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Mazalo JK, Tay SS, Kempe D, Biro M. Chemokine receptor distribution on the surface of repolarizing T cells. Biophys J 2024:S0006-3495(24)00100-0. [PMID: 38327056 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
T cells migrate constitutively with a polarized morphology, underpinned by signaling compartmentalization and discrete cytoskeletal organizations, giving rise to a dynamic and expansive leading edge, distinct from the stable and constricted uropod at the rear. In vivo, the motion and function of T cells at various stages of differentiation is highly directed by chemokine gradients. When cognate ligands bind chemokine receptors on their surface, T cells respond by reorientating their polarity axis and migrating toward the source of the chemokine signal. Despite the significance of such chemotactic repolarization to the accurate navigation and function of T cells, the precise signaling mechanisms that underlie it remain elusive. Notably, it remained unclear whether the distribution of chemokine receptors on the T cell surface is altered during repolarization. Here, we developed parallel cell-secreted and microfluidics-based chemokine gradient delivery methods and employed both fixed imaging and live lattice light-sheet microscopy to investigate the dynamics of chemokine receptor CCR5 on the surface of primary murine CD8+ T cells. Our findings show that, during constitutive migration, chemokine receptor distribution is largely isotropic on the T cell surface. However, upon exposure to a CCL3 gradient, surface chemokine receptor distributions exhibit a transient bias toward the uropod. The chemokine receptors then progressively redistribute from the uropod to cover the T cell surface uniformly. This study sheds new light on the dynamics of surface chemokine receptor distribution during T cell repolarization, advancing our understanding of the signaling of immune cells in the complex chemokine landscapes they navigate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica K Mazalo
- EMBL Australia, Single Molecule Science Node, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Szun S Tay
- EMBL Australia, Single Molecule Science Node, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Daryan Kempe
- EMBL Australia, Single Molecule Science Node, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Maté Biro
- EMBL Australia, Single Molecule Science Node, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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2
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Crater JM, Dunn DC, Nixon DF, Furler O’Brien RL. A History and Atlas of the Human CD4 + T Helper Cell. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2608. [PMID: 37892982 PMCID: PMC10604283 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
CD4+ T cells have orchestrated and regulated immunity since the introduction of jawed vertebrates, yet our understanding of CD4+ T cell evolution, development, and cellular physiology has only begun to be unearthed in the past few decades. Discoveries of genetic diseases that ablate this cellular population have provided insight into their critical functions while transcriptomics, proteomics, and high-resolution microscopy have recently revealed new insights into CD4+ T cell anatomy and physiology. This article compiles historical, microscopic, and multi-omics data that can be used as a reference atlas and index to dissect cellular physiology within these influential cells and further understand pathologies like HIV infection that inflict human CD4+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Robert L. Furler O’Brien
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 413 E 69th St., Belfer Research Building, New York, NY 10021, USA
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3
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Marroncini G, Anceschi C, Naldi L, Fibbi B, Baldanzi F, Maggi M, Peri A. The V 2 receptor antagonist tolvaptan counteracts proliferation and invasivity in human cancer cells. J Endocrinol Invest 2022; 45:1693-1708. [PMID: 35604542 PMCID: PMC9360171 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-022-01807-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hyponatremia, the most frequent electrolyte alteration in clinical practice, has been associated with a worse prognosis in cancer patients. On the other hand, a better outcome has been related to serum sodium normalization. In vitro studies have shown that low extracellular sodium promotes cancer cells proliferation and invasiveness. Tolvaptan, a selective vasopressin receptor type 2 (V2) antagonist, has been effectively used in the last decade for the treatment of hyponatremia secondary to the Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuresis. A few in vitro data suggested a direct role of tolvaptan in counteracting cancer progression, so far. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect and the mechanism of action of tolvaptan in cell lines from different tumours [i.e. colon cancer (HCT-8), hepatocarcinoma (HepG2), neuroblastoma (SK-N-AS)]. METHODS AND RESULTS First, we showed that these cell lines express the V2 receptor. Tolvaptan significantly reduced cell proliferation with an IC50 in the micromolar range. Accordingly, reduced levels of cAMP, of the catalytic α subunit of PKA, and a reduced pAKT/AKT ratio were observed. Tolvaptan effectively inhibited cell cycle progression, whereas it induced apoptotis. Furthermore, it reduced cell invasiveness. In particular, anchorage-independent growth and the activity of collagenases type IV were blunted in the three cell lines. Accordingly, tolvaptan counteracted the RhoA/ROCK1-2 pathway, which has a pivotal role in regulating cell movement. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these findings indicate that tolvaptan effectively inhibits tumour progression in vitro. Further studies should clarify whether the V2 receptor might be considered a possible target in anti-cancer strategies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Marroncini
