1
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Imura K, Takeda A, Endo M, Funakoshi K. Innervation and osteoclast distribution in the inferior pharyngeal jaw of the cichlid Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2024; 307:2139-2148. [PMID: 38183341 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
In addition to an oral jaw, cichlids have a pharyngeal jaw, which is used for crushing and processing captured prey. The teeth and morphology of the pharyngeal jaw bones adapt to changes in prey in response to changes in the growing environment. This study aimed to explore the possible involvement of the peripheral nervous system in remodeling the cichlid pharyngeal jaw by examining the innervation of the inferior pharyngeal jaw in the Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Vagal innervation was identified in the Nile tilapia inferior pharyngeal jaw. Double staining with tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase and immunostaining with the neuronal markers, protein gene product 9.5, and acetylated tubulin, revealed that osteoclasts, which play an important role in remodeling, were distributed in the vicinity of the nerves and were in apposition with the nerve terminals. This contact between peripheral nerves and osteoclasts suggests that the peripheral nervous system may play a role in remodeling the inferior pharyngeal jaw in cichlids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Imura
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Akihito Takeda
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masato Endo
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kengo Funakoshi
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
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2
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Tan WH, Rücklin M, Larionova D, Ngoc TB, Joan van Heuven B, Marone F, Matsudaira P, Winkler C. A Collagen10a1 mutation disrupts cell polarity in a medaka model for metaphyseal chondrodysplasia type Schmid. iScience 2024; 27:109405. [PMID: 38510140 PMCID: PMC10952040 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Heterozygous mutations in COL10A1 lead to metaphyseal chondrodysplasia type Schmid (MCDS), a skeletal disorder characterized by epiphyseal abnormalities. Prior analysis revealed impaired trimerization and intracellular retention of mutant collagen type X alpha 1 chains as cause for elevated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. However, how ER stress translates into structural defects remained unclear. We generated a medaka (Oryzias latipes) MCDS model harboring a 5 base pair deletion in col10a1, which led to a frameshift and disruption of 11 amino acids in the conserved trimerization domain. col10a1Δ633a heterozygotes recapitulated key features of MCDS and revealed early cell polarity defects as cause for dysregulated matrix secretion and deformed skeletal structures. Carbamazepine, an ER stress-reducing drug, rescued this polarity impairment and alleviated skeletal defects in col10a1Δ633a heterozygotes. Our data imply cell polarity dysregulation as a potential contributor to MCDS and suggest the col10a1Δ633a medaka mutant as an attractive MCDS animal model for drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Hui Tan
- Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for Bioimaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Martin Rücklin
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Postbus 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Daria Larionova
- Department of Biology, Research Group Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tran Bich Ngoc
- Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for Bioimaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | | | - Federica Marone
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Paul Matsudaira
- Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for Bioimaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Christoph Winkler
- Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for Bioimaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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3
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Raman R, Bahri MA, Degueldre C, Caetano da Silva C, Sanchez C, Ostertag A, Collet C, Cohen-Solal M, Plenevaux A, Henrotin Y, Muller M. A Zebrafish Mutant in the Extracellular Matrix Protein Gene efemp1 as a Model for Spinal Osteoarthritis. Animals (Basel) 2023; 14:74. [PMID: 38200805 PMCID: PMC10778253 DOI: 10.3390/ani14010074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a degenerative articular disease affecting mainly aging animals and people. The extracellular matrix protein Efemp1 was previously shown to have higher turn-over and increased secretion in the blood serum, urine, and subchondral bone of knee joints in osteoarthritic patients. Here, we use the zebrafish as a model system to investigate the function of Efemp1 in vertebrate skeletal development and homeostasis. Using in situ hybridization, we show that the efemp1 gene is expressed in the brain, the pharyngeal arches, and in the chordoblasts surrounding the notochord at 48 hours post-fertilization. We generated an efemp1 mutant line, using the CRISPR/Cas9 method, that produces a severely truncated Efemp1 protein. These mutant larvae presented a medially narrower chondrocranium at 5 days, which normalized later at day 10. At age 1.5 years, µCT analysis revealed an increased tissue mineral density and thickness of the vertebral bodies, as well as a decreased distance between individual vertebrae and ruffled borders of the vertebral centra. This novel defect, which has, to our knowledge, never been described before, suggests that the efemp1 mutant represents the first zebrafish model for spinal osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratish Raman
- Laboratory for Organogenesis and Regeneration (LOR), GIGA Institute, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium;
| | - Mohamed Ali Bahri
- GIGA CRC In Vivo Imaging, University of Liege, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (M.A.B.); (C.D.); (A.P.)
| | - Christian Degueldre
- GIGA CRC In Vivo Imaging, University of Liege, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (M.A.B.); (C.D.); (A.P.)
| | - Caroline Caetano da Silva
- Hospital Lariboisière, Reference Centre for Rare Bone Diseases, INSERM U1132, Université de Paris-Cité, F-75010 Paris, France; (C.C.d.S.); (A.O.); (C.C.); (M.C.-S.)
| | - Christelle Sanchez
- MusculoSKeletal Innovative Research Lab, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (C.S.); (Y.H.)
| | - Agnes Ostertag
- Hospital Lariboisière, Reference Centre for Rare Bone Diseases, INSERM U1132, Université de Paris-Cité, F-75010 Paris, France; (C.C.d.S.); (A.O.); (C.C.); (M.C.-S.)
| | - Corinne Collet
- Hospital Lariboisière, Reference Centre for Rare Bone Diseases, INSERM U1132, Université de Paris-Cité, F-75010 Paris, France; (C.C.d.S.); (A.O.); (C.C.); (M.C.-S.)
- UF de Génétique Moléculaire, Hôpital Robert Debré, APHP, F-75019 Paris, France
| | - Martine Cohen-Solal
- Hospital Lariboisière, Reference Centre for Rare Bone Diseases, INSERM U1132, Université de Paris-Cité, F-75010 Paris, France; (C.C.d.S.); (A.O.); (C.C.); (M.C.-S.)
| | - Alain Plenevaux
- GIGA CRC In Vivo Imaging, University of Liege, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (M.A.B.); (C.D.); (A.P.)
| | - Yves Henrotin
- MusculoSKeletal Innovative Research Lab, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (C.S.); (Y.H.)
| | - Marc Muller
- Laboratory for Organogenesis and Regeneration (LOR), GIGA Institute, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium;
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4
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Martini A, Sahd L, Rücklin M, Huysseune A, Hall BK, Boglione C, Witten PE. Deformity or variation? Phenotypic diversity in the zebrafish vertebral column. J Anat 2023; 243:960-981. [PMID: 37424444 PMCID: PMC10641053 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Vertebral bodies are composed of two types of metameric elements, centra and arches, each of which is considered as a developmental module. Most parts of the teleost vertebral column have a one-to-one relationship between centra and arches, although, in all teleosts, this one-to-one relationship is lost in the caudal fin endoskeleton. Deviation from the one-to-one relationship occurs in most vertebrates, related to changes in the number of vertebral centra or to a change in the number of arches. In zebrafish, deviations also occur predominantly in the caudal region of the vertebral column. In-depth phenotypic analysis of wild-type zebrafish was performed using whole-mount stained samples, histological analyses and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy 3D reconstructions. Three deviant centra phenotypes were observed: (i) fusion of two vertebral centra, (ii) wedge-shaped hemivertebrae and (iii) centra with reduced length. Neural and haemal arches and their spines displayed bilateral and unilateral variations that resemble vertebral column phenotypes of stem-ward actinopterygians or other gnathostomes as well as pathological conditions in extant species. Whether it is possible to distinguish variations from pathological alterations and whether alterations resemble ancestral conditions is discussed in the context of centra and arch variations in other vertebrate groups and basal actinopterygian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Martini
- Laboratory of Experimental Ecology and Aquaculture, Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Research Group Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Biology Department, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- PhD Program in Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Lauren Sahd
- Research Group Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Biology Department, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Martin Rücklin
- Department of Vertebrate Evolution, Development and Ecology, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ann Huysseune
- Research Group Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Biology Department, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Brian K Hall
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Clara Boglione
- Laboratory of Experimental Ecology and Aquaculture, Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - P Eckhard Witten
- Research Group Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Biology Department, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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5
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Cabasso O, Kuppuramalingam A, Lelieveld L, Van der Lienden M, Boot R, Aerts JM, Horowitz M. Animal Models for the Study of Gaucher Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16035. [PMID: 38003227 PMCID: PMC10671165 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In Gaucher disease (GD), a relatively common sphingolipidosis, the mutant lysosomal enzyme acid β-glucocerebrosidase (GCase), encoded by the GBA1 gene, fails to properly hydrolyze the sphingolipid glucosylceramide (GlcCer) in lysosomes, particularly of tissue macrophages. As a result, GlcCer accumulates, which, to a certain extent, is converted to its deacylated form, glucosylsphingosine (GlcSph), by lysosomal acid ceramidase. The inability of mutant GCase to degrade GlcSph further promotes its accumulation. The amount of mutant GCase in lysosomes depends on the amount of mutant ER enzyme that shuttles to them. In the case of many mutant GCase forms, the enzyme is largely misfolded in the ER. Only a fraction correctly folds and is subsequently trafficked to the lysosomes, while the rest of the misfolded mutant GCase protein undergoes ER-associated degradation (ERAD). The retention of misfolded mutant GCase in the ER induces ER stress, which evokes a stress response known as the unfolded protein response (UPR). GD is remarkably heterogeneous in clinical manifestation, including the variant without CNS involvement (type 1), and acute and subacute neuronopathic variants (types 2 and 3). The present review discusses animal models developed to study the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Or Cabasso
- Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Israel; (O.C.); (A.K.)
| | - Aparna Kuppuramalingam
- Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Israel; (O.C.); (A.K.)
| | - Lindsey Lelieveld
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 9502 Leiden, The Netherlands; (L.L.); (M.V.d.L.); (R.B.)
| | - Martijn Van der Lienden
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 9502 Leiden, The Netherlands; (L.L.); (M.V.d.L.); (R.B.)
| | - Rolf Boot
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 9502 Leiden, The Netherlands; (L.L.); (M.V.d.L.); (R.B.)
| | - Johannes M. Aerts
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 9502 Leiden, The Netherlands; (L.L.); (M.V.d.L.); (R.B.)
| | - Mia Horowitz
- Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Israel; (O.C.); (A.K.)
