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Pelizzari-Raymundo D, Maltret V, Nivet M, Pineau R, Papaioannou A, Zhou X, Caradec F, Martin S, Le Gallo M, Avril T, Chevet E, Lafont E. IRE1 RNase controls CD95-mediated cell death. EMBO Rep 2024; 25:1792-1813. [PMID: 38383861 PMCID: PMC11014915 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00095-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Signalling by the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) or by the Death Receptors (DR) are frequently activated towards pro-tumoral outputs in cancer. Herein, we demonstrate that the UPR sensor IRE1 controls the expression of the DR CD95/Fas, and its cell death-inducing ability. Both genetic and pharmacologic blunting of IRE1 activity increased CD95 expression and exacerbated CD95L-induced cell death in glioblastoma (GB) and Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) cell lines. In accordance, CD95 mRNA was identified as a target of Regulated IRE1-Dependent Decay of RNA (RIDD). Whilst CD95 expression is elevated in TNBC and GB human tumours exhibiting low RIDD activity, it is surprisingly lower in XBP1s-low human tumour samples. We show that IRE1 RNase inhibition limited CD95 expression and reduced CD95-mediated hepatic toxicity in mice. In addition, overexpression of XBP1s increased CD95 expression and sensitized GB and TNBC cells to CD95L-induced cell death. Overall, these results demonstrate the tight IRE1-mediated control of CD95-dependent cell death in a dual manner through both RIDD and XBP1s, and they identify a novel link between IRE1 and CD95 signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Pelizzari-Raymundo
- Inserm U1242, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
- Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Victoria Maltret
- Inserm U1242, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
- Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Manon Nivet
- Inserm U1242, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
- Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Raphael Pineau
- Inserm U1242, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
- Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Alexandra Papaioannou
- Inserm U1242, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
- Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Xingchen Zhou
- Inserm U1242, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
- Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Flavie Caradec
- Inserm U1242, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
- Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Sophie Martin
- Inserm U1242, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
- Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Matthieu Le Gallo
- Inserm U1242, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
- Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Tony Avril
- Inserm U1242, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
- Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Eric Chevet
- Inserm U1242, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
- Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Elodie Lafont
- Inserm U1242, University of Rennes, Rennes, France.
- Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France.
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2
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Maji A, Paul A, Sarkar A, Nahar S, Bhowmik R, Samanta A, Nahata P, Ghosh B, Karmakar S, Kumar Maity T. Significance of TRAIL/Apo-2 ligand and its death receptors in apoptosis and necroptosis signalling: Implications for cancer-targeted therapeutics. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 221:116041. [PMID: 38316367 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The human immune defensesystem routinely expresses the tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), which is the most prevalent element for antitumor immunity. TRAIL associates with its death receptors (DRs), DR4 (TRAIL-R1), and DR5 (TRAIL-R2), in cancer cells to initiate the intracellular apoptosis cascade. Accordingly, numerous academic institutions and pharmaceutical companies havetried to exploreTRAIL's capacity to kill tumourcells by producing recombinant versions of it (rhTRAIL) or TRAIL receptor agonists (TRAs) [monoclonal antibody (mAb), synthetic and natural compounds, etc.] and molecules that sensitize TRAIL signalling pathway for therapeutic applications. Recently, several microRNAs (miRs) have been found to activate or inhibit death receptor signalling. Therefore, pharmacological regulation of these miRs may activate or resensitize the TRAIL DRs signal, and this is a novel approach for developing anticancer therapeutics. In this article, we will discuss TRAIL and its receptors and molecular pathways by which it induces various cell death events. We will unravel potential innovative applications of TRAIL-based therapeutics, and other investigated therapeutics targeting TRAIL-DRs and summarize the current preclinical pharmacological studies and clinical trials. Moreover, we will also emphasizea few situations where future efforts may be addressed to modulate the TRAIL signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avik Maji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata 700 032, India.
| | - Abhik Paul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata 700 032, India.
| | - Arnab Sarkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata 700 032, India; Bioequivalence Study Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata-700032, India.
| | - Sourin Nahar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata 700 032, India.
| | - Rudranil Bhowmik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata 700 032, India; Bioequivalence Study Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata-700032, India.
| | - Ajeya Samanta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata 700 032, India.
| | - Pankaj Nahata
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata 700 032, India.
| | - Balaram Ghosh
- Epigenetic Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad-500078, India.
| | - Sanmoy Karmakar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata 700 032, India; Bioequivalence Study Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata-700032, India.
| | - Tapan Kumar Maity
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata 700 032, India.
