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Rahmati S, Khazaei M, Abpeikar Z, Soleimanizadeh A, Rezakhani L. Exosome-loaded decellularized tissue: Opening a new window for regenerative medicine. J Tissue Viability 2024; 33:332-344. [PMID: 38594147 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtv.2024.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSCs-EXO) have received a lot of interest recently as a potential therapeutic tool in regenerative medicine. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) known as exosomes (EXOs) are crucial for cell-cell communication throughout a variety of activities including stress response, aging, angiogenesis, and cell differentiation. Exploration of the potential use of EXOs as essential therapeutic effectors of MSCs to encourage tissue regeneration was motivated by success in the field of regenerative medicine. EXOs have been administered to target tissues using a variety of methods, including direct, intravenous, intraperitoneal injection, oral delivery, and hydrogel-based encapsulation, in various disease models. Despite the significant advances in EXO therapy, various methods are still being researched to optimize the therapeutic applications of these nanoparticles, and it is not completely clear which approach to EXO administration will have the greatest effects. Here, we will review emerging developments in the applications of EXOs loaded into decellularized tissues as therapeutic agents for use in regenerative medicine in various tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Rahmati
- Cancer Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mozafar Khazaei
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Zahra Abpeikar
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Arghavan Soleimanizadeh
- Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School 'Molecular Medicine, University of Ulm, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Leila Rezakhani
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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2
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Ortega JA, Soares de Aguiar GP, Chandravanshi P, Levy N, Engel E, Álvarez Z. Exploring the properties and potential of the neural extracellular matrix for next-generation regenerative therapies. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 16:e1962. [PMID: 38723788 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a dynamic and complex network of proteins and molecules that surrounds cells and tissues in the nervous system and orchestrates a myriad of biological functions. This review carefully examines the diverse interactions between cells and the ECM, as well as the transformative chemical and physical changes that the ECM undergoes during neural development, aging, and disease. These transformations play a pivotal role in shaping tissue morphogenesis and neural activity, thereby influencing the functionality of the central nervous system (CNS). In our comprehensive review, we describe the diverse behaviors of the CNS ECM in different physiological and pathological scenarios and explore the unique properties that make ECM-based strategies attractive for CNS repair and regeneration. Addressing the challenges of scalability, variability, and integration with host tissues, we review how advanced natural, synthetic, and combinatorial matrix approaches enhance biocompatibility, mechanical properties, and functional recovery. Overall, this review highlights the potential of decellularized ECM as a powerful tool for CNS modeling and regenerative purposes and sets the stage for future research in this exciting field. This article is categorized under: Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanotechnology in Tissue Repair and Replacement Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Neurological Disease Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanomaterials and Implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Alberto Ortega
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain
| | - Gisele P Soares de Aguiar
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain
| | - Palash Chandravanshi
- Biomaterials for Neural Regeneration Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natacha Levy
- Biomaterials for Neural Regeneration Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisabeth Engel
- IMEM-BRT Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, EEBE, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Barcelona, Spain
- Biomaterials for Regenerative Therapies Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Zaida Álvarez
- Biomaterials for Neural Regeneration Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Ma Y, Zhang R, Mao X, Li X, Li T, Liang F, He J, Wen L, Wang W, Li X, Zhang Y, Yu H, Lu B, Yu T, Ao Q. Preparation of PLCL/ECM nerve conduits by electrostatic spinning technique and evaluation in vitroand in vivo. J Neural Eng 2024; 21:026028. [PMID: 38572924 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ad3851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Objective. Artificial nerve scaffolds composed of polymers have attracted great attention as an alternative for autologous nerve grafts recently. Due to their poor bioactivity, satisfactory nerve repair could not be achieved. To solve this problem, we introduced extracellular matrix (ECM) to optimize the materials.Approach.In this study, the ECM extracted from porcine nerves was mixed with Poly(L-Lactide-co-ϵ-caprolactone) (PLCL), and the innovative PLCL/ECM nerve repair conduits were prepared by electrostatic spinning technology. The novel conduits were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), tensile properties, and suture retention strength test for micromorphology and mechanical strength. The biosafety and biocompatibility of PLCL/ECM nerve conduits were evaluated by cytotoxicity assay with Mouse fibroblast cells and cell adhesion assay with RSC 96 cells, and the effects of PLCL/ECM nerve conduits on the gene expression in Schwann cells was analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Moreover, a 10 mm rat (Male Wistar rat) sciatic defect was bridged with a PLCL/ECM nerve conduit, and nerve regeneration was evaluated by walking track, mid-shank circumference, electrophysiology, and histomorphology analyses.Main results.The results showed that PLCL/ECM conduits have similar microstructure and mechanical strength compared with PLCL conduits. The cytotoxicity assay demonstrates better biosafety and biocompatibility of PLCL/ECM nerve conduits. And the cell adhesion assay further verifies that the addition of ECM is more beneficial to cell adhesion and proliferation. RT-PCR showed that the PLCL/ECM nerve conduit was more favorable to the gene expression of functional proteins of Schwann cells. Thein vivoresults indicated that PLCL/ECM nerve conduits possess excellent biocompatibility and exhibit a superior capacity to promote peripheral nerve repair.Significance.The addition of ECM significantly improved the biocompatibility and bioactivity of PLCL, while the PLCL/ECM nerve conduit gained the appropriate mechanical strength from PLCL, which has great potential for clinical repair of peripheral nerve injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhan Ma
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Runze Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Steel Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Mao
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
- China (Nanchang) Intellectual Property Protection Center, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Liang
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing He
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Wen
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Weizuo Wang
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhui Zhang
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Honghao Yu
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Binhan Lu
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianhao Yu
- The VIP Department, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Ao
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Control of Tissue Regenerative Biomaterial & Institute of Regulatory Science for Medical Device & National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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Le LTT, Pham NC, Trinh XT, Nguyen NG, Nguyen VL, Nam SY, Heo CY. Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Decellularization of Porcine Nerve Matrix for Regenerative Medicine. Tissue Eng Part A 2024. [PMID: 38205627 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2023.0228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering scaffolds are often made from the decellularization of tissues. The decellularization of tissues caused by prolonged contact with aqueous detergents might harm the microstructure and leave cytotoxic residues. In this research, we developed a new technique to use supercritical carbon dioxide (Sc-CO2)-based decellularization for porcine nerve tissue. The effect of decellularization was analyzed by histological examination, including Hematoxylin and Eosin, Masson's Trichrome staining, and 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining. Moreover, biochemical analysis of the decellularized tissues was also performed by measuring DNA content, amount of collagen, and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) after decellularization. The results showed that the tissue structure was preserved, cells were removed, and the essential components of extracellular matrix, such as collagen fibers, elastin fibers, and GAG fibers, remained after decellularization. In addition, the DNA content was decreased compared with native tissue, and the concentration of collagen and GAGs in the decellularized nerve tissue was the same as in native tissue. The in vivo experiment in the rat model showed that after 6 months of decellularized nerve implantation, the sciatic function index was confirmed to recover in decellularized nerve. Morphological analysis displayed a range of infiltrated cells in the decellularized nerve, similar to that in native tissue, and the number of Schwann cells that play essential for motor function and sensory in the decellularized nerve was confirmed. These findings indicate that tissue decellularization using Sc-CO2 has been successfully used in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linh Thi Thuy Le
