point of injury may serve as a field-deployable treatment modality to improve warfighter recovery and return to duty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc A Thompson
- Combat Wound Care, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA
| | - Lucy Shaffer
- Combat Wound Care, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA
| | - David A Larson
- Combat Wound Care, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA
| | - Michelle Stavena-Holik
- Combat Wound Care, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA
| | - Carole Nail
- Combat Wound Care, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA
| | - Logan Leatherman
- Combat Wound Care, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA
| | - Seth Tomblyn
- Plakous Therapeutics LLC, Winston-Salem, NC 27103, USA
| | | | - Julie Rizzo
- Trauma Research, Brooke Army Medical Center, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA
| | - Robert J Christy
- Combat Wound Care, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA
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Miura T, Sato T, Yano T, Takaguri A, Miki T, Tohse N, Nishizawa K. Role of Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agents in Cardiovascular Protection in CKD Patients: Reappraisal of Their Impact and Mechanisms. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2023; 37:1175-1192. [PMID: 35150385 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-022-07321-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) have markedly reduced the need for blood transfusion for renal anemia and are included in standard therapies for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Various protective effects of ESAs on the cardiovascular system have been discovered through basic research, and the effects have received much attention because the rates of cardiovascular events and mortality are high in CKD patients. However, randomized clinical trials did not provide strong evidence that ESAs exert cardioprotection in humans, including CKD patients. It is difficult to assess the cardioprotective effects of ESAs in CKD patients through the clinical data that has been reported to date because the relationship between hemoglobin level rather than ESA dose and cardiovascular event rates was examined in most studies. Interestingly, recent studies using a rat model of CKD showed that the infarct size-limiting effect of an ESA was lost when its dose was increased to a level that normalized blood hemoglobin levels, suggesting that the optimal dose of an ESA for myocardial protection is less than the dose required to normalize hemoglobin levels. Furthermore, animal models of traditional coronary risk factors or comorbidities were resistant to the cardioprotective effects of ESAs because of interruptions in signal-mediated mechanisms downstream of erythropoietin receptors. In this review, we briefly discuss basic and clinical data on the impact of anemia on coronary and systemic circulation, the effects of CKD on the cardiovascular system, and the multiple pharmacological actions of ESAs to examine whether the ESAs that are prescribed for renal anemia exert any cardioprotection in patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuji Miura
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, 15-4-1, Maeda-7, Teine-ku, Sapporo, Japan.
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Tatsuya Sato
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Signal Transduction, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Yano
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akira Takaguri
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Miki
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Cardiology and Diabetes, Oji General Hospital, Tomakomai, Japan
| | - Noritsugu Tohse
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Signal Transduction, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Keitaro Nishizawa
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Nephrology, Asahikawa Red Cross, Hospital, Asahikawa, Japan
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3
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Harlow CE, Patel VV, Waterworth DM, Wood AR, Beaumont RN, Ruth KS, Tyrrell J, Oguro-Ando A, Chu AY, Frayling TM. Genetically proxied therapeutic prolyl-hydroxylase inhibition and cardiovascular risk. Hum Mol Genet 2023; 32:496-505. [PMID: 36048866 PMCID: PMC9851745 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) inhibitors are in clinical development for anaemia in chronic kidney disease. Epidemiological studies have reported conflicting results regarding safety of long-term therapeutic haemoglobin (Hgb) rises through PHD inhibition on risk of cardiovascular disease. Genetic variation in genes encoding PHDs can be used as partial proxies to investigate the potential effects of long-term Hgb rises. We used Mendelian randomization to investigate the effect of long-term Hgb level rises through genetically proxied PHD inhibition on coronary artery disease (CAD: 60 801 cases; 123 504 controls), myocardial infarction (MI: 42 561 cases; 123 504 controls) or stroke (40 585 cases; 406 111 controls). To further characterize long-term effects of Hgb level rises, we performed a phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) in up to 451 099 UK Biobank individuals. Genetically proxied therapeutic PHD inhibition, equivalent to a 1.00 g/dl increase in Hgb levels, was not associated (at P < 0.05) with increased odds of CAD; odd ratio (OR) [95% confidence intervals (CI)] = 1.06 (0.84, 1.35), MI [OR (95% CI) = 1.02 (0.79, 1.33)] or stroke [OR (95% CI) = 0.91 (0.66, 1.24)]. PheWAS revealed associations with blood related phenotypes consistent with EGLN's role, relevant kidney- and liver-related biomarkers like estimated glomerular filtration rate and microalbuminuria, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (Bonferroni-adjusted P < 5.42E-05) but these were not clinically meaningful. These findings suggest that long-term alterations in Hgb through PHD inhibition are unlikely to substantially increase cardiovascular disease risk; using large disease genome-wide association study data, we could exclude ORs of 1.35 for cardiovascular risk with a 1.00 g/dl increase in Hgb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charli E Harlow
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Vickas V Patel
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA.,Spark Therapeutics, Inc., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Dawn M Waterworth
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA.,Immunology Translational Sciences, Janssen, Spring House, PA 19044, USA
| | - Andrew R Wood
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Robin N Beaumont
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Katherine S Ruth
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Jessica Tyrrell
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Asami Oguro-Ando
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon EX2 5DW, UK
| | | | - Timothy M Frayling
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon EX2 5DW, UK
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Dixit NM, Ziaeian B, Fonarow GC. SGLT2 Inhibitors in Heart Failure: Early Initiation to Achieve Rapid Clinical Benefits. Heart Fail Clin 2022; 18:587-596. [PMID: 36216488 DOI: 10.1016/j.hfc.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are a recent addition to the pillars of medical therapy for heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction, all of which improve quality of life, morbidity, and mortality. These benefits are evident within the first 30 days of initiation. This review discusses the rationale for SGLT2i initiation in simultaneous or in rapid sequence with other guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT). We also discuss SGLT2i use and early benefits in HF patients with an ejection fraction greater than 40%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal M Dixit
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA. https://twitter.com/NealDixit
| | - Boback Ziaeian
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Division of Cardiology, Veteran Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA. https://twitter.com/boback
| | - Gregg C Fonarow
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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5
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Patel H, Modi N, Chaudhari J, Patel P, Giri P, Patel H, Pandya V, Desai R, Jain M. Nonclinical Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of Desidustat: a Novel Prolyl Hydroxylase Inhibitor for the Treatment of Anemia. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2022; 47:725-740. [PMID: 35881329 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-022-00788-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Desidustat is a novel prolyl hydroxylase domain (PHD) inhibitor for the treatment of anemia. The objective of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics and drug-drug interaction properties of desidustat using in vitro and in vivo nonclinical models. METHODS In vitro, Caco2 cell permeability, plasma protein binding, metabolism, cytochrome P450 (CYP) inhibition, and CYP induction were examined. In vivo, pharmacokinetic studies of oral bioavailability in mice, rats, dogs and monkeys, dose linearity, tissue distribution, and excretion in rats were conducted. RESULTS In Caco-2 cells, the apparent permeability of desidustat was high at low pH and low at neutral pH. The oral bioavailability (%F) of desidustat was 43-100% with a median time to reach peak concentration (Tmax) of about 0.25-1.3 h across species. Desidustat displayed a low mean plasma clearance (CL) of 1.3-4.1 mL/min/kg (approximately 1.8-7.4% of hepatic blood flow), and the mean steady-state volume of distribution (Vss) was 0.2-0.4 L/kg (approximately 30-61% of the total body water). Desidustat showed a dose-dependent increase in exposures over the 15-100 mg/kg dose range. It was rapidly distributed in various tissues, with the highest tissue-to-blood ratio in the liver (1.8) and kidney (1.7). Desidustat showed high plasma protein binding and was metabolically stable in human liver microsomes, hepatocytes, and recombinant CYPs. It did not show significant inhibition of major drug-metabolizing CYP enzymes (IC50 > 300 µM) or the potential to induce CYP1A2 and CYP3A4/5 (up to 100 µM) in HepG2 cells. It may have minimal potential of clinical drug-drug interaction when used in combination with iron supplements or phosphate binders. Desidustat was primarily excreted unchanged in urine (25% of the oral dose) and bile (25% of the oral dose) in rats. The mean elimination half-life of desidustat ranged from 1.0 to 5.3 h and 1.3 to 5.7 h across species after intravenous and oral administration, respectively. CONCLUSION Taken together, desidustat is well absorbed orally. It showed a dose-dependent increase in exposure, did not accumulate in tissue, and was eliminated via dual routes. It is metabolically stable, has minimal potential to cause clinical drug-drug interactions (DDIs), and demonstrates discriminable pharmacokinetic properties for the treatment of anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harilal Patel
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Zydus Research Centre, Zydus Lifesciences Limited, Sarkhej-Bavla N.H. No. 8A, Moraiya. Tal: Sanand, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382213, India.
