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Wancura M, Nkansah A, Robinson A, Toubbeh S, Talanker M, Jones S, Cosgriff-Hernandez E. PEG-Based Hydrogel Coatings: Design Tools for Biomedical Applications. Ann Biomed Eng 2024; 52:1804-1815. [PMID: 36774427 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-023-03154-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Device failure due to undesired biological responses remains a substantial roadblock in the development and translation of new devices into clinical care. Polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based hydrogel coatings can be used to confer antifouling properties to medical devices-enabling minimization of biological responses such as bacterial infection, thrombosis, and foreign body reactions. Application of hydrogel coatings to diverse substrates requires careful consideration of multiple material factors. Herein, we report a systematic investigation of two coating methods: (1) traditional photoinitiated hydrogel coatings; (2) diffusion-mediated, redox-initiated hydrogel coatings. The effects of method, substrate, and compositional variables on the resulting hydrogel coating thickness are presented. To expand the redox-based method to include high molecular weight macromers, a mechanistic investigation of the role of cure rate and macromer viscosity was necessary to balance solution infiltration and gelation. Overall, these structure-property relationships provide users with a toolbox for hydrogel coating design for a broad range of medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Wancura
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Abbey Nkansah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Andrew Robinson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Shireen Toubbeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Michael Talanker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Sarah Jones
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Elizabeth Cosgriff-Hernandez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W. Dean Keeton, BME Building, Room 3.503D, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
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2
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Tong Q, Cai J, Wang Z, Sun Y, Liang X, Xu Q, Mahamoud OA, Qian Y, Qian Z. Recent Advances in the Modification and Improvement of Bioprosthetic Heart Valves. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2309844. [PMID: 38279610 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Valvular heart disease (VHD) has become a burden and a growing public health problem in humans, causing significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. An increasing number of patients with severe VHD need to undergo heart valve replacement surgery, and artificial heart valves are in high demand. However, allogeneic valves from donors are lacking and cannot meet clinical practice needs. A mechanical heart valve can activate the coagulation pathway after contact with blood after implantation in the cardiovascular system, leading to thrombosis. Therefore, bioprosthetic heart valves (BHVs) are still a promising way to solve this problem. However, there are still challenges in the use of BHVs. For example, their longevity is still unsatisfactory due to the defects, such as thrombosis, structural valve degeneration, calcification, insufficient re-endothelialization, and the inflammatory response. Therefore, strategies and methods are needed to effectively improve the biocompatibility and longevity of BHVs. This review describes the recent research advances in BHVs and strategies to improve their biocompatibility and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Tong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, #37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Jie Cai
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, #37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Zhengjie Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, #37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Yiren Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, #37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Xuyue Liang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, #37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Qiyue Xu
- School of Basic Medicine, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang, 157011, P. R. China
| | - Oumar Abdel Mahamoud
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, #37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Yongjun Qian
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, #37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Qian
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, #37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China
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3
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Crago M, Lee A, Hoang TP, Talebian S, Naficy S. Protein adsorption on blood-contacting surfaces: A thermodynamic perspective to guide the design of antithrombogenic polymer coatings. Acta Biomater 2024; 180:46-60. [PMID: 38615811 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Blood-contacting medical devices often succumb to thrombosis, limiting their durability and safety in clinical applications. Thrombosis is fundamentally initiated by the nonspecific adsorption of proteins to the material surface, which is strongly governed by thermodynamic factors established by the nature of the interaction between the material surface, surrounding water molecules, and the protein itself. Along these lines, different surface materials (such as polymeric, metallic, ceramic, or composite) induce different entropic and enthalpic changes at the surface-protein interface, with material wettability significantly impacting this behavior. Consequently, protein adsorption on medical devices can be modulated by altering their wettability and surface energy. A plethora of polymeric coating modifications have been utilized for this purpose; hydrophobic modifications may promote or inhibit protein adsorption determined by van der Waals forces, while hydrophilic materials achieve this by mainly relying on hydrogen bonding, or unbalanced/balanced electrostatic interactions. This review offers a cohesive understanding of the thermodynamics governing these phenomena, to specifically aid in the design and selection of hemocompatible polymeric coatings for biomedical applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Blood-contacting medical devices often succumb to thrombosis, limiting their durability and safety in clinical applications. A plethora of polymeric coating modifications have been utilized for addressing this issue. This review offers a cohesive understanding of the thermodynamics governing these phenomena, to specifically aid in the design and selection of hemocompatible polymeric coatings for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Crago
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW 2008, Australia
| | - Aeryne Lee
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW 2008, Australia
| | - Thanh Phuong Hoang
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW 2008, Australia
| | - Sepehr Talebian
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW 2008, Australia.
| | - Sina Naficy
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW 2008, Australia.
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4
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Li L, Yu Y, Sun X, Wang X, Yang X, Yu Q, Kang K, Wu Y, Yi Q. Pro-endothelialization of nitinol alloy cardiovascular stents enhanced by the programmed assembly of exosomes and endothelial affinity peptide. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:4184-4196. [PMID: 38592788 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00363b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Stent implantation is one of the most effective methods for the treatment of atherosclerosis. Nitinol stent is a type of stent with good biocompatibility and relatively mature development; however, it cannot effectively achieve long-term anticoagulation and early endothelialization. In this study, nitinol surfaces with the programmed assembly of heparin, exosomes from endothelial cells, and endothelial affinity peptide (REDV) were fabricated through layer-by-layer assembly technology and click-chemistry, and then exosomes/REDV-modified nitinol interface (ACC-Exo-REDV) was prepared. ACC-Exo-REDV could promote the rapid proliferation and adhesion of endothelial cells and achieve anticoagulant function in the blood. Besides, ACC-Exo-REDV had excellent anti-inflammatory properties and played a positive role in the transformation of macrophage from the pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory phenotype. Ex vivo and in vivo experiments demonstrated the effectiveness of ACC-Exo-REDV in preventing thrombosis and hyperplasia formation. Hence, the programmed assembly of exosome interface could contribute to endothelialization and have potential application on the cardiovascular surface modification to prevent stent thrombosis and restenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linsen Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China.
| | - Yue Yu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaoqing Sun
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China.
| | - Xingyou Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China.
| | - Xiayan Yang
- Chengdu NewMed Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Chengdu 611139, P. R. China
| | - Qifeng Yu
- Chengdu NewMed Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Chengdu 611139, P. R. China
| | - Ke Kang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China.
- Institute of Regulatory Science for Medical Device, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Yao Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China.
| | - Qiangying Yi
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China.