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Ngoc Chien Pham
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Device Development, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Xuan-Tung Trinh
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Ngan Giang Nguyen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
- Korean Institute of Nonclinical Study Center, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Van Long Nguyen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Young Nam
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Yeong Heo
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
- Korean Institute of Nonclinical Study Center, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Device Development, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Yang J, Tang J, Dang J, Rong X, Wang K, Zhang Z, Hou M, Yu Z, Yi C. Bioactive decellularized adipose matrix prepared using a rapid, nonchemical/enzymatic method for adipogenesis. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024; 121:157-175. [PMID: 37691171 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Recent developments in the field of regenerative surgeries and medical applications have led to a renewed interest in adipose tissue-enriched mesenchymal stem cell scaffolds. Various advantages declared for the decellularized adipose matrix (DAM) have caused its extensive use in the transfer of stem cells or growth factors for soft tissue regeneration induction. Meanwhile, the long-term application of detergents toward DAM regeneration has been assumed as a risky obstacle in this era. Herein, a rapid, mechanical protocol was developed to prepare DAM (M-DAM) without chemicals/enzymes and was comprehensively compared with the ordinary DAM (traditional chemical method). Accordingly, this method could effectively hinder oils and cells, sustain the structural and biological elements, and contain a superior level of collagen content. In addition, more protein numbers, as well as higher basement membrane elements, glycoproteins, and extracellular matrix-related proteins were detected in the regenerated M-DAM. Also, superior adipogenesis and angiogenesis proteins were distinguished. The noncytotoxicity of the M-DAM was also approved, and a natural ecological niche was observed for the proliferation and differentiation of stem cells, confirming its great potential for vascularization and adipogenesis in vivo. The suggested technique could effectively prepare the modified DAM in variant constructions of tablets, powders, emulsions, hydrogels, and different three-dimensional-printed structures. Hence, this rapid, mechanical process can produce bioactive DAM, which has the potential to be widely used in various research fields of regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jizhong Yang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiezhang Tang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Juanli Dang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiangke Rong
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhaoxiang Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mengmeng Hou
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhou Yu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chenggang Yi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Esmaeili A, Rahimi A, Abbasi A, Hasannejad-Asl B, Bagheri-Mohammadi S, Farjami M, Keshel SH. Processing and post-processing of fish skin as a novel material in tissue engineering. Tissue Cell 2023; 85:102238. [PMID: 37832248 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
As a natural material, fish skin contains significant amounts of collagen I and III, and due to its biocompatible nature, it can be used to regenerate various tissues and organs. To use fish skin, it is necessary to perform the decellularization process to avoid the immunological response of the host body. In the process of decellularization, it is crucial to conserve the extracellular matrix (ECM) three-dimensional (3D) structure. However, it is known that decellularization methods may also damage ECM strands arrangement and structure. Moreover, after decellularization, the post-processing of fish skin improves its mechanical and biological properties and preserves its 3D design and strength. Also, sterilization, which is one of the post-processing steps, is mandatory in pre-clinical and clinical settings. In this review paper, the fish skin decellularization methods performed and the various post-processes used to increase the performance of the skin have been studied. Moreover, multiple applications of acellular fish skin (AFS) and its extracted collagen have been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Esmaeili
- Student Research Committee, Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Rahimi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Abbasi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnam Hasannejad-Asl
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti, University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Bagheri-Mohammadi
- Department of Physiology and Neurophysiology Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Farjami
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Heidari Keshel
- Student Research Committee, Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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7
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Kakabadze Z, Paresishvili T. Intravital tumor decellularization as a new approach to cancer treatment. Am J Cancer Res 2023; 13:4192-4207. [PMID: 37818079 PMCID: PMC10560955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This study demonstrates the possibility of tumor decellularization in living animals. Subcutaneous Ehrlich tumor induced by isolated Ehrlich ascitic carcinoma cells in mice was used as a model. The study also presents methods for ex vivo decellularization of human gastric adenocarcinoma (HGA) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) induced by diethylnitrosamine (DEN) in rat. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and Triton X-100 were used as detergents for tumor decellularization. The detergents for HGA and HCC were administered through organ vessels. For intravital decellularization of Ehrlich's subcutaneous tumor, detergents were injected directly into the tumor parenchyma. The results of the study showed that the effectiveness of tumor decellularization using SDS and Triton X-100 depended on the size, structure, stiffness and density of the tumor, as well as on the concentration, route and speed of detergent administration. The study also showed that an hour after the initiation of decellularization, the central part of Ehrlich's tumor changed the color, and after three hours, it completely acquired a translucent white color. Chemical contamination of tissues surrounding the tumor with the detergents was not observed. Histological studies showed the complete absence of all cellular components of Ehrlich's tumor and a slightly deformed extracellular matrix (ECM). There were no loco-regional recurrences or metastases of Ehrlich's tumor within 150 days after decellularization. The developed intravital decellularization method allows the effective removal of the cellular components and the DNA content of Ehrlich's subcutaneous tumor without compromising animal health. Additionally, this method can destroy tumor ECM, which will significantly improve the delivery of anticancer drugs to the tumor cells. However, more detailed and extensive studies are needed to develop an in vivo technique for isolated decellularization of the tumor or a part of the organ with the tumor. It is also necessary to identify less toxic decellularization agents and to develop the most efficient route for their delivery to the tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zurab Kakabadze
- Department of Clinical Anatomy, Tbilisi State Medical University 0186 Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Teona Paresishvili
- Department of Clinical Anatomy, Tbilisi State Medical University 0186 Tbilisi, Georgia
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Zhang Y, Zhang C, Li Y, Zhou L, Dan N, Min J, Chen Y, Wang Y. Evolution of biomimetic ECM scaffolds from decellularized tissue matrix for tissue engineering: A comprehensive review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 246:125672. [PMID: 37406920 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering is essentially a technique for imitating nature. Natural tissues are made up of three parts: extracellular matrix (ECM), signaling systems, and cells. Therefore, biomimetic ECM scaffold is one of the best candidates for tissue engineering scaffolds. Among the many scaffold materials of biomimetic ECM structure, decellularized ECM scaffolds (dECMs) obtained from natural ECM after acellular treatment stand out because of their inherent natural components and microenvironment. First, an overview of the family of dECMs is provided. The principle, mechanism, advances, and shortfalls of various decellularization technologies, including physical, chemical, and biochemical methods are then critically discussed. Subsequently, a comprehensive review is provided on recent advances in the versatile applications of dECMs including but not limited to decellularized small intestinal submucosa, dermal matrix, amniotic matrix, tendon, vessel, bladder, heart valves. And detailed examples are also drawn from scientific research and practical work. Furthermore, we outline the underlying development directions of dECMs from the perspective that tissue engineering scaffolds play an important role as an important foothold and fulcrum at the intersection of materials and medicine. As scaffolds that have already found diverse applications, dECMs will continue to present both challenges and exciting opportunities for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chenyu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuwen Li
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lingyan Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Nianhua Dan
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610065, China; Research Center of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Jie Min
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yining Chen
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610065, China; Research Center of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China.