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6
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Mhalhel K, Levanti M, Abbate F, Laurà R, Guerrera MC, Aragona M, Porcino C, Pansera L, Sicari M, Cometa M, Briglia M, Germanà A, Montalbano G. Skeletal Morphogenesis and Anomalies in Gilthead Seabream: A Comprehensive Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16030. [PMID: 38003219 PMCID: PMC10671147 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The gilthead seabream, one of the most important species in Mediterranean aquaculture, with an increasing status of exploitation in terms of production volume and aquafarming technologies, has become an important research topic over the years. The accumulation of knowledge from several studies conducted during recent decades on their functional and biological characteristics has significantly improved their aquacultural aspects, namely their reproductive success, survival, and growth. Despite the remarkable progress in the aquaculture industry, hatchery conditions are still far from ideal, resulting in frequent abnormalities at the beginning of intensive culture, entailing significant economic losses. Those deformities are induced during the embryonic and post-embryonic periods of life, and their development is still poorly understood. In the present review, we created a comprehensive synthesis that covers the various aspects of skeletal morphogenesis and anomalies in the gilthead seabream, highlighting the genetic, environmental, and nutritional factors contributing to bone deformities and emphasized the potential of the gilthead seabream as a model organism for understanding bone morphogenesis in both aquaculture and translational biological research. This review article addresses the existing lack in the literature regarding gilthead seabream bone deformities, as there are currently no comprehensive reviews on this subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamel Mhalhel
- Zebrafish Neuromorphology Lab, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Via Palatucci Snc, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Levanti
- Zebrafish Neuromorphology Lab, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Via Palatucci Snc, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Abbate
- Zebrafish Neuromorphology Lab, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Via Palatucci Snc, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Rosaria Laurà
- Zebrafish Neuromorphology Lab, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Via Palatucci Snc, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Guerrera
- Zebrafish Neuromorphology Lab, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Via Palatucci Snc, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Marialuisa Aragona
- Zebrafish Neuromorphology Lab, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Via Palatucci Snc, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Caterina Porcino
- Zebrafish Neuromorphology Lab, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Via Palatucci Snc, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Lidia Pansera
- Zebrafish Neuromorphology Lab, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Via Palatucci Snc, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Mirea Sicari
- Zebrafish Neuromorphology Lab, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Via Palatucci Snc, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Marzio Cometa
- Zebrafish Neuromorphology Lab, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Via Palatucci Snc, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Marilena Briglia
- Zebrafish Neuromorphology Lab, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Via Palatucci Snc, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonino Germanà
- Zebrafish Neuromorphology Lab, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Via Palatucci Snc, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Montalbano
- Zebrafish Neuromorphology Lab, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Via Palatucci Snc, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
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7
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Wynsberghe JV, Vanakker OM. Significance of Premature Vertebral Mineralization in Zebrafish Models in Mechanistic and Pharmaceutical Research on Hereditary Multisystem Diseases. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1621. [PMID: 38002303 PMCID: PMC10669475 DOI: 10.3390/biom13111621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish are increasingly becoming an important model organism for studying the pathophysiological mechanisms of human diseases and investigating how these mechanisms can be effectively targeted using compounds that may open avenues to novel treatments for patients. The zebrafish skeleton has been particularly instrumental in modeling bone diseases as-contrary to other model organisms-the lower load on the skeleton of an aquatic animal enables mutants to survive to early adulthood. In this respect, the axial skeletons of zebrafish have been a good read-out for congenital spinal deformities such as scoliosis and degenerative disorders such as osteoporosis and osteoarthritis, in which aberrant mineralization in humans is reflected in the respective zebrafish models. Interestingly, there have been several reports of hereditary multisystemic diseases that do not affect the vertebral column in human patients, while the corresponding zebrafish models systematically show anomalies in mineralization and morphology of the spine as their leading or, in some cases, only phenotype. In this review, we describe such examples, highlighting the underlying mechanisms, the already-used or potential power of these models to help us understand and amend the mineralization process, and the outstanding questions on how and why this specific axial type of aberrant mineralization occurs in these disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Van Wynsberghe
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Ectopic Mineralization Research Group, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Olivier M Vanakker
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Ectopic Mineralization Research Group, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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8
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Trumpp M, Tan WH, Burdzinski W, Basler Y, Jatzlau J, Knaus P, Winkler C. Characterization of Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progessiva relevant Acvr1/Acvr2 Activin receptors in medaka (Oryzias latipes). PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291379. [PMID: 37708126 PMCID: PMC10501582 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Activin and Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) signaling plays crucial roles in vertebrate organ formation, including osteo- and angiogenesis, and tissue homeostasis, such as neuronal maintenance. Activin and BMP signaling needs to be precisely controlled by restricted expression of shared receptors, stoichiometric composition of receptor-complexes and presence of regulatory proteins. A R206H mutation in the human (hs) BMP type I receptor hsACVR1, on the other hand, leads to excessive phosphorylation of Sons of mothers against decapentaplegic (SMAD) 1/5/8. This in turn causes increased inflammation and heterotopic ossification in soft tissues of patients suffering from Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva (FOP). Several animal models have been established to understand the spontaneous and progressive nature of FOP, but often have inherent limitations. The Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes, ola) has recently emerged as popular model for bone research. To assess whether medaka is suitable as a potential FOP animal model, we determined the expression of Activin receptor type I (ACVR1) orthologs olaAcvr1 and olaAcvr1l with that of Activin type II receptors olaAcvr2ab, olaAcvr2ba and olaAcvr2bb in embryonic and adult medaka tissues by in situ hybridization. Further, we showed that Activin A binding properties are conserved in olaAcvr2, as are the mechanistic features in the GS-Box of both olaAcvr1 and olaAcvr1l. This consequently leads to FOP-typical elevated SMAD signaling when the medaka type I receptors carry the R206H equivalent FOP mutation. Together, this study therefore provides experimental groundwork needed to establish a unique medaka model to investigate mechanisms underlying FOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Trumpp
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wen Hui Tan
- Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for Bioimaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wiktor Burdzinski
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies (BSRT), Berlin, Germany
| | - Yara Basler
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jerome Jatzlau
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Petra Knaus
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies (BSRT), Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Winkler
- Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for Bioimaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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9
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Schkoda S, Horman B, Witchey SK, Jansson A, Macari S, Patisaul HB. Skeletal effects following developmental flame-retardant exposure are specific to sex and chemical class in the adult Wistar rat. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2023; 5:1216388. [PMID: 37577032 PMCID: PMC10414991 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2023.1216388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Accumulating evidence reveals that endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can disrupt aspects of metabolic programming, suggesting that skeletal development may be at risk, a possibility that is rarely examined. The commercial flame retardant (FR) mixture, Firemaster 550 (FM 550), has repeatedly been shown to negatively influence metabolic programming, raising concerns that skeletal integrity may consequently be impaired. We have previously shown that gestational and lactational exposure to 1,000 µg FM 550 negatively affected sex-specific skeletal traits in male, but not female, rats assessed at 6 months of age. Whether this outcome is primarily driven by the brominated (BFR) or organophosphate ester (OPFR) portions of the mixture or the effects persist to older ages is unknown. Materials and methods: To address this, in the present study, dams were orally exposed throughout gestation and lactation to either 1,000 μg BFR, 1,000 µg OPFR, or 2,000 µg FM 550. Offspring (n = 8/sex/exposure) were weaned at PND 21 and assessed for femoral cortical and trabecular bone parameters at 8 months of age by high-resolution X-ray micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). Serum levels of serotonin, osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase, and calcium were quantified. Results: FM 550 affected both sexes, but the females were more appreciably impacted by the OPFRs, while the males were more vulnerable to the BFRs. Conclusion: Although sex specificity was expected due to the sexual dimorphic nature of skeletal physiology, the mechanisms accounting for the male- and female-specific phenotypes remain to be determined. Future work aims to clarify these unresolved issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy Schkoda
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Brian Horman
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Shannah K. Witchey
- National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Anton Jansson
- Analytical Instrumentation Facility, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Soraia Macari
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Heather B. Patisaul
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
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10
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Printzi A, Koumoundouros G, Fournier V, Madec L, Zambonino-Infante JL, Mazurais D. Effect of Early Peptide Diets on Zebrafish Skeletal Development. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13040659. [PMID: 37189406 DOI: 10.3390/biom13040659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Incorporation of dietary peptides has been correlated with decreased presence of skeletal abnormalities in marine larvae. In an attempt to clarify the effect of smaller protein fractions on fish larval and post-larval skeleton, we designed three isoenergetic diets with partial substitution of their protein content with 0% (C), 6% (P6) and 12% (P12) shrimp di- and tripeptides. Experimental diets were tested in zebrafish under two regimes, with inclusion (ADF-Artemia and dry feed) or lack (DF-dry feed only) of live food. Results at the end of metamorphosis highlight the beneficial effect of P12 on growth, survival and early skeletal quality when dry diets are provided from first feeding (DF). Exclusive feeding with P12 also increased the musculoskeletal resistance of the post-larval skeleton against the swimming challenge test (SCT). On the contrary, Artemia inclusion (ADF) overruled any peptide effect in total fish performance. Given the unknown species' larval nutrient requirements, a 12% dietary peptide incorporation is proposed for successful rearing without live food. A potential nutritional control of the larval and post-larval skeletal development even in aquaculture species is suggested. Limitations of the current molecular analysis are discussed to enable the future identification of the peptide-driven regulatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Printzi
- Biology Department, University of Crete, 70013 Crete, Greece
- IFREMER, University of Brest, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzané, France
| | | | | | - Lauriane Madec
- IFREMER, University of Brest, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzané, France
| | | | - David Mazurais
- IFREMER, University of Brest, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzané, France
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11
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Imangali N, Sokolova V, Kostka K, Epple M, Winkler C. Functionalized calcium phosphate nanoparticles to direct osteoprotegerin to bone lesion sites in a medaka ( Oryzias latipes) osteoporosis model. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1101758. [PMID: 36909307 PMCID: PMC9992893 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1101758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium phosphate (CaP) is the inorganic part of hard tissues, such as bone, teeth and tendons, and has a high biocompatibility and good biodegradability. Therefore, CaP nanoparticles functionalized with DNA encoding bone anabolic factors are promising carrier-systems for future therapeutic development. Here, we analysed CaP nanoparticles in a genetically modified medaka fish model, where osteoporosis-like lesions can be induced by transgenic expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (Rankl). Rankl-transgenic medaka were used to visualize and understand effects of microinjected functionalized CaP nanoparticles during modulation of osteoclast activity in vivo. For this, we synthetized multi-shell CaP nanoparticles by rapid precipitation of calcium lactate and ammonium hydrogen phosphate followed by the addition of plasmid DNA encoding the osteoclastogenesis inhibitory factor osteoprotegerin-b (Opgb). An additional layer of poly(ethyleneimine) was added to enhance cellular uptake. Integrity of the synthesized nanoparticles was confirmed by dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Fluorescently labelled CaP nanoparticles were microinjected into the heart, trunk muscle or caudal fins of Rankl-transgenic medaka embryos that expressed fluorescent reporters in various bone cell types. Confocal time-lapse imaging revealed a uniform distribution of CaP nanoparticles in injected tissues and showed that nanoparticles were efficiently taken up by macrophages that subsequently differentiated into bone-resorbing osteoclasts. After Rankl induction, fish injected with Opg-functionalized nanoparticles showed delayed or absent degradation of mineralized matrix, i.e. a lower incidence of osteoporosis-like phenotypes. This is proof of principle that CaP nanoparticles can be used as carriers to efficiently deliver modulatory compounds to osteoclasts and block their activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurgul Imangali
- Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for Bioimaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Viktoriya Sokolova
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Kostka
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Matthias Epple
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Christoph Winkler
- Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for Bioimaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- *Correspondence: Christoph Winkler,
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12
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Lin WY, Dharini KK, Peng CH, Lin CY, Yeh KT, Lee WC, Lin MD. Zebrafish models for glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Tzu Chi Med J 2022; 34:373-380. [PMID: 36578638 PMCID: PMC9791848 DOI: 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_80_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) is the most common form of secondary osteoporosis due to excessive or long-term glucocorticoid administration, disturbing the homeostasis between bone formation and bone resorption. The bone biology of zebrafish shares a high degree of similarities with mammals. In terms of molecular level, genes and signaling pathways related to skeletogenesis are also highly correlated between zebrafish and humans. Therefore, zebrafish have been utilized to develop multiple GIOP models. Taking advantage of the transparency of zebrafish larvae, their skeletal development and bone mineralization can be readily visualized through in vivo staining without invasive experimental handlings. Moreover, the feasibility of using scales or fin rays to study bone remodeling makes adult zebrafish an ideal model for GIOP research. Here, we reviewed current zebrafish models for GIOP research, focused on the tools and methods established for examining bone homeostasis. As an in vivo, convenient, and robust model, zebrafish have an advantage in performing high-throughput drug screening and could be used to investigate the action mechanisms of therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ying Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | | | - Cheng-Huan Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan,Institute of Medical Science, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan,School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yen Lin
- Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Ting Yeh
- Department of Orthopedics, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan,School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chih Lee
- Research Center for Global SDGs Challenges, Office of Research and Development, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan,Address for correspondence: Dr. Wen-Chih Lee, Research Center for Global SDGs Challenges, Office of Research and Development, Tzu Chi University, 701, Zhongyang Road, Section 3, Hualien, Taiwan. E-mail:
Prof. Ming-Der Lin, Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi University, 701, Zhongyang Road, Section 3, Hualien, Taiwan. E-mail:
| | - Ming-Der Lin
- Institute of Medical Science, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan,Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan,Address for correspondence: Dr. Wen-Chih Lee, Research Center for Global SDGs Challenges, Office of Research and Development, Tzu Chi University, 701, Zhongyang Road, Section 3, Hualien, Taiwan. E-mail:
Prof. Ming-Der Lin, Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi University, 701, Zhongyang Road, Section 3, Hualien, Taiwan. E-mail:
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13
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Rosa JT, Tarasco M, Gavaia PJ, Cancela ML, Laizé V. Screening of Mineralogenic and Osteogenic Compounds in Zebrafish—Tools to Improve Assay Throughput and Data Accuracy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15080983. [PMID: 36015130 PMCID: PMC9412667 DOI: 10.3390/ph15080983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone disorders affect millions of people worldwide and treatments currently available often produce undesirable secondary effects or have limited efficacy. It is therefore of the utmost interest for patients to develop more efficient drugs with reduced off-target activities. In the long process of drug development, screening and preclinical validation have recently gained momentum with the increased use of zebrafish as a model organism to study pathological processes related to human bone disorders, and the development of zebrafish high-throughput screening assays to identify bone anabolic compounds. In this review, we provided a comprehensive overview of the literature on zebrafish bone-related assays and evaluated their performance towards an integration into screening pipelines for the discovery of mineralogenic/osteogenic compounds. Tools available to standardize fish housing and feeding procedures, synchronize embryo production, and automatize specimen sorting and image acquisition/analysis toward faster and more accurate screening outputs were also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana T. Rosa
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- S2AQUA—Collaborative Laboratory, Association for a Sustainable and Smart Aquaculture, 8700-194 Olhão, Portugal
| | - Marco Tarasco
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Paulo J. Gavaia
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- GreenColab—Associação Oceano Verde, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - M. Leonor Cancela
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Vincent Laizé
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- S2AQUA—Collaborative Laboratory, Association for a Sustainable and Smart Aquaculture, 8700-194 Olhão, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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14
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Mutation of foxl1 Results in Reduced Cartilage Markers in a Zebrafish Model of Otosclerosis. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13071107. [PMID: 35885890 PMCID: PMC9319681 DOI: 10.3390/genes13071107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone diseases such as otosclerosis (conductive hearing loss) and osteoporosis (low bone mineral density) can result from the abnormal expression of genes that regulate cartilage and bone development. The forkhead box transcription factor FOXL1 has been identified as the causative gene in a family with autosomal dominant otosclerosis and has been reported as a candidate gene in GWAS meta-analyses for osteoporosis. This potentially indicates a novel role for foxl1 in chondrogenesis, osteogenesis, and bone remodelling. We created a foxl1 mutant zebrafish strain as a model for otosclerosis and osteoporosis and examined jaw bones that are homologous to the mammalian middle ear bones, and mineralization of the axial skeleton. We demonstrate that foxl1 regulates the expression of collagen genes such as collagen type 1 alpha 1a and collagen type 11 alpha 2, and results in a delay in jawbone mineralization, while the axial skeleton remains unchanged. foxl1 may also act with other forkhead genes such as foxc1a, as loss of foxl1 in a foxc1a mutant background increases the severity of jaw calcification phenotypes when compared to each mutant alone. Our zebrafish model demonstrates atypical cartilage formation and mineralization in the zebrafish craniofacial skeleton in foxl1 mutants and demonstrates that aberrant collagen expression may underlie the development of otosclerosis.