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5
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Jerka D, Bonowicz K, Piekarska K, Gokyer S, Derici US, Hindy OA, Altunay BB, Yazgan I, Steinbrink K, Kleszczyński K, Yilgor P, Gagat M. Unraveling Endothelial Cell Migration: Insights into Fundamental Forces, Inflammation, Biomaterial Applications, and Tissue Regeneration Strategies. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:2054-2069. [PMID: 38520346 PMCID: PMC11022177 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c01227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Cell migration is vital for many fundamental biological processes and human pathologies throughout our life. Dynamic molecular changes in the tissue microenvironment determine modifications of cell movement, which can be reflected either individually or collectively. Endothelial cell (EC) migratory adaptation occurs during several events and phenomena, such as endothelial injury, vasculogenesis, and angiogenesis, under both normal and highly inflammatory conditions. Several advantageous processes can be supported by biomaterials. Endothelial cells are used in combination with various types of biomaterials to design scaffolds promoting the formation of mature blood vessels within tissue engineered structures. Appropriate selection, in terms of scaffolding properties, can promote desirable cell behavior to varying degrees. An increasing amount of research could lead to the creation of the perfect biomaterial for regenerative medicine applications. In this review, we summarize the state of knowledge regarding the possible systems by which inflammation may influence endothelial cell migration. We also describe the fundamental forces governing cell motility with a specific focus on ECs. Additionally, we discuss the biomaterials used for EC culture, which serve to enhance the proliferative, proangiogenic, and promigratory potential of cells. Moreover, we introduce the mechanisms of cell movement and highlight the significance of understanding these mechanisms in the context of designing scaffolds that promote tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Jerka
- Department
of Histology and Embryology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Klaudia Bonowicz
- Department
of Histology and Embryology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Faculty
of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Mazovian
Academy in Płock, 09-402 Płock, Poland
| | - Klaudia Piekarska
- Department
of Histology and Embryology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Seyda Gokyer
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ankara University, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Utku Serhat Derici
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ankara University, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Osama Ali Hindy
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ankara University, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Baris Burak Altunay
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ankara University, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Işıl Yazgan
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ankara University, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Kerstin Steinbrink
- Department
of Dermatology, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 58, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Konrad Kleszczyński
- Department
of Dermatology, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 58, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Pinar Yilgor
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ankara University, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Maciej Gagat
- Department
of Histology and Embryology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Faculty
of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Mazovian
Academy in Płock, 09-402 Płock, Poland
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6
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Xie M, Cao H, Qiao W, Yan G, Qian X, Zhang Y, Xu L, Wen S, Shi J, Cheng M, Dong N. Shear stress activates the Piezo1 channel to facilitate valvular endothelium-oriented differentiation and maturation of human induced pluripotent stem cells. Acta Biomater 2024; 178:181-195. [PMID: 38447808 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Valvular endothelial cells (VECs) derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) provide an unlimited cell source for tissue engineering heart valves (TEHVs); however, they are limited by their low differentiation efficiency and immature function. In our study, we applied unidirectional shear stress to promote hiPSCs differentiation into valvular endothelial-like cells (VELs). Compared to the static group, shear stress efficiently promoted the differentiation and functional maturation of hiPSC-VELs, as demonstrated by the efficiency of endothelial differentiation reaching 98.3% in the high shear stress group (45 dyn/cm2). Furthermore, we found that Piezo1 served as a crucial mechanosensor for the differentiation and maturation of VELs. Mechanistically, the activation of Piezo1 by shear stress resulted in the influx of calcium ions, which in turn initiated the Akt signaling pathway and promoted the differentiation of hiPSCs into mature VELs. Moreover, VELs cultured on decellularized heart valves (DHVs) exhibited a notable propensity for proliferation, robust adhesion properties, and antithrombotic characteristics, which were dependent on the activation of the Piezo1 channel. Overall, our study demonstrated that proper shear stress activated the Piezo1 channel to facilitate the differentiation and maturation of hiPSC-VELs via the Akt pathway, providing a potential cell source for regenerative medicine, drug screening, pathogenesis, and disease modeling. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This is the first research that systematically analyzes the effect of shear stress on valvular endothelial-like cells (VELs) derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). Mechanistically, unidirectional shear stress activates Piezo1, resulting in an elevation of calcium levels, which triggers the Akt signaling pathway and then facilitates the differentiation of functional maturation VELs. After exposure to shear stress, the VELs exhibited enhanced proliferation, robust adhesion capabilities, and antithrombotic characteristics while being cultured on decellularized heart valves. Thus, it is of interest to develop hiPSCs-VELs using shear stress and the Piezo1 channel provides insights into the functional maturation of valvular endothelial cells, thereby serving as a catalyst for potential applications in the development of therapeutic and tissue-engineered heart valves in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Xie
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Hong Cao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Weihua Qiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Ge Yan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430014, China
| | - Xingyu Qian
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yecen Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Shuyu Wen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jiawei Shi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Min Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Nianguo Dong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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7
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Zhang J, Ren K, Qiu J, Chen B, Duan W, Liu J, Li G, Li D. Nanotexture and crystal phase regulation for synergistic enhancement in re-endothelialization on medical pure titanium surface. Mater Today Bio 2024; 25:100968. [PMID: 38312801 PMCID: PMC10835003 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.100968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Re-endothelialization has been recognized as a promising strategy to address the tissue hyperplasia and subsequent restenosis which are major complications associated with vascular implant/interventional titanium devices. However, the uncontrollable over-proliferation of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) limits the clinical application of numerous modified strategies. Herein, a novel modified strategy involving with a two-step anodic oxidation and annealing treatment was proposed to achieve rapid re-endothelialization function regulated by regular honeycomb nanotexture and specific anatase phase on the titanium surface. Theoretical calculation revealed that the presence of nanotexture reduced the polar component of surface energy, while the generation of anatase significantly enhanced the polar component and total surface energy. Meanwhile, the modified surface with regular nanotexture and anatase phase produced positive effect on the expression of CD31, VE-Cadherin and down-regulated α-SMA proteins expression, indicating excellent capacity of pro-endothelial regeneration and inhibition of SMCs proliferation and migration. One-month in vivo implantation in rabbit carotid arteries further confirmed that modified tube implant surface effectively accelerated confluent endothelial monolayer formation and promoted native-like endothelium tissue regeneration. By contrast, original titanium tube implant induced a disorganized tissue proliferation in the lumen with a high risk of restenosis. Collectively, this study opens us an alternative route to achieve the function that selectively promotes endothelial cells (ECs) growth and suppresses SMCs on the medical titanium surface, which has a great potential in facilitating re-endothelialization on the surface of blood-contacting titanium implant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Meili Lake Translational Research Park, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Kai Ren
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Jingru Qiu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Baolan Chen
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Meili Lake Translational Research Park, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Weixun Duan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Jincheng Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Guiling Li
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Meili Lake Translational Research Park, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Donghai Li
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Meili Lake Translational Research Park, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
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8
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Fan Y, Pei J, Qin Y, Du H, Qu X, Li W, Huang B, Tan J, Liu Y, Li G, Ke M, Xu Y, Zhu C. Construction of tissue-engineered vascular grafts with enhanced patency by integrating heparin, cell-adhesive peptide, and carbon monoxide nanogenerators into acellular blood vessels. Bioact Mater 2024; 34:221-236. [PMID: 38235307 PMCID: PMC10792202 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Small-diameter tissue-engineered vascular grafts (sdTEVGs) have garnered significant attention as a potential treatment modality for vascular bypass grafting and replacement therapy. However, the intimal hyperplasia and thrombosis are two major complications that impair graft patency during transplantation. To address this issue, we fabricated the covalent-organic framework (COF)-based carbon monoxide (CO) nanogenerator-and co-immobilized with LXW-7 peptide and heparin to establish a multifunctional surface on TEVGs constructed from acellular blood vessels for preventing thrombosis and stenosis. The cell-adhesive peptide LXW-7 could capture endothelial-forming cells (EFCs) to promote endothelialization, while the antithrombotic molecule heparin prevented thrombus formation. The reactive oxygen species (ROS)-triggered CO release suppressed the adhesion and activation of macrophages, leading to the reduction of ROS and inflammatory factors. As a result, the endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) triggered by inflammation was restricted, facilitating the maintenance of the homeostasis of the neo-endothelium and preventing pathological remodeling in TEVGs. When transplanted in vivo, these vascular grafts exhibited negligible intimal hyperplasia and remained patent for 3 months. This achievement provided a novel approach for constructing antithrombotic and anti-hyperplastic TEVGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Fan
- Department of Anatomy, Engineering Research Center for Organ Intelligent Biological Manufacturing of Chongqing, Key Lab for Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering of Chongqing, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Laboratory of Basic Medicine, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, 610083, China
- Engineering Research Center of Tissue and Organ Regeneration and Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Juan Pei
- Department of Anatomy, Engineering Research Center for Organ Intelligent Biological Manufacturing of Chongqing, Key Lab for Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering of Chongqing, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yinhua Qin
- Department of Anatomy, Engineering Research Center for Organ Intelligent Biological Manufacturing of Chongqing, Key Lab for Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering of Chongqing, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Huifang Du
- Department of Anatomy, Engineering Research Center for Organ Intelligent Biological Manufacturing of Chongqing, Key Lab for Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering of Chongqing, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xiaohang Qu
- Department of Anatomy, Engineering Research Center for Organ Intelligent Biological Manufacturing of Chongqing, Key Lab for Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering of Chongqing, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Wenya Li
- Department of Anatomy, Engineering Research Center for Organ Intelligent Biological Manufacturing of Chongqing, Key Lab for Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering of Chongqing, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Boyue Huang
- Department of Anatomy, Engineering Research Center for Organ Intelligent Biological Manufacturing of Chongqing, Key Lab for Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering of Chongqing, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Ju Tan
