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Du W, Yang J, Li Q, Jiang W, Pang Y. Medicago truncatula β-glucosidase 17 contributes to drought and salt tolerance through antioxidant flavonoid accumulation. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024. [PMID: 38679945 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Flavonoids are usually present in forms of glucosides in plants, which could be catabolized by β-glucosidase (BGLU) to form their corresponding flavonoid aglycones. In this study, we isolated three abiotic-responsive BGLU genes (MtBGLU17, MtBGLU21 and MtBGLU22) from Medicago truncatula, and found only the recombinant MtBGLU17 protein could catalyse the hydrolysis of flavonoid glycosides. The recombinant MtBGLU17 protein is active towards a variety of flavonoid glucosides, including glucosides of flavones (apigenin and luteolin), flavonols (kaempferol and quercetin), isoflavones (genistein and daidzein) and flavanone (naringenin). In particular, the recombinant MtBGLU17 protein preferentially hydrolyses flavonoid-7-O-glucosides over their corresponding 3-O-glucosides. The content of luteoin-7-O-glucoside was reduced in the MtBGLU17 overexpression plants but increased in the Tnt-1 insertional mutant lines, whereas luteoin content was increased in the MtBGLU17 overexpression plants but reduced in the Tnt-1 insertional mutant lines. Under drought and salt (NaCl) treatment, the MtBGLU17 overexpression lines showed relatively higher DPPH content, and higher CAT and SOD activity than the wild type control. These results indicated that overexpression lines of MtBGLU17 possess higher antioxidant activity and thus confer drought and salt tolerance, implying MtBGLU17 could be potentially used as a candidate gene to improve plant abiotic stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxuan Du
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junfeng Yang
- Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Qian Li
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenbo Jiang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongzhen Pang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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2
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Cui C, Wan H, Li Z, Ai N, Zhou B. Long noncoding RNA TRABA suppresses β-glucosidase-encoding BGLU24 to promote salt tolerance in cotton. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 194:1120-1138. [PMID: 37801620 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress severely damages the growth and yield of crops. Recently, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) were demonstrated to regulate various biological processes and responses to environmental stresses. However, the regulatory mechanisms of lncRNAs in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) response to salt stress are still poorly understood. Here, we observed that a lncRNA, trans acting of BGLU24 by lncRNA (TRABA), was highly expressed while GhBGLU24-A was weakly expressed in a salt-tolerant cotton accession (DM37) compared to a salt-sensitive accession (TM-1). Using TRABA as an effector and proGhBGLU24-A-driven GUS as a reporter, we showed that TRABA suppressed GhBGLU24-A promoter activity in double transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), which explained why GhBGLU24-A was weakly expressed in the salt-tolerant accession compared to the salt-sensitive accession. GhBGLU24-A encodes an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized β-glucosidase that responds to salt stress. Further investigation revealed that GhBGLU24-A interacted with RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligase (GhRUBL). Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) and transgenic Arabidopsis studies revealed that both GhBGLU24-A and GhRUBL diminish plant tolerance to salt stress and ER stress. Based on its substantial effect on ER-related degradation (ERAD)-associated gene expression, GhBGLU24-A mediates ER stress likely through the ERAD pathway. These findings provide insights into the regulatory role of the lncRNA TRABA in modulating salt and ER stresses in cotton and have potential implications for developing more resilient crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjiang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Cotton Germplasm Enhancement and Application Engineering Research Center (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production Co-sponsored by Province and Ministry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Cotton Germplasm Enhancement and Application Engineering Research Center (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production Co-sponsored by Province and Ministry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Cotton Germplasm Enhancement and Application Engineering Research Center (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production Co-sponsored by Province and Ministry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 Jiangsu, China
| | - Nijiang Ai
- Shihezi Agricultural Science Research Institute, Shihezi, 832000 Xinjiang, China