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15
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Tan WH, Winkler C. A non-disruptive and efficient knock-in approach allows fate tracing of resident osteoblast progenitors during repair of vertebral lesions in medaka. Development 2022; 149:275483. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.200238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
During bone development and repair, osteoblasts are recruited to bone deposition sites. To identify the origin of recruited osteoblasts, cell lineage tracing using Cre/loxP recombination is commonly used. However, a confounding factor is the use of transgenic Cre drivers that do not accurately recapitulate endogenous gene expression or the use of knock-in Cre drivers that alter endogenous protein activity or levels. Here, we describe a CRISPR/Cas9 homology-directed repair knock-in approach that allows efficient generation of Cre drivers controlled by the endogenous gene promoter. In addition, a self-cleaving peptide preserves the reading frame of the endogenous protein. Using this approach, we generated col10a1p2a-CreERT2 knock-in medaka and show that tamoxifen-inducible CreERT2 efficiently recombined loxP sites in col10a1 cells. Similar knock-in efficiencies were obtained when two unrelated loci (osr1 and col2a1a) were targeted. Using live imaging, we traced the fate of col10a1 osteoblast progenitors during bone lesion repair in the medaka vertebral column. We show that col10a1 cells at neural arches represent a mobilizable cellular source for bone repair. Together, our study describes a previously unreported strategy for precise cell lineage tracing via efficient and non-disruptive knock-in of Cre.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Hui Tan
- National University of Singapore Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for Bioimaging Sciences , , Singapore 117543 , Singapore
| | - Christoph Winkler
- National University of Singapore Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for Bioimaging Sciences , , Singapore 117543 , Singapore
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16
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Khrystoforova I, Shochat-Carvalho C, Harari R, Henke K, Woronowicz K, Harris MP, Karasik D. Zebrafish mutants reveal unexpected role of Lrp5 in osteoclast regulation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:985304. [PMID: 36120446 PMCID: PMC9478031 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.985304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-density Lipoprotein Receptor-related Protein 5 (LRP5) functions as a co-receptor for Wnt ligands, controlling expression of genes involved in osteogenesis. In humans, loss-of-function mutations in LRP5 cause Osteoporosis-Pseudoglioma syndrome, a low bone mass disorder, while gain-of-function missense mutations have been observed in individuals with high bone mass. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a popular model for human disease research, as genetic determinants that control bone formation are generally conserved between zebrafish and mammals. We generated lrp5- knock-out zebrafish to study its role in skeletogenesis and homeostasis. Loss of lrp5 in zebrafish leads to craniofacial deformities and low bone mineral density (total body and head) at adult ages. To understand the mechanism and consequences of the observed phenotypes, we performed transcriptome analysis of the cranium of adult lrp5 mutants and siblings. Enrichment analysis revealed upregulation of genes significantly associated with hydrolase activity: mmp9, mmp13a, acp5a. acp5a encodes Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) which is commonly used as an osteoclast marker, while Matrix metalloprotease 9, Mmp9, is known to be secreted by osteoclasts and stimulate bone resorption. These genes point to changes in osteoclast differentiation regulated by lrp5. To analyze these changes functionally, we assessed osteoclast dynamics in mutants and observed increased TRAP staining, significantly larger resorption areas, and developmental skeletal dysmorphologies in the mutant, suggesting higher resorptive activity in the absence of Lrp5 signaling. Our findings support a conserved role of Lrp5 in maintaining bone mineral density and revealed unexpected insights into the function of Lrp5 in bone homeostasis through moderation of osteoclast function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ram Harari
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Katrin Henke
- Department of Orthopedics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Katherine Woronowicz
- Department of Orthopaedics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Matthew P. Harris
- Department of Orthopaedics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - David Karasik
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
- *Correspondence: David Karasik,
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17
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Adewoyin M, Teoh SL, Azmai MNA, Nasruddin NS. Exploiting the Differences Between Zebrafish and Medaka in Biological Research: A Complementary Approach. PHARMACOPHORE 2022. [DOI: 10.51847/a5qhctavdz] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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18
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Cotti S, Huysseune A, Larionova D, Koppe W, Forlino A, Witten PE. Compression Fractures and Partial Phenotype Rescue With a Low Phosphorus Diet in the Chihuahua Zebrafish Osteogenesis Imperfecta Model. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:851879. [PMID: 35282456 PMCID: PMC8913339 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.851879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a group of heritable disorders affecting bone and other connective tissues. Dominant OI forms are mainly caused by mutations in collagen type I. Patients suffer from skeletal deformities, fractures of long bones and vertebral compression fractures from early childhood onward. Altered collagen structure and excess mineralisation are the main causes for the bone phenotype. The Chihuahua (Chi/+) zebrafish has become an important model for OI. Given that reduced dietary phosphorus (P) intake reduces the bone mineral content and promotes bone matrix formation in teleosts, including zebrafish, we tested whether a low dietary P (LP) intake mitigates the OI phenotype in the Chi/+ model. To answer this question, we characterised the Chi/+ vertebral column phenotype at a morphological, cellular and subcellular level. We present the first description of vertebral compression fractures in Chi/+ and assess the effects of LP diet on the Chi/+ phenotype (Chi/+LP). Compared to untreated Chi/+, two months of LP dietary treatment decreases vertebral deformities in the abdominal region and reduces shape variation of caudal vertebral bodies to a condition more similar to wild type (WT). At the histological level, the osteoid layer, covering the bone at the vertebral body endplates in WT zebrafish, is absent in Chi/+, but it is partially restored with the LP diet. Whole mount-stained specimens and histological sections show various stages of vertebral compression fractures in Chi/+ and Chi/+LP animals. Both Chi/+ and Chi/+LP show abundant osteoclast activity compared to WT. Finally, the ultrastructure analysis of WT, Chi/+ and Chi/+LP shows Chi/+ and Chi/+LP osteoblasts with enlarged endoplasmic reticulum cisternae and a high protein content, consistent with intracellular retention of mutated collagen. Nevertheless, the secreted collagen in Chi/+LP appears better organised concerning fibre periodicity compared to Chi/+. Our findings suggest that a reduced mineral content of Chi/+ bone could explain the lower frequency of vertebral column deformities and the restored shape of the vertebral bodies in Chi/+LP animals. This, together with the improved quality of the bone extracellular matrix, suggests that two months of reduced dietary P intake can alleviate the severe bone phenotype in Chi/+ zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Cotti
- Evolutionary Developmental Biology Group, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- *Correspondence: Silvia Cotti,
| | - Ann Huysseune
- Evolutionary Developmental Biology Group, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Daria Larionova
- Evolutionary Developmental Biology Group, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | | | - Antonella Forlino
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Paul Eckhard Witten
- Evolutionary Developmental Biology Group, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
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19
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Huysseune A, Cerny R, Witten PE. The conundrum of pharyngeal teeth origin: the role of germ layers, pouches, and gill slits. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 97:414-447. [PMID: 34647411 PMCID: PMC9293187 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
There are several competing hypotheses on tooth origins, with discussions eventually settling in favour of an 'outside-in' scenario, in which internal odontodes (teeth) derived from external odontodes (skin denticles) in jawless vertebrates. The evolution of oral teeth from skin denticles can be intuitively understood from their location at the mouth entrance. However, the basal condition for jawed vertebrates is arguably to possess teeth distributed throughout the oropharynx (i.e. oral and pharyngeal teeth). As skin denticle development requires the presence of ectoderm-derived epithelium and of mesenchyme, it remains to be answered how odontode-forming skin epithelium, or its competence, were 'transferred' deep into the endoderm-covered oropharynx. The 'modified outside-in' hypothesis for tooth origins proposed that this transfer was accomplished through displacement of odontogenic epithelium, that is ectoderm, not only through the mouth, but also via any opening (e.g. gill slits) that connects the ectoderm to the epithelial lining of the pharynx (endoderm). This review explores from an evolutionary and from a developmental perspective whether ectoderm plays a role in (pharyngeal) tooth and denticle formation. Historic and recent studies on tooth development show that the odontogenic epithelium (enamel organ) of oral or pharyngeal teeth can be of ectodermal, endodermal, or of mixed ecto-endodermal origin. Comprehensive data are, however, only available for a few taxa. Interestingly, in these taxa, the enamel organ always develops from the basal layer of a stratified epithelium that is at least bilayered. In zebrafish, a miniaturised teleost that only retains pharyngeal teeth, an epithelial surface layer with ectoderm-like characters is required to initiate the formation of an enamel organ from the basal, endodermal epithelium. In urodele amphibians, the bilayered epithelium is endodermal, but the surface layer acquires ectodermal characters, here termed 'epidermalised endoderm'. Furthermore, ectoderm-endoderm contacts at pouch-cleft boundaries (i.e. the prospective gill slits) are important for pharyngeal tooth initiation, even if the influx of ectoderm via these routes is limited. A balance between sonic hedgehog and retinoic acid signalling could operate to assign tooth-initiating competence to the endoderm at the level of any particular pouch. In summary, three characters are identified as being required for pharyngeal tooth formation: (i) pouch-cleft contact, (ii) a stratified epithelium, of which (iii) the apical layer adopts ectodermal features. These characters delimit the area in which teeth can form, yet cannot alone explain the distribution of teeth over the different pharyngeal arches. The review concludes with a hypothetical evolutionary scenario regarding the persisting influence of ectoderm on pharyngeal tooth formation. Studies on basal osteichthyans with less-specialised types of early embryonic development will provide a crucial test for the potential role of ectoderm in pharyngeal tooth formation and for the 'modified outside-in' hypothesis of tooth origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Huysseune
- Research Group Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Biology Department, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, Ghent, B-9000, Belgium
| | - Robert Cerny
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicna 7, Prague, 128 44, Czech Republic
| | - P Eckhard Witten
- Research Group Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Biology Department, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, Ghent, B-9000, Belgium
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20
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Bek JW, Shochat C, De Clercq A, De Saffel H, Boel A, Metz J, Rodenburg F, Karasik D, Willaert A, Coucke PJ. Lrp5 Mutant and Crispant Zebrafish Faithfully Model Human Osteoporosis, Establishing the Zebrafish as a Platform for CRISPR-Based Functional Screening of Osteoporosis Candidate Genes. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:1749-1764. [PMID: 33957005 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Genomewide association studies (GWAS) have improved our understanding of the genetic architecture of common complex diseases such as osteoporosis. Nevertheless, to attribute functional skeletal contributions of candidate genes to osteoporosis-related traits, there is a need for efficient and cost-effective in vivo functional testing. This can be achieved through CRISPR-based reverse genetic screens, where phenotyping is traditionally performed in stable germline knockout (KO) mutants. Recently it was shown that first-generation (F0) mosaic mutant zebrafish (so-called crispants) recapitulate the phenotype of germline KOs. To demonstrate feasibility of functional validation of osteoporosis candidate genes through crispant screening, we compared a crispant to a stable KO zebrafish model for the lrp5 gene. In humans, recessive loss-of-function mutations in LRP5, a co-receptor in the Wnt signaling pathway, cause osteoporosis-pseudoglioma syndrome. In addition, several GWAS studies identified LRP5 as a major risk locus for osteoporosis-related phenotypes. In this study, we showed that early stage lrp5 KO larvae display decreased notochord mineralization and malformations of the head cartilage. Quantitative micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) scanning and mass-spectrometry element analysis of the adult skeleton revealed decreased vertebral bone volume and bone mineralization, hallmark features of osteoporosis. Furthermore, regenerating fin tissue displayed reduced Wnt signaling activity in lrp5 KO adults. We next compared lrp5 mutants with crispants. Next-generation sequencing analysis of adult crispant tissue revealed a mean out-of-frame mutation rate of 76%, resulting in strongly reduced levels of Lrp5 protein. These crispants generally showed a milder but nonetheless highly comparable skeletal phenotype and a similarly reduced Wnt pathway response compared with lrp5 KO mutants. In conclusion, we show through faithful modeling of LRP5-related primary osteoporosis that crispant screening in zebrafish is a promising approach for rapid functional screening of osteoporosis candidate genes. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Willem Bek
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Chen Shochat
- The Musculoskeletal Genetics Laboratory, The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Adelbert De Clercq
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hanna De Saffel
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Annekatrien Boel
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department for Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University-University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Juriaan Metz
- Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frans Rodenburg
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan.,Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Mathematical Institute, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - David Karasik