| | - Yunbing Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wang Jiang Road, Chengdu 610065, China
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Kasravi M, Ahmadi A, Babajani A, Mazloomnejad R, Hatamnejad MR, Shariatzadeh S, Bahrami S, Niknejad H. Immunogenicity of decellularized extracellular matrix scaffolds: a bottleneck in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Biomater Res 2023; 27:10. [PMID: 36759929 PMCID: PMC9912640 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-023-00348-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue-engineered decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds hold great potential to address the donor shortage as well as immunologic rejection attributed to cells in conventional tissue/organ transplantation. Decellularization, as the key process in manufacturing ECM scaffolds, removes immunogen cell materials and significantly alleviates the immunogenicity and biocompatibility of derived scaffolds. However, the application of these bioscaffolds still confronts major immunologic challenges. This review discusses the interplay between damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and antigens as the main inducers of innate and adaptive immunity to aid in manufacturing biocompatible grafts with desirable immunogenicity. It also appraises the impact of various decellularization methodologies (i.e., apoptosis-assisted techniques) on provoking immune responses that participate in rejecting allogenic and xenogeneic decellularized scaffolds. In addition, the key research findings regarding the contribution of ECM alterations, cytotoxicity issues, graft sourcing, and implantation site to the immunogenicity of decellularized tissues/organs are comprehensively considered. Finally, it discusses practical solutions to overcome immunogenicity, including antigen masking by crosslinking, sterilization optimization, and antigen removal techniques such as selective antigen removal and sequential antigen solubilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Kasravi
- grid.411600.2Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1985711151 Iran ,grid.411600.2Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Armin Ahmadi
- grid.411600.2Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1985711151 Iran
| | - Amirhesam Babajani
- grid.411600.2Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1985711151 Iran
| | - Radman Mazloomnejad
- grid.411600.2Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1985711151 Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Hatamnejad
- grid.411600.2Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Siavash Shariatzadeh
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California USA
| | - Soheyl Bahrami
- grid.454388.60000 0004 6047 9906Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in AUVA Research Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hassan Niknejad
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1985711151, Iran.
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Brennan J, Lu ML, Kang Y. A New Model of Esophageal Cancers by Using a Detergent-Free Decellularized Matrix in a Perfusion Bioreactor. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:96. [PMID: 36671668 PMCID: PMC9854977 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10010096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The lack of physiologically relevant human esophageal cancer models has as a result that many esophageal cancer studies are encountering major bottleneck challenges in achieving breakthrough progress. To address the issue, here we engineered a 3D esophageal tumor tissue model using a biomimetic decellularized esophageal matrix in a customized bioreactor. To obtain a biomimetic esophageal matrix, we developed a detergent-free, rapid decellularization method to decellularize porcine esophagus. We characterized the decellularized esophageal matrix (DEM) and utilized the DEM for the growth of esophageal cancer cell KYSE30 in well plates and the bioreactor. We then analyzed the expression of cancer-related markers of KYSE30 cells and compared them with formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) tissue biospecimens. Our results show that the detergent-free decellularization method preserved the esophageal matrix components and effectively removed cell nucleus. KYSE30 cancer cells proliferated well on and inside the DEM. KYSE30 cells cultured on the DEM in the dynamic bioreactor show different cancer marker expressions than those in the static well plate, and also share some similarities to the FFPE-ESCC biospecimens. These findings built a foundation with potential for further study of esophageal cancer behavior in a biomimetic microenvironment using this new esophageal cancer model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Brennan
- Department of Ocean and Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Michael L. Lu
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
- Faculty of Integrative Biology PhD Program, Department of Biological Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Yunqing Kang
- Department of Ocean and Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
- Faculty of Integrative Biology PhD Program, Department of Biological Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
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11
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Stocco E, Barbon S, Mammana M, Zambello G, Contran M, Parnigotto PP, Macchi V, Conconi MT, Rea F, De Caro R, Porzionato A. Preclinical and clinical orthotopic transplantation of decellularized/engineered tracheal scaffolds: A systematic literature review. J Tissue Eng 2023; 14:20417314231151826. [PMID: 36874984 PMCID: PMC9974632 DOI: 10.1177/20417314231151826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe tracheal injuries that cannot be managed by mobilization and end-to-end anastomosis represent an unmet clinical need and an urgent challenge to face in surgical practice; within this scenario, decellularized scaffolds (eventually bioengineered) are currently a tempting option among tissue engineered substitutes. The success of a decellularized trachea is expression of a balanced approach in cells removal while preserving the extracellular matrix (ECM) architecture/mechanical properties. Revising the literature, many Authors report about different methods for acellular tracheal ECMs development; however, only few of them verified the devices effectiveness by an orthotopic implant in animal models of disease. To support translational medicine in this field, here we provide a systematic review on studies recurring to decellularized/bioengineered tracheas implantation. After describing the specific methodological aspects, orthotopic implant results are verified. Furtherly, the only three clinical cases of compassionate use of tissue engineered tracheas are reported with a focus on outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Stocco
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, Padova, Italy.,Foundation for Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Tissue Engineering and Signaling-TES, Onlus, Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Barbon
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, Padova, Italy.,Foundation for Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Tissue Engineering and Signaling-TES, Onlus, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Mammana
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, Padova, Italy.,Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Zambello
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Martina Contran
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Parnigotto
- Foundation for Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Tissue Engineering and Signaling-TES, Onlus, Padova, Italy
| | - Veronica Macchi
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, Padova, Italy.,Foundation for Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Tissue Engineering and Signaling-TES, Onlus, Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Conconi
- Foundation for Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Tissue Engineering and Signaling-TES, Onlus, Padova, Italy.,Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Federico Rea
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, Padova, Italy.,Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Raffaele De Caro
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, Padova, Italy.,Foundation for Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Tissue Engineering and Signaling-TES, Onlus, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Porzionato
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, Padova, Italy.,Foundation for Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Tissue Engineering and Signaling-TES, Onlus, Padova, Italy
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12
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Wang B, Qinglai T, Yang Q, Li M, Zeng S, Yang X, Xiao Z, Tong X, Lei L, Li S. Functional acellular matrix for tissue repair. Mater Today Bio 2022; 18:100530. [PMID: 36601535 PMCID: PMC9806685 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In view of their low immunogenicity, biomimetic internal environment, tissue- and organ-like physicochemical properties, and functionalization potential, decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) materials attract considerable attention and are widely used in tissue engineering. This review describes the composition of extracellular matrices and their role in stem-cell differentiation, discusses the advantages and disadvantages of existing decellularization techniques, and presents methods for the functionalization and characterization of decellularized scaffolds. In addition, we discuss progress in the use of dECMs for cartilage, skin, nerve, and muscle repair and the transplantation or regeneration of different whole organs (e.g., kidneys, liver, uterus, lungs, and heart), summarize the shortcomings of using dECMs for tissue and organ repair after refunctionalization, and examine the corresponding future prospects. Thus, the present review helps to further systematize the application of functionalized dECMs in tissue/organ transplantation and keep researchers up to date on recent progress in dECM usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Tang Qinglai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Mengmeng Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Shiying Zeng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Xinming Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Zian Xiao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Xinying Tong
- Department of Hemodialysis, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Lanjie Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
- Corresponding author. State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Shisheng Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
- Corresponding author. Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China.