- Department of Anatomy, Engineering Research Center for Organ Intelligent Biological Manufacturing of Chongqing, Key Lab for Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering of Chongqing, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Engineering Research Center for Organ Intelligent Biological Manufacturing of Chongqing, Key Lab for Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering of Chongqing, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Anatomy, Engineering Research Center for Organ Intelligent Biological Manufacturing of Chongqing, Key Lab for Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering of Chongqing, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Ming Ke
- Department of Anatomy, Engineering Research Center for Organ Intelligent Biological Manufacturing of Chongqing, Key Lab for Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering of Chongqing, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Engineering Research Center of Tissue and Organ Regeneration and Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Youqian Xu
- Department of Anatomy, Engineering Research Center for Organ Intelligent Biological Manufacturing of Chongqing, Key Lab for Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering of Chongqing, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Engineering Research Center of Tissue and Organ Regeneration and Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Chuhong Zhu
- Department of Anatomy, Engineering Research Center for Organ Intelligent Biological Manufacturing of Chongqing, Key Lab for Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering of Chongqing, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Engineering Research Center of Tissue and Organ Regeneration and Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400038, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
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9
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Mayer K, Ruhoff A, Chan NJ, Waterhouse A, O'Connor AJ, Scheibel T, Heath DE. REDV-Functionalized Recombinant Spider Silk for Next-Generation Coronary Artery Stent Coatings: Hemocompatible, Drug-Eluting, and Endothelial Cell-Specific Materials. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38470984 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c17861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Coronary artery stents are life-saving devices, and millions of these devices are implanted annually to treat coronary heart disease. The current gold standard in treatment is drug-eluting stents, which are coated with a biodegradable polymer layer that elutes antiproliferative drugs to prevent restenosis due to neointimal hyperplasia. Stenting is commonly paired with systemic antiplatelet therapy to prevent stent thrombosis. Despite their clinical success, current stents have significant limitations including inducing local inflammation that drives hyperplasia; a lack of hemocompatibility that promotes thrombosis, increasing need for antiplatelet therapy; and limited endothelialization, which is a critical step in the healing process. In this research, we designed a novel material for use as a next-generation coating for drug-eluting stents that addresses the limitations described above. Specifically, we developed a recombinant spider silk material that is functionalized with an REDV cell-adhesive ligand, a peptide motif that promotes specific adhesion of endothelial cells in the cardiovascular environment. We illustrated that this REDV-modified spider silk variant [eADF4(C16)-REDV] is an endothelial-cell-specific material that can promote the formation of a near-confluent endothelium. We additionally performed hemocompatibility assays using human whole blood and demonstrated that spider silk materials exhibit excellent hemocompatibility under both static and flow conditions. Furthermore, we showed that the material displayed slow enzyme-mediated degradation. Finally, we illustrated the ability to load and release the clinically relevant drug everolimus from recombinant spider silk coatings in a quantity and at a rate similar to that of commercial devices. These results support the use of REDV-functionalized recombinant spider silk as a coating for drug-eluting stents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Mayer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graeme Clark Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- Chair for Biomaterials, Faculty of Engineering Science, University of Bayreuth, Prof. Rüdiger-Bormann-Straße 1, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Alexander Ruhoff
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Newtown, NSW 2042, Australia
| | - Nicholas J Chan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graeme Clark Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Anna Waterhouse
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Andrea J O'Connor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graeme Clark Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Thomas Scheibel
- Chair for Biomaterials, Faculty of Engineering Science, University of Bayreuth, Prof. Rüdiger-Bormann-Straße 1, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
- Bayreuther Zentrum für Kolloide und Grenzflächen (BZKG), Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
- Bayreuther Materialzentrum (BayMat), Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
- Bayreuther Zentrum für Molekulare Biowissenschaften (BZMB), Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
- Bayrisches Polymerinstitut (BPI), Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Daniel E Heath
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graeme Clark Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
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10
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MacRaild M, Sarrami-Foroushani A, Lassila T, Frangi AF. Accelerated simulation methodologies for computational vascular flow modelling. J R Soc Interface 2024; 21:20230565. [PMID: 38350616 PMCID: PMC10864099 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2023.0565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Vascular flow modelling can improve our understanding of vascular pathologies and aid in developing safe and effective medical devices. Vascular flow models typically involve solving the nonlinear Navier-Stokes equations in complex anatomies and using physiological boundary conditions, often presenting a multi-physics and multi-scale computational problem to be solved. This leads to highly complex and expensive models that require excessive computational time. This review explores accelerated simulation methodologies, specifically focusing on computational vascular flow modelling. We review reduced order modelling (ROM) techniques like zero-/one-dimensional and modal decomposition-based ROMs and machine learning (ML) methods including ML-augmented ROMs, ML-based ROMs and physics-informed ML models. We discuss the applicability of each method to vascular flow acceleration and the effectiveness of the method in addressing domain-specific challenges. When available, we provide statistics on accuracy and speed-up factors for various applications related to vascular flow simulation acceleration. Our findings indicate that each type of model has strengths and limitations depending on the context. To accelerate real-world vascular flow problems, we propose future research on developing multi-scale acceleration methods capable of handling the significant geometric variability inherent to such problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael MacRaild
- Centre for Computational Imaging and Simulation Technologies in Biomedicine (CISTIB), University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Fluid Dynamics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Ali Sarrami-Foroushani
- Centre for Computational Imaging and Simulation Technologies in Biomedicine (CISTIB), University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- School of Health Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Toni Lassila
- Centre for Computational Imaging and Simulation Technologies in Biomedicine (CISTIB), University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- School of Computing, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Alejandro F. Frangi
- Centre for Computational Imaging and Simulation Technologies in Biomedicine (CISTIB), University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- School of Computer Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- School of Health Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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11
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Kong P, Liu X, Li Z, Wang J, Gao R, Feng S, Li H, Zhang F, Feng Z, Huang P, Wang S, Zhuang D, Ouyang W, Wang W, Pan X. Biodegradable Cardiac Occluder with Surface Modification by Gelatin-Peptide Conjugate to Promote Endogenous Tissue Regeneration. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305967. [PMID: 37984880 PMCID: PMC10787076 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Transcatheter intervention has been the preferred treatment for congenital structural heart diseases by implanting occluders into the heart defect site through minimally invasive access. Biodegradable polymers provide a promising alternative for cardiovascular implants by conferring therapeutic function and eliminating long-term complications, but inducing in situ cardiac tissue regeneration remains a substantial clinical challenge. PGAG (polydioxanone/poly (l-lactic acid)-gelatin-A5G81) occluders are prepared by covalently conjugating biomolecules composed of gelatin and layer adhesive protein-derived peptides (A5G81) to the surface of polydioxanone and poly (l-lactic acid) fibers. The polymer microfiber-biomacromolecule-peptide frame with biophysical and biochemical cues could orchestrate the biomaterial-host cell interactions, by recruiting endogenous endothelial cells, promoting their adhesion and proliferation, and polarizing immune cells into anti-inflammatory phenotypes and augmenting the release of reparative cytokines. In a porcine atrial septal defect (ASD) model, PGAG occluders promote in situ tissue regeneration by accelerating surface endothelialization and regulating immune response, which mitigate inflammation and fibrosis formation, and facilitate the fusion of occluder with surrounding heart tissue. Collectively, this work highlights the modulation of cell-biomaterial interactions for tissue regeneration in cardiac defect models, ensuring endothelialization and extracellular matrix remodeling on polymeric scaffolds. Bioinspired cell-material interface offers a highly efficient and generalized approach for constructing bioactive coatings on medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengxu Kong
- Department of Structural Heart Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, China & State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Regeneration Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterial Research, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Zefu Li
- Department of Structural Heart Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, China & State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Regeneration Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Jingrong Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterial Research, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Rui Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterial Research, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Shuyi Feng
- Department of Structural Heart Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, China & State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Regeneration Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Hang Li
- Department of Structural Heart Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, China & State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Regeneration Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Fengwen Zhang
- Department of Structural Heart Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, China & State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Regeneration Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Zujian Feng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterial Research, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Pingsheng Huang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterial Research, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Shouzheng Wang
- Department of Structural Heart Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, China & State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Regeneration Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, 100037, China
- Key Laboratory of Innovative Cardiovascular Devices, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Donglin Zhuang
- Department of Structural Heart Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, China & State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Regeneration Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Wenbin Ouyang
- Department of Structural Heart Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, China & State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Regeneration Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, 100037, China
- Key Laboratory of Innovative Cardiovascular Devices, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterial Research, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
- Key Laboratory of Innovative Cardiovascular Devices, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Xiangbin Pan
- Department of Structural Heart Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, China & State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Regeneration Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, 100037, China
- Key Laboratory of Innovative Cardiovascular Devices, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100037, China
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12