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3
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Krishnan A, Ozturk NB, Cutshaw KA, Guicciardi ME, Kitagataya T, Olson KE, Pavelko KD, Sherman W, Wixom AQ, Jalan-Sakrikar N, Baez-Faria M, Gutierrez F, Gores GJ. Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) deletion in myeloid cells augments cholestatic liver injury. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2145. [PMID: 38273071 PMCID: PMC10810846 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52710-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Ductular reactive (DR) cells exacerbate cholestatic liver injury and fibrosis. Herein, we posit that tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) emanates from recruited macrophages and restrains DR cell expansion, thereby limiting cholestatic liver injury. Wild type (WT), Trailfl/fl and myeloid-specific Trail deleted (TrailΔmye) C57BL/6 mice were exposed to DDC diet-induced cholestatic liver injury, which induced hepatomegaly and liver injury as compared to control diet-fed mice. However, parameters of liver injury, fibrosis, and inflammation were all increased in the TrailΔmye mice as compared to the WT and Trailfl/fl mice. High dimensional mass cytometry indicated that cholestasis resulted in increased hepatic recruitment of subsets of macrophages and neutrophils in the TrailΔmye mice. Spatial transcriptomics analysis revealed that the PanCK+ cholangiocytes from TrailΔmye mice had increased expression of the known myeloid attractants S100a8, Cxcl5, Cx3cl1, and Cxcl1. Additionally, in situ hybridization of Cxcl1, a potent neutrophil chemoattractant, demonstrated an increased expression in CK19+ cholangiocytes of TrailΔmye mice. Collectively, these data suggest that TRAIL from myeloid cells, particularly macrophages, restrains a subset of DR cells (i.e., Cxcl1 positive cells), limiting liver inflammation and fibrosis. Reprogramming macrophages to express TRAIL may be salutary in cholestasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Krishnan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Nazli Begum Ozturk
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Kaiyel A Cutshaw
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Maria Eugenia Guicciardi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Takashi Kitagataya
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Kirsta E Olson
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | | | - William Sherman
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Alexander Q Wixom
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Nidhi Jalan-Sakrikar
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Michelle Baez-Faria
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Florencia Gutierrez
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Gregory J Gores
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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4
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Sullivan MR, White RP, Dashnamoorthy Ravi, Kanetkar N, Fridman IB, Ekenseair A, Evens AM, Konry T. Characterizing influence of rCHOP treatment on diffuse large B-cell lymphoma microenvironment through in vitro microfluidic spheroid model. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:18. [PMID: 38195589 PMCID: PMC10776622 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06299-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
For over two decades, Rituximab and CHOP combination treatment (rCHOP) has remained the standard treatment approach for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Despite numerous clinical trials exploring treatment alternatives, few options have shown any promise at further improving patient survival and recovery rates. A wave of new therapeutic approaches have recently been in development with the rise of immunotherapy for cancer, however, the cost of clinical trials is prohibitive of testing all promising approaches. Improved methods of early drug screening are essential for expediting the development of the therapeutic approaches most likely to help patients. Microfluidic devices provide a powerful tool for drug testing with enhanced biological relevance, along with multi-parameter data outputs. Here, we describe a hydrogel spheroid-based microfluidic model for screening lymphoma treatments. We utilized primary patient DLBCL cells in combination with NK cells and rCHOP treatment to determine the biological relevance of this approach. We observed cellular viability in response to treatment, rheological properties, and cell surface marker expression levels correlated well with expected in vivo characteristics. In addition, we explored secretory and transcriptomic changes in response to treatment. Our results showed complex changes in phenotype and transcriptomic response to treatment stimuli, including numerous metabolic and immunogenic changes. These findings support this model as an optimal platform for the comparative screening of novel treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Sullivan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rachel P White
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Ninad Kanetkar
- Chemical Engineering Department, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ilana Berger Fridman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology and Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Adam Ekenseair
- Chemical Engineering Department, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Tania Konry