| | - Baoliang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Cotton Germplasm Enhancement and Application Engineering Research Center (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production Co-sponsored by Province and Ministry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 Jiangsu, China
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3
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Lacchini E, Erffelinck ML, Mertens J, Marcou S, Molina-Hidalgo FJ, Tzfadia O, Venegas-Molina J, Cárdenas PD, Pollier J, Tava A, Bak S, Höfte M, Goossens A. The saponin bomb: a nucleolar-localized β-glucosidase hydrolyzes triterpene saponins in Medicago truncatula. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 239:705-719. [PMID: 36683446 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plants often protect themselves from their own bioactive defense metabolites by storing them in less active forms. Consequently, plants also need systems allowing correct spatiotemporal reactivation of such metabolites, for instance under pathogen or herbivore attack. Via co-expression analysis with public transcriptomes, we determined that the model legume Medicago truncatula has evolved a two-component system composed of a β-glucosidase, denominated G1, and triterpene saponins, which are physically separated from each other in intact cells. G1 expression is root-specific, stress-inducible, and coregulated with that of the genes encoding the triterpene saponin biosynthetic enzymes. However, the G1 protein is stored in the nucleolus and is released and united with its typically vacuolar-stored substrates only upon tissue damage, partly mediated by the surfactant action of the saponins themselves. Subsequently, enzymatic removal of carbohydrate groups from the saponins creates a pool of metabolites with an increased broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. The evolution of this defense system benefited from both the intrinsic condensation abilities of the enzyme and the bioactivity properties of its substrates. We dub this two-component system the saponin bomb, in analogy with the mustard oil and cyanide bombs, commonly used to describe the renowned β-glucosidase-dependent defense systems for glucosinolates and cyanogenic glucosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elia Lacchini
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
| | - Marie-Laure Erffelinck
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
| | - Jan Mertens
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
| | - Shirley Marcou
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, B-9000, Belgium
| | - Francisco Javier Molina-Hidalgo
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
| | - Oren Tzfadia
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
| | - Jhon Venegas-Molina
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
| | - Pablo D Cárdenas
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, DK-1871, Denmark
| | - Jacob Pollier
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
| | - Aldo Tava
- CREA Research Centre for Animal Production and Aquaculture, Lodi, 26900, Italy
| | - Søren Bak
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, DK-1871, Denmark
| | - Monica Höfte
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, B-9000, Belgium
| | - Alain Goossens
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
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Yang M, Ma Y, Si X, Liu X, Geng X, Wen X, Li G, Zhang L, Yang C, Zhang Z. Analysis of the Glycoside Hydrolase Family 1 from Wild Jujube Reveals Genes Involved in the Degradation of Jujuboside A. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1135. [PMID: 37372316 DOI: 10.3390/genes14061135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Jujubosides are the major medicinal ingredients of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen (the seed of wild jujube). To date, a complete understanding of jujuboside's metabolic pathways has not been attained. This study has systematically identified 35 β-glucosidase genes belonging to the glycoside hydrolase family 1 (GH1) using bioinformatic methods based on the wild jujube genome. The conserved domains and motifs of the 35 putative β-glucosidases, along with the genome locations and exon-intron structures of 35 β-glucosidase genes were revealed. The potential functions of the putative proteins encoded by the 35 β-glucosidase genes are suggested based on their phylogenetic relationships with Arabidopsis homologs. Two wild jujube β-glucosidase genes were heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli, and the recombinant proteins were able to convert jujuboside A (JuA) into jujuboside B (JuB). Since it has been previously reported that JuA catabolites, including JuB and other rare jujubosides, may play crucial roles in the jujuboside's pharmacological activity, it is suggested that these two proteins can be used to enhance the utilization potential of jujubosides. This study provides new insight into the metabolism of jujubosides in wild jujube. Furthermore, the characterization of β-glucosidase genes is expected to facilitate investigations involving the cultivation and breeding of wild jujube.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjun Yang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Yimian Ma
- National Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xupeng Si