| | - Nirav Modi
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Zydus Research Centre, Zydus Lifesciences Limited, Sarkhej-Bavla N.H. No. 8A, Moraiya. Tal: Sanand, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382213, India
| | - Jaimin Chaudhari
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Zydus Research Centre, Zydus Lifesciences Limited, Sarkhej-Bavla N.H. No. 8A, Moraiya. Tal: Sanand, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382213, India
| | - Prakash Patel
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Zydus Research Centre, Zydus Lifesciences Limited, Sarkhej-Bavla N.H. No. 8A, Moraiya. Tal: Sanand, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382213, India
| | - Poonam Giri
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Zydus Research Centre, Zydus Lifesciences Limited, Sarkhej-Bavla N.H. No. 8A, Moraiya. Tal: Sanand, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382213, India
| | - Hiren Patel
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Zydus Research Centre, Zydus Lifesciences Limited, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382213, India
| | - Vrajesh Pandya
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Zydus Research Centre, Zydus Lifesciences Limited, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382213, India
| | - Ranjit Desai
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Zydus Research Centre, Zydus Lifesciences Limited, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382213, India
| | - Mukul Jain
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Zydus Research Centre, Zydus Lifesciences Limited, Sarkhej-Bavla N.H. No. 8A, Moraiya. Tal: Sanand, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382213, India.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Zydus Research Centre, Zydus Lifesciences Limited, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382213, India
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6
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Lim J, Yu CJ, Yu H, Ha SJ. Erythropoietin therapy improves endothelial function in patients with non-dialysis chronic kidney disease and anemia (EARNEST-CKD): A clinical study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e27601. [PMID: 34678911 PMCID: PMC8542142 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000027601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated whether administering erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) improves endothelial function in patients with non-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) and anemia. METHODS This single-center, prospective, single-arm comparison study enrolled patients with non-dialysis CKD (stages 4-5) and hemoglobin levels <10 g/dL. ESA administration followed the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes guideline. The primary endpoint was the change in flow-mediated dilatation after ESA administration in individual patients. The secondary endpoints were changes in 6-minute walk test results, blood pressure, New York Heart Association class, and echocardiographic parameters. The echocardiographic parameters examined included chamber quantification, Doppler parameters, and systolic and diastolic function parameters. RESULTS Initially, 13 patients were screened, but 2 discontinued due to either heart failure or voluntary withdrawal. The mean flow-mediated dilatation values significantly increased by 10.59% (from 1.36% ± 1.91% to 11.95% ± 8.11%, P = .001). Echocardiographic findings showed that the left ventricular mass index decreased by 11.9 g/m2 (from 105.8 ± 16.3 to 93.9 ± 19.5 g/m2, P = .006), and the left atrial volume index decreased by 10.8 mL/m2 (from 50.1 ± 11.3 to 39.3 ± 11.3 mL/m2, P = .004) after 12 weeks of ESA administration. There were no significant differences between pre- and post-ESA treatment 6-minute walk test results. No significant side effects were observed during the study period. CONCLUSIONS This is the first clinical study to demonstrate that an ESA improves endothelial dysfunction, left ventricular hypertrophy, and left atrial volume in patients with non-dialysis CKD. Thus, ESAs may be considered as adjunctive therapy for reducing cardiovascular risk in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jina Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, GangNeung Asan Hospital, GangNeung, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung Jo Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine-Cardiology, GangNeung Asan Hospital, GangNeung, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, GangNeung Asan Hospital, GangNeung, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Jin Ha
- Department of Internal Medicine-Cardiology, GangNeung Asan Hospital, GangNeung, Republic of Korea
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Charrez B, Charwat V, Siemons BA, Goswami I, Sakolish C, Luo YS, Finsberg H, Edwards AG, Miller EW, Rusyn I, Healy KE. Heart Muscle Microphysiological System for Cardiac Liability Prediction of Repurposed COVID-19 Therapeutics. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:684252. [PMID: 34421592 PMCID: PMC8378272 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.684252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite global efforts, it took 7 months between the proclamation of global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and the first FDA-approved treatment for COVID-19. During this timeframe, clinicians focused their efforts on repurposing drugs, such as hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) or azithromycin (AZM) to treat hospitalized COVID-19 patients. While clinical trials are time-consuming, the exponential increase in hospitalizations compelled the FDA to grant an emergency use authorization for HCQ and AZM as treatment for COVID-19, although there was limited evidence of their combined efficacy and safety. The authorization was revoked 4 months later, giving rise to controversial political and scientific debates illustrating important challenges such as premature authorization of potentially ineffective or unsafe therapeutics, while diverting resources from screening of effective drugs. Here we report on a preclinical drug screening platform, a cardiac microphysiological system (MPS), to rapidly identify clinically relevant cardiac liabilities associated with HCQ and AZM. The cardiac MPS is a microfabricated fluidic system in which cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells self-arrange into a uniaxially beating tissue. The drug response was measured using outputs that correlate with clinical measurements such as action potential duration (proxy for clinical QT interval) and drug-biomarker pairing. The cardiac MPS predicted clinical arrhythmias associated with QT prolongation and rhythm instabilities in tissues treated with HCQ. We found no change in QT interval upon acute exposure to AZM, while still observing a significant increase in arrhythmic events. These results suggest that this MPS can not only predict arrhythmias, but it can also identify arrhythmias even when QT prolongation is absent. When exposed to HCQ and AZM polytherapy, this MPS faithfully reflected clinical findings, in that the combination of drugs synergistically increased QT interval when compared to single drug exposure, while not worsening the overall frequency of arrhythmic events. The high content cardiac MPS can rapidly evaluate the cardiac safety of potential therapeutics, ultimately accelerating patients' access to safe and effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bérénice Charrez
- Department of Bioengineering and California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Verena Charwat
- Department of Bioengineering and California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Brian A. Siemons
- Department of Bioengineering and California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Ishan Goswami
- Department of Bioengineering and California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Courtney Sakolish
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Yu-Syuan Luo
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | | | - Andrew G. Edwards
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Evan W. Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Ivan Rusyn
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Kevin E. Healy
- Department of Bioengineering and California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
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A small-molecule inhibitor of hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase improves obesity, nephropathy and cardiomyopathy in obese ZSF1 rats. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255022. [PMID: 34339435 PMCID: PMC8328318 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolyl hydroxylase (PH) enzymes control the degradation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), a transcription factor known to regulate erythropoiesis, angiogenesis, glucose metabolism, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. HIF-PH inhibitors (HIF-PHIs) correct anemia in patients with renal disease and in animal models of anemia and kidney disease. However, the effects of HIF-PHIs on comorbidities associated with kidney disease remain largely unknown. We evaluated the effects of the HIF-PHI FG-2216 in obese ZSF1 (Ob-ZSF1) rats, an established model of kidney failure with metabolic syndrome. Following unilateral nephrectomy (Nx) at 8 weeks of age, rats were treated with 40 mg/kg FG-2216 or vehicle by oral gavage three times per week for up to 18 weeks. FG-2216 corrected blood hemoglobin levels and improved kidney function and histopathology in Nx-Ob-ZSF1 rats by increasing the glomerular filtration rate, decreasing proteinuria, and reducing peritubular fibrosis, tubular damage, glomerulosclerosis and mesangial expansion. FG-2216 increased renal glucose excretion and decreased body weight, fat pad weight, and serum cholesterol in Nx-Ob-ZSF1 rats. Additionally, FG-2216 corrected hypertension, improved diastolic and systolic heart function, and reduced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. In conclusion, the HIF-PHI FG-2216 improved renal and cardiovascular outcomes, and reduced obesity in a rat model of kidney disease with metabolic syndrome. Thus, in addition to correcting anemia, HIF-PHIs may provide renal and cardiac protection to patients suffering from kidney disease with metabolic syndrome.
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Abstract
The interaction between nephrology and cardiovascular medicine is much broader than the cardiorenal syndrome. Many different aspects of cardiovascular medicine are interconnected with and substantially influenced by the conditions that fall into the realm of nephrology, and vice versa. Those aspects include pathophysiology, risk factors, epidemiology, prognosis, prevention, diagnosis, monitoring, and therapy. Discovery of the interconnected areas and development of appropriate knowledge and skill to optimally approach those circumstances can improve the quality of care and outcome of a large population of patients. Therefore, establishment of the distinct subspeciality of nephrocardiology is imperative.