- Pituitary Diseases and Sodium Alterations Unit, AOU Careggi, 50139, Florence, Italy
- Endocrinology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, AOU Careggi, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - C Anceschi
- Pituitary Diseases and Sodium Alterations Unit, AOU Careggi, 50139, Florence, Italy
- Endocrinology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, AOU Careggi, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - L Naldi
- Pituitary Diseases and Sodium Alterations Unit, AOU Careggi, 50139, Florence, Italy
- Endocrinology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, AOU Careggi, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - B Fibbi
- Pituitary Diseases and Sodium Alterations Unit, AOU Careggi, 50139, Florence, Italy
- Endocrinology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, AOU Careggi, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - F Baldanzi
- Endocrinology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, AOU Careggi, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - M Maggi
- Endocrinology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, AOU Careggi, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - A Peri
- Pituitary Diseases and Sodium Alterations Unit, AOU Careggi, 50139, Florence, Italy.
- Endocrinology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, AOU Careggi, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy.
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4
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Furler RL, Nixon DF. HIV-1 Exploits Transitions Between CD4 + T Cell Migration and Activation. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2022; 38:97-99. [PMID: 34714116 PMCID: PMC8861907 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2021.0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Robert L. Furler
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,Address correspondence to: Robert L. Furler, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 413 E. 69th Street, Belfer Research Building, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Douglas F. Nixon
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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5
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Liang JB, Chen Y, Chen RL, Li YK, Li B, You ZR, Li Y, Zhang J, Huang BY, Wei YR, Lyu ZW, Lian M, Xiao X, Wang QX, Tang RQ, Fang JY, Chen XY, Ma X, Miao Q. CD8 + T cells actively penetrate hepatocytes via the CD44/p-ERM/F-actin pathway in autoimmune hepatitis. J Dig Dis 2021; 22:351-362. [PMID: 33928766 DOI: 10.1111/1751-2980.12995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Emperipolesis is a pathological feature for the diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). We have previously found that CD8+ T cells participated in the emperipolesis in AIH. In this study we aimed to clarify the characteristics and molecular mechanisms of emperipolesis in patients with AIH in vitro and in mice with α-Galactosylceramide (α-GalCer)-induced acute hepatitis. METHODS The peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of patients with various chronic liver diseases and healthy controls were co-cultured with hepatic cell lines to induce emperipolesis in vitro. Confocal staining was performed to illustrate the cellular types and potential mechanisms of emperipolesis in AIH. In addition, a murine model of α-GalCer-induced acute hepatitis that mimics human AIH was used to confirm the role of CD44/p-ERM/F-actin in the emperipolesis process in vivo. RESULTS In the co-cultured system of PBMC and hepatic cell line, emperipolesis was observed most commonly in patients with AIH. The main cells participating in emperipolesis were CD8+ T cells, and they penetrated hepatic cells actively via the CD44/p-ERM/F-actin pathway. As a result, most CD8+ T cells engulfed by hepatic cells underwent apoptosis. In the α-GalCer-induced acute hepatitis model, emperipolesis was observed around the inflammatory foci and was inhibited by the ezrin phosphorylation inhibitor NSC668394. Similarly, activated murine CD8+ T cells penetrated primary hepatocytes via the CD44/p-ERM/F-actin pathway in vitro. CONCLUSIONS CD8+ T cells penetrate hepatic cells actively via the CD44/p-ERM/F-actin signaling pathway and undergo apoptosis. This may be a compensatory mechanism to attenuate the overwhelming immune attack in AIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Bo Liang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Ling Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Kang Li
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Li
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Rui You
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - You Li
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Yuan Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Ran Wei
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhu Wan Lyu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Lian
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Xia Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Ru Qi Tang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Yuan Fang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Yu Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiong Ma