- The Musculoskeletal Genetics Laboratory, The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel.,Hebrew SeniorLife, Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andy Willaert
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Paul J Coucke
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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21
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Formosa MM, Bergen DJM, Gregson CL, Maurizi A, Kämpe A, Garcia-Giralt N, Zhou W, Grinberg D, Ovejero Crespo D, Zillikens MC, Williams GR, Bassett JHD, Brandi ML, Sangiorgi L, Balcells S, Högler W, Van Hul W, Mäkitie O. A Roadmap to Gene Discoveries and Novel Therapies in Monogenic Low and High Bone Mass Disorders. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:709711. [PMID: 34539568 PMCID: PMC8444146 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.709711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic disorders of the skeleton encompass a diverse group of bone diseases differing in clinical characteristics, severity, incidence and molecular etiology. Of particular interest are the monogenic rare bone mass disorders, with the underlying genetic defect contributing to either low or high bone mass phenotype. Extensive, deep phenotyping coupled with high-throughput, cost-effective genotyping is crucial in the characterization and diagnosis of affected individuals. Massive parallel sequencing efforts have been instrumental in the discovery of novel causal genes that merit functional validation using in vitro and ex vivo cell-based techniques, and in vivo models, mainly mice and zebrafish. These translational models also serve as an excellent platform for therapeutic discovery, bridging the gap between basic science research and the clinic. Altogether, genetic studies of monogenic rare bone mass disorders have broadened our knowledge on molecular signaling pathways coordinating bone development and metabolism, disease inheritance patterns, development of new and improved bone biomarkers, and identification of novel drug targets. In this comprehensive review we describe approaches to further enhance the innovative processes taking discoveries from clinic to bench, and then back to clinic in rare bone mass disorders. We highlight the importance of cross laboratory collaboration to perform functional validation in multiple model systems after identification of a novel disease gene. We describe the monogenic forms of rare low and high rare bone mass disorders known to date, provide a roadmap to unravel the genetic determinants of monogenic rare bone mass disorders using proper phenotyping and genotyping methods, and describe different genetic validation approaches paving the way for future treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M. Formosa
- Department of Applied Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Dylan J. M. Bergen
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- The Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Celia L. Gregson
- The Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Antonio Maurizi
- Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnological, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Anders Kämpe
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Natalia Garcia-Giralt
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Daniel Grinberg
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diana Ovejero Crespo
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M. Carola Zillikens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Graham R. Williams
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - J. H. Duncan Bassett
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Luisa Brandi
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine (M.L.B.), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Luca Sangiorgi
- Department of Medical Genetics and Skeletal Rare Diseases, IRCCS Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Susanna Balcells
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Wolfgang Högler
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Wim Van Hul
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Outi Mäkitie
- Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Centre, Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
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22
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DuMez R, Miyanji EH, Corado-Santiago L, Barrameda B, Zhou Y, Hettiarachchi SD, Leblanc RM, Skromne I. In vivo characterization of carbon dots-bone interactions: toward the development of bone-specific nanocarriers for drug delivery. Drug Deliv 2021; 28:1281-1289. [PMID: 34176374 PMCID: PMC8238062 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2021.1938753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Current treatments for osteoporosis and other bone degenerative diseases predominately rely on preventing further bone erosion rather than restoring bone mass, as the latter treatments can unintentionally trigger cancer development by undiscriminatingly promoting cell proliferation. One approach to circumvent this problem is through the development of novel chemical carriers to deliver drug agents specifically to bones. We have recently shown that carbon nanodots (C-dots) synthesized from carbon nanopowder can bind with high affinity and specificity to developing bones in the larval zebrafish. Larval bones, however, are physiologically different from adult bones in their growth, repair, and regeneration properties. Here we report that C-dots can bind to adult zebrafish bones and that this binding is highly specific to areas of appositional growth. C-dots deposition occurred within 30 minutes after delivery and was highly selective, with bones undergoing regeneration and repair showing higher levels of C-dots deposition than bones undergoing normal homeostatic turnover. Importantly, C-dots deposition did not interfere with bone regeneration or the animal’s health. Together, our results establish C-dots as a potential novel vehicle for the targeted delivery of drugs to treat adult bone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel DuMez
- Department Biology, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA, USA
| | | | | | - Bryle Barrameda
- Department Biology, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Yiqun Zhou
- Department Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | | | - Roger M Leblanc
- Department Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Isaac Skromne
- Department Biology, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA, USA
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23
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Rosa JT, Laizé V, Gavaia PJ, Cancela ML. Fish Models of Induced Osteoporosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:672424. [PMID: 34179000 PMCID: PMC8222987 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.672424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteopenia and osteoporosis are bone disorders characterized by reduced bone mineral density (BMD), altered bone microarchitecture and increased bone fragility. Because of global aging, their incidence is rapidly increasing worldwide and novel treatments that would be more efficient at preventing disease progression and at reducing the risk of bone fractures are needed. Preclinical studies are today a major bottleneck to the collection of new data and the discovery of new drugs, since they are commonly based on rodent in vivo systems that are time consuming and expensive, or in vitro systems that do not exactly recapitulate the complexity of low BMD disorders. In this regard, teleost fish, in particular zebrafish and medaka, have recently emerged as suitable alternatives to study bone formation and mineralization and to model human bone disorders. In addition to the many technical advantages that allow faster and larger studies, the availability of several fish models that efficiently mimic human osteopenia and osteoporosis phenotypes has stimulated the interest of the academia and industry toward a better understanding of the mechanisms of pathogenesis but also toward the discovery of new bone anabolic or antiresorptive compounds. This mini review recapitulates the in vivo teleost fish systems available to study low BMD disorders and highlights their applications and the recent advances in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana T Rosa
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Vincent Laizé
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.,S2 AQUA - Sustainable and Smart Aquaculture Collaborative Laboratory, Olhão, Portugal
| | - Paulo J Gavaia
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.,GreenCoLab - Associação Oceano Verde, Faro, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - M Leonor Cancela
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.,Algarve Biomedical Center, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
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24
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Costantini A, Muurinen MH, Mäkitie O. New gene discoveries in skeletal diseases with short stature. Endocr Connect 2021; 10:R160-R174. [PMID: 33830070 PMCID: PMC8183621 DOI: 10.1530/ec-21-0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade, the widespread use of massively parallel sequencing has considerably boosted the number of novel gene discoveries in monogenic skeletal diseases with short stature. Defects in genes playing a role in the maintenance and function of the growth plate, the site of longitudinal bone growth, are a well-known cause of skeletal diseases with short stature. However, several genes involved in extracellular matrix composition or maintenance as well as genes partaking in various biological processes have also been characterized. This review aims to describe the latest genetic findings in spondyloepiphyseal dysplasias, spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasias, and some monogenic forms of isolated short stature. Some examples of novel genetic mechanisms leading to skeletal conditions with short stature will be described. Strategies on how to successfully characterize novel skeletal phenotypes with short stature and genetic approaches to detect and validate novel gene-disease correlations will be discussed in detail. In summary, we review the latest gene discoveries underlying skeletal diseases with short stature and emphasize the importance of characterizing novel molecular mechanisms for genetic counseling, for an optimal management of the disease, and for therapeutic innovations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Costantini
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mari H Muurinen
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Outi Mäkitie
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Correspondence should be addressed to O Mäkitie:
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25
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Martini A, Huysseune A, Witten PE, Boglione C. Plasticity of the skeleton and skeletal deformities in zebrafish (Danio rerio) linked to rearing density. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2021; 98:971-986. [PMID: 32010967 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The teleost zebrafish (Danio rerio), an established model for human skeletal diseases, is reared under controlled conditions with defined parameters for temperature and photoperiod. Studies aimed at defining the proper rearing density have been performed with regard to behavioural and physiological stress response, sex ratio and reproduction. Studies concerning the effect of rearing density on the skeletal phenotype are lacking. This study analyses the response of the skeleton to different rearing densities and describes the skeletal deformities. Wild-type zebrafish were reared up to 30 dpf (days post-fertilization) in a common environment. From 30 to 90 dpf, animals were reared at three different densities: high density (HD), 32 fish l-1 ; medium density (MD), 8 fish l-1 and low density (LD), 2 fish l-1 . Animals at 30 and 90 dpf were collected and whole-mount stained with Alizarin red S to visualize mineralized tissues. The entire skeleton was analysed for meristic counts and 172 types of deformities. The results showed that the rearing density significantly influenced the specimens' average standard length, which decreased with the increase in the rearing density. Differences in meristic counts among the three groups were not observed. Rearing density-independent malformations affected the ribs, neural arches and the spines of the abdominal region, as well as vertebrae of the caudal complex. The HD group showed the highest number of deformities per specimen, the highest number of observed types of deformities and, together with the MD group, the highest frequency of specimens affected by severe deformities. In particular, the HD group showed deformities affecting arches, spines and vertebral centra in the caudal region of the vertebral column. This study provides evidence of an effect of the rearing density on the development of different skeletal phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Martini
- Laboratory of Experimental Ecology and Aquaculture, Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, Gent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Ann Huysseune
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, Gent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - P Eckhard Witten
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, Gent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Clara Boglione
- Laboratory of Experimental Ecology and Aquaculture, Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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26
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Printzi A, Fragkoulis S, Dimitriadi A, Keklikoglou K, Arvanitidis C, Witten PE, Koumoundouros G. Exercise-induced lordosis in zebrafish Danio rerio (Hamilton, 1822). JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2021; 98:987-994. [PMID: 31858594 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The anabolic effect of exercise on muscles and bones is well documented. In teleost fish, exercise has been shown to accelerate skeletogenesis, to increase bone volume, and to change the shape of vertebral bodies. Still, increased swimming has also been reported to induce malformations of the teleost vertebral column, particularly lordosis. This study examines whether zebrafish (Danio rerio) develops lordosis as a result of continuous physical exercise. Zebrafish were subjected, for 1 week, to an increased swimming exercise of 5.0, 6.5 or 8.0 total body lengths (TL) per second. Control and exercise group zebrafish were examined for the presence of vertebral abnormalities, by in vivo examination, whole mount staining for bone and cartilage and histology and micro-computed tomography (CT) scanning. Exercise zebrafish developed a significantly higher rate of lordosis in the haemal part of the vertebral column. At the end of the experiment, the frequency of lordosis in the control groups was 0.5 ± 1.3% and that in the exercise groups was 7.5 ± 10.6%, 47.5 ± 10.6% and 92.5 ± 6.0% of 5.0, 6.5 and 8.0 TL∙s-1 , respectively. Histological analysis and CT scanning revealed abnormal vertebrae with dorsal folding of the vertebral body end plates. Possible mechanisms that trigger lordotic spine malformations are discussed. This is the first study to report a quick, reliable and welfare-compatible method of inducing skeletal abnormalities in a vertebrate model during the post-embryonic period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Printzi
- Biology Department, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | | | | | - Kleoniki Keklikoglou
- Institute for Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Christos Arvanitidis
- Institute for Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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27