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The effect of erythropoietin on cardiac and neurotoxicity induced by carbon monoxide poisoning. PHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.52547/phypha.27.1.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Dhillon SK, Wassink G, Lear CA, Davidson JO, Gunn AJ, Bennet L. Adverse neural effects of delayed, intermittent treatment with rEPO after asphyxia in preterm fetal sheep. J Physiol 2021; 599:3593-3609. [PMID: 34032286 DOI: 10.1113/jp281269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS We have previously shown that high-dose constant infusion of recombinant human erythropoietin (rEPO) from 30 min to 72 h after asphyxia in preterm fetal sheep reduced histological injury and improved electrophysiological recovery. This study shows that a high-dose infusion of rEPO from 6 to 72 h after asphyxia did not improve EEG recovery, oligodendrocyte and neuronal survival at 1 week post-asphyxia. Of concern, intermittent rEPO boluses started 6 h after asphyxia were associated with impaired EEG recovery and bilateral cystic injury of temporal lobe intragyral white matter. Intermittent boluses of rEPO were associated with significantly increased cerebral vascular resistance and hypoperfusion, particularly after the first dose, but did not affect seizures, suggesting mismatch between perfusion and brain activity. ABSTRACT Recombinant human erythropoietin (rEPO) is a promising treatment for hypoxic-ischaemic brain injury. Disappointingly, a large randomized controlled trial in preterm infants found that prophylactic, repeated high-dose rEPO boluses started within 24 h of birth did not improve neurodevelopmental outcomes. We examined whether initiation of a continuous infusion of rEPO at the end of the latent phase after hypoxic-ischaemia (HI) might improve outcomes compared with intermittent bolus injections. Chronically instrumented preterm (0.7 gestation) fetal sheep received sham asphyxia or asphyxia induced by complete umbilical cord occlusion for 25 min. Six hours after asphyxia, fetuses received either a continuous infusion of rEPO (loading dose 2000 IU, infusion at 520 IU/h) from 6 to 72 h post-asphyxia or intravenous saline or 5000 IU rEPO, with repeated doses every 48 h for 5 days. Continuous infusion of rEPO did not improve EEG recovery, oligodendrocyte and neuronal survival at 1 week post-asphyxia. By contrast, intermittent rEPO boluses were associated with impaired EEG recovery and bilateral cystic injury of temporal lobe intragyral white matter in 6/8 fetuses. These studies demonstrate for the first time that initiation of intermittent rEPO boluses 6 h after HI, at a dose comparable with recent clinical trials, exacerbated neural injury. These data reinforce the importance of early initiation of many potential neuroprotective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guido Wassink
- Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Joanne O Davidson
- Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Alistair J Gunn
- Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Laura Bennet
- Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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12
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Gavini MP, Mahmood A, Belenchia AM, Beauparlant P, Kumar SA, Ardhanari S, DeMarco VG, Pulakat L. Suppression of Inflammatory Cardiac Cytokine Network in Rats with Untreated Obesity and Pre-Diabetes by AT2 Receptor Agonist NP-6A4. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:693167. [PMID: 34220518 PMCID: PMC8253363 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.693167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity affects over 42% of the United States population and exacerbates heart disease, the leading cause of death in men and women. Obesity also increases pro-inflammatory cytokines that cause chronic tissue damage to vital organs. The standard-of-care does not sufficiently attenuate these inflammatory sequelae. Angiotensin II receptor AT2R is an anti-inflammatory and cardiovascular protective molecule; however, AT2R agonists are not used in the clinic to treat heart disease. NP-6A4 is a new AT2R peptide agonist with an FDA orphan drug designation for pediatric cardiomyopathy. NP-6A4 increases AT2R expression (mRNA and protein) and nitric oxide generation in human cardiovascular cells. AT2R-antagonist PD123319 and AT2RSiRNA suppress NP-6A4-effects indicating that NP-6A4 acts through AT2R. To determine whether NP-6A4 would mitigate cardiac damage from chronic inflammation induced by untreated obesity, we investigated the effects of 2-weeks NP-6A4 treatment (1.8 mg/kg delivered subcutaneously) on cardiac pathology of male Zucker obese (ZO) rats that display obesity, pre-diabetes and cardiac dysfunction. NP-6A4 attenuated cardiac diastolic and systolic dysfunction, cardiac fibrosis and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, but increased myocardial capillary density. NP-6A4 treatment suppressed tubulointerstitial injury marker urinary β-NAG, and liver injury marker alkaline phosphatase in serum. These protective effects of NP-6A4 occurred in the presence of obesity, hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia, and without modulating blood pressure. NP-6A4 increased expression of AT2R (consistent with human cells) and cardioprotective erythropoietin (EPO) and Notch1 in ZO rat heart, but suppressed nineteen inflammatory cytokines. Cardiac miRNA profiling and in silico analysis showed that NP-6A4 activated a unique miRNA network that may regulate expression of AT2R, EPO, Notch1 and inflammatory cytokines, and mitigate cardiac pathology. Seventeen pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic cytokines that increase during lethal cytokine storms caused by infections such as COVID-19 were among the cytokines suppressed by NP-6A4 treatment in ZO rat heart. Thus, NP-6A4 activates a novel anti-inflammatory network comprised of 21 proteins in the heart that was not reported previously. Since NP-6A4's unique mode of action suppresses pro-inflammatory cytokine network and attenuates myocardial damage, it can be an ideal adjuvant drug with other anti-glycemic, anti-hypertensive, standard-of-care drugs to protect the heart tissues from pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic cytokine attack induced by obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abuzar Mahmood
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, MO, United States.,Department of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.,Harry S. Truman Memorial VA Hospital, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Anthony M Belenchia
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, MO, United States.,Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Paige Beauparlant
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, MO, United States.,Department of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | | | | | - Vincent G DeMarco
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, MO, United States.,Department of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.,Harry S. Truman Memorial VA Hospital, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Lakshmi Pulakat
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, MO, United States.,Department of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.,Harry S. Truman Memorial VA Hospital, Columbia, MO, United States.,Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.,Tufts Medical Center and Department of Medicine, Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
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13
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Zhang A, Nakano D, Morisawa N, Kitada K, Kittikulsuth W, Rahman A, Morikawa T, Konishi Y, Nishiyama A. Effects of molidustat, a hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor, on sodium dynamics in hypertensive subtotally nephrectomized rats. J Pharmacol Sci 2021; 146:98-104. [PMID: 33941326 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2021.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase (HIF-PHD) inhibitors were developed for treatment of renal anemia. Patients applicable for HIF-PHD inhibitor treatment experience complications such as chronic kidney disease, whereby water and electrolyte homeostasis is disrupted. The effects of hypoxia-inducible factor stabilization on salt accumulation in the setting of reduced renal function remain unclear. In the present study, we investigated the effect of a HIF-PHD inhibitor, molidustat, on salt distribution and excretion in rats with subtotal nephrectomy-induced chronic kidney disease. Male Wistar rats were subjected to 5/6 nephrectomy. After confirming blood pressure elevation (>150 mmHg, at 4 weeks after surgery), rats were treated with molidustat. After 1 week of treatment, molidustat did not significantly improve blood cell volume or blood pressure. Distribution of sodium, potassium, and water in skin, carcass, and bone samples was not affected by molidustat. Furthermore, molidustat had no significant effect on urinary sodium excretion or concentration in response to acute oral salt loading (1 g/kg). In conclusion, molidustat did not affect distribution or excretion of salt in rats subjected to a model of nephron loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Daisuke Nakano
- Department of Pharmacology, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan.