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Miao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
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6
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Zamora-Briseño JA, Ruiz-May E, Elizalde-Contreras JM, Hernández-Velázquez IM, Hernández-Pérez A, Fuentes-García AG, Herrera-Salvatierra N, Briones-Fourzán P, Pascual-Jiménez C, Lozano-Álvarez E, Rodríguez-Canul R. iTRAQ-Based Proteomic Profile Analysis of the Hepatopancreas of Caribbean Spiny Lobsters Infected With Panulirus argus Virus 1: Metabolic and Physiological Implications. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1084. [PMID: 32547519 PMCID: PMC7273172 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Caribbean spiny lobster Panulirus argus (Latreille, 1084) sustains economically valuable fisheries throughout the wider Caribbean region. This species is currently affected by the pathogenic virus Panulirus argus Virus 1 (PaV1) that causes a systemic and chronic-degenerative infection in juvenile spiny lobsters P. argus. To date, there is no available information regarding the host alterations induced by this pathogen at the molecular level. In the present study, comparative proteomic analyses of the changes in the hepatopancreas between infected and non-infected juvenile lobsters were analyzed by isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) coupled to synchronous precursor selection (SPS)-based MS3. We identified a total of 636 proteins, being 68 down-regulated and 71 up-regulated proteins. Among the down-regulated proteins, we identified several enzymes involved in the metabolism of hormones and lipids, digestive proteases and glycosidases, while proteins associated with the histone core, protein synthesis, immune response and RNA regulation were up-regulated. Several misregulated enzymes involved in the regulation of neuromodulators were also identified. RT-qPCR assays were used to validate the expression of transcripts encoding for selected differential proteins that were in concordance to proteomic data, as well as the tendency observed in the enzymatic activities of trypsin, chymotrypsin, and glycosidase. In a similar way, we observed glycogen reduction in muscle, and an increase in plasma acylglycerides and glucose, which may be explained by proteomic data. This study provides the first insight into the molecular changes in the hepatopancreas of Caribbean spiny lobsters associated to PaV1 infection. Data provided herein would help to clarify the origin of the molecular misregulations observed at macroscopic level in this host-pathogen interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Alejandro Zamora-Briseño
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Recursos del Mar, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional-Unidad Mérida, Mérida, Mexico
| | - Eliel Ruiz-May
- Instituto de Ecología, Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Clúster Científico y Tecnológico BioMimic, Xalapa, Mexico
| | | | - Ioreni Margarita Hernández-Velázquez
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Recursos del Mar, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional-Unidad Mérida, Mérida, Mexico
| | | | - Ana Guadalupe Fuentes-García
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Recursos del Mar, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional-Unidad Mérida, Mérida, Mexico
| | - Nancy Herrera-Salvatierra
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Recursos del Mar, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional-Unidad Mérida, Mérida, Mexico
| | - Patricia Briones-Fourzán
- Unidad Académica de Sistemas Arrecifales, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Puerto Morelos, Mexico
| | - Cristina Pascual-Jiménez
- Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Sisal, Mexico
| | - Enrique Lozano-Álvarez
- Unidad Académica de Sistemas Arrecifales, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Puerto Morelos, Mexico
| | - Rossanna Rodríguez-Canul
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Recursos del Mar, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional-Unidad Mérida, Mérida, Mexico
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7
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Ficht X, Ruef N, Stolp B, Samson GPB, Moalli F, Page N, Merkler D, Nichols BJ, Diz-Muñoz A, Legler DF, Niggli V, Stein JV. In Vivo Function of the Lipid Raft Protein Flotillin-1 during CD8 + T Cell-Mediated Host Surveillance. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:2377-2387. [PMID: 31548330 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Flotillin-1 (Flot1) is an evolutionary conserved, ubiquitously expressed lipid raft-associated scaffolding protein. Migration of Flot1-deficient neutrophils is impaired because of a decrease in myosin II-mediated contractility. Flot1 also accumulates in the uropod of polarized T cells, suggesting an analogous role in T cell migration. In this study, we analyzed morphology and migration parameters of murine wild-type and Flot1-/- CD8+ T cells using in vitro assays and intravital two-photon microscopy of lymphoid and nonlymphoid tissues. Flot1-/- CD8+ T cells displayed significant alterations in cell shape and motility parameters in vivo but showed comparable homing to lymphoid organs and intact in vitro migration to chemokines. Furthermore, their clonal expansion and infiltration into nonlymphoid tissues during primary and secondary antiviral immune responses was comparable to wild-type CD8+ T cells. Taken together, Flot1 plays a detectable but unexpectedly minor role for CD8+ T cell behavior under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xenia Ficht