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Pham CV, Pham TT, Lai TT, Trinh DC, Nguyen HVM, Ha TTM, Phuong TT, Tran LD, Winkler C, To TT. Icariin reduces bone loss in a Rankl-induced transgenic medaka (Oryzias latipes) model for osteoporosis. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2021; 98:1039-1048. [PMID: 31858585 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Given the limitations and side effects of many synthetic drugs, natural products are an important alternative source for drugs and medications for many diseases. Icariin (ICA), one of the main flavonoids from plants of the Epimedium genus, has been shown to ameliorate osteoporosis and improve bone health in preclinical studies. Those studies have used different in vivo models, mostly rodents, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The present study shows, for the first time, that ICA reduces bone damage in a Rankl-induced medaka fish (Oryzias latipes), a non-rodent osteoporosis model. Live imaging was previously performed in this model to characterize antiresorptive and bone-anabolic properties of drugs. Here, a new quantification method (IM ) was established based on the length of mineralized neural arches to quantify levels of bone mineralization damage and protection in early post-embryonic fish. This method was validated by quantification of three levels of bone damage in three independent Rankl fish lines, and by the determination of different degrees of severity of osteoporosis-like phenotypes in one Rankl line exposed to variable Rankl induction schemes. IM was also used to quantify the efficacy of alendronate and etidronate, two common anti-osteoporotic bisphosphonates, and revealed comparable bone protective effects for ICA and alendronate in this fish osteoporosis model. This study's data support the value of the medaka fish model for bone research and establish a method to screen for novel osteoprotective compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuong V Pham
- Faculty of Biology, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thanh T Pham
- Faculty of Biology, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thuy T Lai
- Faculty of Biology, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dat C Trinh
- Faculty of Biology, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Huong V M Nguyen
- Faculty of Biology, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tam T M Ha
- Faculty of Biology, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thuong T Phuong
- Department of Herbal Analysis and Standardization, Vietnam National Institute of Medicinal Materials, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Long D Tran
- Faculty of Biology, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
- The Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Protein Technology, VNU University of Science, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Christoph Winkler
- Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for Bioimaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thuy T To
- Faculty of Biology, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
- The Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Protein Technology, VNU University of Science, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Dinh Tien Hoang Institute of Medicine, Hanoi, Vietnam
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28
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Ofer L, Zaslansky P, Shahar R. A comparison of the structure, composition and mechanical properties of anosteocytic vertebrae of medaka (O. latipes) and osteocytic vertebrae of zebrafish (D. rerio). JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2021; 98:995-1006. [PMID: 32239680 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Medaka (O. latipes) and zebrafish (D. rerio) are two teleost fish increasingly used as models to study human skeletal diseases. Although they are similar in size, swimming pattern and many other characteristics, these two species are very distant from an evolutionary point of view (by at least 100 million years). A prominent difference between the skeletons of medaka and zebrafish is the total absence of osteocytes in medaka (anosteocytic), while zebrafish bone contains numerous osteocytes (osteocytic). This fundamental difference suggests the possibility that the bony elements of their skeleton may be different in a variety of other aspects, structural, mechanical or both, particularly in heavily loaded bones like the vertebrae. Here we report on the results of a comparative study that aimed to determine the similarities and differences in medaka and zebrafish vertebrae in terms of their macro- to nanostructure, composition and mechanical properties. Our results reveal many similarities between medaka and zebrafish vertebrae, making the lack or presence of osteocytes the only major difference between the bones of these two species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lior Ofer
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Paul Zaslansky
- Department for Restorative and Preventive Dentistry, Charité - Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ron Shahar
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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29
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Bek JW, De Clercq A, De Saffel H, Soenens M, Huysseune A, Witten PE, Coucke PJ, Willaert A. Photoconvertible fluorescent proteins: a versatile tool in zebrafish skeletal imaging. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2021; 98:1007-1017. [PMID: 32242924 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
One of the most frequently applied techniques in zebrafish (Danio rerio) research is the visualisation or manipulation of specific cell populations using transgenic reporter lines. The generation of these transgenic zebrafish, displaying cell- or tissue-specific expression of frequently used fluorophores such as Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) or mCherry, is relatively easy using modern techniques. Fluorophores with different emission wavelengths and driven by different promoters can be monitored simultaneously in the same animal. Photoconvertible fluorescent proteins (pcFPs) are different from these standard fluorophores because their emission spectrum is changed when exposed to UV light, a process called photoconversion. Here, the benefits and versatility of using pcFPs for both single and dual fluorochrome imaging in zebrafish skeletal research in a previously generated osx:Kaede transgenic line are illustrated. In this line, Kaede, which is expressed under control of the osterix, otherwise known as sp7, promoter thereby labelling immature osteoblasts, can switch from green to red fluorescence upon irradiation with UV light. First, this study demonstrates that osx:Kaede exhibits an expression pattern similar to a previously described osx:nuGFP transgenic line in both larval and adult stages, hereby validating the use of this line for the imaging of immature osteoblasts. More in-depth experiments highlight different applications for osx:Kaede, such as lineage tracing and its combined use with in vivo skeletal staining and other transgenic backgrounds. Mineral staining in combination with osx:Kaede confirms osteoblast-independent mineralisation of the notochord. Osteoblast lineage tracing reveals migration and dedifferentiation of scleroblasts during fin regeneration. Finally, this study shows that combining two transgenics, osx:Kaede and osc:GFP, with similar emission wavelengths is possible when using a pcFP such as Kaede.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Willem Bek
- Center of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University-University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Adelbert De Clercq
- Center of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University-University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hanna De Saffel
- Center of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University-University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mieke Soenens
- Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Biology Department, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ann Huysseune
- Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Biology Department, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - P Eckhard Witten
- Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Biology Department, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Paul J Coucke
- Center of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University-University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andy Willaert
- Center of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University-University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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30
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Imangali N, Phan QT, Mahady G, Winkler C. The dietary anthocyanin delphinidin prevents bone resorption by inhibiting Rankl-induced differentiation of osteoclasts in a medaka (Oryzias latipes) model of osteoporosis. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2021; 98:1018-1030. [PMID: 32155282 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The anthocyanin delphinidin is a natural compound found as water-soluble pigment in coloured fruits and berries. Anthocyanin-rich diets have been proposed to have bone protective effects in humans and mice, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we used a medaka (Oryzias latipes) osteoporosis model to test the effects of delphinidin on bone cells in vivo. In this model, inducible transgenic expression of receptor-activator of NF-kβ ligand (Rankl) leads to ectopic formation of osteoclasts and excessive bone resorption, similar to the situation in human osteoporosis patients. Using live imaging in medaka bone reporter lines, we show that delphinidin significantly reduces the number of osteoclasts after Rankl induction and protects bone integrity in a dose-dependent manner. Our in vivo findings suggest that delphinidin primarily affects the de novo differentiation of macrophages into osteoclasts rather than the recruitment of macrophages to sites of bone resorption. For already existing osteoclasts, delphinidin treatment affected their morphology, leading to fewer protrusions and a more spherical shape. Apoptosis rates were not increased by delphinidin, suggesting that osteoclast numbers were reduced primarily by impaired differentiation from macrophage progenitors and reduced maintenance of pre-existing osteoclasts. Importantly, and in contrast to previously reported cell culture experiments, no effect of delphinidin on osteoblast differentiation and distribution was observed in medaka in vivo. Our study is the first report on the effects of delphinidin on bone cells in fish embryos, which are a unique model system for compound testing that is suitable for live imaging of bone cell behaviour in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurgul Imangali
- Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for Bioimaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Quang Tien Phan
- Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for Bioimaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gail Mahady
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, PAHO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Traditional Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Christoph Winkler
- Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for Bioimaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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31
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Dietrich K, Fiedler IA, Kurzyukova A, López-Delgado AC, McGowan LM, Geurtzen K, Hammond CL, Busse B, Knopf F. Skeletal Biology and Disease Modeling in Zebrafish. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:436-458. [PMID: 33484578 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish are teleosts (bony fish) that share with mammals a common ancestor belonging to the phylum Osteichthyes, from which their endoskeletal systems have been inherited. Indeed, teleosts and mammals have numerous genetically conserved features in terms of skeletal elements, ossification mechanisms, and bone matrix components in common. Yet differences related to bone morphology and function need to be considered when investigating zebrafish in skeletal research. In this review, we focus on zebrafish skeletal architecture with emphasis on the morphology of the vertebral column and associated anatomical structures. We provide an overview of the different ossification types and osseous cells in zebrafish and describe bone matrix composition at the microscopic tissue level with a focus on assessing mineralization. Processes of bone formation also strongly depend on loading in zebrafish, as we elaborate here. Furthermore, we illustrate the high regenerative capacity of zebrafish bones and present some of the technological advantages of using zebrafish as a model. We highlight zebrafish axial and fin skeleton patterning mechanisms, metabolic bone disease such as after immunosuppressive glucocorticoid treatment, as well as osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) and osteopetrosis research in zebrafish. We conclude with a view of why larval zebrafish xenografts are a powerful tool to study bone metastasis. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Dietrich
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), Center for Healthy Aging TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Imke Ak Fiedler
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anastasia Kurzyukova
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), Center for Healthy Aging TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alejandra C López-Delgado
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), Center for Healthy Aging TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lucy M McGowan
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Karina Geurtzen
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), Center for Healthy Aging TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Chrissy L Hammond
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Björn Busse
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Competence Center for Interface Research (ICCIR), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Knopf
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), Center for Healthy Aging TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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32
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A comparative genomic database of skeletogenesis genes: from fish to mammals. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2021; 38:100796. [PMID: 33676152 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2021.100796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Skeletogenesis is a complex process that requires a rigorous control at multiple levels during osteogenesis, such as signaling pathways and transcription factors. The skeleton among vertebrates is a highly conserved organ system, but teleost fish and mammals have evolved unique traits or have lost particular skeletal elements in each lineage. In present study, we constructed a skeletogenesis database containing 4101, 3715, 2996, 3300, 3719 and 3737 genes in Danio rerio, Oryzias latipes, Gallus gallus, Xenopus tropicalis, Mus musculus and Homo sapiens genome, respectively. Then, we found over 55% of the genes are conserved in the six species. Notably, there are 181 specific-genes in the human genome without orthologues in the other five genomes, such as the ZNF family (ZNF100, ZNF101, ZNF14, CALML6, CCL4L2, ZIM2, HSPA6, etc); and 31 genes are identified explicitly in fish species, which are mainly involved in TGF-beta, Wnt, MAPK, Calcium signaling pathways, such as bmp16, bmpr2a, eif4e1c, wnt2ba, etc. Particularly, there are 20 zebrafish-specific genes (calm3a, si:dkey-25li10, drd1a, drd7, etc) and one medaka-specific gene (c-myc17) that may alter skeletogenesis formation in the corresponding species. The database provides the new systematic genomic insights into skeletal development from teleosts to mammals, which may help to explain some of the complexities of skeletal phenotypes among different vertebrates and provide a reference for the treatment of skeletal diseases as well as for applications in the aquaculture industry.