| | | | - Kento Kitada
- Department of Pharmacology, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | | | - Asadur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacology, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Morikawa
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshio Konishi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akira Nishiyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
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14
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Szabo B, Tanczos B, Varga A, Barath B, Ghanem S, Rezsabek Z, Al-Smadi MW, Nemeth N. Micro-Rheological Changes of Red Blood Cells in the Presence of an Arterio-Venous Fistula or a Loop-Shaped Venous Graft in the Rat. Front Physiol 2020; 11:616528. [PMID: 33391035 PMCID: PMC7775550 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.616528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: In case of kidney failure, hemodialysis is the primary kidney replacement technique. Several vascular access methods used for the therapy, one of which is the arterio-venous fistula (AVF). In the AVF, the blood flow is altered, which can elevate the mechanical stress on the red blood cells (RBCs). This can affect the RBC hemorheological properties, and it can further cause systemic changes. To lower the turbulence and shear stress, we performed a loop-shaped arterio-arterial venous interposition graft (loop-shaped graft) to compare its effect to the conventional AVF. Materials and Methods: Thirty male Wistar were used (permission registration Nr.: 25/2016/UDCAW). The animals were randomly divided into sham-operated, AVF, and loop groups (n = 10/each). The superficial inferior epigastric vein (SIEV) was used to create the AVF and the loop-shaped graft. Blood samples were taken before/after the surgery and at the 1st, 3rd, and 5th postoperative weeks. We measured hemorhelogical, hematological, and blood gas parameters. The microcirculation of the hind limbs was also monitored using Laser Doppler fluxmetry. Results: Hematocrit, RBC count, and hemoglobin decreased by the 1st postoperative week. The erythrocyte aggregation values significantly increased in the fistula group by the 5th week (6.43 ± 2.31 vs. 13.60; p < 0.0001; vs. before operation). At the postoperative 1st week in the loop group, the values showed a significant decrease in RBC deformability. During the maturation period, dominantly at the 5th week, all values were normalized. The operated hind limb’s skin microcirculation significantly increased in the sham and loop group by the 1st week (39 ± 10.57 vs. 73.93 ± 1.97 BFU, p < 0.01). This increase wasn’t observed in the fistula group probably due to a steal-effect. Conclusion: Unlike in the loop group, in the presence of the fistula, several rheological parameters have changed. The loop-shaped graft had only minimal impact on micro-rheological parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balazs Szabo
- Department of Operative Techniques and Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Clinical Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Bence Tanczos
- Department of Operative Techniques and Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Clinical Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Adam Varga
- Department of Operative Techniques and Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Clinical Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Barbara Barath
- Department of Operative Techniques and Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Clinical Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Souleiman Ghanem
- Department of Operative Techniques and Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Clinical Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zsofia Rezsabek
- Department of Operative Techniques and Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Mohammad Walid Al-Smadi
- Department of Operative Techniques and Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Norbert Nemeth
- Department of Operative Techniques and Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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15
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Effects of recreational scuba diving on erythropoiesis-"normobaric oxygen paradox" or "plasma volume regulation" as a trigger for erythropoietin? Eur J Appl Physiol 2020; 120:1689-1697. [PMID: 32488585 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-020-04395-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous studies have shown an increase in erythrocyte lipid peroxidation and a decrease in red blood cell (RBC) count, hemoglobin, and hematocrit after only one recreational scuba diving session. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of repetitive scuba diving on RBC parameters and erythropoiesis. METHODS Divers (N = 14) conducted one dive per week over 5 weeks at a depth of 20-30 m for 30 min. For measuring RBC parameters, erythropoietin, iron, and ferritin, blood samples were collected before and after the first, third, and fifth dive. RESULTS Between pre- and post-dive results, a statistically significant increase in RBC count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), RBC distribution width (RDW), iron, and ferritin was observed. Analysis of the results between the first, third, and fifth dive showed that the erythropoietin increase at the third (pre-dive p = 0.009; post-dive p = 0.004) and fifth dive (pre-dive p < 0.001; post-dive p = 0.003) was not accompanied by changes in RBC count, hemoglobin, iron, and ferritin. In parallel, a continuous increase in hematocrit, MCV, and RDW was observed, whereas mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) decreased. CONCLUSIONS Changes in RBC indices and EPO elevation indicate that the occasional switch from hyperoxia to normoxia or mechanisms for plasma volume regulation may be a step in the maintenance of erythropoiesis.
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16
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Tang Q, Ke H, Wu C, Zeng J, Li Z, Liu Y, Feng S, Xue Q, Xu X. Aqueous extract from You-Gui-Yin ameliorates cognitive impairment of chronic renal failure mice through targeting hippocampal CaMKIIα/CREB/BDNF and EPO/EPOR pathways. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 239:111925. [PMID: 31055001 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.111925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE You-Gui-Yin (YGY) is a traditional Chinese recipe used for reinforcing kidney essence which is recorded in Jingyue Quanshu written by Zhang Jingyue in Ming dynasty. According to traditional Chinese medicine theory, kidney essence is associated with brain and without sufficient kidney essence, cognitive impairment may occur. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of YGY extract on cognitive impairment of chronic renal failure (CRF) mice and explore the mechanisms involved. MATERIALS AND METHODS Aqueous extract of YGY was prepared from crude drugs and was quality controlled by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). CRF was induced by 0.2% adenine in mice and CRF mice were intragastrically administered with 1.5 g kg-1, 3.0 g kg-1, and 6.0 g kg-1 of YGY extract. Mice were identified with CRF by determining several biochemical and physiological indexes, including creatinine clearance rate, serum creatinine, serum urea nitrogen, serum Ca, serum P, serum Mg, body weight and body temperature. Morris water maze and novel object recognition tests were conducted for evaluation of cognitive function. In addition, changes of CaMKIIα/CREB/BDNF and EPO/EPOR pathways in hippocampus were examined by detecting the protein expressions of CaMKIIα, p-CaMKIIα (Thr286), CREB1, p-CREB1 (Ser133), BDNF, EPO, EPOR, p-EPOR (Tyr485), STAT5, and AKT1 using western blotting assays. Also, the primary EPO-producing cells in brain (i.e. astrocytes) and EPO expression regulator HIF-2α were checked by fluorescence microscopy and western blotting assay, respectively. RESULTS Nine components in YGY extract were figured out and monitored with their contents by HPLC for the quality control of YGY extract. Biochemical and physiological measurements validated the success of induction of CRF in mice, and YGY extract significantly retarded the CRF progression and ameliorated the CRF-induced cognitive impairment. The behavioral tests showed that compared with normal control mice, CRF mice had impaired cognitive function. However, treatment of YGY extract significantly ameliorated the cognitive impairment of CRF mice. Additionally, decreased expressions of hippocampal CaMKIIα, p-CaMKIIα (Thr286), CREB1, p-CREB1 (Ser133), and BDNF were observed in the hippocampus of CRF mice, but YGY extract significantly restored these protein expressions. Moreover, hippocampal EPO, EPOR, p-EPOR (Tyr485), STAT5, AKT1, and HIF-2α, as well as the number of astrocytes in CA1 zone of hippocampus were also decreased in CRF mice, while YGY extract prominently promoted the expressions of these proteins and increased the number of astrocytes. CONCLUSIONS All the data in this study suggested that YGY extract ameliorated the cognitive impairment of CRF mice, and this amelioration was related to up-regulating the CaMKIIα/CREB/BDNF and EPO/EPOR pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Tang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Hui Ke
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Chao Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jie Zeng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhuohen Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Shan Feng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening from Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400715, China; Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica - the Key Discipline Constructed by the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qiang Xue
- Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening from Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400715, China; Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica - the Key Discipline Constructed by the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400715, China.
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17
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Serum Erythroferrone Levels Associate with Mortality and Cardiovascular Events in Hemodialysis and in CKD Patients: A Two Cohorts Study. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8040523. [PMID: 30995819 PMCID: PMC6518296 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8040523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Erythroferrone (ERFE) is a hepcidin inhibitor whose synthesis is stimulated by erythropoietin, which increases iron absorption and mobilization. We studied the association between serum ERFE and mortality and non-fatal cardiovascular (CV) events in a cohort of 1123 hemodialysis patients and in a cohort of 745 stage 1–5 chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Erythroferrone was measured by a validated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In the hemodialysis cohort, serum ERFE associated directly with erythropoiesis stimulating agents (ESA) dose (p < 0.001) and inversely with serum iron and ferritin (p < 0.001). Erythroferrone associated with the combined outcome in an analysis adjusting for traditional risk factors, factors peculiar to end-stage kidney disease, serum ferritin, inflammation, and nutritional status (HR, hazard ratio, (5 ng/mL increase: 1.04, 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.01–1.08, p = 0.005). Furthermore, treatment with ESA modified the relationship between ERFE and the combined end-point in adjusted analyses (p for the effect modification = 0.018). Similarly, in CKD patients there was a linear increase in the risk for the same outcome in adjusted analyses (HR (2 ng/mL increase): 1.04, 95% CI: 1.0–1.07, p = 0.015). Serum ERFE is associated with mortality and CV events in CKD and in HD patients, and treatment by ESA amplifies the risk for this combined end-point in HD patients.