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Xin Geng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xin Wen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guoqiong Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Liping Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chengmin Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
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Jin X, Tsago Y, Lu Y, Sunusi M, Khan AU. Map-based cloning and transcriptome analysis of the more-tiller and small-grain mutant in rice. PLANTA 2022; 256:98. [PMID: 36222916 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-04011-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A G to T nucleotide substitution of OsTSG2 led to more tillers and smaller grains in rice by participating in phytohormone signal transduction and starch and sucrose metabolism. Rice is one of the most important food crops worldwide. Grain size and tiller number are the most important factors determining rice yield. The more-tiller and small-grain 2 (tsg2) mutant in rice, developed by ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis, has smaller grains, more tillers, and a higher yield per plant relative to the wild-type (WT). Based on the genetic analysis, the tsg2 traits were conferred by a single recessive nuclear gene located on the long arm of chromosome 2. After fine-mapping the OsTSG2 locus, a G to T nucleotide substitution was identified, which resulted in an A to S mutation in a highly conserved domain of the growth-regulation factor protein. The single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) marker was developed based on the SNP associated with the phenotypic segregation of traits. The functional complementation of OsTSG2 from the tsg2 mutant to the WT led to an increase in grain size and weight. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified by RNA sequencing were involved in phytohormone signal transduction and starch and sucrose metabolism. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analysis detected variation in the indole acetic acid (IAA) and jasmonic acid (JA) content in the tsg2 inflorescence, while the cellular organization, degree of chalkiness, gel consistency, amylose content, and alkaline spreading value were affected in the tsg2 grains. The findings elucidated the regulatory mechanisms of the tsg2 traits. This mutant could be used in marker-assisted breeding for high-yield and good-quality rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Jin
- Department of Agronomy, The Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yohannes Tsago
- Department of Agronomy, The Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Biology, Madda Walabu University, Bale Robe, Ethiopia
| | - Yingying Lu
- Department of Agronomy, The Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mustapha Sunusi
- Department of Agronomy, The Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Asad Ullah Khan
- Department of Agronomy, The Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
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6
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Shim SH, Mahong B, Lee SK, Kongdin M, Lee C, Kim YJ, Qu G, Zhang D, Ketudat Cairns JR, Jeon JS. Rice β-glucosidase Os12BGlu38 is required for synthesis of intine cell wall and pollen fertility. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:784-800. [PMID: 34570888 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Glycoside hydrolase family1 β-glucosidases play a variety of roles in plants, but their in planta functions are largely unknown in rice (Oryza sativa). In this study, the biological function of Os12BGlu38, a rice β-glucosidase, expressed in bicellular to mature pollen, was examined. Genotype analysis of progeny of the self-fertilized heterozygous Os12BGlu38 T-DNA mutant, os12bglu38-1, found no homozygotes and a 1:1 ratio of wild type to heterozygotes. Reciprocal cross analysis demonstrated that Os12BGlu38 deficiency cannot be inherited through the male gamete. In cytological analysis, the mature mutant pollen appeared shrunken and empty. Histochemical staining and TEM showed that mutant pollen lacked intine cell wall, which was rescued by introduction of wild-type Os12BGlu38 genomic DNA. Metabolite profiling analysis revealed that cutin monomers and waxes, the components of the pollen exine layer, were increased in anthers carrying pollen of os12bglu38-1 compared with wild type and complemented lines. Os12BGlu38 fused with green fluorescent protein was localized to the plasma membrane in rice and tobacco. Recombinant Os12BGlu38 exhibited β-glucosidase activity on the universal substrate p-nitrophenyl β-d-glucoside and some oligosaccharides and glycosides. These findings provide evidence that function of a plasma membrane-associated β-glucosidase is necessary for proper intine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Hyeon Shim
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Bancha Mahong
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Sang-Kyu Lee
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Manatchanok Kongdin
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, and Center for Biomolecular Structure, Function and Application, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Chanhui Lee