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Costantini A, Alm JJ, Tonelli F, Valta H, Huber C, Tran AN, Daponte V, Kirova N, Kwon YU, Bae JY, Chung WY, Tan S, Sznajer Y, Nishimura G, Näreoja T, Warren AJ, Cormier-Daire V, Kim OH, Forlino A, Cho TJ, Mäkitie O. Novel RPL13 Variants and Variable Clinical Expressivity in a Human Ribosomopathy With Spondyloepimetaphyseal Dysplasia. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:283-297. [PMID: 32916022 PMCID: PMC7988564 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasias (SEMDs) are a heterogeneous group of disorders with variable growth failure and skeletal impairments affecting the spine and long bone epiphyses and metaphyses. Here we report on four unrelated families with SEMD in which we identified two monoallelic missense variants and one monoallelic splice site variant in RPL13, encoding the ribosomal protein eL13. In two out of four families, we observed autosomal dominant inheritance with incomplete penetrance and variable clinical expressivity; the phenotypes of the mutation-positive subjects ranged from normal height with or without hip dysplasia to severe SEMD with severe short stature and marked skeletal dysplasia. In vitro studies on patient-derived dermal fibroblasts harboring RPL13 missense mutations demonstrated normal eL13 expression, with proper subcellular localization but reduced colocalization with eL28 (p < 0.001). Cellular functional defects in fibroblasts from mutation-positive subjects indicated a significant increase in the ratio of 60S subunits to 80S ribosomes (p = 0.007) and attenuated global translation (p = 0.017). In line with the human phenotype, our rpl13 mutant zebrafish model, generated by CRISPR-Cas9 editing, showed cartilage deformities at embryonic and juvenile stages. These findings extend the genetic spectrum of RPL13 mutations causing this novel human ribosomopathy with variable skeletal features. Our study underscores for the first time incomplete penetrance and broad phenotypic variability in SEMD-RPL13 type and confirms impaired ribosomal function. Furthermore, the newly generated rpl13 mutant zebrafish model corroborates the role of eL13 in skeletogenesis. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR)..
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Costantini
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jessica J Alm
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francesca Tonelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Helena Valta
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Céline Huber
- Department of Clinical Genetics, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Necker Enfans Malades Hospital (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Anh N Tran
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Valentina Daponte
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Nadi Kirova
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yong-Uk Kwon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Jung Yun Bae
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Yeong Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Busan Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Shengjiang Tan
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Keith Peters Building, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yves Sznajer
- Centre de Génétique Humaine - CGH, Cliniques Universitaires St. Luc, UCL, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Gen Nishimura
- Center for Intractable Diseases, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tuomas Näreoja
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Alan J Warren
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Keith Peters Building, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Valérie Cormier-Daire
- Department of Clinical Genetics, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Necker Enfans Malades Hospital (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Ok-Hwa Kim
- Department of Radiology, I-Bone Hospital, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Antonella Forlino
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Tae-Joon Cho
- Division of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Outi Mäkitie
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, and Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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34
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Atukorala ADS, Ratnayake RK. Cellular and molecular mechanisms in the development of a cleft lip and/or cleft palate; insights from zebrafish (Danio rerio). Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2020; 304:1650-1660. [PMID: 33099891 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Human cleft lip and/or palate (CLP) are immediately recognizable congenital abnormalities of the face. Lip and palate develop from facial primordia through the coordinated activities of ectodermal epithelium and neural crest cells (NCCs) derived from ectomesenchyme tissue. Subtle changes in the regulatory mechanisms of NCC or ectodermal epithelial cells can result in CLP. Genetic and environmental contributions or a combination of both play a significant role in the progression of CLP. Model organisms provide us with a wealth of information in understanding the pathophysiology and genetic etiology of this complex disease. Small teleost, zebrafish (Danio rerio) is one of the popular model in craniofacial developmental biology. The short generation time and large number of optically transparent, easily manipulated embryos increase the value of zebrafish to identify novel candidate genes and gene regulatory networks underlying craniofacial development. In addition, it is widely used to identify the mechanisms of environmental teratogens and in therapeutic drug screening. Here, we discuss the value of zebrafish as a model to understand epithelial and NCC induced ectomesenchymal cell activities during early palate morphogenesis and robustness of the zebrafish in modern research on identifying the genetic and environmental etiological factors of CLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atukorallaya Devi Sewvandini Atukorala
- Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Oral Biology, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Ravindra Kumar Ratnayake
- Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Oral Biology, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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35
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Samuels BD, Aho R, Brinkley JF, Bugacov A, Feingold E, Fisher S, Gonzalez-Reiche AS, Hacia JG, Hallgrimsson B, Hansen K, Harris MP, Ho TV, Holmes G, Hooper JE, Jabs EW, Jones KL, Kesselman C, Klein OD, Leslie EJ, Li H, Liao EC, Long H, Lu N, Maas RL, Marazita ML, Mohammed J, Prescott S, Schuler R, Selleri L, Spritz RA, Swigut T, van Bakel H, Visel A, Welsh I, Williams C, Williams TJ, Wysocka J, Yuan Y, Chai Y. FaceBase 3: analytical tools and FAIR resources for craniofacial and dental research. Development 2020; 147:dev191213. [PMID: 32958507 PMCID: PMC7522026 DOI: 10.1242/dev.191213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The FaceBase Consortium was established by the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research in 2009 as a 'big data' resource for the craniofacial research community. Over the past decade, researchers have deposited hundreds of annotated and curated datasets on both normal and disordered craniofacial development in FaceBase, all freely available to the research community on the FaceBase Hub website. The Hub has developed numerous visualization and analysis tools designed to promote integration of multidisciplinary data while remaining dedicated to the FAIR principles of data management (findability, accessibility, interoperability and reusability) and providing a faceted search infrastructure for locating desired data efficiently. Summaries of the datasets generated by the FaceBase projects from 2014 to 2019 are provided here. FaceBase 3 now welcomes contributions of data on craniofacial and dental development in humans, model organisms and cell lines. Collectively, the FaceBase Consortium, along with other NIH-supported data resources, provide a continuously growing, dynamic and current resource for the scientific community while improving data reproducibility and fulfilling data sharing requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget D Samuels
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Robert Aho
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, Departments of Orofacial Sciences and of Anatomy, Institute of Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - James F Brinkley
- Structural Informatics Group, Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Alejandro Bugacov
- Information Sciences Institute, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA 90292, USA
| | - Eleanor Feingold
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Shannon Fisher
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Ana S Gonzalez-Reiche
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Joseph G Hacia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Benedikt Hallgrimsson
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, and McCaig Bone and Joint Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Karissa Hansen
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, Departments of Orofacial Sciences and of Anatomy, Institute of Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Matthew P Harris
- Department of Orthopedic Research, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Thach-Vu Ho
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Greg Holmes
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Joan E Hooper
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Ethylin Wang Jabs
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Kenneth L Jones
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Carl Kesselman
- Information Sciences Institute, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA 90292, USA
| | - Ophir D Klein
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, Departments of Orofacial Sciences and Pediatrics, Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | | | - Hong Li
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Eric C Liao
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Hannah Long
- Departments of Chemical and Systems Biology and of Developmental Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Na Lu
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Richard L Maas
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mary L Marazita
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
- Clinical and Translational Science, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Jaaved Mohammed
- Departments of Chemical and Systems Biology and of Developmental Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sara Prescott
- Departments of Chemical and Systems Biology and of Developmental Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Robert Schuler
- Information Sciences Institute, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA 90292, USA
| | - Licia Selleri
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, Departments of Orofacial Sciences and of Anatomy, Institute of Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Richard A Spritz
- Human Medical Genetics and Genomics Program, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Tomek Swigut
- Departments of Chemical and Systems Biology and of Developmental Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Harm van Bakel
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Axel Visel
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Ian Welsh
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, Departments of Orofacial Sciences and of Anatomy, Institute of Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Cristina Williams
- Information Sciences Institute, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA 90292, USA
| | - Trevor J Williams
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Joanna Wysocka
- Departments of Chemical and Systems Biology and of Developmental Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Yang Chai
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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36
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Investigation of alpl expression and Tnap-activity in zebrafish implies conserved functions during skeletal and neuronal development. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13321. [PMID: 32770041 PMCID: PMC7414108 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70152-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is a rare genetic disease with diverse symptoms and a heterogeneous severity of onset with underlying mutations in the ALPL gene encoding the ectoenzyme Tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP). Considering the establishment of zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a new model organism for HPP, the aim of the study was the spatial and temporal analysis of alpl expression in embryos and adult brains. Additionally, we determined functional consequences of Tnap inhibition on neural and skeletal development in zebrafish. We show that expression of alpl is present during embryonic stages and in adult neuronal tissues. Analyses of enzyme function reveal zones of pronounced Tnap-activity within the telencephalon and the mesencephalon. Treatment of zebrafish embryos with chemical Tnap inhibitors followed by axonal and cartilage/mineralized tissue staining imply functional consequences of Tnap deficiency on neuronal and skeletal development. Based on the results from neuronal and skeletal tissue analyses, which demonstrate an evolutionary conserved role of this enzyme, we consider zebrafish as a promising species for modeling HPP in order to discover new potential therapy strategies in the long-term.