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nora Ruef
- Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Bettina Stolp
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.,Department for Infectious Diseases, Integrative Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Guerric P B Samson
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau at the University of Konstanz, 8280 Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Federica Moalli
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.,Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Nicolas Page
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Doron Merkler
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ben J Nichols
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Alba Diz-Muñoz
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany; and
| | - Daniel F Legler
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau at the University of Konstanz, 8280 Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Verena Niggli
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jens V Stein
- Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland;
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8
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Takayama M, Takatsu H, Hamamoto A, Inoue H, Naito T, Nakayama K, Shin HW. The cytoplasmic C-terminal region of the ATP11C variant determines its localization at the polarized plasma membrane. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.231720. [PMID: 31371488 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.231720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP11C, a member of the P4-ATPase family, is a major phosphatidylserine (PS)-flippase located at the plasma membrane. ATP11C deficiency causes a defect in B-cell maturation, anemia and hyperbilirubinemia. Although there are several alternatively spliced variants derived from the ATP11C gene, the functional differences between them have not been considered. Here, we compared and characterized three C-terminal spliced forms (we designated as ATP11C-a, ATP11C-b and ATP11C-c), with respect to their expression patterns in cell types and tissues, and their subcellular localizations. We had previously shown that the C-terminus of ATP11C-a is critical for endocytosis upon PKC activation. Here, we found that ATP11C-b and ATP11C-c did not undergo endocytosis upon PKC activation. Importantly, we also found that ATP11C-b localized to a limited region of the plasma membrane in polarized cells, whereas ATP11C-a was distributed on the entire plasma membrane in both polarized and non-polarized cells. Moreover, we successfully identified LLXY residues within the ATP11C-b C-terminus as a critical motif for the polarized localization. These results suggest that the ATP11C-b regulates PS distribution in distinct regions of the plasma membrane in polarized cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Takayama
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takatsu
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Asuka Hamamoto
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroki Inoue
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Tomoki Naito
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Nakayama
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hye-Won Shin
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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9
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Moalli F, Ficht X, Germann P, Vladymyrov M, Stolp B, de Vries I, Lyck R, Balmer J, Fiocchi A, Kreutzfeldt M, Merkler D, Iannacone M, Ariga A, Stoffel MH, Sharpe J, Bähler M, Sixt M, Diz-Muñoz A, Stein JV. The Rho regulator Myosin IXb enables nonlymphoid tissue seeding of protective CD8 + T cells. J Exp Med 2018; 215:1869-1890. [PMID: 29875261 PMCID: PMC6028505 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20170896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Moalli et al. combine in vitro CD8+ T cell motility analysis with intravital imaging of mouse tissues to identify the actomyosin regulator Myo9b as a central player for nonlymphoid tissue infiltration during adaptive immune responses by facilitating crossing of tissue barriers. T cells are actively scanning pMHC-presenting cells in lymphoid organs and nonlymphoid tissues (NLTs) with divergent topologies and confinement. How the T cell actomyosin cytoskeleton facilitates this task in distinct environments is incompletely understood. Here, we show that lack of Myosin IXb (Myo9b), a negative regulator of the small GTPase Rho, led to increased Rho-GTP levels and cell surface stiffness in primary T cells. Nonetheless, intravital imaging revealed robust motility of Myo9b−/− CD8+ T cells in lymphoid tissue and similar expansion and differentiation during immune responses. In contrast, accumulation of Myo9b−/− CD8+ T cells in NLTs was strongly impaired. Specifically, Myo9b was required for T cell crossing of basement membranes, such as those which are present between dermis and epidermis. As consequence, Myo9b−/− CD8+ T cells showed impaired control of skin infections. In sum, we show that Myo9b is critical for the CD8+ T cell adaptation from lymphoid to NLT surveillance and the establishment of protective tissue–resident T cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Moalli
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Xenia Ficht
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Germann
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mykhailo Vladymyrov