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13
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Wachs RA, Wellman SM, Porvasnik SL, Lakes EH, Cornelison RC, Song YH, Allen KD, Schmidt CE. Apoptosis-Decellularized Peripheral Nerve Scaffold Allows Regeneration across Nerve Gap. Cells Tissues Organs 2022; 212:512-522. [PMID: 36030771 DOI: 10.1159/000525704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury results in loss of motor and sensory function distal to the nerve injury and is often permanent in nerve gaps longer than 5 cm. Autologous nerve grafts (nerve autografts) utilize patients' own nerve tissue from another part of their body to repair the defect and are the gold standard in care. However, there is a limited autologous tissue supply, size mismatch between donor nerve and injured nerve, and morbidity at the site of nerve donation. Decellularized cadaveric nerve tissue alleviates some of these limitations and has demonstrated success clinically. We previously developed an alternative apoptosis-assisted decellularization process for nerve tissue. This new process may result in an ideal scaffold for peripheral nerve regeneration by gently removing cells and antigens while preserving delicate topographical cues. In addition, the apoptosis-assisted process requires less active processing time and is inexpensive. This study examines the utility of apoptosis-decellularized peripheral nerve scaffolds compared to detergent-decellularized peripheral nerve scaffolds and isograft controls in a rat nerve gap model. Results indicate that, at 8 weeks post-injury, apoptosis-decellularized peripheral nerve scaffolds perform similarly to detergent-decellularized and isograft controls in both functional (muscle weight recovery, gait analysis) and histological measures (neurofilament staining, macrophage infiltration). These new apoptosis-decellularized scaffolds hold great promise to provide a less expensive scaffold for nerve injury repair, with the potential to improve nerve regeneration and functional outcomes compared to current detergent-decellularized scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Wachs
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Steven M Wellman
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Stacy L Porvasnik
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Emily H Lakes
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - R Chase Cornelison
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Young Hye Song
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Kyle D Allen
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Christine E Schmidt
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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14
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Moffat D, Ye K, Jin S. Decellularization for the retention of tissue niches. J Tissue Eng 2022; 13:20417314221101151. [PMID: 35620656 PMCID: PMC9128068 DOI: 10.1177/20417314221101151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Decellularization of natural tissues to produce extracellular matrix is a promising method for three-dimensional scaffolding and for understanding microenvironment of the tissue of interest. Due to the lack of a universal standard protocol for tissue decellularization, recent investigations seek to develop novel methods for whole or partial organ decellularization capable of supporting cell differentiation and implantation towards appropriate tissue regeneration. This review provides a comprehensive and updated perspective on the most recent advances in decellularization strategies for a variety of organs and tissues, highlighting techniques of chemical, physical, biological, enzymatic, or combinative-based methods to remove cellular contents from tissues. In addition, the review presents modernized approaches for improving standard decellularization protocols for numerous organ types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deana Moffat
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, State University of New York (SUNY), Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Kaiming Ye
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, State University of New York (SUNY), Binghamton, NY, USA
- Center of Biomanufacturing for Regenerative Medicine, Binghamton University, State University of New York (SUNY), Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Sha Jin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, State University of New York (SUNY), Binghamton, NY, USA
- Center of Biomanufacturing for Regenerative Medicine, Binghamton University, State University of New York (SUNY), Binghamton, NY, USA
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15
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Neishabouri A, Soltani Khaboushan A, Daghigh F, Kajbafzadeh AM, Majidi Zolbin M. Decellularization in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine: Evaluation, Modification, and Application Methods. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:805299. [PMID: 35547166 PMCID: PMC9081537 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.805299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Reproduction of different tissues using scaffolds and materials is a major element in regenerative medicine. The regeneration of whole organs with decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) has remained a goal despite the use of these materials for different purposes. Recently, decellularization techniques have been widely used in producing scaffolds that are appropriate for regenerating damaged organs and may be able to overcome the shortage of donor organs. Decellularized ECM offers several advantages over synthetic compounds, including the preserved natural microenvironment features. Different decellularization methods have been developed, each of which is appropriate for removing cells from specific tissues under certain conditions. A variety of methods have been advanced for evaluating the decellularization process in terms of cell removal efficiency, tissue ultrastructure preservation, toxicity, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and mechanical resistance in order to enhance the efficacy of decellularization methods. Modification techniques improve the characteristics of decellularized scaffolds, making them available for the regeneration of damaged tissues. Moreover, modification of scaffolds makes them appropriate options for drug delivery, disease modeling, and improving stem cells growth and proliferation. However, considering different challenges in the way of decellularization methods and application of decellularized scaffolds, this field is constantly developing and progressively moving forward. This review has outlined recent decellularization and sterilization strategies, evaluation tests for efficient decellularization, materials processing, application, and challenges and future outlooks of decellularization in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afarin Neishabouri
- Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Children’s Medical Center, Pediatric Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Soltani Khaboushan
- Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Children’s Medical Center, Pediatric Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
- Students’ Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Daghigh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abdol-Mohammad Kajbafzadeh
- Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Children’s Medical Center, Pediatric Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Masoumeh Majidi Zolbin, ; Abdol-Mohammad Kajbafzadeh,
| | - Masoumeh Majidi Zolbin
- Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Children’s Medical Center, Pediatric Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Masoumeh Majidi Zolbin, ; Abdol-Mohammad Kajbafzadeh,
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16
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Zhang X, Chen X, Hong H, Hu R, Liu J, Liu C. Decellularized extracellular matrix scaffolds: Recent trends and emerging strategies in tissue engineering. Bioact Mater 2022; 10:15-31. [PMID: 34901526 PMCID: PMC8637010 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 104.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The application of scaffolding materials is believed to hold enormous potential for tissue regeneration. Despite the widespread application and rapid advance of several tissue-engineered scaffolds such as natural and synthetic polymer-based scaffolds, they have limited repair capacity due to the difficulties in overcoming the immunogenicity, simulating in-vivo microenvironment, and performing mechanical or biochemical properties similar to native organs/tissues. Fortunately, the emergence of decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) scaffolds provides an attractive way to overcome these hurdles, which mimic an optimal non-immune environment with native three-dimensional structures and various bioactive components. The consequent cell-seeded construct based on dECM scaffolds, especially stem cell-recellularized construct, is considered an ideal choice for regenerating functional organs/tissues. Herein, we review recent developments in dECM scaffolds and put forward perspectives accordingly, with particular focus on the concept and fabrication of decellularized scaffolds, as well as the application of decellularized scaffolds and their combinations with stem cells (recellularized scaffolds) in tissue engineering, including skin, bone, nerve, heart, along with lung, liver and kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hua Hong
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Rubei Hu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Jiashang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Changsheng Liu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
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17