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37
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Vieira LR, Hissa DC, de Souza TM, Sá CA, Evaristo JAM, Nogueira FCS, Carvalho AFU, Farias DF. Proteomics analysis of zebrafish larvae exposed to 3,4-dichloroaniline using the fish embryo acute toxicity test. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2020; 35:849-860. [PMID: 32170993 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a small teleost fish that is becoming increasingly popular in laboratories worldwide and several attributes have also placed the zebrafish under the spotlight of (eco)toxicological studies. Since the 1990s, international organizations such as ISO and OECD have published guidelines for the use of zebrafish in ecotoxicological assessment of environmental toxicants such as the Fish Embryo Acute Toxicity (FET) test, OECD n° 236 guideline. This protocol uses 3,4-dichloroaniline (DCA), an aniline pesticide whose toxicity to fish species at early life stages is well known, as a positive control. Despite its use, little is known about its molecular mechanisms, especially in the context of the FET test. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate such changes in zebrafish larvae exposed to DCA (4 mg/L) for 96 hours using gel-free proteomics. Twenty-four proteins detected in both groups were identified as significantly affected by DCA exposure, and, when considering group-specific entities, 48 proteins were exclusive to DCA (group-specific proteins) while 248 were only detected in the control group. Proteins modulated by DCA treatment were found to be involved in metabolic processes, especially lipids and hormone metabolism (eg, Apoa1 and Apoa1b and vitelogenins), as well as proteins important for developmental processes and organogenesis (eg, Myhc4, Acta2, Sncb, and Marcksb). The results presented here may therefore provide a better understanding of the relationships between molecular changes and phenotype in zebrafish larvae treated with DCA, the reference compound of the FET test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo R Vieira
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Denise C Hissa
- Department of Biology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Terezinha Maria de Souza
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Oncology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Chayenne A Sá
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Joseph A M Evaristo
- Laboratory of Proteomics, LADETEC, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fábio C S Nogueira
- Laboratory of Proteomics, LADETEC, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Proteomics Unit, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana F U Carvalho
- Department of Biology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Davi F Farias
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
- Department of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
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38
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Cotti S, Huysseune A, Koppe W, Rücklin M, Marone F, Wölfel EM, Fiedler IAK, Busse B, Forlino A, Witten PE. More Bone with Less Minerals? The Effects of Dietary Phosphorus on the Post-Cranial Skeleton in Zebrafish. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155429. [PMID: 32751494 PMCID: PMC7432380 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary phosphorus (P) is essential for bone mineralisation in vertebrates. P deficiency can cause growth retardation, osteomalacia and bone deformities, both in teleosts and in mammals. Conversely, excess P supply can trigger soft tissue calcification and bone hypermineralisation. This study uses a wide range of complementary techniques (X-rays, histology, TEM, synchrotron X-ray tomographic microscopy, nanoindentation) to describe in detail the effects of dietary P on the zebrafish skeleton, after two months of administering three different diets: 0.5% (low P, LP), 1.0% (regular P, RP), and 1.5% (high P, HP) total P content. LP zebrafish display growth retardation and hypomineralised bones, albeit without deformities. LP zebrafish increase production of non-mineralised bone matrix, and osteoblasts have enlarged endoplasmic reticulum cisternae, indicative for increased collagen synthesis. The HP diet promotes growth, high mineralisation, and stiffness but causes vertebral centra fusions. Structure and arrangement of bone matrix collagen fibres are not influenced by dietary P in all three groups. In conclusion, low dietary P content stimulates the formation of non-mineralised bone without inducing malformations. This indicates that bone formation and mineralisation are uncoupled. In contrast, high dietary P content promotes mineralisation and vertebral body fusions. This new zebrafish model is a useful tool to understand the mechanisms underlying osteomalacia and abnormal mineralisation, due to underlying variations in dietary P levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Cotti
- Evolutionary Developmental Biology Group, Department of Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (S.C.); (A.H.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Ann Huysseune
- Evolutionary Developmental Biology Group, Department of Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (S.C.); (A.H.)
| | | | - Martin Rücklin
- Department of Vertebrate Evolution, Development and Ecology, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, 2333 Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Federica Marone
- X-ray Tomography Group, Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland;
| | - Eva M. Wölfel
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 22529 Hamburg, Germany; (E.M.W.); (I.A.K.F.); (B.B.)
| | - Imke A. K. Fiedler
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 22529 Hamburg, Germany; (E.M.W.); (I.A.K.F.); (B.B.)
| | - Björn Busse
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 22529 Hamburg, Germany; (E.M.W.); (I.A.K.F.); (B.B.)
| | - Antonella Forlino
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - P. Eckhard Witten
- Evolutionary Developmental Biology Group, Department of Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (S.C.); (A.H.)
- Correspondence:
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Cxcl9l and Cxcr3.2 regulate recruitment of osteoclast progenitors to bone matrix in a medaka osteoporosis model. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:19276-19286. [PMID: 32719141 PMCID: PMC7431079 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2006093117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone remodeling requires a balanced interplay of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. While the intercellular signaling that triggers bone cell differentiation is well understood, it remains unclear how bone progenitor cells are recruited to remodeling sites. Various chemokines are upregulated under osteoporotic conditions. However, whether they are involved in progenitor recruitment or instead have inflammatory roles is unknown. Here we used a medaka fish osteoporosis model to identify the chemokine ligand Cxcl9l and receptor Cxcr3.2 as essential to control osteoclast progenitor recruitment and differentiation at bone resorption sites. Cxcr3.2 activity can be blocked by small-molecule inhibitors that protect bone from osteoporotic insult. Our study demonstrates the potential of fish for osteoporosis drug discovery and opens avenues for future osteoporosis therapy. Bone homeostasis requires continuous remodeling of bone matrix to maintain structural integrity. This involves extensive communication between bone-forming osteoblasts and bone-resorbing osteoclasts to orchestrate balanced progenitor cell recruitment and activation. Only a few mediators controlling progenitor activation are known to date and have been targeted for intervention of bone disorders such as osteoporosis. To identify druggable pathways, we generated a medaka (Oryzias latipes) osteoporosis model, where inducible expression of receptor-activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (Rankl) leads to ectopic formation of osteoclasts and excessive bone resorption, which can be assessed by live imaging. Here we show that upon Rankl induction, osteoblast progenitors up-regulate expression of the chemokine ligand Cxcl9l. Ectopic expression of Cxcl9l recruits mpeg1-positive macrophages to bone matrix and triggers their differentiation into osteoclasts. We also demonstrate that the chemokine receptor Cxcr3.2 is expressed in a distinct subset of macrophages in the aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM). Live imaging revealed that upon Rankl induction, Cxcr3.2-positive macrophages get activated, migrate to bone matrix, and differentiate into osteoclasts. Importantly, mutations in cxcr3.2 prevent macrophage recruitment and osteoclast differentiation. Furthermore, Cxcr3.2 inhibition by the chemical antagonists AMG487 and NBI-74330 also reduced osteoclast recruitment and protected bone integrity against osteoporotic insult. Our data identify a mechanism for progenitor recruitment to bone resorption sites and Cxcl9l and Cxcr3.2 as potential druggable regulators of bone homeostasis and osteoporosis.
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40
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Multiple epithelia are required to develop teeth deep inside the pharynx. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:11503-11512. [PMID: 32398375 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2000279117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
To explain the evolutionary origin of vertebrate teeth from odontodes, it has been proposed that competent epithelium spread into the oropharyngeal cavity via the mouth and other possible channels such as the gill slits [Huysseune et al., 2009, J. Anat. 214, 465-476]. Whether tooth formation deep inside the pharynx in extant vertebrates continues to require external epithelia has not been addressed so far. Using zebrafish we have previously demonstrated that cells derived from the periderm penetrate the oropharyngeal cavity via the mouth and via the endodermal pouches and connect to periderm-like cells that subsequently cover the entire endoderm-derived pharyngeal epithelium [Rosa et al., 2019, Sci. Rep. 9, 10082]. We now provide conclusive evidence that the epithelial component of pharyngeal teeth in zebrafish (the enamel organ) is derived from medial endoderm, as hitherto assumed based on position deep in the pharynx. Yet, dental morphogenesis starts only after the corresponding endodermal pouch (pouch 6) has made contact with the skin ectoderm, and only after periderm-like cells have covered the prospective tooth-forming endodermal epithelium. Manipulation of signaling pathways shown to adversely affect tooth development indicates they act downstream of these events. We demonstrate that pouch-ectoderm contact and the presence of a periderm-like layer are both required, but not sufficient, for tooth initiation in the pharynx. We conclude that the earliest interactions to generate pharyngeal teeth encompass those between different epithelial populations (skin ectoderm, endoderm, and periderm-like cells in zebrafish), in addition to the epithelial-mesenchymal interactions that govern the formation of all vertebrate teeth.
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Zhang T, Peterson RT. Modeling Lysosomal Storage Diseases in the Zebrafish. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:82. [PMID: 32435656 PMCID: PMC7218095 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) are a family of 70 metabolic disorders characterized by mutations in lysosomal proteins that lead to storage material accumulation, multiple-organ pathologies that often involve neurodegeneration, and early mortality in a significant number of patients. Along with the necessity for more effective therapies, there exists an unmet need for further understanding of disease etiology, which could uncover novel pathways and drug targets. Over the past few decades, the growth in knowledge of disease-associated pathways has been facilitated by studies in model organisms, as advancements in mutagenesis techniques markedly improved the efficiency of model generation in mammalian and non-mammalian systems. In this review we highlight non-mammalian models of LSDs, focusing specifically on the zebrafish, a vertebrate model organism that shares remarkable genetic and metabolic similarities with mammals while also conferring unique advantages such as optical transparency and amenability toward high-throughput applications. We examine published zebrafish LSD models and their reported phenotypes, address organism-specific advantages and limitations, and discuss recent technological innovations that could provide potential solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - R T Peterson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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Jeong CB, Kang HM, Hong SA, Byeon E, Lee JS, Lee YH, Choi IY, Bae S, Lee JS. Generation of albino via SLC45a2 gene targeting by CRISPR/Cas9 in the marine medaka Oryzias melastigma. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 154:111038. [PMID: 32174491 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
To produce albinism in the marine medaka Oryzias melastigma, we disrupted the solute carrier family 45 (SLC45a2) gene by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 with a single guide RNA (sgRNA). Selected sgRNAs were able to target a SLC45a2 gene as confirmed by genotyping and heteroduplex mobility assay (HMA). Of the survived embryos after injection, 54.2% and 60.0% embryos exhibited albinism phenotype by sgRNA1 and sgRNA2, respectively. Deep sequencing at the on-target sites showed different insertion and deletion (indel) mutation profiles near the DNA cleavage sites, indicating high efficacy of producing SLC45a2 knock-out mutants by this method. Moreover, HMA at the potential off-target sites revealed that off-target activity would be induced at a low rate, or not induced at all. This albino marine medaka will be a good model for marine molecular ecotoxicology in establishment of diverse in vivo endpoints, and the application of this efficient gene targeting method in the marine medaka would be useful tool for mechanistic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Bum Jeong
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea; Department of Marine Science, College of Nature Science, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, South Korea
| | - Hye-Min Kang
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Sung-Ah Hong
- Department of Chemistry, College of Nature Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea
| | - Eunjin Byeon
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Jin-Sol Lee
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Young Hwan Lee
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Ik-Young Choi
- Department of Agriculture and Life Industry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea
| | - Sangsu Bae
- Department of Chemistry, College of Nature Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
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43
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Kobayashi-Sun J, Yamamori S, Kondo M, Kuroda J, Ikegame M, Suzuki N, Kitamura KI, Hattori A, Yamaguchi M, Kobayashi I. Uptake of osteoblast-derived extracellular vesicles promotes the differentiation of osteoclasts in the zebrafish scale. Commun Biol 2020; 3:190. [PMID: 32327701 PMCID: PMC7181839 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-0925-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Differentiation of osteoclasts (OCs) from hematopoietic cells requires cellular interaction with osteoblasts (OBs). Due to the difficulty of live-imaging in the bone, however, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying intercellular communication involved in OC differentiation are still elusive. Here, we develop a fracture healing model using the scale of trap:GFP; osterix:mCherry transgenic zebrafish to visualize the interaction between OCs and OBs. Transplantation assays followed by flow cytometric analysis reveal that most trap:GFPhigh OCs in the fractured scale are detected in the osterix:mCherry+ fraction because of uptake of OB-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs). In vivo live-imaging shows that immature OCs actively interact with osterix:mCherry+ OBs and engulf EVs prior to convergence at the fracture site. In vitro cell culture assays show that OB-derived EVs promote OC differentiation via Rankl signaling. Collectively, these data suggest that EV-mediated intercellular communication with OBs plays an important role in the differentiation of OCs in bone tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Kobayashi-Sun
- Division of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Shiori Yamamori
- Division of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Mao Kondo
- Division of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Junpei Kuroda
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mika Ikegame
- Department of Oral Morphology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan
| | - Nobuo Suzuki
- Noto Marine Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Division of Marine Environmental Studies, Kanazawa University, Noto-cho, Ishikawa, 927-0553, Japan
| | - Kei-Ichiro Kitamura
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-0942, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Hattori
- Department of Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Ichikawa, Chiba, 272-0827, Japan
| | - Masaaki Yamaguchi
- Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Isao Kobayashi
- Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan.
