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Bamouh Z, Elkarhat Z, Hamdi J, Fellahi S, Tadlaoui KO, Fassi-Fihri O, Elharrak M. Draft genome sequence of Moroccan camelpox vaccine strain. Microbiol Resour Announc 2024; 13:e0086923. [PMID: 38727231 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00869-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Prevention and control of camelpox can be achieved by efficient vaccination. A limited number of homologous attenuated vaccines have been commercialized. In this study, we report the draft genome sequence of camelpox virus vaccine strain "CAMPOX vaccine" after 175 passages of attenuation in Vero cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Bamouh
- R&D, MCI Santé Animale, Mohammedia, Morocco
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Contagious Diseases, Institute of Agronomy and Veterinary Hassan II, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Z Elkarhat
- R&D, MCI Santé Animale, Mohammedia, Morocco
| | - J Hamdi
- R&D, MCI Santé Animale, Mohammedia, Morocco
| | - S Fellahi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Contagious Diseases, Institute of Agronomy and Veterinary Hassan II, Rabat, Morocco
| | | | - O Fassi-Fihri
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Contagious Diseases, Institute of Agronomy and Veterinary Hassan II, Rabat, Morocco
| | - M Elharrak
- R&D, MCI Santé Animale, Mohammedia, Morocco
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Ranjan R, Marwaha S, Singh M, Narnaware SD, Ranjan A, Sahoo A. Molecular investigations of camelpox virus circulating in dromedary camel population in Rajasthan, India. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2023; 102:102073. [PMID: 37826888 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2023.102073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Camelpox is an important viral disease of dromedary camel in Rajasthan, India. In the present study, partial C18L gene sequences (n = 6) of camelpox virus (CMLV) obtained in an outbreak in Bikaner, Rajasthan, India in year 2022 were compared with other similar sequences obtained in the past in similar geographical location. Clinical and epidemiological features of the disease were also compared. Genomic study suggested variations in C18L gene sequences obtained in the present outbreak from those obtained during the past outbreaks. CMLV were genetically different from cowpox viruses, but appeared identical to CMLV causing disease in Israel, Egypt and Kazakhstan. Genomes of CMLV virus circulating in dromedary camel population of Rajasthan, India appeared diverse and changing, hence complete genome sequencing and identification of genomic changes altering infectivity and pathogenicity is warranted for designing control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Ranjan
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Camel, Bikaner 334001, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Sumnil Marwaha
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Camel, Bikaner 334001, Rajasthan, India
| | - Meetpal Singh
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Camel, Bikaner 334001, Rajasthan, India
| | - Shirish D Narnaware
- ICAR-Central Coastal Agricultural Research Institute, Ela, Goa 403402, India
| | - Amita Ranjan
- College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bikaner 334001, Rajasthan, India
| | - Artabandhu Sahoo
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Camel, Bikaner 334001, Rajasthan, India
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Ophthalmic Features and Implications of Poxviruses: Lessons from Clinical and Basic Research. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10122487. [PMID: 36557740 PMCID: PMC9781001 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Amidst the ongoing monkeypox outbreak, global awareness has been directed towards the prevention of viral transmission and case management, with the World Health Organization declaring the outbreak a public health emergency of international concern. Monkeypox virus is one of several species in the Orthopoxvirus genus, with other species of the genus including the variola, cowpox, mousepox, camelpox, raccoonpox, skunkpox, and volepox viruses. Although the nomenclature of these species is based on the animal host from which they were originally isolated, transmission from animals to humans has been reported with several species. The progression of disease, following an incubation period, typically consists of a prodromal phase with systemic flu-like symptoms. Various organ systems may be affected in addition to the formation of pathognomonic skin lesions. As monkeypox poses a continued public health concern, the ophthalmic sequelae of monkeypox virus, especially those leading to vision loss, warrant consideration as well. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the ophthalmic implications of poxviruses in clinical and laboratory settings reported in the literature, as well as areas of unmet need and future research.