- Department of Plant and Environmental New Resources, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Kim
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Shanghai Jiao Tong University and University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Life Science and Environmental Biochemistry, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Guorun Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Shanghai Jiao Tong University and University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dabing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Shanghai Jiao Tong University and University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - James R Ketudat Cairns
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, and Center for Biomolecular Structure, Function and Application, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Jong-Seong Jeon
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
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7
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Horikoshi S, Saburi W, Yu J, Matsuura H, Cairns JRK, Yao M, Mori H. Substrate specificity of glycoside hydrolase family 1 β-glucosidase AtBGlu42 from Arabidopsis thaliana and its molecular mechanism. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 86:231-245. [PMID: 34965581 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbab200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Plants possess many glycoside hydrolase family 1 (GH1) β-glucosidases, which physiologically function in cell wall metabolism and activation of bioactive substances, but most remain uncharacterized. One GH1 isoenzyme AtBGlu42 in Arabidopsis thaliana has been identified to hydrolyze scopolin using the gene deficient plants, but no enzymatic properties were obtained. Its sequence similarity to another functionally characterized enzyme Os1BGlu4 in rice suggests that AtBGlu42 also acts on oligosaccharides. Here, we show that the recombinant AtBGlu42 possesses high kcat/Km not only on scopolin, but also on various β-glucosides, cellooligosaccharides, and laminarioligosaccharides. Of the cellooligosaccharides, cellotriose was the most preferred. The crystal structure, determined at 1.7 Å resolution, suggests that Arg342 gives unfavorable binding to cellooligosaccharides at subsite +3. The mutants R342Y and R342A showed the highest preference on cellotetraose or cellopentaose with increased affinities at subsite +3, indicating that the residues at this position have an important role for chain length specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Horikoshi
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Wataru Saburi
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Jian Yu
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Matsuura
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - James R Ketudat Cairns
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Min Yao
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Haruhide Mori
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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8
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Kongdin M, Mahong B, Lee SK, Shim SH, Jeon JS, Ketudat Cairns JR. Action of Multiple Rice β-Glucosidases on Abscisic Acid Glucose Ester. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7593. [PMID: 34299210 PMCID: PMC8303963 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjugation of phytohormones with glucose is a means of modulating their activities, which can be rapidly reversed by the action of β-glucosidases. Evaluation of previously characterized recombinant rice β-glucosidases found that nearly all could hydrolyze abscisic acid glucose ester (ABA-GE). Os4BGlu12 and Os4BGlu13, which are known to act on other phytohormones, had the highest activity. We expressed Os4BGlu12, Os4BGlu13 and other members of a highly similar rice chromosome 4 gene cluster (Os4BGlu9, Os4BGlu10 and Os4BGlu11) in transgenic Arabidopsis. Extracts of transgenic lines expressing each of the five genes had higher β-glucosidase activities on ABA-GE and gibberellin A4 glucose ester (GA4-GE). The β-glucosidase expression lines exhibited longer root and shoot lengths than control plants in response to salt and drought stress. Fusions of each of these proteins with green fluorescent protein localized near the plasma membrane and in the apoplast in tobacco leaf epithelial cells. The action of these extracellular β-glucosidases on multiple phytohormones suggests they may modulate the interactions between these phytohormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manatchanok Kongdin
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Center for Biomolecular Structure, Function and Application, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand;
| | - Bancha Mahong
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea; (B.M.); (S.-K.L.); (S.-H.S.)
| | - Sang-Kyu Lee
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea; (B.M.); (S.-K.L.); (S.-H.S.)
| | - Su-Hyeon Shim
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea; (B.M.); (S.-K.L.); (S.-H.S.)
| | - Jong-Seong Jeon
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea; (B.M.); (S.-K.L.); (S.-H.S.)