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18
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Törpel A, Peter B, Hamacher D, Schega L. Dose-response relationship of intermittent normobaric hypoxia to stimulate erythropoietin in the context of health promotion in young and old people. Eur J Appl Physiol 2019; 119:1065-1074. [PMID: 30756167 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-019-04096-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Erythropoietin (EPO) has multifactorial positive effects on health and can be increased by intermittent normobaric hypoxia (IH). Recommendations about the intensity and duration of IH to increase EPO exist, but only for young people. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate the dose-response relationship regarding the duration of hypoxia until an EPO expression and the amount of EPO expression in old vs. young cohorts. METHODS 56 young and 67 old people were assigned to two separate investigations with identical study designs (3-h hypoxic exposure) but with different approaches to adjust the intensity of hypoxia: (i) the fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) was 13.5%; (ii) the FiO2 was individually adjusted to an oxygen saturation of the blood of 80%. Age groups were randomly assigned to a hypoxia or control group (normoxic exposure). EPO was assessed before, during (90 and 180 min), and 30 min after the hypoxia. RESULTS EPO increased significantly after 180 min in both cohorts and in both investigations [old: (i) + 16%, p = 0.007 and (ii) + 14%, p < 0.001; young: (i) + 27%, p < 0.001 and (ii) + 45%, p = 0.007]. In investigation (i), EPO expression was significantly higher in young than in old people after 180 min of hypoxic exposure (p = 0.024) and 30 min afterwards (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION The results indicate that after a normobaric hypoxia of 180 min, EPO increases significantly in both age cohorts. The amount of EPO expression is significantly higher in young people during the same internal intensity of hypoxia than in old people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Törpel
- Institute III: Sport Science, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Zschokkestr. 32, 39104, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Beate Peter
- Institute III: Sport Science, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Zschokkestr. 32, 39104, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Dennis Hamacher
- Institute III: Sport Science, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Zschokkestr. 32, 39104, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Lutz Schega
- Institute III: Sport Science, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Zschokkestr. 32, 39104, Magdeburg, Germany
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19
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Jain M, Joharapurkar A, Patel V, Kshirsagar S, Sutariya B, Patel M, Patel H, Patel PR. Pharmacological inhibition of prolyl hydroxylase protects against inflammation-induced anemia via efficient erythropoiesis and hepcidin downregulation. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 843:113-120. [PMID: 30458168 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory diseases are often associated with anemia. In such conditions, anemia is generally treated with erythropoiesis stimulating agents (ESAs) which are associated with potentially hazardous side effects and poor outcomes. Suboptimal erythropoiesis in chronic inflammation is believed to be caused by elevated hepcidin levels, which causes blockade of iron in tissue stores. In the current work using rodent models of inflammation, an orally available small molecule prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor desidustat was assessed as an effective treatment of anemia of inflammation. In BALB/c mice, a single dose treatment of desidustat attenuated the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) - or turpentine oil-induced inflammation and increased serum erythropoietin (EPO), iron, and reticulocyte count, and decreased serum hepcidin levels. In turpentine oil-induced anemia in BALB/c mice, repeated dose desidustat treatment increased hemoglobin, RBC and hematocrit in a dose related manner. In female Lewis rats, treatment with desidustat markedly reduced PGPS-induced anemia and increased hemoglobin, red blood cell (RBC) and white blood cell (WBC) count, hematocrit, serum iron and spleen iron. These effects of desidustat were associated with reduction in hepcidin (HAMP) expression as well as reduction in serum hepcidin, and increased EPO expression in liver and kidneys. Desidustat treatment caused a significant increase in expression of Duodenal cytochrome B (DcytB), ferroportin (FPN1) and divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) in duodenum, and FPN1 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in liver suggesting an overall influence on iron metabolism. Thus, pharmacological inhibition of prolyl hydroxylase enzymes can be useful in treatment of anemia of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukul Jain
- Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Sarkhej Bavla NH 8 A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382210, India.
| | - Amit Joharapurkar
- Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Sarkhej Bavla NH 8 A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382210, India
| | - Vishal Patel
- Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Sarkhej Bavla NH 8 A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382210, India
| | - Samadhan Kshirsagar
- Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Sarkhej Bavla NH 8 A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382210, India
| | - Brijesh Sutariya
- Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Sarkhej Bavla NH 8 A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382210, India
| | - Maulik Patel
- Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Sarkhej Bavla NH 8 A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382210, India
| | - Hiren Patel
- Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Sarkhej Bavla NH 8 A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382210, India
| | - Pankaj R Patel
- Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Sarkhej Bavla NH 8 A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382210, India
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20
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Liu F, Wen Y, Kang J, Wei C, Wang M, Zheng Z, Peng J. Regulation of TLR4 expression mediates the attenuating effect of erythropoietin on inflammation and myocardial fibrosis in rat heart. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:1436-1444. [PMID: 29845292 PMCID: PMC6089778 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism underlying the anti-inflammatory or antifibrotic activity of erythropoietin (EPO) in myocardial fibrosis (MF) remains elusive. In the current study, abdominal aortic constriction (AAC) was performed on rats and EPO and/or Toll-like receptor (TLR)4 were overexpressed in rat hearts through intramyocardial administration of lentivirus expressing the EPO and TLR4 genes. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and Masson's trichrome staining were performed on tissue sections from rat hearts for histopathological examination. ELISA was used to determine the levels of inflammatory mediators in serum. Gene expression levels were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis and protein expression levels were determined by western blot analysis and immunofluorescence staining. The results indicated that EPO overexpression improved MF in rat hearts, by inhibiting the release of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, IL-17A, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and MMP-2. Moreover, EPO overexpression suppressed the expression of TLR4, while promoting phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and phosphorylated AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 (Akt) expression levels. However, the beneficial effects of EPO were attenuated by overexpression of TLR4. In addition, inhibition of PI3K/Akt signaling activity by treatment with LY294002 markedly reversed the protective effect of EPO on the AAC-induced MF. Taken together, the present study demonstrated that EPO may have a critical role against MF by activating PI3K/Akt signaling and by down-regulating TLR4 expression, thereby inhibiting the release of TGF-β1, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-17A, MMP-9 and MMP-2. These findings suggest that the PI3K/Akt/TLR4 signaling pathway is associated with the anti-inflammatory effects of EPO and may play a role in attenuating AAC-induced MF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Wen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Jinyuan Kang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Third Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330009, P.R. China
| | - Chunying Wei
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Menghong Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Zeqi Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Jingtian Peng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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21
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Sgrò P, Sansone M, Sansone A, Romanelli F, Di Luigi L. Effects of erythropoietin abuse on exercise performance. PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 2018; 46:105-115. [PMID: 29113535 DOI: 10.1080/00913847.2018.1402663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The present review provides a comprehensive overview on the erythropoietic and non-erythropoietic effects of rHuEpo on human sport performance, paying attention to quantifying numerically how rHuEpo affects exercise performance and describing physiological changes regarding the most important exercise variables. Much attention has been paid to treatment schedules, in particular, to assess the effects of microdoses of rHuEpo and the prolonged effects on sport performance following withdrawal. Moreover, the review takes into account non-erythropoietic ergogenic effects of rHuEpo, including cognitive benefits of rHuEpo. A significant increase in both Vo2max and maximal cycling power was evidenced in studies taken into account for this review. rHuEpo, administered at clinical dosage, may have significant effects on haematological values, maximal and submaximal physiological variables, whereas few reports show positive effects on exercise perfomance. However, the influence of micro-dose rHuEpo on endurance performance in athletes is still unclear and further studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Sgrò
- a Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Unit of Endocrinology , Università degli Studi di Roma "Foro Italico" Piazza Lauro de Bosis , Rome , Italy
| | - Massimiliano Sansone
- b Department of Experimental Medicine , "Sapienza" Università di Roma , Rome , Italy
| | - Andrea Sansone
- b Department of Experimental Medicine , "Sapienza" Università di Roma , Rome , Italy
| | - Francesco Romanelli
- b Department of Experimental Medicine , "Sapienza" Università di Roma , Rome , Italy
| | - Luigi Di Luigi
- a Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Unit of Endocrinology , Università degli Studi di Roma "Foro Italico" Piazza Lauro de Bosis , Rome , Italy
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22
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Rezaee MA, Moallem SA, Mohammadpour AH, Mahmoudi M, Sankian M, Farzadnia M, Alavi H, Imenshahidi M. Histopathological study of erythropoietin protective effect on carbon monoxide-induced cardiotoxicity in rat. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2018; 20:1189-1193. [PMID: 29299194 PMCID: PMC5749351 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2017.9471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective(s): Cardiotoxicity is one of the major consequences in carbon monoxide poisoning. Following our previous work, in this study we aimed to define the myocardium changes induced by carbon monoxide (CO) intoxication and evaluate erythropoietin (EPO) effect on CO cardiotoxicity in rat. Materials and Methods: Severe carbon monoxide toxicity induced by 3000 ppm CO in Wistar rat. EPO was administrated (5000 IU/Kg, intraperitoneal injection) at the end of CO exposure and then the animals were re-oxygenated with the ambient air. Subsequently heart was removed and assessed by histopathology and electron microscopy examinations. Results: 3000 ppm CO induced significant myocardium injury; multiple foci of necrosis and lymphocyte infiltration compare with the control (P<0.05). Electron microscopy examination showed myofibril lysis and mitochondrial swelling in myocardium due to 3000 ppm CO poisoning. However EPO administration after CO exposure resulted in significant reduction in cardiomyocytes injury (P<0.05). Conclusion: Our results represented protective effect of EPO on cardiac injury induced by CO intoxication in rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Asgharian Rezaee