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, Laboratory for High Energy Physics (LHEP), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Bettina Stolp
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ingrid de Vries
- Institute for Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Ruth Lyck
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jasmin Balmer
- Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Amleto Fiocchi
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Kreutzfeldt
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Clinical Pathology, University and University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Doron Merkler
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Clinical Pathology, University and University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Iannacone
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases and Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Akitaka Ariga
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, Laboratory for High Energy Physics (LHEP), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael H Stoffel
- Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - James Sharpe
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martin Bähler
- Institut für Molekulare Zellbiologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Sixt
- Institute for Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Alba Diz-Muñoz
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jens V Stein
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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10
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Collins PJ, McCully ML, Martínez-Muñoz L, Santiago C, Wheeldon J, Caucheteux S, Thelen S, Cecchinato V, Laufer JM, Purvanov V, Monneau YR, Lortat-Jacob H, Legler DF, Uguccioni M, Thelen M, Piguet V, Mellado M, Moser B. Epithelial chemokine CXCL14 synergizes with CXCL12 via allosteric modulation of CXCR4. FASEB J 2017; 31:3084-3097. [PMID: 28360196 PMCID: PMC5472405 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700013r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The chemokine receptor, CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), is selective for CXC chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12), is broadly expressed in blood and tissue cells, and is essential during embryogenesis and hematopoiesis. CXCL14 is a homeostatic chemokine with unknown receptor selectivity and preferential expression in peripheral tissues. Here, we demonstrate that CXCL14 synergized with CXCL12 in the induction of chemokine responses in primary human lymphoid cells and cell lines that express CXCR4. Combining subactive concentrations of CXCL12 with 100–300 nM CXCL14 resulted in chemotaxis responses that exceeded maximal responses that were obtained with CXCL12 alone. CXCL14 did not activate CXCR4-expressing cells (i.e., failed to trigger chemotaxis and Ca2+ mobilization, as well as signaling via ERK1/2 and the small GTPase Rac1); however, CXCL14 bound to CXCR4 with high affinity, induced redistribution of cell-surface CXCR4, and enhanced HIV-1 infection by >3-fold. We postulate that CXCL14 is a positive allosteric modulator of CXCR4 that enhances the potency of CXCR4 ligands. Our findings provide new insights that will inform the development of novel therapeutics that target CXCR4 in a range of diseases, including cancer, autoimmunity, and HIV.—Collins, P. J., McCully, M. L., Martínez-Muñoz, L., Santiago, C., Wheeldon, J., Caucheteux, S., Thelen, S., Cecchinato, V., Laufer, J. M., Purvanov, V., Monneau, Y. R., Lortat-Jacob, H., Legler, D. F., Uguccioni, M., Thelen, M., Piguet, V., Mellado, M., Moser, B. Epithelial chemokine CXCL14 synergizes with CXCL12 via allosteric modulation of CXCR4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Collins
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle L McCully
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Martínez-Muñoz
- Department Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - César Santiago
- Department Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - James Wheeldon
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Stephan Caucheteux
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Sylvia Thelen
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Valentina Cecchinato
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Julia M Laufer
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland.,Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Vladimir Purvanov
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland.,Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Yoan R Monneau
- Institute de Biologie Structurale, Unité Mixtes de Recherche 5075, University Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique, Grenoble, France
| | - Hugues Lortat-Jacob
- Institute de Biologie Structurale, Unité Mixtes de Recherche 5075, University Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique, Grenoble, France
| | - Daniel F Legler
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland.,Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Mariagrazia Uguccioni
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Marcus Thelen
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Piguet
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Mario Mellado
- Department Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bernhard Moser
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom;
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11