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Cui Y, Jiang X, Yang M, Yuan Y, Zhou Z, Gao X, Jia G, Cao L, Li D, Zhao Y, Zhang X, Zhao G. SEMA4D/VEGF surface enhances endothelialization by diminished-glycolysis-mediated M2-like macrophage polarization. Mater Today Bio 2023; 23:100832. [PMID: 38024840 PMCID: PMC10630656 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death and morbidity worldwide. Inflammatory responses after percutaneous coronary intervention led to neoathrosclerosis and in-stent restenosis and thus increase the risk of adverse clinical outcomes. In this work, a metabolism reshaped surface is engineered, which combines the decreased glycolysis promoting, M2-like macrophage polarization, and rapid endothelialization property. Anionic heparin plays as a linker and mediates cationic SEMA4D and VEGF to graft electronically onto PLL surfaces. The system composed by anticoagulant heparin, immunoregulatory SEMA4D and angiogenic VEGF endows the scaffold with significant inhibition of platelets, fibrinogen and anti-thrombogenic properties, also noteworthy immunometabolism reprogram, anti-inflammation M2-like polarization and finally leading to rapid endothelializaiton performances. Our research indicates that the immunometabolism method can accurately reflect the immune state of modified surfaces. It is envisioned immunometabolism study will open an avenue to the surface engineering of vascular implants for better clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Cui
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Xiaomei Jiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Maozhu Yang
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Yinglin Yuan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Zili Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Guiqing Jia
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Lvzhou Cao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Danni Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Longquanyi District of Chengdu Maternity & Child Health Care Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Yanshuang Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, The People's Hospital of Leshan, Leshan, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Gaoping Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
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13
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Sandell M, Ericsson A, Al-Saadi J, Södervall B, Södergren E, Grass S, Sanchez J, Holmin S. A novel noble metal stent coating reduces in vitro platelet activation and acute in vivo thrombosis formation: a blinded study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17225. [PMID: 37821529 PMCID: PMC10567768 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44364-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Inherent to any stenting procedure is the prescription of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) to reduce the platelet response. Clinical guidelines recommend 6-12 months of DAPT, depending on stent type, clinical picture and patient factors. Our hypothesis is that a nanostructured noble metal coating has the potential to reduce protein deposition and platelet activation. These effects would reduce subsequent thrombo-inflammatory reactions, potentially mitigating the need for an extensive DAPT in the acute phase. Here, a noble metal nanostructure coating on stents is investigated. Twelve pigs underwent endovascular implantation of coated and non-coated stents for paired comparisons in a blinded study design. The non-coated control stent was placed at the contralateral corresponding artery. Volumetric analysis of angiographic data, performed by a treatment blinded assessor, demonstrated a significant thrombus reduction for one of the coatings compared to control. This effect was already seen one hour after implantation. This finding was supported by in vitro data showing a significant reduction of coagulation activation in the coated group. This novel coating shows promise as an implant material addition and could potentially decrease the need for DAPT in the early phases of stent implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Sandell
- Division of Micro and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Malvinas väg 10, 114 28, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Tomtebodavägen 18A, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
- MedTechLabs, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Ericsson
- Bactiguard AB, Alfred Nobels allé 150, 146 48, Tullinge, Sweden
| | - Jonathan Al-Saadi
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Tomtebodavägen 18A, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Billy Södervall
- Bactiguard AB, Alfred Nobels allé 150, 146 48, Tullinge, Sweden
| | - Erika Södergren
- Bactiguard AB, Alfred Nobels allé 150, 146 48, Tullinge, Sweden
| | - Stefan Grass
- Bactiguard AB, Alfred Nobels allé 150, 146 48, Tullinge, Sweden
| | - Javier Sanchez
- Bactiguard AB, Alfred Nobels allé 150, 146 48, Tullinge, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, 182 88, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Staffan Holmin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Tomtebodavägen 18A, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
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14
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Xu L, He C, Yang S, Zhu Y, Wang P, Wu S, Guo F, Wang Y. Phase-transited lysozyme nanofilm with co-immobilized copper ion and heparin as cardiovascular stent multifunctional coating. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 230:113530. [PMID: 37683323 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular metal stents have shown potential in the treatment of coronary artery disease using percutaneous coronary intervention. However, thrombosis, endothelialization, and new atherosclerosis after stent implantation remain unsolved problems. Herein, a multifunctional coating material based on phase-transited lysozyme was developed to promote stent endothelialization and simultaneously reduce thrombus events by embedding moieties of heparin and co-immobilized copper ions for in-situ catalyzing nitric oxide (NO) generation. The lysozyme-based biomimetic coating is compatible with blood and enables facile loading and sustainable release of copper ions to produce NO with donors via catalytic reaction. The novel coating strategy displayed several bio-effects of anti-thrombosis; it synergistically promoted endothelial cell growth and inhibited smooth muscle cell growth. Thus, this systemic in vitro study will provide a foundation for developing multifunctional cardiovascular stents in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lehua Xu
- The Institute for Translational Nanomedicine, Shanghai East Hospital, the Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Nano Science, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Chenlong He
- The Institute for Translational Nanomedicine, Shanghai East Hospital, the Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Nano Science, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Shusheng Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200123, PR China
| | - Yunxia Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200123, PR China
| | - Peng Wang
- The Institute for Translational Nanomedicine, Shanghai East Hospital, the Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Nano Science, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Shengming Wu
- The Institute for Translational Nanomedicine, Shanghai East Hospital, the Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Nano Science, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Fangfang Guo
- The Institute for Translational Nanomedicine, Shanghai East Hospital, the Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Nano Science, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Yilong Wang
- The Institute for Translational Nanomedicine, Shanghai East Hospital, the Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Nano Science, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
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15
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Liang X, Yang L, Lei Y, Zhang S, Chen L, Hu C, Wang Y. Biomimetic-modified bioprosthetic heart valves with Cysteine-Alanine-Glycine peptide for anti-thrombotic, endothelialization and anti-calcification. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 250:126244. [PMID: 37562473 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, bioprosthetic heart valves (BHVs) prepared by cross-linking porcine or bovine pericardium with glutaraldehyde (Glut) have received widespread attention due to their excellent hemocompatibility and hydrodynamic properties. However, the failure of BHVs induced by thrombosis and difficulty in endothelialization still exists in clinical practice. Improving the biocompatibility and endothelialization potential of BHVs is conducive to promoting their anti-thrombosis properties and prolonging their service life. Herein, Cysteine-Alanine-Glycine (CAG) peptide was introduced into the biomimetic BHV materials modified by 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) to improve their anti-thrombosis and promoting-endothelialization performances. MPC can improve the anti-adsorption performance of BHV materials, as well as, CAG contributes to the adhesion and proliferation of endothelial cells on the surface of BHV materials. The results of experiments showed that the biomimetic modification strategy with MPC and CAG reduce the thrombosis of BHV materials and improve their endothelialization in vitro. More importantly, the calcification of BHV significantly reduced by inhibiting the expression of M1 macrophage-related factors (IL-6, iNOS) and promoting the expression of M2 macrophage-related factors (IL-10, CD206). We believe that the valve-modified strategy is expected to provide effective solutions to clinical valve problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyue Liang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Li Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Yang Lei
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Shumang Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Liang Chen
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cheng Hu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, PR China.
| | - Yunbing Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, PR China.
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16
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Cepas-Guillén P, Flores-Umanzor E, Leduc N, Bajoras V, Perrin N, Farjat-Pasos J, McInerney A, Lafond A, Millán X, Zendjebil S, O'Hara G, Ibrahim R, de Backer O, Cruz-González I, Arzamendi D, Sanchis L, Garot P, Nielsen-Kudsk JE, Nombela-Franco L, Aminian A, Rodés-Cabau J, Freixa X. Impact of Device Implant Depth After Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2023; 16:2139-2149. [PMID: 37565966 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2023.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Device-related thrombus (DRT) remains one of the main concerns after left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO). Several risk factors have been proposed, but most cannot be modulated. A modifiable factor such as device implantation depth is a potential target to adjust the risk for DRT. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess the impact of LAAO device implantation depth as a predisposing factor for DRT. METHODS The study included patients who underwent successful LAAO at 9 centers in Europe and Canada. Patients were classified into 2 groups: proximal device implantation (covered pulmonary ridge [PR] in the lobe and disc cohort or <5 mm from the PR in the single-lobe cohort) and distal device implantation (uncovered PR in the disc and lobe cohort and ≥5 mm in the single-lobe cohort). RESULTS A total of 1,317 patients were included. Among these, proximal and distal device implantation was achieved in 732 (55%) and 585 (45%) patients, respectively. No differences in procedural outcomes were observed between the groups. At follow-up, patients with proximal implantation had a lower incidence of DRT (2.3%) than those with distal implantation (12.2%) (P < 0.001). Deeper device implantation and a larger uncovered left atrial appendage area were associated with a higher incidence of DRT (P < 0.001), regardless of device type. In multivariable analysis, distal implant (HR: 5.92; 95% CI: 3.39-10.36) and no or single antiplatelet therapy (HR: 1.62; 95% CI: 0.99-2.62) emerged as independent predictors of DRT. CONCLUSIONS LAAO device implantation depth is an independent risk factor for DRT. Deeper device implantation and larger uncovered left atrial appendage areas were associated with a higher incidence of DRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Cepas-Guillén
- Institut Clinic Cardiovascular, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Nina Leduc
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Charleroi, Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Vilhemas Bajoras
- Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Clinic of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania; Department of Interventional Cardiology, Division of Cardiology and Vascular Diseases, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Clinics, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Nils Perrin
- Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Julio Farjat-Pasos
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Ana Lafond
- Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Xavi Millán
- Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra Zendjebil
- Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris-Sud, Hôpital Jacques Cartier, Ramsay-Santé, Massy, France
| | - Gilles O'Hara
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Reda Ibrahim
- Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Laura Sanchis
- Institut Clinic Cardiovascular, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Philippe Garot
- Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris-Sud, Hôpital Jacques Cartier, Ramsay-Santé, Massy, France
| | | | | | - Adel Aminian
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Charleroi, Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Josep Rodés-Cabau
- Institut Clinic Cardiovascular, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain; Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Xavier Freixa
- Institut Clinic Cardiovascular, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain.