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Naso F, Gandaglia A. Can Heart Valve Decellularization Be Standardized? A Review of the Parameters Used for the Quality Control of Decellularization Processes. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:830899. [PMID: 35252139 PMCID: PMC8891751 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.830899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
When a tissue or an organ is considered, the attention inevitably falls on the complex and delicate mechanisms regulating the correct interaction of billions of cells that populate it. However, the most critical component for the functionality of specific tissue or organ is not the cell, but the cell-secreted three-dimensional structure known as the extracellular matrix (ECM). Without the presence of an adequate ECM, there would be no optimal support and stimuli for the cellular component to replicate, communicate and interact properly, thus compromising cell dynamics and behaviour and contributing to the loss of tissue-specific cellular phenotype and functions. The limitations of the current bioprosthetic implantable medical devices have led researchers to explore tissue engineering constructs, predominantly using animal tissues as a potentially unlimited source of materials. The high homology of the protein sequences that compose the mammalian ECM, can be exploited to convert a soft animal tissue into a human autologous functional and long-lasting prosthesis ensuring the viability of the cells and maintaining the proper biomechanical function. Decellularization has been shown to be a highly promising technique to generate tissue-specific ECM-derived products for multiple applications, although it might comprise very complex processes that involve the simultaneous use of chemical, biochemical, physical and enzymatic protocols. Several different approaches have been reported in the literature for the treatment of bone, cartilage, adipose, dermal, neural and cardiovascular tissues, as well as skeletal muscle, tendons and gastrointestinal tract matrices. However, most of these reports refer to experimental data. This paper reviews the most common and latest decellularization approaches that have been adopted in cardiovascular tissue engineering. The efficacy of cells removal was specifically reviewed and discussed, together with the parameters that could be used as quality control markers for the evaluation of the effectiveness of decellularization and tissue biocompatibility. The purpose was to provide a panel of parameters that can be shared and taken into consideration by the scientific community to achieve more efficient, comparable, and reliable experimental research results and a faster technology transfer to the market.
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18
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Louisthelmy R, Burke BM, Cornelison RC. Brain Cancer Cell-Derived Matrices and Effects on Astrocyte Migration. Cells Tissues Organs 2022; 212:21-31. [PMID: 35168244 PMCID: PMC9376193 DOI: 10.1159/000522609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-derived matrices are useful tools for studying the extracellular matrix (ECM) of different cell types and testing the effects on cell migration or wound repair. These matrices typically are generated using extended culture with ascorbic acid to boost ECM production. Applying this technique to cancer cell cultures could advance the study of cancer ECM and its effects on recruitment and training of the tumor microenvironment, but ascorbic acid is potently cytotoxic to cancer cells. Macromolecular crowding (MMC) agents can also be added to increase matrix deposition based on the excluded volume principle. We report the use of MMC alone as an effective strategy to generate brain cancer cell-derived matrices for downstream analyses and cell migration studies. We cultured the mouse glioblastoma cell line GL261 for 1 week in the presence of three previously reported MMC agents (carrageenan, Ficoll 70/400, and hyaluronic acid). We measured the resulting deposition of collagens and sulfated glycosaminoglycans using quantitative assays, as well as other matrix components by immunostaining. Both carrageenan and Ficoll promoted significantly more accumulation of total collagen content, sulfated glycosaminoglycan content, and fibronectin staining. Only Ficoll, however, also demonstrated a significant increase in collagen I staining. The results were more variable in 3D spheroid culture. We focused on Ficoll MMC matrices, which were isolated using the small molecule Raptinal to induce cancer cell apoptosis and matrix decellularization. The cancer cell-derived matrix promoted significantly faster migration of human astrocytes in a scratch wound assay, which may be explained by focal adhesion morphology and an increase in cellular metabolic activity. Ultimately, these data show MMC culture is a useful technique to generate cancer cell-derived matrices and study the effects on stromal cell migration related to wound repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Louisthelmy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 10002
| | - Brycen M Burke
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 10002
| | - R Chase Cornelison
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 10002
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 10002
- Neuroscience and Behavior Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 10002
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19
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Gholami K, Solhjoo S, Aghamir SMK. Application of Tissue-Specific Extracellular Matrix in Tissue Engineering: Focus on Male Fertility Preservation. Reprod Sci 2022; 29:3091-3099. [PMID: 35028926 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00823-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In vitro spermatogenesis and xenotransplantation of the immature testicular tissues (ITT) are the experimental approaches that have been developed for creating seminiferous tubules-like functional structures in vitro and keeping the integrity of the ITTs in vivo, respectively. These strategies are rapidly developing in response to the growing prevalence of infertility in adolescent boys undergoing cancer treatment, by the logic that there is no sperm cryopreservation option for them. Recently, with the advances made in the field of tissue engineering and biomaterials, these methods have achieved promising results for fertility preservation. Due to the importance of extracellular matrix for the formation of vascular bed around the grafted ITTs and also the creation of spatial arrangements between Sertoli cells and germ cells, today it is clear that the scaffold plays a very important role in the success of these methods. Decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) as a biocompatible, functionally graded, and biodegradable scaffold with having tissue-specific components and growth factors can support reorganization and physiologic processes of originated cells. This review discusses the common protocols for the tissue decellularization, sterilization, and hydrogel formation of the decellularized and lyophilized tissues as well as in vitro and in vivo studies on the use of the testis-derived dECM for testicular organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keykavos Gholami
- Urology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Solhjoo
- Department of Anatomy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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20
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Sajed R, Zarnani A, Madjd Z, Arefi S, Bolouri MR, Vafaei S, Samadikuchaksaraei A, Gholipourmalekabadi M, Haghighipour N, Ghods R. Introduction of an efficient method for placenta decellularization with high potential to preserve ultrastructure and support cell attachment. Artif Organs 2022; 46:375-386. [DOI: 10.1111/aor.14162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roya Sajed
- Department of Molecular Medicine Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS) Tehran Iran
- Oncopathology Research Center Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS) Tehran Iran
| | - Amir‐Hassan Zarnani
- Department of Immunology School of Public Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) Tehran Iran
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center Avicenna Research Institute (ACECR) Tehran Iran
| | - Zahra Madjd
- Department of Molecular Medicine Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS) Tehran Iran
- Oncopathology Research Center Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS) Tehran Iran
| | - Soheila Arefi
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center Avicenna Research Institute (ACECR) Tehran Iran
- Genetics and In Vitro Assisted Reproductive (GIVAR) Center Erfan Hospital Tehran Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Bolouri
- Department of Immunology Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS) Tehran Iran
| | - Sedigheh Vafaei
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center Avicenna Research Institute (ACECR) Tehran Iran
| | - Ali Samadikuchaksaraei
- Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS) Tehran Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS) Tehran Iran
| | - Mazaher Gholipourmalekabadi
- Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS) Tehran Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS) Tehran Iran
| | | | - Roya Ghods
- Department of Molecular Medicine Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS) Tehran Iran
- Oncopathology Research Center Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS) Tehran Iran
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21