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
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5
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Guerrero-Mauvecin J, Fontecha-Barriuso M, López-Diaz AM, Ortiz A, Sanz AB. RIPK3 and kidney disease. Nefrologia 2024; 44:10-22. [PMID: 37150671 DOI: 10.1016/j.nefroe.2023.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptor interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) is an intracellular kinase at the crossroads of cell death and inflammation. RIPK3 contains a RIP homotypic interaction motif (RHIM) domain which allows interactions with other RHIM-containing proteins and a kinase domain that allows phosphorylation of target proteins. RIPK3 may be activated through interaction with RHIM-containing proteins such as RIPK1, TRIF and DAI (ZBP1, DLM-1) or through RHIM-independent mechanisms in an alkaline intracellular pH. RIPK3 mediates necroptosis and promotes inflammation, independently of necroptosis, through either activation of NFκB or the inflammasome. There is in vivo preclinical evidence of the contribution of RIPK3 to both acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) and to the AKI-to-CKD transition derived from RIPK3 deficient mice or the use of small molecule RIPK3 inhibitors. In these studies, RIPK3 targeting decreased inflammation but kidney injury improved only in some contexts. Clinical translation of these findings has been delayed by the potential of some small molecule inhibitors of RIPK3 kinase activity to trigger apoptotic cell death by inducing conformational changes of the protein. A better understanding of the conformational changes in RIPK3 that trigger apoptosis, dual RIPK3/RIPK1 inhibitors or repurposing of multiple kinase inhibitors such as dabrafenib may facilitate clinical development of the RIPK3 inhibition concept for diverse inflammatory diseases, including kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Guerrero-Mauvecin
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ana M López-Diaz
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain; RICORS2040, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana B Sanz
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain; RICORS2040, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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6
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Beltran-Huarac J, Yamaleyeva DN, Dotti G, Hingtgen S, Sokolsky-Papkov M, Kabanov AV. Magnetic Control of Protein Expression via Magneto-mechanical Actuation of ND-PEGylated Iron Oxide Nanocubes for Cell Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:19877-19891. [PMID: 37040569 PMCID: PMC10143622 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c00179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Engineered cells used as smart vehicles for delivery of secreted therapeutic proteins enable effective treatment of cancer and certain degenerative, autoimmune, and genetic disorders. However, current cell-based therapies use mostly invasive tools for tracking proteins and do not allow for controlled secretion of therapeutic proteins, which could result in unconstrained killing of surrounding healthy tissues or ineffective killing of host cancer cells. Regulating the expression of therapeutic proteins after success of therapy remains elusive. In this study, a noninvasive therapeutic approach mediated by magneto-mechanical actuation (MMA) was developed to remotely regulate the expression of the tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) protein, which is secreted by transduced cells. Stem cells, macrophages, and breast cancer cells were transduced with a lentiviral vector encoding the SGpL2TR protein. SGpL2TR comprises TRAIL and GpLuc domains optimized for cell-based applications. Our approach relies on the remote actuation of cubic-shape highly magnetic field responsive superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) coated with nitrodopamine PEG (ND-PEG), which are internalized within the cells. Cubic ND-PEG-SPIONs actuated by superlow frequency alternating current magnetic fields can translate magnetic forces into mechanical motion and in turn spur mechanosensitive cellular responses. Cubic ND-PEG-SPIONs were artificially designed to effectively operate at low magnetic field strengths (<100 mT) retaining approximately 60% of their saturation magnetization. Compared to other cells, stems cells were more sensitive to the interaction with actuated cubic ND-PEG-SPIONs, which clustered near the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Luciferase, ELISA, and RT-qPCR analyses revealed a marked TRAIL downregulation (secretion levels were depleted down to 30%) when intracellular particles at 0.100 mg/mL Fe were actuated by magnetic fields (65 mT and 50 Hz for 30 min). Western blot studies indicated actuated, intracellular cubic ND-PEG-SPIONs can cause mild ER stress at short periods (up to 3 h) of postmagnetic field treatment thus leading to the unfolded protein response. We observed that the interaction of TRAIL polypeptides with ND-PEG can also contribute to this response. To prove the applicability of our approach, we used glioblastoma cells, which were exposed to TRAIL secreted from stem cells. We demonstrated that in the absence of MMA treatment, TRAIL essentially killed glioblastoma cells indiscriminately, but when treated with MMA, we were able to control the cell killing rate by adjusting the magnetic doses. This approach can expand the capabilities of stem cells to serve as smart vehicles for delivery of therapeutic proteins in a controlled manner without using interfering and expensive drugs, while retaining their potential to regenerate damaged tissue after treatment. This approach brings forth new alternatives to regulate protein expression noninvasively for cell therapy and other cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Beltran-Huarac