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Ramírez-Santiago G, Robles-Valero J, Morlino G, Cruz-Adalia A, Pérez-Martínez M, Zaldivar A, Torres-Torresano M, Chichón FJ, Sorrentino A, Pereiro E, Carrascosa JL, Megías D, Sorzano COS, Sánchez-Madrid F, Veiga E. Clathrin regulates lymphocyte migration by driving actin accumulation at the cellular leading edge. Eur J Immunol 2016; 46:2376-2387. [PMID: 27405273 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201646291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Lymphocyte migration, which is essential for effective immune responses, belongs to the so-called amoeboid migration. The lymphocyte migration is up to 100 times faster than between mesenchymal and epithelial cell types. Migrating lymphocytes are highly polarized in three well-defined structural and functional zones: uropod, medial zone, and leading edge (LE). The actiomyosin-dependent driving force moves forward the uropod, whereas massive actin rearrangements protruding the cell membrane are observed at the LE. These actin rearrangements resemble those observed at the immunological synapse driven by clathrin, a protein normally involved in endocytic processes. Here, we used cell lines as well as primary lymphocytes to demonstrate that clathrin and clathrin adaptors colocalize with actin at the LE of migrating lymphocytes, but not in other cellular zones that accumulate both clathrin and actin. Moreover, clathrin and clathrin adaptors, including Hrs, the clathrin adaptor for multivesicular bodies, drive local actin accumulation at the LE. Clathrin recruitment at the LE resulted necessary for a complete cell polarization and further lymphocyte migration in both 2D and 3D migration models. Therefore, clathrin, including the clathrin population associated to internal vesicles, controls lymphocyte migration by regulating actin rearrangements occurring at the LE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Ramírez-Santiago
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Hospital de Santa Cristina, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Robles-Valero
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Hospital de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Giulia Morlino
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Hospital de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aranzazu Cruz-Adalia
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Hospital de Santa Cristina, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Airen Zaldivar
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Department of Macromolecular Structures, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Torres-Torresano
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Hospital de Santa Cristina, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Chichón
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Department of Macromolecular Structures, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Sorrentino
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, MISTRAL Beamline-Experiments Division, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Pereiro
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, MISTRAL Beamline-Experiments Division, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José L Carrascosa
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Department of Macromolecular Structures, Madrid, Spain.,Unidad Asociada CNB (CSIC)-Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanociencia), Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Megías
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Oscar S Sorzano
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Department of Macromolecular Structures, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Esteban Veiga
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Madrid, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Hospital de Santa Cristina, Madrid, Spain.
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12
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X-linked primary immunodeficiency associated with hemizygous mutations in the moesin (MSN) gene. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 138:1681-1689.e8. [PMID: 27405666 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated 7 male patients (from 5 different families) presenting with profound lymphopenia, hypogammaglobulinemia, fluctuating monocytopenia and neutropenia, a poor immune response to vaccine antigens, and increased susceptibility to bacterial and varicella zoster virus infections. OBJECTIVE We sought to characterize the genetic defect involved in a new form of X-linked immunodeficiency. METHODS We performed genetic analyses and an exhaustive phenotypic and functional characterization of the lymphocyte compartment. RESULTS We observed hemizygous mutations in the moesin (MSN) gene (located on the X chromosome and coding for MSN) in all 7 patients. Six of the latter had the same missense mutation, which led to an amino acid substitution (R171W) in the MSN four-point-one, ezrin, radixin, moesin domain. The seventh patient had a nonsense mutation leading to a premature stop codon mutation (R533X). The naive T-cell counts were particularly low for age, and most CD8+ T cells expressed the senescence marker CD57. This phenotype was associated with impaired T-cell proliferation, which was rescued by expression of wild-type MSN. MSN-deficient T cells also displayed poor chemokine receptor expression, increased adhesion molecule expression, and altered migration and adhesion capacities. CONCLUSION Our observations establish a causal link between an ezrin-radixin-moesin protein mutation and a primary immunodeficiency that could be referred to as X-linked moesin-associated immunodeficiency.