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Abstract
Sarcopenia – the accelerated age-related loss of muscle mass and function – is an under-diagnosed condition, and is central to deteriorating mobility, disability and frailty in older age. There is a lack of treatment options for older adults at risk of sarcopenia. Although sarcopenia's pathogenesis is multifactorial, its major phenotypes – muscle mass and muscle strength – are highly heritable. Several genome-wide association studies of muscle-related traits were published recently, providing dozens of candidate genes, many with unknown function. Therefore, animal models are required not only to identify causal mechanisms, but also to clarify the underlying biology and translate this knowledge into new interventions. Over the past several decades, small teleost fishes had emerged as powerful systems for modeling the genetics of human diseases. Owing to their amenability to rapid genetic intervention and the large number of conserved genetic and physiological features, small teleosts – such as zebrafish, medaka and killifish – have become indispensable for skeletal muscle genomic studies. The goal of this Review is to summarize evidence supporting the utility of small fish models for accelerating our understanding of human skeletal muscle in health and disease. We do this by providing a basic foundation of the (zebra)fish skeletal muscle morphology and physiology, and evidence of muscle-related gene homology. We also outline challenges in interpreting zebrafish mutant phenotypes and in translating them to human disease. Finally, we conclude with recommendations on future directions to leverage the large body of tools developed in small fish for the needs of genomic exploration in sarcopenia. Summary: Zebrafish and other small fish have become powerful disease models. Here, we summarize the evidence for the utility of small teleost models for genetic research in sarcopenia – the age-related loss of muscle mass and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alon Daya
- The Faculty of Marine Sciences, Ruppin Academic Center, Michmoret 40297, Israel
| | - Rajashekar Donaka
- The Musculoskeletal Genetics Laboratory, The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 130010, Israel
| | - David Karasik
- The Musculoskeletal Genetics Laboratory, The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 130010, Israel .,Hebrew SeniorLife, Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Boston, MA 02131, USA
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Pang L, Zhang Z, Shen Y, Cheng Z, Gao X, Zhang B, Wang X, Tian H. Mutant dlx3b disturbs normal tooth mineralization and bone formation in zebrafish. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8515. [PMID: 32117623 PMCID: PMC7035872 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tricho-dento-osseous (TDO) syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by anomalies in hair, teeth and bone (OMIM190320). Various mutations of Distal-Less 3 (DLX3) gene are found to be responsible for human TDO. The aim of this study was to investigate effects of DLX3 on tooth and bone development using a zebrafish model. Methods The dlx3b mutant zebrafish lines were established using the gene targeting tool transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN). Micro-computed tomography was used to render the three-dimensional skeletal structures of mutant fishes. The pharyngeal bone along with connected teeth was isolated and stained by Alizarine Red S, then observed under stereomicroscope. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) were used to examine the tooth surface morphology and mineral composition. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to analyze gene expression. Results A moderate curvature of the spine toward the dorsal side was found at the early larval stages, appearing in 86 out of 100 larvae in dlx3b-/- group as compared to 3 out of 99 in the dlx3b+/+ group. At the adult stage, three of the thirty dlx3b-/- homozygotes exhibited prominent abnormal curvature in the spine. SEM revealed morphological surface changes in pharyngeal teeth enameloid, accompanied by a decrease in the mineral content detected by EDS. Furthermore, specific secretory calcium-binding phosphoprotein (SCPP) genes, including odam, scpp9, spp1, scpp1, and scpp5 were significantly downregulated in dlx3b mutants. Conclusion The findings of this study suggest that dlx3b is critical for enamel mineralization and bone formation in zebrafish. Moreover, the discovery of the downregulation of SCPP genes in dlx3b mutants sheds new light on the molecular mechanisms underlying TDO syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Pang
- Department of Cariology and Endodontology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zhichun Zhang
- Department of Cariology and Endodontology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yan Shen
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Peking Universiy, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zhenchao Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Peking Universiy, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xuejun Gao
- Department of Cariology and Endodontology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Peking Universiy, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Cariology and Endodontology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Hua Tian
- Department of Cariology and Endodontology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, PR China
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Tonelli F, Bek JW, Besio R, De Clercq A, Leoni L, Salmon P, Coucke PJ, Willaert A, Forlino A. Zebrafish: A Resourceful Vertebrate Model to Investigate Skeletal Disorders. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:489. [PMID: 32849280 PMCID: PMC7416647 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal models are essential tools for addressing fundamental scientific questions about skeletal diseases and for the development of new therapeutic approaches. Traditionally, mice have been the most common model organism in biomedical research, but their use is hampered by several limitations including complex generation, demanding investigation of early developmental stages, regulatory restrictions on breeding, and high maintenance cost. The zebrafish has been used as an efficient alternative vertebrate model for the study of human skeletal diseases, thanks to its easy genetic manipulation, high fecundity, external fertilization, transparency of rapidly developing embryos, and low maintenance cost. Furthermore, zebrafish share similar skeletal cells and ossification types with mammals. In the last decades, the use of both forward and new reverse genetics techniques has resulted in the generation of many mutant lines carrying skeletal phenotypes associated with human diseases. In addition, transgenic lines expressing fluorescent proteins under bone cell- or pathway- specific promoters enable in vivo imaging of differentiation and signaling at the cellular level. Despite the small size of the zebrafish, many traditional techniques for skeletal phenotyping, such as x-ray and microCT imaging and histological approaches, can be applied using the appropriate equipment and custom protocols. The ability of adult zebrafish to remodel skeletal tissues can be exploited as a unique tool to investigate bone formation and repair. Finally, the permeability of embryos to chemicals dissolved in water, together with the availability of large numbers of small-sized animals makes zebrafish a perfect model for high-throughput bone anabolic drug screening. This review aims to discuss the techniques that make zebrafish a powerful model to investigate the molecular and physiological basis of skeletal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Tonelli
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Jan Willem Bek
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Center of Medical Genetics, Ghent University-University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Roberta Besio
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Adelbert De Clercq
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Center of Medical Genetics, Ghent University-University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Laura Leoni
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Paul J. Coucke
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Center of Medical Genetics, Ghent University-University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andy Willaert
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Center of Medical Genetics, Ghent University-University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Antonella Forlino
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- *Correspondence: Antonella Forlino
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Newham E, Kague E, Aggleton JA, Fernee C, Brown KR, Hammond CL. Finite element and deformation analyses predict pattern of bone failure in loaded zebrafish spines. J R Soc Interface 2019; 16:20190430. [PMID: 31690186 PMCID: PMC6893493 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2019.0430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The spine is the central skeletal support structure in vertebrates consisting of repeated units of bone, the vertebrae, separated by intervertebral discs (IVDs) that enable the movement of the spine. Spinal pathologies such as idiopathic back pain, vertebral compression fractures and IVD failure affect millions of people worldwide. Animal models can help us to understand the disease process, and zebrafish are increasingly used as they are highly genetically tractable, their spines are axially loaded like humans, and they show similar pathologies to humans during ageing. However, biomechanical models for the zebrafish are largely lacking. Here, we describe the results of loading intact zebrafish spinal motion segments on a material testing stage within a micro-computed tomography machine. We show that vertebrae and their arches show predictable patterns of deformation prior to their ultimate failure, in a pattern dependent on their position within the segment. We further show using geometric morphometrics which regions of the vertebra deform the most during loading, and that finite-element models of the trunk subjected reflect the real patterns of deformation and strain seen during loading and can therefore be used as a predictive model for biomechanical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elis Newham
- School of Arts, Woodland Road, Bristol, UK.,The School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | | | - Jessye A Aggleton
- School of Arts, Woodland Road, Bristol, UK.,The School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | | | | | - Chrissy L Hammond
- The School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
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Lleras-Forero L, Winkler C, Schulte-Merker S. Zebrafish and medaka as models for biomedical research of bone diseases. Dev Biol 2019; 457:191-205. [PMID: 31325453 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2019.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The identification of disease-causing mutations has in recent years progressed immensely due to whole genome sequencing approaches using patient material. The task accordingly is shifting from gene identification to functional analysis of putative disease-causing genes, preferably in an in vivo setting which also allows testing of drug candidates or biotherapeutics in whole animal disease models. In this review, we highlight the advances made in the field of bone diseases using small laboratory fish, focusing on zebrafish and medaka. We particularly highlight those human conditions where teleost models are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lleras-Forero
- Institute for Cardiovascular Organogenesis and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, WWU Münster, Mendelstrasse 7, 48149 Münster, Germany; CiM Cluster of Excellence (EXC-1003-CiM), Münster, Germany.
| | - C Winkler
- Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for Bioimaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 04, 117558 Singapore
| | - S Schulte-Merker
- Institute for Cardiovascular Organogenesis and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, WWU Münster, Mendelstrasse 7, 48149 Münster, Germany; CiM Cluster of Excellence (EXC-1003-CiM), Münster, Germany.
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49
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Fujisawa K, Takami T, Nagatomo T, Fukui Y, Hoshida H, Saeki I, Matsumoto T, Hidaka I, Yamamoto N, Sakaida I. Usefulness of adult medaka fish as a model for the evaluation of alcoholic fatty liver. Alcohol 2019; 77:147-154. [PMID: 30660600 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol has long been acknowledged to be one of the main causes of hepatic disorders. In recent years, with the advancements in antiviral therapies, the relative proportion that alcoholic liver disease contributes among liver diseases has increased, necessitating the establishment of a useful model for the elucidation of the mechanism of its development. In this study, we developed a model of alcoholic liver disease using medaka, a small-sized fish known for its usefulness as a model organism. After rearing medaka in water containing ethanol for 2 months, fat deposition was observed in their livers. In addition, on the basis of the metabolomic analysis of the liver to evaluate metabolic changes resulting from ethanol administration, the increases in ethanol metabolites and changes in lipid metabolism were assessed. As minimally invasive evaluation methods, transparent medaka enabled the macroscopic evaluation of the progression of alcoholic fatty liver, while ultrasonography enabled the quantification of the fatty deposition of the liver. Furthermore, intestinal microbiota, the composition of which is important for the development of alcoholic liver disease, was evaluated. Microbiota changes similar to those of humans with alcoholic liver disease were observed. This study demonstrates that the development of liver disease and its amelioration through drugs can be easily evaluated using the present model or modifications thereof. Thus, this study is expected to be useful in the elucidation of liver disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Fujisawa
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Minami Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Taro Takami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Nagatomo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Yumi Fukui
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Hisashi Hoshida
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Tokiwadai 2-16-1, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8611, Japan
| | - Issei Saeki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Matsumoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Isao Hidaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Naoki Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Isao Sakaida
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Minami Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
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50
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Oralová V, Rosa JT, Soenens M, Bek JW, Willaert A, Witten PE, Huysseune A. Beyond the whole-mount phenotype: high-resolution imaging in fluorescence-based applications on zebrafish. Biol Open 2019; 8:8/5/bio042374. [PMID: 31126903 PMCID: PMC6550072 DOI: 10.1242/bio.042374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish is now widely used in biomedical research as a model for human diseases, but the relevance of the model depends on a rigorous analysis of the phenotypes obtained. Many zebrafish disease models, experimental techniques and manipulations take advantage of fluorescent reporter molecules. However, phenotypic analysis often does not go beyond establishing overall distribution patterns of the fluorophore in whole-mount embryos or using vibratome or paraffin sections with poor preservation of tissue architecture and limited resolution. Obtaining high-resolution data of fluorescent signals at the cellular level from internal structures mostly depends on the availability of expensive imaging technology. Here, we propose a new and easily applicable protocol for embedding and sectioning of zebrafish embryos using in-house prepared glycol methacrylate (GMA) plastic that is suited for preservation of fluorescent signals (including photoactivatable fluorophores) without the need for antibodies. Four main approaches are described, all involving imaging fluorescent signals on semithin (3 µm or less) sections. These include sectioning transgenic animals, whole-mount immunostained embryos, cell tracking, as well as on-section enzyme histochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Oralová
- Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Biology Department, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.,Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 602 00 Brno2, Czech Republic
| | - Joana T Rosa
- Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Biology Department, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.,Center of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Mieke Soenens
- Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Biology Department, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Willem Bek
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andy Willaert
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Paul Eckhard Witten
- Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Biology Department, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ann Huysseune
- Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Biology Department, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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