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17
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Newman G, Leclerc A, Arditi W, Calzuola ST, Feaugas T, Roy E, Perrault CM, Porrini C, Bechelany M. Challenge of material haemocompatibility for microfluidic blood-contacting applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1249753. [PMID: 37662438 PMCID: PMC10469978 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1249753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological applications of microfluidics technology is beginning to expand beyond the original focus of diagnostics, analytics and organ-on-chip devices. There is a growing interest in the development of microfluidic devices for therapeutic treatments, such as extra-corporeal haemodialysis and oxygenation. However, the great potential in this area comes with great challenges. Haemocompatibility of materials has long been a concern for blood-contacting medical devices, and microfluidic devices are no exception. The small channel size, high surface area to volume ratio and dynamic conditions integral to microchannels contribute to the blood-material interactions. This review will begin by describing features of microfluidic technology with a focus on blood-contacting applications. Material haemocompatibility will be discussed in the context of interactions with blood components, from the initial absorption of plasma proteins to the activation of cells and factors, and the contribution of these interactions to the coagulation cascade and thrombogenesis. Reference will be made to the testing requirements for medical devices in contact with blood, set out by International Standards in ISO 10993-4. Finally, we will review the techniques for improving microfluidic channel haemocompatibility through material surface modifications-including bioactive and biopassive coatings-and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwenyth Newman
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- Eden Tech, Paris, France
| | - Audrey Leclerc
- Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM, UMR 5635, Univ Montpellier, ENSCM, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Place Eugène Bataillon, Montpellier, France
- École Nationale Supérieure des Ingénieurs en Arts Chimiques et Technologiques, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - William Arditi
- Eden Tech, Paris, France
- Centrale Supélec, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Silvia Tea Calzuola
- Eden Tech, Paris, France
- UMR7648—LadHyx, Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France
| | - Thomas Feaugas
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- Eden Tech, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Mikhael Bechelany
- Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM, UMR 5635, Univ Montpellier, ENSCM, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Place Eugène Bataillon, Montpellier, France
- Gulf University for Science and Technology (GUST), Mubarak Al-Abdullah, Kuwait
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18
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Li D, Dai D, Xiong G, Lan S, Zhang C. Composite Nanocoatings of Biomedical Magnesium Alloy Implants: Advantages, Mechanisms, and Design Strategies. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2300658. [PMID: 37097626 PMCID: PMC10288271 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The rapid degradation of magnesium (Mg) alloy implants erodes mechanical performance and interfacial bioactivity, thereby limiting their clinical utility. Surface modification is among the solutions to improve corrosion resistance and bioefficacy of Mg alloys. Novel composite coatings that incorporate nanostructures create new opportunities for their expanded use. Particle size dominance and impermeability may increase corrosion resistance and thereby prolong implant service time. Nanoparticles with specific biological effects may be released into the peri-implant microenvironment during the degradation of coatings to promote healing. Composite nanocoatings provide nanoscale surfaces to promote cell adhesion and proliferation. Nanoparticles may activate cellular signaling pathways, while those with porous or core-shell structures may carry antibacterial or immunomodulatory drugs. Composite nanocoatings may promote vascular reendothelialization and osteogenesis, attenuate inflammation, and inhibit bacterial growth, thus increasing their applicability in complex clinical microenvironments such as those of atherosclerosis and open fractures. This review combines the physicochemical properties and biological efficiency of Mg-based alloy biomedical implants to summarize the advantages of composite nanocoatings, analyzes their mechanisms of action, and proposes design and construction strategies, with the purpose of providing a reference for promoting the clinical application of Mg alloy implants and to further the design of nanocoatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Stomatological HospitalSchool of StomatologySouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510280China
| | - Danni Dai
- Stomatological HospitalSchool of StomatologySouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510280China
| | - Gege Xiong
- Stomatological HospitalSchool of StomatologySouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510280China
| | - Shuquan Lan
- Stomatological HospitalSchool of StomatologySouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510280China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Stomatological HospitalSchool of StomatologySouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510280China
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19
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Magkoutas K, Chala N, Wu X, Poulikakos D, Mazza E, Meboldt M, Falk V, Ferrari A, Giampietro C, Schmid Daners M. In-vitro investigation of endothelial monolayer retention on an inflow VAD cannula inside a beating heart phantom. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 152:213485. [PMID: 37302211 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ventricular assist devices (VADs) provide an alternative solution to heart transplantation for patients with end-stage heart failure. Insufficient hemocompatibility of VAD components can result in severe adverse events, such as thromboembolic stroke, and readmissions. To enhance VAD hemocompatibility, and avoid thrombus formation, surface modification techniques and endothelialization strategies are employed. In this work, a free form patterning topography is selected to facilitate the endothelialization of the outer surface of the inflow cannula (IC) of a commercial VAD. An endothelialization protocol for convoluted surfaces such as the IC is produced, and the retainment of the endothelial cell (EC) monolayer is evaluated. To allow this evaluation, a dedicated experimental setup is developed to simulate realistic flow phenomena inside an artificial, beating heart phantom with a VAD implanted on its apex. The procedural steps of mounting the system result to the impairment of the EC monolayer, which is further compromised by the developed flow and pressure conditions, as well as by the contact with the moving inner structures of the heart phantom. Importantly, the EC monolayer is better maintained in the lower part of the IC, which is more susceptible to thrombus formation and may therefore aid in minimizing the hemocompatibility related adverse events after the VAD implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Magkoutas
- Product Development Group Zurich, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nafsika Chala
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Xi Wu
- Experimental Continuum Mechanics, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Institute for Mechanical Systems, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dimos Poulikakos
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Edoardo Mazza
- Experimental Continuum Mechanics, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Institute for Mechanical Systems, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Experimental Continuum Mechanics, EMPA, Dubendorf, Switzerland
| | - Mirko Meboldt
- Product Development Group Zurich, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Volkmar Falk
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Clinic for Cardiovascular Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Aldo Ferrari
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Costanza Giampietro
- Experimental Continuum Mechanics, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Institute for Mechanical Systems, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Experimental Continuum Mechanics, EMPA, Dubendorf, Switzerland.
| | - Marianne Schmid Daners
- Product Development Group Zurich, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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20
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Liu W, Wang X, Feng Y. Restoring endothelial function: shedding light on cardiovascular stent development. Biomater Sci 2023. [PMID: 37161519 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm00390f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Complete endothelialization is highly important for maintaining long-term patency and avoiding subsequent complications in implanting cardiovascular stents. It not only refers to endothelial cells (ECs) fully covering the inserted stents, but also includes the newly formed endothelium, which could exert physiological functions, such as anti-thrombosis and anti-stenosis. Clinical outcomes have indicated that endothelial dysfunction, especially the insufficiency of antithrombotic and barrier functions, is responsible for stent failure. Learning from vascular pathophysiology, endothelial dysfunction on stents is closely linked to the microenvironment of ECs. Evidence points to inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, altered hemodynamic shear stress, and impaired endothelial barrier affecting the normal growth of ECs, which are the four major causes of endothelial dysfunction. The related molecular mechanisms and efforts dedicated to improving the endothelial function are emphasized in this review. From the perspective of endothelial function, the design principles, advantages, and disadvantages behind current stents are introduced to enlighten the development of new-generation stents, aiming to offer new alternatives for restoring endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin), Weijin Road 92, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin), Weijin Road 92, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yakai Feng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin), Weijin Road 92, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Weijin Road 92, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin University, Weijin Road 92, Tianjin 300072, China
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21
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Wang Q, Wang X, Feng Y. Chitosan Hydrogel as Tissue Engineering Scaffolds for Vascular Regeneration Applications. Gels 2023; 9:gels9050373. [PMID: 37232967 DOI: 10.3390/gels9050373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosan hydrogels have a wide range of applications in tissue engineering scaffolds, mainly due to the advantages of their chemical and physical properties. This review focuses on the application of chitosan hydrogels in tissue engineering scaffolds for vascular regeneration. We have mainly introduced these following aspects: advantages and progress of chitosan hydrogels in vascular regeneration hydrogels and the modification of chitosan hydrogels to improve the application in vascular regeneration. Finally, this paper discusses the prospects of chitosan hydrogels for vascular regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiulin Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Tianjin 300350, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin), Weijin Road 92, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Tianjin 300350, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin), Weijin Road 92, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yakai Feng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Tianjin 300350, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin), Weijin Road 92, Tianjin 300072, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Weijin Road 92, Tianjin 300072, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin University, Weijin Road 92, Tianjin 300072, China
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22
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Yao Y, Zaw AM, Anderson DE, Jeong Y, Kunihiro J, Hinds MT, Yim EK. Fucoidan and topography modification improved in situ endothelialization on acellular synthetic vascular grafts. Bioact Mater 2023; 22:535-550. [PMID: 36330164 PMCID: PMC9619221 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombogenesis remains the primary failure of synthetic vascular grafts. Endothelial coverage is crucial to provide an antithrombogenic surface. However, most synthetic materials do not support cell adhesion, and transanastomotic endothelial migration is limited. Here, a surface modification strategy using fucoidan and topography was developed to enable fast in situ endothelialization of polyvinyl alcohol, which is not endothelial cell-adhesive. Among three different immobilization approaches compared, conjugation of aminated-fucoidan promoted endothelial monolayer formation while minimizing thrombogenicity in both in vitro platelet rich plasma testing and ex vivo non-human primate shunt assay. Screening of six topographical patterns showed that 2 μm gratings increased endothelial cell migration without inducing inflammation responses of endothelial cells. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that fucoidan could attract fibronectin, enabling integrin binding and focal adhesion formation and activating focal adhesion kinase (FAK) signaling, and 2 μm gratings further enhanced FAK-mediated cell migration. In a clinically relevant rabbit carotid artery end-to-side anastomosis model, 60% in situ endothelialization was observed throughout the entire lumen of 1.7 mm inner diameter modified grafts, compared to 0% of unmodified graft, and the four-week graft patency also increased. This work presents a promising strategy to stimulate in situ endothelialization on synthetic materials for improving long-term performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Aung Moe Zaw
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Deirdre E.J. Anderson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - YeJin Jeong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Joshua Kunihiro
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Monica T. Hinds
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Evelyn K.F. Yim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
- Center for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
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23
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Su H, Liu W, Li X, Li G, Guo S, Liu C, Yang T, Ou C, Liu J, Li Y, Wei C, Huang Q, Xu T, Duan C. Cellular energy supply for promoting vascular remodeling of small-diameter vascular grafts: a preliminary study of a new strategy for vascular graft development. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:3197-3213. [PMID: 36928127 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm01338j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Rapid endothelialization is extremely essential for the success of small-diameter tissue-engineered vascular graft (TEVG) (<6 mm) transplantation. However, severe inflammation in situ often causes cellular energy decline of endothelial cells. The cellular energy supply involved in vascular graft therapy remains unclear, and whether promoting energy supply would be helpful in the regeneration of vascular grafts needs to be established. In our work, we generated an AMPK activator (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide, AICAR) immobilized vascular graft. AICAR-modified vascular grafts were successfully generated by the co-electrospinning technique. In vitro results indicated that AICAR could upregulate energy supply in endothelial cells and reprogram macrophages (MΦ) to assume an anti-inflammatory phenotype. Furthermore, endothelial cells (ECs) co-cultured with AICAR achieved higher survival rates, better migration, and angiogenic capacity than the controls. Concurrently, a rabbit carotid artery transplantation model was used to investigate AICAR-modified vascular grafts at different time points. The results showed that AICAR-modified vascular grafts had higher patency rates (92.9% and 85.7% at 6 and 12 weeks, respectively) than those of the untreated group (11.1% and 0%). In conclusion, AICAR strengthened the cellular energy state and attenuated the adverse effects of inflammation. AICAR-modified vascular grafts achieved better vascular remodeling. This study provides a new perspective on promoting the regeneration of small-diameter vascular grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengxian Su
- Neurosurgery Center, Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China.