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13
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Guedj C, Abraham N, Jullié D, Randriamampita C. T cell adhesion triggers an early signaling pole distal to the immune synapse. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:2526-37. [PMID: 27185862 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.182311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The immunological synapse forms at the interface between a T cell and an antigen-presenting cell after foreign antigen recognition. The immunological synapse is considered to be the site where the signaling cascade leading to T lymphocyte activation is triggered. Here, we show that another signaling region can be detected before formation of the synapse at the opposite pole of the T cell. This structure appears during the first minute after the contact forms, is transient and contains all the classic components that have been previously described at the immunological synapse. Its formation is independent of antigen recognition but is driven by adhesion itself. It constitutes a reservoir of signaling molecules that are potentially ready to be sent to the immunological synapse through a microtubule-dependent pathway. The antisynapse can thus be considered as a pre-synapse that is triggered independently of antigen recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Guedj
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Department, 22 rue Méćhain, Paris 75014, France CNRS, UMR8104, Paris 75014, France Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75014, France
| | - Nicolas Abraham
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Department, 22 rue Méćhain, Paris 75014, France CNRS, UMR8104, Paris 75014, France Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75014, France
| | - Damien Jullié
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Department, 22 rue Méćhain, Paris 75014, France CNRS, UMR8104, Paris 75014, France Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75014, France
| | - Clotilde Randriamampita
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Department, 22 rue Méćhain, Paris 75014, France CNRS, UMR8104, Paris 75014, France Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75014, France
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14
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Stein JV. T Cell Motility as Modulator of Interactions with Dendritic Cells. Front Immunol 2015; 6:559. [PMID: 26579132 PMCID: PMC4629691 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well established that the balance of costimulatory and inhibitory signals during interactions with dendritic cells (DCs) determines T cell transition from a naïve to an activated or tolerant/anergic status. Although many of these molecular interactions are well reproduced in reductionist in vitro assays, the highly dynamic motility of naïve T cells in lymphoid tissue acts as an additional lever to fine-tune their activation threshold. T cell detachment from DCs providing suboptimal stimulation allows them to search for DCs with higher levels of stimulatory signals, while storing a transient memory of short encounters. In turn, adhesion of weakly reactive T cells to DCs presenting peptides presented on major histocompatibility complex with low affinity is prevented by lipid mediators. Finally, controlled recruitment of CD8(+) T cells to cognate DC-CD4(+) T cell clusters shapes memory T cell formation and the quality of the immune response. Dynamic physiological lymphocyte motility therefore constitutes a mechanism to mitigate low avidity T cell activation and to improve the search for "optimal" DCs, while contributing to peripheral tolerance induction in the absence of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens V Stein
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland
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15
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Ridley AJ. Rho GTPase signalling in cell migration. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2015; 36:103-12. [PMID: 26363959 PMCID: PMC4728192 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 549] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cells migrate in multiple different ways depending on their environment, which includes the extracellular matrix composition, interactions with other cells, and chemical stimuli. For all types of cell migration, Rho GTPases play a central role, although the relative contribution of each Rho GTPase depends on the environment and cell type. Here, I review recent advances in our understanding of how Rho GTPases contribute to different types of migration, comparing lamellipodium-driven versus bleb-driven migration modes. I also describe how cells migrate across the endothelium. In addition to Rho, Rac and Cdc42, which are well known to regulate migration, I discuss the roles of other less-well characterized members of the Rho family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne J Ridley
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK.
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16
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Abstract
Cells migrate in multiple different ways depending on their environment, which includes the extracellular matrix composition, interactions with other cells, and chemical stimuli. For all types of cell migration, Rho GTPases play a central role, although the relative contribution of each Rho GTPase depends on the environment and cell type. Here, I review recent advances in our understanding of how Rho GTPases contribute to different types of migration, comparing lamellipodium-driven versus bleb-driven migration modes. I also describe how cells migrate across the endothelium. In addition to Rho, Rac and Cdc42, which are well known to regulate migration, I discuss the roles of other less-well characterized members of the Rho family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne J Ridley
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK.
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