| | - James R. Ketudat Cairns
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Center for Biomolecular Structure, Function and Application, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand;
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9
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Yang J, Ma L, Jiang W, Yao Y, Tang Y, Pang Y. Comprehensive identification and characterization of abiotic stress and hormone responsive glycosyl hydrolase family 1 genes in Medicago truncatula. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 158:21-33. [PMID: 33291052 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
β-glucosidases (BGLUs) hydrolyze the β-D-glycosidic bond with retention of anomeric configuration. BGLUs were associated with many aspects of plant physiological processes, in particular biotic and abiotic stresses through the activation of phytohormones and defense compounds. However, studies on systematic analysis of the stress- or hormone-responsive BGLU genes in plant are still rare. In this study, total 51 BGLU genes of the glycoside hydrolase family 1 were identified in the genome of the model legume plant Medicago truncatula, and they were classified into five distinct clusters. Sequence alignments revealed several conserved and characteristic motifs among these MtBGLU proteins. Analyses of their putative signal peptides and N-glycosylation site suggested that the majority of MtBGLU members have dual targeting to the vacuole and/or chloroplast. Many regulatory elements possibly related with abiotic stresses and phytohormones were identified in MtBGLU genes. Moreover, Microarray and qPCR analyses showed that these MtBGLU genes exhibited distinct expression patterns in various tissues, and in response to different abiotic stress and hormonal treatments. Notably, MtBGLU21, MtBGLU22, MtBGLU28, and MtBGLU30 in cluster I were dramatically activated by NaCl, PEG, IAA, ABA, SA and GA3 treatments. Collectively, our genome-wide characterization, evolutionary analysis, and expression pattern analysis of MtBGLU genes suggested that BGLU genes play crucial roles in response to various abiotic stresses and hormonal cues in M. truncatula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China; Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wenbo Jiang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yu Yao
- The Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuhong Tang
- Noble Research Institute, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
| | - Yongzhen Pang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
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10
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Ren RJ, Wang P, Wang LN, Su JP, Sun LJ, Sun Y, Chen DF, Chen XW. Os4BGlu14, a monolignol β-Glucosidase, negatively affects seed longevity by influencing primary metabolism in rice. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 104:513-527. [PMID: 32833149 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-020-01056-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Os4BGlu14, a monolignol β-glucosidase, plays a negative role in seed longevity by affecting primary metabolism during seed development and aging. Seed longevity is a crucial trait in agriculture and in the conservation of germplasm resources. β-Glucosidases (BGlus) are multifunctional enzymes that affect plant growth and their adaptation to the environment. The function of rice BGlus in seed longevity, however, remains unknown. We report here that Os4BGlu14, a rice β-Glucosidase, negatively affected seed longevity during accelerated aging. Os4BGlu14 was highly expressed in rice embryos and induced by accelerated aging. Compared to the wild type, rice lines overexpressing Os4BGlu14 had significantly greater grain length, but smaller grain width and thickness. Overexpressing (OE) lines also showed lower starch but higher glucose contents. After accelerated aging treatment, OE lines displayed a significantly lower germination percentage than the wild type. Additionally, these lines had higher lignin accumulation before and after accelerated aging. Metabolome analysis detected 217 metabolites in untreated and aged rice seeds. Comparison of the differential metabolites between WT and OE5 revealed that ten key metabolites, four of which (e.g., uridine 5'-diphosphoglucose-glucose, UDPG) were increased, while the other six (e.g., γ-aminobutyric acid and methionine) were decreased, might be the crucial factors that lead to seed deterioration. Further analysis confirmed higher UDPG levels and more severe programmed cell death in OE lines than in the wild type. Furthermore, OE lines presented a lower germination rate after abscisic acid and paclobutrazol treatment during germination, compared to the wild type. Our study provides a basis for understanding the function of Os4BGlu14 in seed longevity in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Juan Ren
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Pei Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Li-Na Wang
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jing-Ping Su
- Tianjin Crop Research Institute, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Lin-Jing Sun
- Tianjin Crop Research Institute, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Tianjin Crop Research Institute, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - De-Fu Chen
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Xi-Wen Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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11