| | - Wenchao Liu
- Neurosurgery Center, Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China.
| | - Xifeng Li
- Neurosurgery Center, Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China.
| | - Guangxu Li
- Neurosurgery Center, Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China.
| | - Shenquan Guo
- Neurosurgery Center, Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China.
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Lingnan Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Neurosurgery Center, Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China.
| | - Chubin Ou
- Neurosurgery Center, Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China.
| | - Jiahui Liu
- Neurosurgery Center, Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China.
| | - Yuanzhi Li
- Neurosurgery Center, Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China.
| | - Chengcong Wei
- Neurosurgery Center, Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China.
| | - Qing Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China.
| | - Tao Xu
- Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China. .,East China Institute of Digital Medical Engineering, Shangrao, 334000, China
| | - Chuanzhi Duan
- Neurosurgery Center, Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China.
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24
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Singh SK, Kachel M, Castillero E, Xue Y, Kalfa D, Ferrari G, George I. Polymeric prosthetic heart valves: A review of current technologies and future directions. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1137827. [PMID: 36970335 PMCID: PMC10034107 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1137827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Valvular heart disease is an important source of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Current prosthetic valve replacement options, such as bioprosthetic and mechanical heart valves are limited by structural valve degeneration requiring reoperation or the need for lifelong anticoagulation. Several new polymer technologies have been developed in recent years in the hope of creating an ideal polymeric heart valve substitute that overcomes these limitations. These compounds and valve devices are in various stages of research and development and have unique strengths and limitations inherent to their properties. This review summarizes the current literature available for the latest polymer heart valve technologies and compares important characteristics necessary for a successful valve replacement therapy, including hydrodynamic performance, thrombogenicity, hemocompatibility, long-term durability, calcification, and transcatheter application. The latter portion of this review summarizes the currently available clinical outcomes data regarding polymeric heart valves and discusses future directions of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer K. Singh
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, New York Presbyterian Hospital, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Mateusz Kachel
- Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, NY, United States
- American Heart of Poland, Center for Cardiovascular Research and Development, Katowice, Poland
| | - Estibaliz Castillero
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, New York Presbyterian Hospital, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yingfei Xue
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, New York Presbyterian Hospital, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - David Kalfa
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, New York Presbyterian Hospital, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Giovanni Ferrari
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, New York Presbyterian Hospital, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Isaac George
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, New York Presbyterian Hospital, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Isaac George,
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25
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Jiang Y, Guo Y, Wang H, Wang X, Li Q. Hydrogel coating based on dopamine-modified hyaluronic acid and gelatin with spatiotemporal drug release capacity for quick endothelialization and long-term anticoagulation. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 230:123113. [PMID: 36599384 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.123113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Due to the vital roles of vascular intima in preventing thrombus generation and maintaining vascular patency, methods to promote quick endothelialization on vascular grafts have drawn much attention. In this study, we novelly applied a double-layered hydrogel coating with spatiotemporal drug release capacity on a polycaprolactone (PCL) fibrous scaffold. The composite coating consisted of an inner dopamine-modified hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel and an outer gelatin hydrogel, which were generated via different crosslinking methods. Especially, heparin and chondroitin sulfate were introduced to the HA and gelatin hydrogels during the processing, thus endowing the vascular scaffold spatiotemporal drug release behavior. The composite coating developed surface hydrophilicity and mechanical properties of the PCL scaffold meanwhile stimulating the proliferation and angiogenesis behaviors of endothelial cells. Long-term anticoagulation property of the modified scaffold was also demonstrated in vitro. This investigation provides a universal strategy for quick endothelialization and long-term anticoagulation promotion of vascular grafts, which may be potentially used in treating cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchao Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Yingying Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Haonan Wang
- National Center for International Research of Micro-Nano Molding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- National Center for International Research of Micro-Nano Molding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Qian Li
- National Center for International Research of Micro-Nano Molding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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26
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Qiu J, Liu XJ, You BA, Ren N, Liu H. Application of Nanomaterials in Stem Cell-Based Therapeutics for Cardiac Repair and Regeneration. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206487. [PMID: 36642861 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of disability and death worldwide. Although the survival rate of patients with heart diseases can be improved with contemporary pharmacological treatments and surgical procedures, none of these therapies provide a significant improvement in cardiac repair and regeneration. Stem cell-based therapies are a promising approach for functional recovery of damaged myocardium. However, the available stem cells are difficult to differentiate into cardiomyocytes, which result in the extremely low transplantation efficiency. Nanomaterials are widely used to regulate the myocardial differentiation of stem cells, and play a very important role in cardiac tissue engineering. This study discusses the current status and limitations of stem cells and cell-derived exosomes/micro RNAs based cardiac therapy, describes the cardiac repair mechanism of nanomaterials, summarizes the recent advances in nanomaterials used in cardiac repair and regeneration, and evaluates the advantages and disadvantages of the relevant nanomaterials. Besides discussing the potential clinical applications of nanomaterials in cardiac therapy, the perspectives and challenges of nanomaterials used in stem cell-based cardiac repair and regeneration are also considered. Finally, new research directions in this field are proposed, and future research trends are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Qiu
- Medical Research Institute, Jinan Nanjiao Hospital, Jinan, 250002, P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Ju Liu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, P. R. China
| | - Bei-An You
- Department of Cardiovascular Center, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 266035, P. R. China
| | - Na Ren
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, P. R. China
| | - Hong Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
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Liu L, Lan X, Chen X, Dai S, Wang Z, Zhao A, Lu L, Huang N, Chen J, Yang P, Liao Y. Multi-functional plant flavonoids regulate pathological microenvironments for vascular stent surface engineering. Acta Biomater 2023; 157:655-669. [PMID: 36436757 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In-stent restenosis (ISR) and late thrombosis, usually caused by excessive smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation and delayed endothelial layer repair, respectively, are the main risks for the failure of vascular stent implantation. For years, modification of stents with biomolecules that could selectively inhibit SMC proliferation and support endothelial cell (EC) growth had drawn extensive attention. However, the modulatory effect of these biomolecules faces the impact of oxidative stress, inflammation, and hyperlipidemia of the pathological vascular microenvironment, which is caused by the stent implantation injury and atherosclerosis lesions. Here, we modified stents with a natural and multi-functional flavonoid, baicalin (BCL), using poly-dopamine (PDA) coating technology to combat the harmful impact of the pathological microenvironment. Stent with an appropriate BCL immobilization density (approximately 2.03 μg/cm2) successfully supported ECs growth while inhibited SMC proliferation. Furthermore, baicalin-modified surfaces regulated the oxidative stress, inflammation, and high-lipid of the pathological microenvironment to inhibit endothelial dysfunction and the oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced macrophage foam cells formation. In vivo results showed that baicalin-modified stents exhibited significant anti-ISR, anti-inflammatory, and endothelialization-promoting functions. Our study suggests that the multi-functional baicalin with pathological microenvironment-regulation (PMR) effect has potential use in the surface engineering of cardiovascular devices. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Empowering vascular stents with selective modulation of smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells by surface technology has become an important research direction for stent surface engineering. However, stent coatings that can furthermodulate the pathological microenvironment of blood vessels have been rarely reported. In this study, we constructed a multifunctional coating based on a flavonoid, baicalin, which can selectively modulate vascular wall cells and improve the pathological microenvironment. This study may provide a reference for developing advanced vascular stents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luying Liu
- Institute of Biomaterials and Surface Engineering, Key Lab. for Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China
| | - Xiaorong Lan
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Institute of Biomaterials and Surface Engineering, Key Lab. for Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China
| | - Sheng Dai
- Institute of Biomaterials and Surface Engineering, Key Lab. for Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China
| | - Zhixing Wang
- Institute of Biomaterials and Surface Engineering, Key Lab. for Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China
| | - Ansha Zhao
- Institute of Biomaterials and Surface Engineering, Key Lab. for Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China
| | - Lei Lu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Nan Huang
- Institute of Biomaterials and Surface Engineering, Key Lab. for Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China
| | - Jiang Chen
- Sichuan Key Laboratory for Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 32 of the West Second Section of First Ring Road, Chengdu 610031, PR China.