- Center
for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Pharmacoengineering
and Molecular Therapeutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Department
of Physics, Howell Science Complex, East
Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27858, United States
| | - Dina N. Yamaleyeva
- Joint
UNC/NC State Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Gianpietro Dotti
- Lineberger
Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Shawn Hingtgen
- Division
of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Therapeutics, Eshelman School
of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Marina Sokolsky-Papkov
- Center
for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Pharmacoengineering
and Molecular Therapeutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Alexander V. Kabanov
- Center
for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Pharmacoengineering
and Molecular Therapeutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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7
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Villegas C, González-Chavarría I, Burgos V, Iturra-Beiza H, Ulrich H, Paz C. Epothilones as Natural Compounds for Novel Anticancer Drugs Development. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076063. [PMID: 37047035 PMCID: PMC10093981 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Epothilone is a natural 16-membered macrolide cytotoxic compound produced by the metabolism of the cellulose-degrading myxobacterium Sorangium cellulosum. This review summarizes results in the study of epothilones against cancer with preclinical results and clinical studies from 2010-2022. Epothilone have mechanisms of action similar to paclitaxel by inducing tubulin polymerization and apoptosis with low susceptibility to tumor resistance mechanisms. It is active against refractory tumors, being superior to paclitaxel in many respects. Since the discovery of epothilones, several derivatives have been synthesized, and most of them have failed in Phases II and III in clinical trials; however, ixabepilone and utidelone are currently used in clinical practice. There is robust evidence that triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) treatment improves using ixabepilone plus capecitabine or utidelone in combination with capecitabine. In recent years innovative synthetic strategies resulted in the synthesis of new epothilone derivatives with improved activity against refractory tumors with better activities when compared to ixabepilone or taxol. These compounds together with specific delivery mechanisms could be developed in anti-cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Villegas
- Laboratory of Natural Products & Drug Discovery, Center CEBIM, Department of Basic Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Iván González-Chavarría
- Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile
| | - Viviana Burgos
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Químicas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco 4800000, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomas, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Héctor Iturra-Beiza
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Químicas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco 4800000, Chile
| | - Henning Ulrich
- Department of Biochemistry, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Cristian Paz
- Laboratory of Natural Products & Drug Discovery, Center CEBIM, Department of Basic Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
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Liu Q, Wang H, Ge J, Li L, Luo J, He K, Yan H, Zhang X, Tahir R, Luo W, Chen S, Cheng Z, Zhao L, Yang S. Chronic hypoxia and Cu 2+ exposure induce gill remodeling of largemouth bass through endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial damage and apoptosis. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 255:106373. [PMID: 36630844 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia and Cu2+ pollution often occur simultaneously in aquatic ecosystems and jointly affect physiology of fish. As the respiratory and ion exchange tissue of fish, how gill responds to the stress induced by these two abiotic environmental factors is still unclear. We have conducted a study by exposing largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) to hypoxia (2.0 mg·L-1) and/or Cu2+ (0.5 mg·L-1) for 28 days to answer this question. We subsequently studied respiratory rate, Cu2+ transport, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, mitochondrial damage, and morphology in gill tissue on day 7, 14, 21 and 28. We found that hypoxia exposure increased the respiratory rate of largemouth bass, reflecting the response of largemouth bass to cope with hypoxia. Of note, Cu2+ entered gill by specifically binding to CTR1 and its accumulation dramatically in gill disrupted the response of largemouth bass to hypoxia. Hypoxia and/or Cu2+ exposure led to ER stress and mitochondrial damage in gills of largemouth bass. ER stress and mitochondrial damage induced apoptosis by activating caspase-8 and caspase-9 signaling