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Seyed Adel Moallem
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Hooshang Mohammadpour
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Mahmoudi
- Immunology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Sankian
- Immunobiochemistry Laboratory, Immunology Research Center, Bu-Ali research Institute, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehdi Farzadnia
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hassan Alavi
- Electron Microscope Unit, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Medicine, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohsen Imenshahidi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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23
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Shi M, Flores B, Li P, Gillings N, McMillan KL, Ye J, Huang LJS, Sidhu SS, Zhong YP, Grompe MT, Streeter PR, Moe OW, Hu MC. Effects of erythropoietin receptor activity on angiogenesis, tubular injury, and fibrosis in acute kidney injury: a "U-shaped" relationship. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2017; 314:F501-F516. [PMID: 29187371 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00306.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The erythropoietin receptor (EpoR) is widely expressed but its renoprotective action is unexplored. To examine the role of EpoR in vivo in the kidney, we induced acute kidney injury (AKI) by ischemia-reperfusion in mice with different EpoR bioactivities in the kidney. EpoR bioactivity was reduced by knockin of wild-type human EpoR, which is hypofunctional relative to murine EpoR, and a renal tubule-specific EpoR knockout. These mice had lower EPO/EpoR activity and lower autophagy flux in renal tubules. Upon AKI induction, they exhibited worse renal function and structural damage, more apoptosis at the acute stage (<7 days), and slower recovery with more tubulointerstitial fibrosis at the subacute stage (14 days). In contrast, mice with hyperactive EpoR signaling from knockin of a constitutively active human EpoR had higher autophagic flux, milder kidney damage, and better renal function at the acute stage but, surprisingly, worse tubulointerstitial fibrosis and renal function at the subacute stage. Either excess or deficient EpoR activity in the kidney was associated with abnormal peritubular capillaries and tubular hypoxia, creating a "U-shaped" relationship. The direct effects of EpoR on tubular cells were confirmed in vitro by a hydrogen peroxide model using primary cultured proximal tubule cells with different EpoR activities. In summary, normal erythropoietin (EPO)/EpoR signaling in renal tubules provides defense against renal tubular injury maintains the autophagy-apoptosis balance and peritubular capillary integrity. High and low EPO/EpoR bioactivities both lead to vascular defect, and high EpoR activity overides the tubular protective effects in AKI recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjun Shi
- Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, Texas
| | - Brianna Flores
- Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, Texas
| | - Peng Li
- Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, Texas.,Department of Nephrology, Yu-Huang-Ding Hospital, Qingdao University , Yantai, Shandong , People's Republic of China
| | - Nancy Gillings
- Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, Texas
| | - Kathryn L McMillan
- Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, Texas
| | - Jianfeng Ye
- Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, Texas
| | - Lily Jun-Shen Huang
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, Texas
| | - Sachdev S Sidhu
- Banting and Best Department of Medical Research and Department of Molecular Genetics, The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
| | - Yong-Ping Zhong
- Pape Family Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University , Portland, Oregon
| | - Maria T Grompe
- Pape Family Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University , Portland, Oregon
| | - Philip R Streeter
- Pape Family Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University , Portland, Oregon
| | - Orson W Moe
- Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, Texas.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, Texas.,Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, Texas
| | - Ming Chang Hu
- Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, Texas.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, Texas
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24
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Yu YB, Su KH, Kou YR, Guo BC, Lee KI, Wei J, Lee TS. Role of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 in regulating erythropoietin-induced activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2017; 219:465-477. [PMID: 27232578 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Erythropoietin (EPO), the key hormone involved in erythropoiesis, beneficially affects endothelial cells (ECs), but the detailed mechanisms are yet to be completely understood. In this study, we investigated the role of transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1), a ligand-gated non-selective calcium (Ca2+ ) channel, in EPO-mediated endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activation and angiogenesis. METHODS AND RESULTS In ECs, EPO time dependently increased intracellular levels of calcium; this increase was abrogated by the Ca2+ chelators and pharmacological inhibitors of TRPV1 in bovine aortic ECs (BAECs) and TRPV1-transfected HEK293 cells. In addition, EPO-induced nitrite oxide (NO) production, phosphorylation of eNOS, Akt and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the formation of TRPV1-Akt-AMPK-eNOS complex as well as tube formation were diminished by the pharmacological inhibition of TRPV1 in BAECs. Moreover, EPO time dependently induced the phosphorylation of phospholipase C-γ1 (PLC-γ1). Inhibition of PLC-γ1 activity blunted the EPO-induced Ca2+ influx, eNOS phosphorylation, TRPV1-eNOS complex formation and NO production. The phosphorylated level of eNOS increased in the aortas of EPO-treated wild-type (WT) mice or EPO-transgenic (Tg) mice but not in those of EPO-treated TRPV1-deficient (TRPV1-/- ) mice or EPO-Tg/TRPV1-/- mice. Matrigel plug assay showed that EPO-induced angiogenesis was abrogated in TRPV1 antagonist capsazepine-treated WT mice and TRPV1-/- mice. CONCLUSION These findings indicate the EPO-induced Ca2+ influx via the activation of the PLC-γ1 signalling pathway, which leads to TRPV1 activation and consequently increases the association of the TRPV1-Akt-AMPK-eNOS complex, eNOS activation, NO production and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y.-B. Yu
- Institute of Physiology; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
- Division of Hematology; Department of Medicine; Taipei Veterans General Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
| | - K.-H. Su
- Institute of Physiology; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
- The Jackson Laboratory; Bar Harbor ME USA
| | - Y. R. Kou
- Institute of Physiology; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - B.-C. Guo
- Institute of Physiology; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - K.-I. Lee
- Institute of Physiology; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - J. Wei
- Heart Center; Cheng-Hsin General Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
| | - T.-S. Lee
- Institute of Physiology; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
- Genome Research Center; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
- Aging and Health Research Center; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
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25
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Berendsen RR, Lindeman RC, Boom M, Aarts LPHJ, van Dorp ELA, Teppema LJ. Erythropoietin does not have effects on the ventilatory and pulmonary vascular response to acute hypoxia in men and women. Exp Physiol 2016; 101:1230-1240. [DOI: 10.1113/ep085675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Remco R. Berendsen
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Anesthesiology; Leiden The Netherlands
| | | | - Merel Boom
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Anesthesiology; Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Leon P. H. J. Aarts
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Anesthesiology; Leiden The Netherlands
| | | | - Luc J. Teppema
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Anesthesiology; Leiden The Netherlands
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26
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Garimella PS, Katz R, Patel KV, Kritchevsky SB, Parikh CR, Ix JH, Fried LF, Newman AB, Shlipak MG, Harris TB, Sarnak MJ. Association of Serum Erythropoietin With Cardiovascular Events, Kidney Function Decline, and Mortality: The Health Aging and Body Composition Study. Circ Heart Fail 2016; 9:e002124. [PMID: 26721912 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.115.002124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies suggest that in patients with heart failure (HF), high serum erythropoietin is associated with risk of recurrent HF and mortality. Trials of erythropoietin-stimulating agents in persons with kidney disease have also suggested an increased incidence of adverse clinical events. No large studies of which we are aware have evaluated the association of endogenous erythropoietin levels with clinical outcomes in the community-living older adults. METHODS AND RESULTS Erythropoietin concentration was measured in 2488 participants aged 70-79 years in the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study. Associations of erythropoietin with incident HF, coronary heart disease, stroke, mortality, and ≥ 30% decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate were examined using Cox proportional hazards and logistic regression over 10.7 years of follow-up. Mean (SD) age was 75 (3) years and median (quartile 1, quartile 3) erythropoietin was 12.3 (9.0, 17.2) mIU/mL. There were 503 incident HF events, and each doubling of serum erythropoietin was associated with a 25% increased risk of incident HF 1.25 (95% confidence interval 1.13, 1.48) after adjusting for demographics, prevalent cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular disease risk factors, kidney function, and serum hemoglobin. There was no interaction of serum erythropoietin with chronic kidney disease or anemia (P > 0.50). There were 330 incident coronary heart disease events, 161 strokes, 1112 deaths, and 698 outcomes of ≥ 30% decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate. Serum erythropoietin was not significantly associated with these outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Higher levels of endogenous erythropoietin are associated with incident HF in older adults. Studies need to elucidate the mechanisms through which endogenous erythropoietin levels associate with specific outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranav S Garimella
- From the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (P.S.G., M.J.S.); Kidney Research Institute (R.K.) and Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (K.V.P.), University of Washington, Seattle; Sticht Center on Aging, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (S.B.K.); Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (C.R.P.); Nephrology Section, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System and Division of Nephrology and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego (J.H.I.); Renal Section, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System (L.F.F.) and Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health (A.B.N.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (M.G.S.); Department of General Internal Medicine, San Francisco VA Medical Center, CA (M.G.S.); and Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MA (T.B.H.)