| | - Ping Yang
- Institute of Biomaterials and Surface Engineering, Key Lab. for Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China.
| | - Yuzhen Liao
- Institute of Biomaterials and Surface Engineering, Key Lab. for Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China.
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Biological Response to Sintered Titanium in Left Ventricular Assist Devices: Pseudoneointima, Neointima, and Pannus. ASAIO J 2023; 69:1-10. [PMID: 35649199 DOI: 10.1097/mat.0000000000001777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Titanium alloys have traditionally been used in blood-contacting cardiovascular devices, including left ventricular assist devices (LVADs). However, titanium surfaces are susceptible to adverse coagulation, leading to thrombogenesis and stroke. To improve hemocompatibility, LVAD manufacturers introduced powder sintering on blood-wetted surfaces in the 1980s to induce endothelialization. This technique has been employed in multiple contemporary LVADs on the pump housing, as well as the interior and exterior of the inflow cannula. Despite the wide adoption of sintered titanium, reported biologic response over the past several decades has been highly variable and apparently unpredictable-including combinations of neointima, pseudoneoimtima, thrombus, and pannus. We present a history of sintered titanium used in LVAD, a review of accumulated clinical outcomes, and a synopsis of gross appearance and composition of various depositions found clinically and in animal studies, which is unfortunately confounded by the variability and inconsistency in terminology. Therefore, this review endeavors to introduce a unified taxonomy to harmonize published observations of biologic response to sintered titanium in LVADs. From these data, we are able to deduce the natural history of the biologic response to sintered titanium, toward development of a deterministic model of the genesis of a hemocompatible neointima.
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CD34 Antibody-Coated Biodegradable Fiber Membrane Effectively Corrects Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) by Promoting Endothelialization. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 15:polym15010108. [PMID: 36616459 PMCID: PMC9824060 DOI: 10.3390/polym15010108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodegradable materials are a next-generation invention for the treatment of congenital heart diseases. However, the corresponding technology used to develop ideal biomaterials still presents challenges. We previously reported the first biodegradable atrial septal defect (ASD) occluder made of poly-lactic acid (PLLA). Unfortunately, the PLLA occluder had a limited endothelialization effect. In this study, the surface of the occluder membrane was coated with sericin/CD34 antibodies to promote the growth of endothelial cells and the regeneration of defective tissue and enhance the repair of the atrial septal defect. The physicochemical properties of the coat on the surface of the fiber membrane were characterized. The sericin coat successfully covered the fiber surface of the membrane, and the thickness of the membrane increased with the sericin concentration. The swelling rate reached 230%. The microscopic observation of fluorescently labeled CD34 antibodies showed that the antibodies successfully attached to the fiber membrane; the fluorescence intensity of PLLA-SH5 was particularly high. The in vitro experiment showed that the PLLA-SH-CD34 fiber membrane was biocompatible and promoted the adhesion and proliferation of endothelial cells. According to our findings, the PLLA-SH-CD34 membrane provides a theoretical and technical basis for the research and development of novel biodegradable occluders.
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30
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Cao D, Ding J. Recent advances in regenerative biomaterials. Regen Biomater 2022; 9:rbac098. [PMID: 36518879 PMCID: PMC9745784 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbac098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, biomaterials have evolved from the inert supports or functional substitutes to the bioactive materials able to trigger or promote the regenerative potential of tissues. The interdisciplinary progress has broadened the definition of 'biomaterials', and a typical new insight is the concept of tissue induction biomaterials. The term 'regenerative biomaterials' and thus the contents of this article are relevant to yet beyond tissue induction biomaterials. This review summarizes the recent progress of medical materials including metals, ceramics, hydrogels, other polymers and bio-derived materials. As the application aspects are concerned, this article introduces regenerative biomaterials for bone and cartilage regeneration, cardiovascular repair, 3D bioprinting, wound healing and medical cosmetology. Cell-biomaterial interactions are highlighted. Since the global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019, the review particularly mentions biomaterials for public health emergency. In the last section, perspectives are suggested: (i) creation of new materials is the source of innovation; (ii) modification of existing materials is an effective strategy for performance improvement; (iii) biomaterial degradation and tissue regeneration are required to be harmonious with each other; (iv) host responses can significantly influence the clinical outcomes; (v) the long-term outcomes should be paid more attention to; (vi) the noninvasive approaches for monitoring in vivo dynamic evolution are required to be developed; (vii) public health emergencies call for more research and development of biomaterials; and (viii) clinical translation needs to be pushed forward in a full-chain way. In the future, more new insights are expected to be shed into the brilliant field-regenerative biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinglingge Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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31
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Tong Q, Sun A, Wang Z, Li T, He X, Qian Y, Qian Z. Hybrid heart valves with VEGF-loaded zwitterionic hydrogel coating for improved anti-calcification and re-endothelialization. Mater Today Bio 2022; 17:100459. [PMID: 36278142 PMCID: PMC9583583 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
With the aging of the population in worldwide, valvular heart disease has become one of the most prominent life-threatening diseases in human health, and heart valve replacement surgery is one of the therapeutic methods for valvular heart disease. Currently, commercial bioprosthetic heart valves (BHVs) for clinical application are prepared with xenograft heart valves or pericardium crosslinked by glutaraldehyde. Due to the residual cell toxicity from glutaraldehyde, heterologous antigens, and immune response, there are still some drawbacks related to the limited lifespan of bioprosthetic heart valves, such as thrombosis, calcification, degeneration, and defectiveness of re-endothelialization. Therefore, the problems of calcification, defectiveness of re-endothelialization, and poor biocompatibility from the use of bioprosthetic heart valve need to be solved. In this study, hydrogel hybrid heart valves with improved anti-calcification and re-endothelialization were prepared by taking decellularized porcine heart valves as scaffolds following grafting with double bonds. Then, the anti-biofouling zwitterionic monomers 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were utilized to obtain a hydrogel-coated hybrid heart valve (PEGDA-MPC-DHVs@VEGF). The results showed that fewer platelets and thrombi were observed on the surface of the PEGDA-MPC-DHVs@VEGF. Additionally, the PEGDA-MPC-DHVs@VEGF exhibited excellent collagen stability, biocompatibility and re-endothelialization potential. Moreover, less calcification deposition and a lower immune response were observed in the PEGDA-MPC-DHVs@VEGF compared to the glutaraldehyde-crosslinked DHVs (Glu-DHVs) after subcutaneous implantation in rats for 30 days. These studies demonstrated that the strategy of zwitterionic hydrogels loaded with VEGF may be an effective approach to improving the biocompatibility, anti-calcification and re-endothelialization of bioprosthetic heart valves. A new and promising strategy of overcoming defects of bioprosthetic heart valves. The zwitterionic hydrogel with VEGF is utilized to improve anti-calcification and re-endothelialization properties of heart valves. The hybrid heart valves with a VEGF-loaded zwitterionic hydrogel coating exhibits excellent biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Tong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Ao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Zhengjie Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xinye He
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yongjun Qian
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China,Corresponding author. Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China.