pathways, respectively. Apoptosis induced by hypoxia and Cu2+ exposure had a positive and synergistic effect on gill remodeling by reducing interlamellar cell masses. In addition, Cu2+ exposure induced hypoxia-like remodeling to gill morphology through mechanisms similar to hypoxia exposure. Most of gene expression changed mainly within 21 days and recovered to the control level on day 28, reflecting the acclimation of largemouth bass to hypoxia and/or Cu2+ exposure at gene expression level. Overall, our research suggests that chronic hypoxia and Cu2+ exposure could induce gill remodeling of largemouth bass through ER stress, mitochondrial damage and apoptosis. The outcomes could provide an insight for fish environmental adaptation and environmental toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Hong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Jiayu Ge
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Lisen Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Jie Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Kuo He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Haoxiao Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Rabia Tahir
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Wei Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Shiyi Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Zhang Cheng
- College of Environment, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Liulan Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Song Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
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9
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Tang H, Luo H, Zhang Z, Yang D. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Apoptotic Bodies: Biological Functions and Therapeutic Potential. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233879. [PMID: 36497136 PMCID: PMC9737101 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are non-hematopoietic progenitor cells with self-renewal ability and multipotency of osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic differentiation. MSCs have appeared as a promising approach for tissue regeneration and immune therapies, which are attributable not only to their differentiation into the desired cells but also to their paracrine secretion. MSC-sourced secretome consists of soluble components including growth factors, chemokines, cytokines, and encapsulated extracellular vesicles (EVs). Apoptotic bodies (ABs) are large EVs (diameter 500𠀓2000 nm) harboring a variety of cellular components including microRNA, mRNA, DNA, protein, and lipids related to the characteristics of the originating cell, which are generated during apoptosis. The released ABs as well as the genetic information they carry are engulfed by target cells such as macrophages, dendritic cells, epithelial cells, and fibroblasts, and subsequently internalized and degraded in the lysosomes, suggesting their ability to facilitate intercellular communication. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the biological functions and therapeutic potential of MSC-derived ABs, including immunomodulation, tissue regeneration, regulation of inflammatory response, and drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Di Yang
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-24-31927705
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10
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Pro-Inflammatory and Pro-Apoptotic Effects of the Non-Protein Amino Acid L-Azetidine-2-Carboxylic Acid in BV2 Microglial Cells. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:4500-4516. [PMID: 36286023 PMCID: PMC9600089 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44100308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
L-Azetidine-2-carboxylic acid (AZE) is a toxic non-protein coding amino acid (npAA) that is highly abundant in sugar and table beets. Due to its structural similarity with the amino acid L-proline, AZE can evade the editing process during protein assembly in eukaryotic cells and be misincorporated into L-proline-rich proteins, potentially causing protein misfolding and other detrimental effects to cells. In this study, we sought to determine if AZE treatment triggered pro-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic responses in BV2 microglial cells. BV2 microglial cells exposed to AZE at increasing concentrations (0−2000 µM) at 0, 3, 6, 12 and 24 h were assayed for cell viability (MTT) and nitric oxide release (Griess assay). Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide (PI) staining was used to assess apoptosis. Real-time qPCR, Western blot and immunocytochemistry were used to interrogate relevant pro- and anti-inflammatory and other molecular targets of cell survival response. AZE (at concentrations > 1000 µM) significantly reduced cell viability, increased BAX/Bcl2 ratio and caused cell death. Results were mirrored by a robust increase in nitric oxide release, percentage of activated/polarised cells and expression of pro-inflammatory markers (IL-1β, IL-6, NOS2, CD68 and MHC-2a). Additionally, we found that AZE induced the expression of the extracellular matrix degrading enzyme matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), two critical regulators of microglial motility and structural plasticity. Collectively, these data indicate that AZE-induced toxicity is associated with increased pro-inflammatory activity and reduced survival in BV2 microglia. This evidence may prompt for an increased monitoring of AZE consumption by humans.