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Bamouh Z, Hamdi J, Elkarhat Z, Fellahi S, Omari Tadlaoui K, Watts DM, Fassi Fihri O, Elharrak M. Attenuation and genetic characteristics of a Moroccan strain of Camel pox virus. Vaccine 2022; 40:6471-6480. [PMID: 36192275 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Camel pox (CML) is a widespread infectious viral disease of camels that causes huge economic losses to the camel industry. In this study, a local strain of Camel pox virus (CMLV) was attenuated by 175 serial passages in Vero cells and the residual pathogenicity and infectivity were tested in naïve camels at 120, 150 and 175 passage levels. Also, the safety and immunogenicity of the 175th passage were evaluated in camels using a dose of 104.0 Tissue Culture Dose 50% (TCID50) and monitored for up to one-year post vaccination (pv) for neutralizing antibody. Seroconversion was noted at day 14 pv with neutralizing antibody titers ranging from 0.5 and 1.6 logs over the one-year of the study. Among 8 camels inoculated with the P175 strain, 4 were challenged at 12-month pv with 105.7 TCID50/ml of the original virulent CMLV and complete protection was recorded in all animals. Whole genome sequencing detected six mutations in the original CMLV strain that were not present in the attenuated 175th passage of this strain. Overall, the findings of this study indicated that the 175th passage of the CMLV was attenuated, safe and afforded protection to camels against virulent CMLV, and is therefore, a promising vaccine candidate for the prevention of CML in camels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Bamouh
- Research and Development, MCI Santé Animale, Lot. 157, Z. I., Sud-Ouest (ERAC) B.P: 278, Mohammedia 28810, Morocco; Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Jihane Hamdi
- Research and Development, MCI Santé Animale, Lot. 157, Z. I., Sud-Ouest (ERAC) B.P: 278, Mohammedia 28810, Morocco
| | - Zouhair Elkarhat
- Research and Development, MCI Santé Animale, Lot. 157, Z. I., Sud-Ouest (ERAC) B.P: 278, Mohammedia 28810, Morocco.
| | - Siham Fellahi
- Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Khalid Omari Tadlaoui
- Research and Development, MCI Santé Animale, Lot. 157, Z. I., Sud-Ouest (ERAC) B.P: 278, Mohammedia 28810, Morocco.
| | - Douglas M Watts
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA.
| | | | - Mehdi Elharrak
- Research and Development, MCI Santé Animale, Lot. 157, Z. I., Sud-Ouest (ERAC) B.P: 278, Mohammedia 28810, Morocco.
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Nagy PP, Skidmore JA, Juhasz J. Intensification of camel farming and milk production with special emphasis on animal health, welfare, and the biotechnology of reproduction. Anim Front 2022; 12:35-45. [PMID: 35974793 PMCID: PMC9374475 DOI: 10.1093/af/vfac043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Pal Nagy
- Farm and Veterinary Department, Emirates Industry for Camel Milk and Products, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Judit Juhasz
- Farm and Veterinary Department, Emirates Industry for Camel Milk and Products, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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Narnaware SD, Ranjan R, Dahiya SS, Panchbuddhe A, Bajpai D, Tuteja FC, Sawal RK. Pathological and molecular investigations of systemic form of camelpox in naturally infected adult male dromedary camels in India. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06186. [PMID: 33598582 PMCID: PMC7868614 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Camelpox is a wide-spread infectious viral disease of camelids. An outbreak of camelpox was reported in 15 adult male dromedary camels aged between 10 to 16 years of an organized herd in winter season. The infected camels showed clinical signs of fever, anorexia, lachrymation, pendulous lips, excessive salivation and pock lesions on the skin of head, neck, mouth, lips, extremities, thigh, abdomen, scrotum and inguinal region. Mortalities were recorded in three infected camels after 10-12 days of infection and showed systemic pox lesions characterized by vesicles, papules, ulcerations and raised pock lesions in the mucous membranes of the mouth, tongue, tracheal mucosa, lung, abomasum and liver. Histopathology study revealed characteristic pox lesions with intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusion bodies in tongue. Lung showed lesion of interstitial pneumonia (n = 2) and bronchointerstitial pneumonia (n = 1). Liver showed infiltration of mononuclear cells around central veins and degenerative changes of hepatocytes. The abomasum and intestine showed ulcerations, marked capillary congestion and areas of lymphocyte infiltration in mucosa and submucosa. The presence of camelpox virus (CMLV) was confirmed in viral DNA isolated from formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissues of tongue, lung, abomasum, liver, heart and intestine of infected camels by C18L gene PCR. The sequencing of viral DNAs showed phylogenetic relatedness with other CMLV isolates from India and other countries. Thus, our study confirmed the rare severe form of systemic camelpox outbreak in adult male dromedary camels hence future attention should be given for studies on virulence, strain identification and molecular epidemiology of CMLV for planning of effective preventive and control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rakesh Ranjan
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Camel, Post Bag No. 07, Jorbeer, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
| | - Shyam Singh Dahiya
- ICAR- Directorate of Foot and Mouth Disease, Mukteswar, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | | | - Devika Bajpai
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Camel, Post Bag No. 07, Jorbeer, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
| | - Fateh Chand Tuteja
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Camel, Post Bag No. 07, Jorbeer, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Sawal
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Camel, Post Bag No. 07, Jorbeer, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
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Páez-Martínez A, Laiton-Donato K, Usme-Ciro JA. [Zoonotic vaccinia in Colombia: Cumulative evidence of the emergence of poxviruses in the world]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 20:778-783. [PMID: 33206905 DOI: 10.15446/rsap.v20n6.67962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The recent occurrence of vaccinia virus infections in humans and animals in Colombia, together with that reported for this and other species of the genus Orthopoxvirus in some South American, African, Asian and European countries, is supporting evidence of the emergence and re-emergence of the genus. This fact has become of great interest for public health around the world due to its biological and an epidemiological features, as was in the past the variola virus, one of its representatives. The emergence and re-emergence of the genus Orthopoxvirus may be a consequence of stopping vaccination against the variola virus in the 1970s and 1980s. This vaccination unsuspectedly induced cross-protective immunity to other species of that genus. This is a review of the history, biology and epidemiology of the main species of the genus Orthopoxvirus, together with its clinical presentation, social context and public health impact in the past, present and future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Páez-Martínez
- AP: Biólogo. Ph. D. Ciencias Biomédicas. Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de La Salle. Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Katherine Laiton-Donato
- KL: Bacterióloga. M. Sc. Ciencias Microbiología. Grupo de Virología, Instituto Nacional de Salud. Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - José A Usme-Ciro
- JU: Biólogo. M. Sc. Ph.D. Biología. CIST - Centro de Investigación en Salud para el Trópico. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Troncal del Caribe Sector Mama-toco, Santa Marta, Colombia.