| | - Ronit Katz
- From the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (P.S.G., M.J.S.); Kidney Research Institute (R.K.) and Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (K.V.P.), University of Washington, Seattle; Sticht Center on Aging, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (S.B.K.); Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (C.R.P.); Nephrology Section, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System and Division of Nephrology and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego (J.H.I.); Renal Section, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System (L.F.F.) and Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health (A.B.N.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (M.G.S.); Department of General Internal Medicine, San Francisco VA Medical Center, CA (M.G.S.); and Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MA (T.B.H.)
| | - Kushang V Patel
- From the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (P.S.G., M.J.S.); Kidney Research Institute (R.K.) and Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (K.V.P.), University of Washington, Seattle; Sticht Center on Aging, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (S.B.K.); Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (C.R.P.); Nephrology Section, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System and Division of Nephrology and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego (J.H.I.); Renal Section, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System (L.F.F.) and Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health (A.B.N.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (M.G.S.); Department of General Internal Medicine, San Francisco VA Medical Center, CA (M.G.S.); and Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MA (T.B.H.)
| | - Stephen B Kritchevsky
- From the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (P.S.G., M.J.S.); Kidney Research Institute (R.K.) and Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (K.V.P.), University of Washington, Seattle; Sticht Center on Aging, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (S.B.K.); Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (C.R.P.); Nephrology Section, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System and Division of Nephrology and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego (J.H.I.); Renal Section, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System (L.F.F.) and Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health (A.B.N.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (M.G.S.); Department of General Internal Medicine, San Francisco VA Medical Center, CA (M.G.S.); and Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MA (T.B.H.)
| | - Chirag R Parikh
- From the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (P.S.G., M.J.S.); Kidney Research Institute (R.K.) and Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (K.V.P.), University of Washington, Seattle; Sticht Center on Aging, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (S.B.K.); Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (C.R.P.); Nephrology Section, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System and Division of Nephrology and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego (J.H.I.); Renal Section, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System (L.F.F.) and Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health (A.B.N.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (M.G.S.); Department of General Internal Medicine, San Francisco VA Medical Center, CA (M.G.S.); and Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MA (T.B.H.)
| | - Joachim H Ix
- From the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (P.S.G., M.J.S.); Kidney Research Institute (R.K.) and Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (K.V.P.), University of Washington, Seattle; Sticht Center on Aging, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (S.B.K.); Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (C.R.P.); Nephrology Section, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System and Division of Nephrology and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego (J.H.I.); Renal Section, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System (L.F.F.) and Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health (A.B.N.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (M.G.S.); Department of General Internal Medicine, San Francisco VA Medical Center, CA (M.G.S.); and Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MA (T.B.H.)
| | - Linda F Fried
- From the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (P.S.G., M.J.S.); Kidney Research Institute (R.K.) and Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (K.V.P.), University of Washington, Seattle; Sticht Center on Aging, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (S.B.K.); Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (C.R.P.); Nephrology Section, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System and Division of Nephrology and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego (J.H.I.); Renal Section, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System (L.F.F.) and Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health (A.B.N.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (M.G.S.); Department of General Internal Medicine, San Francisco VA Medical Center, CA (M.G.S.); and Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MA (T.B.H.)
| | - Anne B Newman
- From the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (P.S.G., M.J.S.); Kidney Research Institute (R.K.) and Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (K.V.P.), University of Washington, Seattle; Sticht Center on Aging, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (S.B.K.); Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (C.R.P.); Nephrology Section, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System and Division of Nephrology and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego (J.H.I.); Renal Section, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System (L.F.F.) and Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health (A.B.N.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (M.G.S.); Department of General Internal Medicine, San Francisco VA Medical Center, CA (M.G.S.); and Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MA (T.B.H.)
| | - Michael G Shlipak
- From the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (P.S.G., M.J.S.); Kidney Research Institute (R.K.) and Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (K.V.P.), University of Washington, Seattle; Sticht Center on Aging, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (S.B.K.); Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (C.R.P.); Nephrology Section, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System and Division of Nephrology and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego (J.H.I.); Renal Section, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System (L.F.F.) and Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health (A.B.N.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (M.G.S.); Department of General Internal Medicine, San Francisco VA Medical Center, CA (M.G.S.); and Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MA (T.B.H.)
| | - Tamara B Harris
- From the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (P.S.G., M.J.S.); Kidney Research Institute (R.K.) and Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (K.V.P.), University of Washington, Seattle; Sticht Center on Aging, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (S.B.K.); Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (C.R.P.); Nephrology Section, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System and Division of Nephrology and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego (J.H.I.); Renal Section, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System (L.F.F.) and Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health (A.B.N.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (M.G.S.); Department of General Internal Medicine, San Francisco VA Medical Center, CA (M.G.S.); and Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MA (T.B.H.)
| | - Mark J Sarnak
- From the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (P.S.G., M.J.S.); Kidney Research Institute (R.K.) and Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (K.V.P.), University of Washington, Seattle; Sticht Center on Aging, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (S.B.K.); Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (C.R.P.); Nephrology Section, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System and Division of Nephrology and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego (J.H.I.); Renal Section, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System (L.F.F.) and Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health (A.B.N.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (M.G.S.); Department of General Internal Medicine, San Francisco VA Medical Center, CA (M.G.S.); and Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MA (T.B.H.).
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Rubini A, Frigo A, Carniel EL. A review of the effects of some endocrinological factors on respiratory mechanics. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2016; 31:890-3. [PMID: 27000930 DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2016.1158174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Endocrinological factors have been recently described to affect respiratory mechanics. OBJECTIVE To review recent literature data, most of all obtained by the end-inflation occlusion method, describing the effects of molecules of endocrinological interest such as endothelin, erythropoietin and renin-angiotensin, on respiratory mechanics parameters. METHODS The papers considered in this review were found by inserting in Pubmed/Medline the following indexing terms: hormones, endothelin, erythropoietin, angiotensin and respiratory mechanics. RESULTS It was found that the above cited molecules, beside their well known physiological main effects, exhibit influences on respiratory mechanics, most of all on the airflow resistance, which was described to be increased by endothelin and angiotensin, and decreased by erythropoietin. CONCLUSIONS A number of molecules of biological interest exhibit unexpected influences on respiratory mechanics. The clinical effects depend on the consequences of modified inspiratory pressure values the respiratory muscles have to perform for a given breathing pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Rubini
- a Department of Biomedical Sciences , University of Padova , Padova , Italy and
| | - Alessandro Frigo
- b Centre of Mechanics of Biological Materials, University of Padova , Padova , Italy
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Protective effect of erythropoietin on myocardial apoptosis in rats exposed to carbon monoxide. Life Sci 2016; 148:118-24. [PMID: 26855001 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Cardiac complications are common in carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning and associated with high morbidity and mortality. We have previously shown that erythropoietin (EPO) could reduce CO-induced cardiac ischemia in rat. In the current study, the anti-apoptotic effect of EPO during CO cardiotoxicity was investigated in order to elucidate the mechanism of EPO anti-ischemic action. MAIN METHODS Wistar rats were exposed to CO (250, 1000 and 3000ppm). EPO (5000IU/kg) was administered to all groups by intraperitoneal injection at the end of CO exposure period. TUNEL and caspase-3 activity levels were assessed to investigate the effects of CO exposure and subsequent EPO administration on myocardial apoptosis. The changes of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were also assessed with sensitive lipophilic dye JC-1 by flow cytometry. The roles of Bcl2 and Bax in EPO protective effect were investigated by Western blotting. KEY FINDINGS Myocardial apoptosis was observed following CO exposure. Moreover, mitochondrial membrane depolarization and significant reduction in Bcl2/Bax ratio were shown following CO poisoning especially at 3000ppm. On the other hand, EPO administration could effectively suppress apoptosis in myocardial cells. Also, EPO significantly prevented the CO-induced depolarization of MMP (p<0.001) and preserved Bcl2/Bax ratio (p<0.01). SIGNIFICANCE EPO reduces myocardial injury due to CO intoxication. Thus EPO could be suggested as a possible candidate for the management of CO cardiotoxicity with clinical applications.