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11
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Li W, Jin K, Luo J, Xu W, Wu Y, Zhou J, Wang Y, Xu R, Jiao L, Wang T, Yang G. NF-κB and its crosstalk with endoplasmic reticulum stress in atherosclerosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:988266. [PMID: 36204587 PMCID: PMC9530249 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.988266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a common cardiovascular disease with complex pathogenesis, in which multiple pathways and their interweaving regulatory mechanism remain unclear. The primary transcription factor NF-κB plays a critical role in AS via modulating the expression of a series of inflammatory mediators under various stimuli such as cytokines, microbial antigens, and intracellular stresses. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, caused by the disrupted synthesis and secretion of protein, links inflammation, metabolic signals, and other cellular processes via the unfolded protein response (UPR). Both NF-κB and ER stress share the intersection regarding their molecular regulation and function and are regarded as critical individual contributors to AS. In this review, we summarize the multiple interactions between NF-κB and ER stress activation, including the UPR, NLRP3 inflammasome, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which have been ignored in the pathogenesis of AS. Given the multiple links between NF-κB and ER stress, we speculate that the integrated network contributes to the understanding of molecular mechanisms of AS. This review aims to provide an insight into these interactions and their underlying roles in the progression of AS, highlighting potential pharmacological targets against the atherosclerotic inflammatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Li
- Laboratory of Computational Biology and Machine Intelligence, National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kehan Jin
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jichang Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), Beijing, China
| | - Wenlong Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), Beijing, China
| | - Yujie Wu
- Laboratory of Computational Biology and Machine Intelligence, National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Zhou
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yilin Wang
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), Beijing, China
| | - Liqun Jiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), Beijing, China
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Liqun Jiao,
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), Beijing, China
- Tao Wang,
| | - Ge Yang
- Laboratory of Computational Biology and Machine Intelligence, National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Tao Wang,
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12
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Labrie M, Brugge JS, Mills GB, Zervantonakis IK. Therapy resistance: opportunities created by adaptive responses to targeted therapies in cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 2022; 22:323-339. [PMID: 35264777 PMCID: PMC9149051 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-022-00454-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Normal cells explore multiple states to survive stresses encountered during development and self-renewal as well as environmental stresses such as starvation, DNA damage, toxins or infection. Cancer cells co-opt normal stress mitigation pathways to survive stresses that accompany tumour initiation, progression, metastasis and immune evasion. Cancer therapies accentuate cancer cell stresses and invoke rapid non-genomic stress mitigation processes that maintain cell viability and thus represent key targetable resistance mechanisms. In this Review, we describe mechanisms by which tumour ecosystems, including cancer cells, immune cells and stroma, adapt to therapeutic stresses and describe three different approaches to exploit stress mitigation processes: (1) interdict stress mitigation to induce cell death; (2) increase stress to induce cellular catastrophe; and (3) exploit emergent vulnerabilities in cancer cells and cells of the tumour microenvironment. We review challenges associated with tumour heterogeneity, prioritizing actionable adaptive responses for optimal therapeutic outcomes, and development of an integrative framework to identify and target vulnerabilities that arise from adaptive responses and engagement of stress mitigation pathways. Finally, we discuss the need to monitor adaptive responses across multiple scales and translation of combination therapies designed to take advantage of adaptive responses and stress mitigation pathways to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyne Labrie