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Nieto-Nicolau N, López-Chicón P, Torrico C, Bolívar S, Contreras-Carreton E, Udina E, Navarro X, Casaroli-Marano RP, Fariñas O, Vilarrodona A. "Off-the-Shelf" Nerve Matrix Preservation. Biopreserv Biobank 2021; 20:48-58. [PMID: 34542324 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2020.0158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Decellularized human nerves overcome the limitations of the current treatments for large peripheral nerve injuries. However, the use of decellularized nerves requires an "off-the-shelf" availability for useful and actual clinical application. In this study, we addressed the preservation of the native and decellularized human nerve matrix in an integrative approach for tissue scaffold production. Materials and Methods: For native nerve matrix preservation analysis, we used histological examination and immunofluorescence to examine the structure, biomechanical assays to evaluate the tensile strength and Young's modulus, and analyzed the extracellular matrix (ECM) composition using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and biochemical assays for laminin, collagen and sulfated glycosaminoglycans (sGAG). After decellularization, nuclear remnants and DNA content were evaluated using 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining and the picogreen quantification assay, as well as immunofluorescence or ELISA for cell rests (S100 protein and myelin staining) evaluation. Decellularized cryopreserved scaffolds were assayed for biomechanics, ECM composition, and structural maintenance. Cytotoxicity assays were performed to evaluate the biocompatibility of the nerve matrix extracts after cryopreservation. Results: We compared different strategies for native nerve storage and found that preservation up to 7 days at 4°C in Roswell Park Memorial Institute medium maintained biomechanical properties, such as Young's modulus and tensile strength, along with the structure and ECM composition, regarding laminin, collagen, and sGAG. After a successful decellularization process, that eliminated cell remnants, nerve scaffolds were frozen in an "in house" formulated cryoprotectant, using an automatic controlled rate freezer. Nerve structure, ECM composition, and biomechanical properties were maintained before and after the freezing process in comparison with native nerves. The extracts of the nerve scaffolds after thawing were not cytotoxic and the freezing process sustained good viability in 3T3 cells (graphical abstract). Conclusion: Since our approach facilitates transport, storage, and provide a ready-to-use alternative, it could be used in a clinical application for the treatment of long-gap peripheral nerve injuries in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Nieto-Nicolau
- Barcelona Tissue Bank (BTB), Banc de Sang i Teixits (BST), Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau; SGR1113), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patricia López-Chicón
- Barcelona Tissue Bank (BTB), Banc de Sang i Teixits (BST), Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau; SGR1113), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Torrico
- Barcelona Tissue Bank (BTB), Banc de Sang i Teixits (BST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Bolívar
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neuroscience, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, and CIBERNED, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Estefania Contreras-Carreton
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neuroscience, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, and CIBERNED, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Esther Udina
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neuroscience, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, and CIBERNED, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Xavier Navarro
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neuroscience, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, and CIBERNED, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Ricardo P Casaroli-Marano
- Barcelona Tissue Bank (BTB), Banc de Sang i Teixits (BST), Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau; SGR1113), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine & Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oscar Fariñas
- Barcelona Tissue Bank (BTB), Banc de Sang i Teixits (BST), Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau; SGR1113), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Vilarrodona
- Barcelona Tissue Bank (BTB), Banc de Sang i Teixits (BST), Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau; SGR1113), Barcelona, Spain
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22
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Safdari M, Bibak B, Soltani H, Hashemi J. Recent advancements in decellularized matrix technology for bone tissue engineering. Differentiation 2021; 121:25-34. [PMID: 34454348 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The native extracellular matrix (ECM) provides a matrix to hold tissue/organ, defines the cellular fate and function, and retains growth factors. Such a matrix is considered as a most biomimetic scaffold for tissue engineering due to the biochemical and biological components, 3D hierarchical structure, and physicomechanical properties. Several attempts have been performed to decellularize allo- or xeno-graft tissues and used them for bone repairing and regeneration. Decellularized ECM (dECM) technology has been developed to create an in vivo-like microenvironment to promote cell adhesion, growth, and differentiation for tissue repair and regeneration. Decellularization is mediated through physical, chemical, and enzymatic methods. In this review, we describe the recent progress in bone decellularization and their applications as a scaffold, hydrogel, bioink, or particles in bone tissue engineering. Furthermore, we address the native dECM limitations and the potential of non-bone dECM, cell-based ECM, and engineered ECM (eECM) for in vitro osteogenic differentiation and in vivo bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Safdari
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Bahram Bibak
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran; Research Center of Natural Products Safety and Medicinal Plants, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Hoseinali Soltani
- Department of General Surgery, Imam Ali Hospital, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Javad Hashemi
- Research Center of Natural Products Safety and Medicinal Plants, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran; Department of Pathobiology and Laboratory Sciences, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran.
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23
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Vasanthan KS, Srinivasan V, Pandita D. Extracellular matrix extraction techniques and applications in biomedical engineering. Regen Med 2021; 16:775-802. [PMID: 34427104 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2021-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of tissue engineering involves regeneration and repair of damaged tissue and organs using various combinations of cells, growth factors and scaffolds. The extracellular matrix (ECM) forms the integral part of the scaffold to induce cell proliferation thereby leading to new tissue formation. Decellularization technique provides decellularized ECM (dECM), free of cells while preserving the in vivo biomolecules. In this review, we focus on the detailed methodology of diverse decellularization techniques for various organs of different animals, and the biomedical applications employing the dECM. A culmination of different methods of decellularization is optimized, which offers a suitable microenvironment mimicking the native in vivo topography for in vitro organ regeneration. A detailed assessment of the dECM provides information on the microarchitecture, presence of ECM proteins, biocompatibility and cell proliferation. dECM has also been processed as scaffolds and drug-delivery vehicles, and utilized for regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirthanashri S Vasanthan
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida, 201313, India
| | | | - Deepti Pandita
- Delhi Pharmaceutical Science & Research University, Government of NCT of Delhi, New Delhi, 110017, India
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24
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Tan J, Zhang QY, Huang LP, Huang K, Xie HQ. Decellularized scaffold and its elicited immune response towards the host: the underlying mechanism and means of immunomodulatory modification. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:4803-4820. [PMID: 34018503 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00470k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The immune response of the host towards a decellularized scaffold is complex. Not only can a number of immune cells influence this process, but also the characteristics, preparation and modification of the decellularized scaffold can significantly impact this reaction. Such factors can, together or alone, trigger immune cells to polarize towards either a pro-healing or pro-inflammatory direction. In this article, we have comprehensively reviewed factors which may influence the immune response of the host towards a decellularized scaffold, including the source of the biomaterial, biophysical properties or modifications of the scaffolds with bioactive peptides, drugs and cytokines. Furthermore, the underlying mechanism has also been recapitulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tan
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, Med-X Center for Materials, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China.
| | - Qing-Yi Zhang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, Med-X Center for Materials, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China.
| | - Li-Ping Huang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, Med-X Center for Materials, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China.
| | - Kai Huang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, Med-X Center for Materials, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China.
| | - Hui-Qi Xie
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, Med-X Center for Materials, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China.