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Complete Genome Sequence of the First Camelpox Virus Case Diagnosed in Israel. Microbiol Resour Announc 2019; 8:8/34/e00671-19. [PMID: 31439696 PMCID: PMC6706688 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00671-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We report here the whole-genome sequence of the first camelpox virus case diagnosed in Israel. The strain (Negev2016) was isolated in 2016 from a camel in southern Israel and was sequenced on the Illumina MiSeq and Oxford Nanopore MinION platforms.
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Erster O, Melamed S, Paran N, Weiss S, Khinich Y, Gelman B, Solomony A, Laskar-Levy O. First Diagnosed Case of Camelpox Virus in Israel. Viruses 2018; 10:v10020078. [PMID: 29438294 PMCID: PMC5850385 DOI: 10.3390/v10020078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An outbreak of a disease in camels with skin lesions was reported in Israel during 2016. To identify the etiological agent of this illness, we employed a multidisciplinary diagnostic approach. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis of lesion material revealed the presence of an orthopox-like virus, based on its characteristic brick shape. The virus from the skin lesions successfully infected chorioallantoic membranes and induced cytopathic effect in Vero cells, which were subsequently positively stained by an orthopox-specific antibody. The definite identification of the virus was accomplished by two independent qPCR, one of which was developed in this study, followed by sequencing of several regions of the viral genome. The qPCR and sequencing results confirmed the presence of camelpox virus (CMLV), and indicated that it is different from the previously annotated CMLV sequence available from GenBank. This is the first reported case of CMLV in Israel, and the first description of the isolated CMLV subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oran Erster
- Division of Virology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 12, Beit Dagan 50250, Israel.
| | - Sharon Melamed
- Department of Infectious Diseases, IIBR P.O. Box 19, Ness Ziona 74100, Israel.
| | - Nir Paran
- Department of Infectious Diseases, IIBR P.O. Box 19, Ness Ziona 74100, Israel.
| | - Shay Weiss
- Department of Infectious Diseases, IIBR P.O. Box 19, Ness Ziona 74100, Israel.
| | - Yevgeny Khinich
- Division of Virology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 12, Beit Dagan 50250, Israel.
| | - Boris Gelman
- Division of Virology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 12, Beit Dagan 50250, Israel.
| | - Aharon Solomony
- Negev Veterinary Bureau, Israeli Veterinary Services, Binyamin Ben Asa 1, Be'er Sheba 84102, Israel.
| | - Orly Laskar-Levy
- Department of Infectious Diseases, IIBR P.O. Box 19, Ness Ziona 74100, Israel.
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Dahiya SS, Kumar S, Mehta SC, Singh R, Nath K, Narnaware SD, Tuteja FC. Molecular characterization of Camelpox virus isolates from Bikaner, India: Evidence of its endemicity. Acta Trop 2017; 171:1-5. [PMID: 28315306 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Camelpox is an important viral disease of camels, which may produce mild skin lesions or severe systemic infections. Camelpox virus (CMLV) isolates retrieved from an incidence of camelpox in camels at Bikaner, India were characterized on the basis of genotype and pathotype. Histopathological examination of the CMLV scab revealed intracytoplasmic-eosinophilic inclusion bodies. The phylogenetic analysis of all eight CMLV isolates for C18L gene nucleotide sequence revealed its clustering with its strains M-96 from Kazakhstan and CMS from Iran. The study will help to understand the transmission chain, pathobiology, and epidemiology of circulating CMLV strains. The full genome sequencing of some of the exemplary samples of CMLV is recommended in order to plan and implement a suitable control strategy.
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