- Division of Oncological Sciences, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Joan S Brugge
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Ludwig Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gordon B Mills
- Division of Oncological Sciences, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Ioannis K Zervantonakis
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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13
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Hagenlocher C, Siebert R, Taschke B, Wieske S, Hausser A, Rehm M. ER stress-induced cell death proceeds independently of the TRAIL-R2 signaling axis in pancreatic β cells. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:34. [PMID: 35075141 PMCID: PMC8786928 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-00830-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AbstractProlonged ER stress and the associated unfolded protein response (UPR) can trigger programmed cell death. Studies in cancer cell lines demonstrated that the intracellular accumulation of TRAIL receptor-2 (TRAIL-R2) and the subsequent activation of caspase-8 contribute significantly to apoptosis induction upon ER stress. While this might motivate therapeutic strategies that promote cancer cell death through ER stress-induced caspase-8 activation, it could also support the unwanted demise of non-cancer cells. Here, we therefore investigated if TRAIL-R2 dependent signaling towards apoptosis can be induced in pancreatic β cells, whose loss by prolonged ER stress is associated with the onset of diabetes. Interestingly, we found that elevated ER stress in these cells does not result in TRAIL-R2 transcriptional induction or elevated protein levels, and that the barely detectable expression of TRAIL-R2 is insufficient to allow TRAIL-induced apoptosis to proceed. Overall, this indicates that apoptotic cell death upon ER stress most likely proceeds independent of TRAIL-R2 in pancreatic β cells. Our findings therefore point to differences in ER stress response and death decision-making between cancer cells and pancreatic β cells and also have implications for future targeted treatment strategies that need to differentiate between ER stress susceptibility of cancer cells and pancreatic β cells.
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14
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Chaves M, Gomes-Pereira LC, Roux J. Two-level modeling approach to identify the regulatory dynamics capturing drug response heterogeneity in single-cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20809. [PMID: 34675364 PMCID: PMC8531316 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99943-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-cell multimodal technologies reveal the scales of cellular heterogeneity impairing cancer treatment, yet cell response dynamics remain largely underused to decipher the mechanisms of drug resistance they take part in. As the phenotypic heterogeneity of a clonal cell population informs on the capacity of each single-cell to recapitulate the whole range of observed behaviors, we developed a modeling approach utilizing single-cell response data to identify regulatory reactions driving population heterogeneity in drug response. Dynamic data of hundreds of HeLa cells treated with TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) were used to characterize the fate-determining kinetic parameters of an apoptosis receptor reaction model. Selected reactions sets were augmented to incorporate a mechanism that leads to the separation of the opposing response phenotypes. Using a positive feedback loop motif to identify the reaction set, we show that caspase-8 is able to encapsulate high levels of heterogeneity by introducing a response delay and amplifying the initial differences arising from natural protein expression variability. Our approach enables the identification of fate-determining reactions that drive the population response heterogeneity, providing regulatory targets to curb the cell dynamics of drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalena Chaves
- Université Côte d'Azur, Inria, INRAE, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Biocore Team, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Luis C Gomes-Pereira
- Université Côte d'Azur, Inria, INRAE, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Biocore Team, Sophia Antipolis, France.,Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS UMR 7284, Inserm U 1081, Institut de Recherche sur le Cancer et le Vieillissement de Nice, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, 06107, Nice, France
| | - Jérémie Roux
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS UMR 7284, Inserm U 1081, Institut de Recherche sur le Cancer et le Vieillissement de Nice, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, 06107, Nice, France.