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25
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Song YH, Maynes MA, Hlavac N, Visosevic D, Daramola KO, Porvasnik SL, Schmidt CE. Development of novel apoptosis-assisted lung tissue decellularization methods. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:3485-3498. [PMID: 33949462 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00032b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Decellularized tissues hold great potential for both regenerative medicine and disease modeling applications. The acellular extracellular matrix (ECM)-enriched scaffolds can be recellularized with patient-derived cells prior to transplantation, or digested to create thermally-gelling ECM hydrogels for 3D cell culture. Current methods of decellularization clear cellular components using detergents, which can result in loss of ECM proteins and tissue architectural integrity. Recently, an alternative approach utilizing apoptosis to decellularize excised murine sciatic nerves resulted in superior ECM preservation, cell removal, and immune tolerance in vivo. However, this apoptosis-assisted decellularization approach has not been optimized for other tissues with a more complex geometry, such as lungs. To this end, we developed an apoptosis-assisted lung tissue decellularization method using a combination of camptothecin and sulfobetaine-10 (SB-10) to induce apoptosis and facilitate gentle and effective removal of cell debris, respectively. Importantly, combination of the two agents resulted in superior cell removal and ECM preservation compared to either of the treatments alone, presumably because of pulmonary surfactants. In addition, our method was superior in cell removal compared to a previously established detergent-based decellularization protocol. Furthermore, thermally-gelling lung ECM hydrogels supported high viability of rat lung epithelial cells for up to 2 weeks in culture. This work demonstrates that apoptosis-based lung tissue decellularization is a superior technique that warrants further utilization for both regenerative medicine and disease modeling purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Hye Song
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA. and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA.
| | - Mark A Maynes
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Nora Hlavac
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Daniel Visosevic
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Kaitlyn O Daramola
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Stacy L Porvasnik
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Christine E Schmidt
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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26
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Yu T, Wen L, He J, Xu Y, Li T, Wang W, Ma Y, Ahmad MA, Tian X, Fan J, Wang X, Hagiwara H, Ao Q. Fabrication and evaluation of an optimized acellular nerve allograft with multiple axial channels. Acta Biomater 2020; 115:235-249. [PMID: 32771587 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Acellular nerve allografts are promising alternatives to autologous nerve grafts, but still have many drawbacks which greatly limit their curative effects. Here, we developed an optimized acellular nerve allograft with multiple axial channels by a modified decellularization method. These allografts were confirmed to preserve more extracellular matrix components and factors, and remove cellular components effectively. Meanwhile, macrochannels and microchannels were introduced to optimize internal microstructure of allografts, which increases porosity and water absorption, without significant loss of mechanical strength. The in vitro experiments demonstrated that the multichannel allografts showed superior ability of facilitating proliferation and penetration of Schwann cells. Additionally, in the in vivo experiments, the multichannel allografts were used to bridge 10 mm rat sciatic nerve defects. They exhibited better capacity to guide regenerative nerve fibers through the defective segment and restore innervation of target organs, thus achieving better recovery of muscle and motor function, in comparison with conventional acellular allografts. These findings indicate that this multichannel acellular nerve allograft has great potential for clinical application and provides a new prospective for future investigations of nerve regeneration. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Acellular nerve allografts, with preservation of natural extracellular matrix, are officially approved to repair peripheral nerve injury in some countries. However, bioactive component loss and compact internal structure result in variable clinical effects of conventional acellular allografts. In the present study, we fabricated an optimized acellular nerve allograft with multiple axial channels, which could both enable decellularization to be easily accomplished and reduce the amount of detergents in the preparation process. Characterization of the multichannel acellular allografts was confirmed to have better preservation of ECM bioactive molecules and regenerative factors. Efficiency evaluation showed the multichannel allografts could facilitate Schwann cells to migrate inside them in vitro, and enhance regrowth and myelination of axons as well as recovery of muscle and motor function in vivo.
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27
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Chakraborty J, Roy S, Ghosh S. Regulation of decellularized matrix mediated immune response. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:1194-1215. [PMID: 31930231 DOI: 10.1039/c9bm01780a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The substantially growing gap between suitable donors and patients waiting for new organ transplantation has compelled tissue engineers to look for suitable patient-specific alternatives. Lately, a decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM), obtained primarily from either discarded human tissues/organs or other species, has shown great promise in the constrained availability of high-quality donor tissues. In this review, we have addressed critical gaps and often-ignored aspects of understanding the innate and adaptive immune response to the dECM. Firstly, although most of the studies claim preservation of the ECM ultrastructure, almost all methods employed for decellularization would inevitably cause a certain degree of disruption to the ECM ultrastructure and modulation in secondary conformations, which may elicit a distinct immunogenic response. Secondly, it is still a major challenge to find ways to conserve the native biochemical, structural and biomechanical cues by making a judicious decision regarding the choice of decellularization agents/techniques. We have critically analyzed various decellularization protocols and tried to find answers on various aspects such as whether the secondary structural conformation of dECM proteins would be preserved after decellularization. Thirdly, to keep the dECM ultrastructure as close to the native ECM we have raised the question "How good is good enough?" Even residual cellular antigens or nucleic acid fragments may elicit antigenicity leading to a low-grade immune response. A combinative knowledge of macrophage plasticity in the decellularized tissue and limits of decellularization will help achieve the native ultrastructure. Lastly, we have shifted our focus on the scientific basis of the presently accepted criteria for decellularization, and the effect on immune response concerning the interaction between the decellularized extracellular matrix and macrophages with the subsequent influence of T-cell activation. Amalgamating suitable decellularization approaches, sufficient knowledge of macrophage plasticity and elucidation of molecular pathways together will help fabricate functional immune informed decellularized tissues in vitro that will have substantial implications for efficient clinical translation and prediction for in vivo reprogramming and tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhi Chakraborty
- Regenerative Engineering Laboratory, Department of Textile & Fibre Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, 110016 India.
| | - Subhadeep Roy
- Regenerative Engineering Laboratory, Department of Textile & Fibre Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, 110016 India.
| | - Sourabh Ghosh
- Regenerative Engineering Laboratory, Department of Textile & Fibre Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, 110016 India.