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Wang C, Chen S, Dong Y, Ren R, Chen D, Chen X. Chloroplastic Os3BGlu6 contributes significantly to cellular ABA pools and impacts drought tolerance and photosynthesis in rice. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 226:1042-1054. [PMID: 31917861 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Cellular abscisic acid (ABA) concentration is determined by both de novo biosynthesis and recycling via β-glucosidase(s). However, which rice β-glucosidase(s) are involved in this process remains unknown. Here, we report on a chloroplastic β-glucosidase isoenzyme, Os3BGlu6, that functions in ABA recycling in rice. Disruption of Os3BGlu6 in rice resulted in dwarfism, lower ABA content in leaves, drought-sensitivity, lower photosynthesis rate and higher intercellular CO2 concentration. Os3BGlu6 could hydrolyze ABA-GE to ABA in vitro. The reversion and overexpression rice lines restored or increased the drought tolerance as shown by the higher β-glucosidase activity, ABA concentrations and expressions of ABA- and drought-responsive genes. Drought induced Os3BGlu6 to form dimers, and the degree of polymerization correlated well with the increase in cellular ABA concentrations and drought tolerance in rice. Os3BGlu6 was responsive to drought and ABA treatments, and the protein was localized to the chloroplast. Disruption of Os3BGlu6 resulted in the increased stomatal density and impaired stomatal movement. Transcriptomics revealed that disruption of Os3BGlu6 resulted in chloroplastic oxidative stress and lowered Rubisco activity even under normal conditions. Taken together, these results suggest that chloroplastically localized Os3BGlu6 significantly affects cellular ABA pools, thereby affecting drought tolerance and photosynthesis in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengliang Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yanping Dong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Ruijuan Ren
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Defu Chen
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xiwen Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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12
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Gorantla JN, Pengthaisong S, Choknud S, Kaewpuang T, Manyum T, Promarak V, Ketudat Cairns JR. Gram scale production of 1-azido-β-d-glucose via enzyme catalysis for the synthesis of 1,2,3-triazole-glucosides. RSC Adv 2019; 9:6211-6220. [PMID: 35517277 PMCID: PMC9061115 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra00736a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of analytical amounts of azido sugars is used as a means of verifying catalytic acid/base mutations of retaining glycosidase, but application of this process to preparative synthesis has not been reported. The catalytic acid/base mutant of Thermoanaerobacterium xylanolyticus GH116 β-glucosidase, TxGH116D593A, catalyzed the gram scale production of 1-azido-β-d-glucose (1) from p-nitropheyl-β-d-glucopyranoside (pNPGlc) and azide via a transglucosylation reaction. Overnight reaction of the enzyme with pNPGlc and NaN3 in aqueous MES buffer (pH 5.5) at 55 °C produced 1 (3.27 g), which was isolated as a white foamy solid in 96% yield. This 1 was successfully utilized for the synthesis of fifteen 1,2,3-triazole-β-d-glucosyl derivatives (2–16) containing a variety of functional groups, via click chemistry. The retaining β-glucosidase acid/base mutant TxGH116D593A catalyzed the production of 1-azido-β-d-glucose for synthesis of 15 1,2,3-triazole β-glucosyl derivatives.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaggaiah N. Gorantla
- School of Chemistry
- Institute of Science, & Center for Biomolecular Structure, Function and Application
- Suranaree University of Technology
- Nakhon Ratchasima 30000
- Thailand
| | - Salila Pengthaisong
- School of Chemistry
- Institute of Science, & Center for Biomolecular Structure, Function and Application
- Suranaree University of Technology
- Nakhon Ratchasima 30000
- Thailand
| | - Sunaree Choknud
- School of Chemistry
- Institute of Science, & Center for Biomolecular Structure, Function and Application
- Suranaree University of Technology
- Nakhon Ratchasima 30000
- Thailand
| | - Teadkait Kaewpuang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- School of Molecular Science and Engineering
- Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology
- Rayong 21210
- Thailand
| | - Tanaporn Manyum
- School of Chemistry
- Institute of Science, & Center for Biomolecular Structure, Function and Application
- Suranaree University of Technology
- Nakhon Ratchasima 30000
- Thailand
| | - Vinich Promarak
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- School of Molecular Science and Engineering
- Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology
- Rayong 21210
- Thailand
| | - James R. Ketudat Cairns
- School of Chemistry
- Institute of Science, & Center for Biomolecular Structure, Function and Application
- Suranaree University of Technology
- Nakhon Ratchasima 30000
- Thailand
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13
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Ketudat Cairns JR, Mahong B, Baiya S, Jeon JS. β-Glucosidases: Multitasking, moonlighting or simply misunderstood? PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 241:246-59. [PMID: 26706075 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
β-Glucosidases have a wide range of functions in plants, including roles in recycling of cell-wall oligosaccharides, defense, phytohormone signaling, secondary metabolism, and scent release, among others. It is not always clear which one is responsible for a specific function, as plants contain a large set of β-glucosidases. However, progress has been made in recent years in elucidating these functions. To help understand what is known and what remains ambiguous, we review the general approaches to investigating plant β-glucosidase functions. We consider information that has been gained regarding glycoside hydrolase family 1 enzyme functions utilizing these approaches in the past decade. In several cases, one enzyme has been assigned different biological functions by different research groups. We suggest that, at least in some cases, the ambiguity of an enzyme's function may come from having multiple functions that may help coordinate the response to injury or other stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Ketudat Cairns
- School of Biochemistry, Institute of Science and Center for Biomolecular Structure, Function and Application, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand; Laboratory of Biochemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand.