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15
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Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Diabetic Nephrology: Regulation, Pathological Role, and Therapeutic Potential. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:7277966. [PMID: 34394833 PMCID: PMC8355967 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7277966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent progress has been made in understanding the roles and mechanisms of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the development and pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Hyperglycemia induces ER stress and apoptosis in renal cells. The induction of ER stress can be cytoprotective or cytotoxic. Experimental treatment of animals with ER stress inhibitors alleviated renal damage. Considering these findings, the normalization of ER stress by pharmacological agents is a promising approach to prevent or arrest DN progression. The current article reviews the mechanisms, roles, and therapeutic aspects of these findings.
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16
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Fritsch J, Särchen V, Schneider-Brachert W. Regulation of Death Receptor Signaling by S-Palmitoylation and Detergent-Resistant Membrane Micro Domains-Greasing the Gears of Extrinsic Cell Death Induction, Survival, and Inflammation. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2513. [PMID: 34063813 PMCID: PMC8196677 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Death-receptor-mediated signaling results in either cell death or survival. Such opposite signaling cascades emanate from receptor-associated signaling complexes, which are often formed in different subcellular locations. The proteins involved are frequently post-translationally modified (PTM) by ubiquitination, phosphorylation, or glycosylation to allow proper spatio-temporal regulation/recruitment of these signaling complexes in a defined cellular compartment. During the last couple of years, increasing attention has been paid to the reversible cysteine-centered PTM S-palmitoylation. This PTM regulates the hydrophobicity of soluble and membrane proteins and modulates protein:protein interaction and their interaction with distinct membrane micro-domains (i.e., lipid rafts). We conclude with which functional and mechanistic roles for S-palmitoylation as well as different forms of membrane micro-domains in death-receptor-mediated signal transduction were unraveled in the last two decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Fritsch
- Department of Infection Prevention and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany;
| | - Vinzenz Särchen
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany;
| | - Wulf Schneider-Brachert
- Department of Infection Prevention and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany;
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17
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Functional Expression, Purification and Identification of Interaction Partners of PACRG. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26082308. [PMID: 33923444 PMCID: PMC8074078 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PACRG (Parkin co-regulated gene) shares a bi-directional promoter with the Parkinson’s disease-associated gene Parkin, but the physiological roles of PACRG have not yet been fully elucidated. Recombinant expression methods are indispensable for protein structural and functional studies. In this study, the coding region of PACRG was cloned to a conventional vector pQE80L, as well as two cold-shock vectors pCold II and pCold-GST, respectively. The constructs were transformed into Escherichia coli (DE3), and the target proteins were overexpressed. The results showed that the cold-shock vectors are more suitable for PACRG expression. The soluble recombinant proteins were purified with Ni2+ chelating column, glutathione S-transferase (GST) affinity chromatography and gel filtration. His6 pull down assay and LC-MS/MS were carried out for identification of PACRG-binding proteins in HEK293T cell lysates, and a total number of 74 proteins were identified as potential interaction partners of PACRG. GO (Gene ontology) enrichment analysis (FunRich) of the 74 proteins revealed multiple molecular functions and biological processes. The highest proportion of the 74 proteins functioned as transcription regulator and transcription factor activity, suggesting that PACRG may play important roles in regulation of gene transcription.
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18
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McGrath EP, Centonze FG, Chevet E, Avril T, Lafont E. Death sentence: The tale of a fallen endoplasmic reticulum. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1868:119001. [PMID: 33705817 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress signaling is an adaptive mechanism triggered when protein folding demand overcomes the folding capacity of this compartment, thereby leading to the accumulation of improperly folded proteins. This stress signaling pathway is named the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) and aims at restoring ER homeostasis. However, if this fails, mechanisms orienting cells towards death processes are initiated. Herein, we summarize the most recent findings connecting ER stress and the UPR with identified death mechanisms including apoptosis, necrosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and autophagy. We highlight new avenues that could be investigated and controlled through actionable mechanisms in physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eric Chevet
- Inserm U1242, University of Rennes, Rennes, France; Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Tony Avril
- Inserm U1242, University of Rennes, Rennes, France; Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
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