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28
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Mendibil U, Ruiz-Hernandez R, Retegi-Carrion S, Garcia-Urquia N, Olalde-Graells B, Abarrategi A. Tissue-Specific Decellularization Methods: Rationale and Strategies to Achieve Regenerative Compounds. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5447. [PMID: 32751654 PMCID: PMC7432490 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex network with multiple functions, including specific functions during tissue regeneration. Precisely, the properties of the ECM have been thoroughly used in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine research, aiming to restore the function of damaged or dysfunctional tissues. Tissue decellularization is gaining momentum as a technique to obtain potentially implantable decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) with well-preserved key components. Interestingly, the tissue-specific dECM is becoming a feasible option to carry out regenerative medicine research, with multiple advantages compared to other approaches. This review provides an overview of the most common methods used to obtain the dECM and summarizes the strategies adopted to decellularize specific tissues, aiming to provide a helpful guide for future research development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unai Mendibil
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; (U.M.); (R.R.-H.); (S.R.-C.)
- TECNALIA, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20009 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; (N.G.-U.); (B.O.-G.)
| | - Raquel Ruiz-Hernandez
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; (U.M.); (R.R.-H.); (S.R.-C.)
| | - Sugoi Retegi-Carrion
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; (U.M.); (R.R.-H.); (S.R.-C.)
| | - Nerea Garcia-Urquia
- TECNALIA, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20009 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; (N.G.-U.); (B.O.-G.)
| | - Beatriz Olalde-Graells
- TECNALIA, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20009 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; (N.G.-U.); (B.O.-G.)
| | - Ander Abarrategi
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; (U.M.); (R.R.-H.); (S.R.-C.)
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
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29
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McCrary MW, Bousalis D, Mobini S, Song YH, Schmidt CE. Decellularized tissues as platforms for in vitro modeling of healthy and diseased tissues. Acta Biomater 2020; 111:1-19. [PMID: 32464269 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Biomedical engineers are at the forefront of developing novel treatments to improve human health, however, many products fail to translate to clinical implementation. In vivo pre-clinical animal models, although the current best approximation of complex disease conditions, are limited by reproducibility, ethical concerns, and poor accurate prediction of human response. Hence, there is a need to develop physiologically relevant, low cost, scalable, and reproducible in vitro platforms to provide reliable means for testing drugs, biomaterials, and tissue engineered products for successful clinical translation. One emerging approach of developing physiologically relevant in vitro models utilizes decellularized tissues/organs as biomaterial platforms for 2D and 3D models of healthy and diseased tissue. Decellularization is a process that removes cellular content and produces tissue-specific extracellular matrix scaffolds that can more accurately recapitulate an organ/tissue's native microenvironment compared to other natural or synthetic materials. Decellularized tissues hold enormous potential for in vitro modeling of various disease phenotypes and tissue responses to drugs or external conditions such as aging, toxin exposure, or even implantation. In this review, we highlight the need for in vitro models, the advantages and limitations of implementing decellularized tissues, and considerations of the decellularization process. We discuss current research efforts towards applying decellularized tissues as platforms to generate in vitro models of healthy and diseased tissues, and where we foresee the field progressing. A variety of organs/tissues are discussed, including brain, heart, kidney, large intestine, liver, lung, skeletal muscle, skin, and tongue. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Many biomedical products fail to reach clinical translation due to animal model limitations. Development of physiologically relevant in vitro models can provide a more economic, scalable, and reproducible means of testing drugs/therapeutics for successful clinical translation. The use of decellularized tissues as platforms for in vitro models holds promise, as these scaffolds can effectively replicate native tissue complexity, but is not widely explored. This review discusses the need for in vitro models, the promise of decellularized tissues as biomaterial substrates, and the current research applying decellularized tissues towards the creation of in vitro models. Further, this review provides insights into the current limitations and future of such in vitro models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela W McCrary
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, 1275 Center Dr. BMS J257, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States.
| | - Deanna Bousalis
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, 1275 Center Dr. BMS J257, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States.
| | - Sahba Mobini
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, 1275 Center Dr. BMS J257, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States; Instituto de Micro y Nanotechnología, IMN-CNM, CSIC (CEI UAM+CSIC), Calle Isaac Newton 8, 28760 Madrid, Tres Cantos, Spain; Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle Nicolás Cabrera, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Young Hye Song
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, 1275 Center Dr. BMS J257, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, 134 White Hall, Fayetteville, AR 72701, United States.
| | - Christine E Schmidt
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, 1275 Center Dr. BMS J257, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States.
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30
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Liao J, Xu B, Zhang R, Fan Y, Xie H, Li X. Applications of decellularized materials in tissue engineering: advantages, drawbacks and current improvements, and future perspectives. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:10023-10049. [PMID: 33053004 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01534b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Decellularized materials (DMs) are attracting more and more attention in tissue engineering because of their many unique advantages, and they could be further improved in some aspects through various means.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liao
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering
- Beihang University
- Beijing 100083
| | - Bo Xu
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering
- Beihang University
- Beijing 100083
| | - Ruihong Zhang
- Department of Research and Teaching
- the Fourth Central Hospital of Baoding City
- Baoding 072350
- China
| | - Yubo Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering
- Beihang University
- Beijing 100083
| | - Huiqi Xie
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center
- West China Hospital
- Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy
- Chengdu 610041
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering
- Beihang University
- Beijing 100083
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31
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Buckenmeyer MJ, Meder TJ, Prest TA, Brown BN. Decellularization techniques and their applications for the repair and regeneration of the nervous system. Methods 2019; 171:41-61. [PMID: 31398392 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2019.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A variety of surgical and non-surgical approaches have been used to address the impacts of nervous system injuries, which can lead to either impairment or a complete loss of function for affected patients. The inherent ability of nervous tissues to repair and/or regenerate is dampened due to irreversible changes that occur within the tissue remodeling microenvironment following injury. Specifically, dysregulation of the extracellular matrix (i.e., scarring) has been suggested as one of the major factors that can directly impair normal cell function and could significantly alter the regenerative potential of these tissues. A number of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine-based approaches have been suggested to intervene in the process of remodeling which occurs following injury. Decellularization has become an increasingly popular technique used to obtain acellular scaffolds, and their derivatives (hydrogels, etc.), which retain tissue-specific components, including critical structural and functional proteins. These advantageous characteristics make this approach an intriguing option for creating materials capable of stimulating the sensitive repair mechanisms associated with nervous system injuries. Over the past decade, several diverse decellularization methods have been implemented specifically for nervous system applications in an attempt to carefully remove cellular content while preserving tissue morphology and composition. Each application-based decellularized ECM product requires carefully designed treatments that preserve the unique biochemical signatures associated within each tissue type to stimulate the repair of brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerve tissues. Herein, we review the decellularization techniques that have been applied to create biomaterials with the potential to promote the repair and regeneration of tissues within the central and peripheral nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Buckenmeyer
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, United States.
| | - Tyler J Meder
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, United States.
| | - Travis A Prest
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, United States.
| | - Bryan N Brown
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, United States; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, United States; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, United States.
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