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Effect of a Single Bolus of Erythropoietin on Renoprotection in Patients Undergoing Thoracic Aortic Surgery With Moderate Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest. Ann Thorac Surg 2016; 101:690-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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EPO-independent functional EPO receptor in breast cancer enhances estrogen receptor activity and promotes cell proliferation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 445:163-9. [PMID: 24502950 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.01.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The main function of Erythropoietin (EPO) and its receptor (EPOR) is the stimulation of erythropoiesis. Recombinant human EPO (rhEPO) is therefore used to treat anemia in cancer patients. However, clinical trials have indicated that rhEPO treatment might promote tumor progression and has a negative effect on patient survival. In addition, EPOR expression has been detected in several cancer forms. Using a newly produced anti-EPOR antibody that reliably detects the full-length isoform of the EPOR we show that breast cancer tissue and cells express the EPOR protein. rhEPO stimulation of cultured EPOR expressing breast cancer cells did not result in increased proliferation, overt activation of EPOR (receptor phosphorylation) or a consistent activation of canonical EPOR signaling pathway mediators such as JAK2, STAT3, STAT5, or AKT. However, EPOR knockdown experiments suggested functional EPO receptors in estrogen receptor positive (ERα(+)) breast cancer cells, as reduced EPOR expression resulted in decreased proliferation. This effect on proliferation was not seen in ERα negative cells. EPOR knockdown decreased ERα activity further supports a mechanism by which EPOR affects proliferation via ERα-mediated mechanisms. We show that EPOR protein is expressed in breast cancer cells, where it appears to promote proliferation by an EPO-independent mechanism in ERα expressing breast cancer cells.
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Fahmi A, Smart N, Punn A, Jabr R, Marber M, Heads R. p42/p44-MAPK and PI3K are sufficient for IL-6 family cytokines/gp130 to signal to hypertrophy and survival in cardiomyocytes in the absence of JAK/STAT activation. Cell Signal 2012; 25:898-909. [PMID: 23268184 PMCID: PMC3627957 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2012.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The effect of differential signalling by IL-6 and leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) which signal by gp130 homodimerisation or LIFRβ/gp130 heterodimerisation on survival and hypertrophy was studied in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Both LIF and IL-6 [in the absence of soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6Rα)] activated Erk1/2, JNK1/2, p38-MAPK and PI3K signalling peaking at 20 min and induced cytoprotection against simulated ischemia-reperfusion injury which was blocked by the MEK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 but not the p38-MAPK inhibitor SB203580. In the absence of sIL-6R, IL-6 did not induce STAT1/3 phosphorylation, whereas IL-6/sIL-6R and LIF induced STAT1 and STAT3 phosphorylation. Furthermore, IL-6/sIL-6R induced phosphorylation of STAT1 Tyr701 and STAT3 Tyr705 were enhanced by SB203580. IL-6 and pheneylephrine (PE), but not LIF, induced cardiomyocyte iNOS expression and nitric oxide (NO) production. IL-6, LIF and PE induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, but with phenotypic differences in ANF and SERCA2 expression and myofilament organisation with IL-6 more resembling PE than LIF. Transfection of cardiomyocytes with full length or truncated chimaeric gp130 cytoplasmic domain/Erythropoietin receptor (EpoR) extracellular domain fusion constructs showed that the membrane proximal Box 1 and Box 2 containing region of gp130 was necessary and sufficient for MAPK and PI3K activation; hypertrophy; SERCA2 expression and iNOS/NO induction in the absence of JAK/STAT activation. In conclusion, IL-6 can signal in cardiomyocytes independent of sIL-6R and STAT1/3 and furthermore, that Erk1/2 and PI3K activation by IL-6 are both necessary and sufficient for induced cardioprotection. In addition, p38-MAPK may act as a negative feedback regulator of JAK/STAT activation in cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Fahmi
- King's College London, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, School of Medicine, UK
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Rubini A, del Monte D, Catena V. Erythropoietin acutely decreases airway resistance in the rat. REGULATORY PEPTIDES 2012; 178:76-79. [PMID: 22766248 DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2012.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Revised: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 06/22/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
While some experimental data suggest that erythropoietin (EPO) influences respiratory mechanics, reports on scientific trials are lacking. In the present work, respiratory mechanics were measured using the end-inflation occlusion method in control and EPO treated anaesthetised and positive-pressure ventilated rats. Causing an abrupt inspiratory flow arrest, the end-inflation occlusion method makes it possible to measure the ohmic airway resistance and the respiratory system elastance. It was found that EPO induces a significant decrement in the ohmic airway resistance, not noted in control animals, 20 and 30 min after intraperitoneal EPO injection. The elastic characteristics of the respiratory system did not vary. Hypotheses about the mechanism (s) explaining these results were addressed. In particular, additional experiments have indicated that the decrement in airway resistance could be related to an increase in nitric oxide production induced by EPO. Spontaneous increments in plasmatic erythropoietin levels, such as those that take place in association with hypoxia and/or blood loss, appear to be related to the decrement in airway resistance, allowing pulmonary ventilation to increase without altering respiratory mechanics leading to deleterious increments in energy dissipation during breathing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Rubini
- Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, Section Physiology, University of Padova, Italy.
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Mille-Hamard L, Billat VL, Henry E, Bonnamy B, Joly F, Benech P, Barrey E. Skeletal muscle alterations and exercise performance decrease in erythropoietin-deficient mice: a comparative study. BMC Med Genomics 2012; 5:29. [PMID: 22748015 PMCID: PMC3473259 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8794-5-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Erythropoietin (EPO) is known to improve exercise performance by increasing oxygen blood transport and thus inducing a higher maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max). Furthermore, treatment with (or overexpression of) EPO induces protective effects in several tissues, including the myocardium. However, it is not known whether EPO exerts this protective effect when present at physiological levels. Given that EPO receptors have been identified in skeletal muscle, we hypothesized that EPO may have a direct, protective effect on this tissue. Thus, the objectives of the present study were to confirm a decrease in exercise performance and highlight muscle transcriptome alterations in a murine EPO functional knock-out model (the EPO-d mouse). METHODS We determined VO2max peak velocity and critical speed in exhaustive runs in 17 mice (9 EPO-d animals and 8 inbred controls), using treadmill enclosed in a metabolic chamber. Mice were sacrificed 24h after a last exhaustive treadmill exercise at critical speed. The tibialis anterior and soleus muscles were removed and total RNA was extracted for microarray gene expression analysis. RESULTS The EPO-d mice's hematocrit was about 50% lower than that of controls (p<0.05) and their performance level was about 25% lower (p<0.001). A total of 1583 genes exhibited significant changes in their expression levels. However, 68 genes were strongly up-regulated (normalized ratio>1.4) and 115 were strongly down-regulated (normalized ratio<0.80). The transcriptome data mining analysis showed that the exercise in the EPO-d mice induced muscle hypoxia, oxidative stress and proteolysis associated with energy pathway disruptions in glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that the lack of functional EPO induced a decrease in the aerobic exercise capacity. This decrease was correlated with the hematocrit and reflecting poor oxygen supply to the muscles. The observed alterations in the muscle transcriptome suggest that physiological concentrations of EPO exert both direct and indirect muscle-protecting effects during exercise. However, the signaling pathway involved in these protective effects remains to be described in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Mille-Hamard
- Unité de Biologie Intégrative des Adaptations à l'Exercice - INSERM 902, Genopole, F-91058, Evry, France.
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Almqvist EG, Bondeson AG, Bondeson L, Mellström D, Svensson J. Factors influencing insulin sensitivity in patients with mild primary hyperparathyroidism before and after parathyroidectomy. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2011; 72:92-9. [DOI: 10.3109/00365513.2011.634432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Kupffer cells support extramedullary erythropoiesis induced by nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate in splenectomized mice. Cell Immunol 2011; 271:197-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2011.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2011] [Revised: 05/28/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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