| | - Bancha Mahong
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung-Hee University, Yongin 17104, South Korea
| | - Supaporn Baiya
- School of Biochemistry, Institute of Science and Center for Biomolecular Structure, Function and Application, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Jong-Seong Jeon
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung-Hee University, Yongin 17104, South Korea
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14
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Hua Y, Ekkhara W, Sansenya S, Srisomsap C, Roytrakul S, Saburi W, Takeda R, Matsuura H, Mori H, Ketudat Cairns JR. Identification of rice Os4BGlu13 as a β-glucosidase which hydrolyzes gibberellin A4 1-O-β-d-glucosyl ester, in addition to tuberonic acid glucoside and salicylic acid derivative glucosides. Arch Biochem Biophys 2015; 583:36-46. [PMID: 26241499 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2015.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Gibberellin 1-O-β-d-glucose ester hydrolysis activity has been detected in rice seedling extracts, but no enzyme responsible for this activity has ever been purified and identified. Therefore, gibberellin A4 glucosyl ester (GA4-GE) β-d-glucosidase activity was purified from ten-day rice seedling stems and leaves. The family 1 glycoside hydrolase Os4BGlu13 was identified in the final purification fraction. The Os4BGlu13 cDNA was amplified from rice seedlings and expressed as an N-terminal thioredoxin-tagged fusion protein in Escherichia coli. The purified recombinant Os4BGlu13 protein (rOs4BGlu13) had an optimum pH of 4.5, for hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl β-d-glucopyranoside (pNPGlc), which was the best substrate identified, with a kcat/Km of 637 mM(-1) s(-1). rOs4BGlu13 hydrolyzed helicin best among natural glycosides tested (kcat/Km of 74.4 mM(-1) s(-1)). Os4BGlu13 was previously designated tuberonic acid glucoside (TAG) β-glucosidase (TAGG), and here the kcat/Km of rOsBGlu13 for TAG was 6.68 mM(-1) s(-1), while that for GA4-GE was 3.63 mM(-1) s(-1) and for salicylic acid glucoside (SAG) is 0.88 mM(-1) s(-1). rOs4BGlu13 also hydrolyzed oligosaccharides, with preference for short β-(1 → 3)-linked over β-(1 → 4)-linked glucooligosaccharides. The enzymatic data suggests that Os4BGlu13 may contribute to TAG, SAG, oligosaccharide and GA4-GE hydrolysis in the rice plant, although helicin or a similar compound may be its primary target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Hua
- The Center for Scientific and Technological Equipment, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand; Center for Biomolecular Structure, Function and Application, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Watsamon Ekkhara
- Center for Biomolecular Structure, Function and Application, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand; School of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Sompong Sansenya
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Rajamangala University of Technology, Thanyaburi, Pathun Thani 12110, Thailand
| | | | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Wataru Saburi
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-9, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Takeda
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-9, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Matsuura
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-9, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Haruhide Mori
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-9, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - James R Ketudat Cairns
- Center for Biomolecular Structure, Function and Application, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand; School of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand; Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand.
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15
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A complete specific cleavage of glucosyl and ester linkages of stevioside for preparing steviol with a β-galactosidase from Sulfolobus solfataricus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2014.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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16
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Rouyi C, Baiya S, Lee SK, Mahong B, Jeon JS, Ketudat-Cairns JR, Ketudat-Cairns M. Recombinant Expression and Characterization of the Cytoplasmic Rice β-Glucosidase Os1BGlu4. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96712. [PMID: 24802508 PMCID: PMC4011751 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Os1BGlu4 β-glucosidase is the only glycoside hydrolase family 1 member in rice that is predicted to be localized in the cytoplasm. To characterize the biochemical function of rice Os1BGlu4, the Os1bglu4 cDNA was cloned and used to express a thioredoxin fusion protein in Escherichia coli. After removal of the tag, the purified recombinant Os1BGlu4 (rOs1BGlu4) exhibited an optimum pH of 6.5, which is consistent with Os1BGlu4's cytoplasmic localization. Fluorescence microscopy of maize protoplasts and tobacco leaf cells expressing green fluorescent protein-tagged Os1BGlu4 confirmed the cytoplasmic localization. Purified rOs1BGlu4 can hydrolyze p-nitrophenyl (pNP)-β-d-glucoside (pNPGlc) efficiently (kcat/Km = 17.9 mM−1·s−1), and hydrolyzes pNP-β-d-fucopyranoside with about 50% the efficiency of the pNPGlc. Among natural substrates tested, rOs1BGlu4 efficiently hydrolyzed β-(1,3)-linked oligosaccharides of degree of polymerization (DP) 2–3, and β-(1,4)-linked oligosaccharide of DP 3–4, and hydrolysis of salicin, esculin and p-coumaryl alcohol was also detected. Analysis of the hydrolysis of pNP-β-cellobioside showed that the initial hydrolysis was between the two glucose molecules, and suggested rOs1BGlu4 transglucosylates this substrate. At 10 mM pNPGlc concentration, rOs1BGlu4 can transfer the glucosyl group of pNPGlc to ethanol and pNPGlc. This transglycosylation activity suggests the potential use of Os1BGlu4 for pNP-oligosaccharide and alkyl glycosides synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Rouyi
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Muang District, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
- Guizhou Institute of Upland Food Crops, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Supaporn Baiya
- School of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Muang District, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Sang-Kyu Lee
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, Korea
| | - Bancha Mahong
- Department of Plant Molecular Systems Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, Korea
| | - Jong-Seong Jeon
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, Korea
- Department of Plant Molecular Systems Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, Korea
| | - James R. Ketudat-Cairns
- School of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Muang District, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Mariena Ketudat-Cairns
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Muang District, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
- * E-mail:
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17
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Saino H, Shimizu T, Hiratake J, Nakatsu T, Kato H, Sakata K, Mizutani M. Crystal structures of β-primeverosidase in complex with disaccharide amidine inhibitors. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:16826-34. [PMID: 24753293 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.553271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Primeverosidase (PD) is a disaccharide-specific β-glycosidase in tea leaves. This enzyme is involved in aroma formation during the manufacturing process of oolong tea and black tea. PD hydrolyzes β-primeveroside (6-O-β-d-xylopyranosyl-β-d-glucopyranoside) at the β-glycosidic bond of primeverose to aglycone, and releases aromatic alcoholic volatiles of aglycones. PD only accepts primeverose as the glycone substrate, but broadly accepts various aglycones, including 2-phenylethanol, benzyl alcohol, linalool, and geraniol. We determined the crystal structure of PD complexes using highly specific disaccharide amidine inhibitors, N-β-primeverosylamidines, and revealed the architecture of the active site responsible for substrate specificity. We identified three subsites in the active site: subsite -2 specific for 6-O-β-d-xylopyranosyl, subsite -1 well conserved among β-glucosidases and specific for β-d-glucopyranosyl, and wide subsite +1 for hydrophobic aglycone. Glu-470, Ser-473, and Gln-477 act as the specific hydrogen bond donors for 6-O-β-d-xylopyranosyl in subsite -2. On the other hand, subsite +1 was a large hydrophobic cavity that accommodates various aromatic aglycones. Compared with aglycone-specific β-glucosidases of the glycoside hydrolase family 1, PD lacks the Trp crucial for aglycone recognition, and the resultant large cavity accepts aglycone and 6-O-β-d-xylopyranosyl together. PD recognizes the β-primeverosides in subsites -1 and -2 by hydrogen bonds, whereas the large subsite +1 loosely accommodates various aglycones. The glycone-specific activity of PD for broad aglycone substrates results in selective and multiple release of temporally stored alcoholic volatile aglycones of β-primeveroside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromichi Saino
- From the College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa 252-5258,
| | - Tetsuya Shimizu
- the Faculty of Science, Okayama University, Okayama-shi, Okayama 700-8530
| | - Jun Hiratake
- the Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji-shi, Kyoto 611-0011
| | - Toru Nakatsu
- the Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, and
| | - Hiroaki Kato
- the Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, and
| | - Kanzo Sakata
- the Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji-shi, Kyoto 611-0011
| | - Masaharu Mizutani
- the Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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