| | - Zhiyong Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China,Corresponding author. State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China
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32
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Fernandes A, Miéville A, Grob F, Yamashita T, Mehl J, Hosseini V, Emmert MY, Falk V, Vogel V. Endothelial-Smooth Muscle Cell Interactions in a Shear-Exposed Intimal Hyperplasia on-a-Dish Model to Evaluate Therapeutic Strategies. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2202317. [PMID: 35971167 PMCID: PMC9534971 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202202317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Intimal hyperplasia (IH) represents a major challenge following cardiovascular interventions. While mechanisms are poorly understood, the inefficient preventive methods incentivize the search for novel therapies. A vessel-on-a-dish platform is presented, consisting of direct-contact cocultures with human primary endothelial cells (ECs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) exposed to both laminar pulsatile and disturbed flow on an orbital shaker. With contractile SMCs sitting below a confluent EC layer, a model that successfully replicates the architecture of a quiescent vessel wall is created. In the novel IH model, ECs are seeded on synthetic SMCs at low density, mimicking reendothelization after vascular injury. Over 3 days of coculture, ECs transition from a network conformation to confluent 2D islands, as promoted by pulsatile flow, resulting in a "defected" EC monolayer. In defected regions, SMCs incorporated plasma fibronectin into fibers, increased proliferation, and formed multilayers, similarly to IH in vivo. These phenomena are inhibited under confluent EC layers, supporting therapeutic approaches that focus on endothelial regeneration rather than inhibiting proliferation, as illustrated in a proof-of-concept experiment with Paclitaxel. Thus, this in vitro system offers a new tool to study EC-SMC communication in IH pathophysiology, while providing an easy-to-use translational disease model platform for low-cost and high-content therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Fernandes
- Laboratory of Applied MechanobiologyInstitute of Translational MedicineDepartment of Health Sciences and TechnologyETH Zurich8093ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Arnaud Miéville
- Laboratory of Applied MechanobiologyInstitute of Translational MedicineDepartment of Health Sciences and TechnologyETH Zurich8093ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Franziska Grob
- Laboratory of Applied MechanobiologyInstitute of Translational MedicineDepartment of Health Sciences and TechnologyETH Zurich8093ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Tadahiro Yamashita
- Laboratory of Applied MechanobiologyInstitute of Translational MedicineDepartment of Health Sciences and TechnologyETH Zurich8093ZurichSwitzerland
- Present address:
Department of System Design EngineeringKeio University108‐8345YokohamaJapan
| | - Julia Mehl
- Laboratory of Applied MechanobiologyInstitute of Translational MedicineDepartment of Health Sciences and TechnologyETH Zurich8093ZurichSwitzerland
- Present address:
Julius Wolff InstituteBerlin Institute of HealthCharité Universitätsmedizin Berlin10117BerlinGermany
| | - Vahid Hosseini
- Laboratory of Applied MechanobiologyInstitute of Translational MedicineDepartment of Health Sciences and TechnologyETH Zurich8093ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Maximilian Y. Emmert
- Department of Cardiovascular SurgeryCharité Universitätsmedizin Berlin10117BerlinGermany
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular SurgeryGerman Heart Center Berlin13353BerlinGermany
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM)University of Zurich8006ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Volkmar Falk
- Department of Cardiovascular SurgeryCharité Universitätsmedizin Berlin10117BerlinGermany
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular SurgeryGerman Heart Center Berlin13353BerlinGermany
- Department of Health Sciences and TechnologyETH Zurich8093ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Viola Vogel
- Laboratory of Applied MechanobiologyInstitute of Translational MedicineDepartment of Health Sciences and TechnologyETH Zurich8093ZurichSwitzerland
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Zhou R, Wu Y, Chen K, Zhang D, Chen Q, Zhang D, She Y, Zhang W, Liu L, Zhu Y, Gao C, Liu R. A Polymeric Strategy Empowering Vascular Cell Selectivity and Potential Application Superior to Extracellular Matrix Peptides. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2200464. [PMID: 36047924 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202200464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Endothelialization of vascular implants plays a vital role in maintaining the long-term vascular patency. In situ endothelialization and re-endothelialization is generally achieved by selectively promoting endothelial cell (EC) adhesion and, meanwhile, suppressing smooth muscle cell (SMC) adhesion. Currently, such EC versus SMC selectivity is achieved and extensively used in vascular-related biomaterials utilizing extracellular-matrix-derived EC-selective peptides, dominantly REDV and YIGSR. Nevertheless, the application of EC-selective peptides is limited due to their easy proteolysis, time-consuming synthesis, and expensiveness. To address these limitations, a polymeric strategy in designing and finding EC-selective biomaterials using amphiphilic β-peptide polymers by tuning serum protein adsorption is reported. The optimal β-peptide polymer displays EC versus SMC selectivity even superior to EC-selective REDV peptide regarding cell adhesion, proliferation, and migration of ECs versus SMCs. Study of the mechanism indicates that surface adsorption of bovine serum albumin, an abundant and anti-adhesive serum protein, plays a critical role in the ECs versus SMCs selectivity of β-peptide polymer. In addition, surface modification of the optimal β-peptide polymer effectively promotes the endothelialization of vascular implants and inhibits intimal hyperplasia. This study provides an alternative strategy in designing and finding EC-selective biomaterials, implying great potential in the vascular-related biomaterial study and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yueming Wu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Kang Chen
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Deteng Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Donghui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yunrui She
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Longqiang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yueqi Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600, Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Changyou Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Runhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
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Vallejo-Zamora JA, Vega-Cantu YI, Rodriguez C, Cordell GA, Rodriguez-Garcia A. Drug-Eluting, Bioresorbable Cardiovascular Stents─Challenges and Perspectives. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:4701-4717. [PMID: 36150217 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Globally, the leading causes of natural death are attributed to coronary heart disease and type 1 and type 2 diabetes. High blood pressure levels, high cholesterol levels, smoking, and poor eating habits lead to the agglomeration of plaque in the arteries, reducing the blood flow. The implantation of devices used to unclog vessels, known as stents, sometimes results in a lack of irrigation due to the excessive proliferation of endothelial tissue within the blood vessels and is known as restenosis. The use of drug-eluting stents (DESs) to deliver antiproliferative drugs has led to the development of different encapsulation techniques. However, due to the potency of the drugs used in the initial stent designs, a chronic inflammatory reaction of the arterial wall known as thrombosis can cause a myocardial infarction (MI). One of the most promising drugs to reduce this risk is everolimus, which can be encapsulated in lipid systems for controlled release directly into the artery. This review aims to discuss the current status of stent design, fabrication, and functionalization. Variables such as the mechanical properties, metals and their alloys, drug encapsulation and controlled elution, and stent degradation are also addressed. Additionally, this review covers the use of polymeric surface coatings on stents and the recent advances in layer-by-layer coating and drug delivery. The advances in nanoencapsulation techniques such as liposomes and micro- and nanoemulsions and their functionalization in bioresorbable, drug-eluting stents are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio A Vallejo-Zamora
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, Nuevo León64849, Mexico
| | - Yadira I Vega-Cantu
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, Nuevo León64849, Mexico
| | - Ciro Rodriguez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, Nuevo León64849, Mexico
- Laboratorio Nacional de Manufactura Aditiva y Digital (MADIT), Apodaca, Nuevo León66629, Mexico
| | - Geoffrey A Cordell
- Natural Products, Inc., Evanston, Illinois60201, United States
- College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida32610, United States
| | - Aida Rodriguez-Garcia
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, Nuevo León64849, Mexico
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Ciudad Universitaria, Ave. Pedro de Alba S/N, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León66455, Mexico
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35
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González-Pérez F, Acosta S, Rütten S, Emonts C, Kopp A, Henke HW, Bruners P, Gries T, Rodríguez-Cabello JC, Jockenhoevel S, Fernández-Colino A. Biohybrid elastin-like venous valve with potential for in situ tissue engineering. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:988533. [PMID: 36213079 PMCID: PMC9532864 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.988533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is a leading vascular disease whose clinical manifestations include varicose veins, edemas, venous ulcers, and venous hypertension, among others. Therapies targeting this medical issue are scarce, and so far, no single venous valve prosthesis is clinically available. Herein, we have designed a bi-leaflet transcatheter venous valve that consists of (i) elastin-like recombinamers, (ii) a textile mesh reinforcement, and (iii) a bioabsorbable magnesium stent structure. Mechanical characterization of the resulting biohybrid elastin-like venous valves (EVV) showed an anisotropic behavior equivalent to the native bovine saphenous vein valves and mechanical strength suitable for vascular implantation. The EVV also featured minimal hemolysis and platelet adhesion, besides actively supporting endothelialization in vitro, thus setting the basis for its application as an in situ tissue engineering implant. In addition, the hydrodynamic testing in a pulsatile bioreactor demonstrated excellent hemodynamic valve performance, with minimal regurgitation (<10%) and pressure drop (<5 mmHg). No stagnation points were detected and an in vitro simulated transcatheter delivery showed the ability of the venous valve to withstand the implantation procedure. These results present a promising concept of a biohybrid transcatheter venous valve as an off-the-shelf implant, with great potential to provide clinical solutions for CVI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando González-Pérez
- Bioforge Lab (Group for Advanced Materials and Nanobiotechnology), CIBER-BBN, Edificio LUCIA, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Sergio Acosta
- Department of Biohybrid and Medical Textiles (BioTex), AME–Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stephan Rütten
- Electron Microscopy Facility, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Caroline Emonts
- Institut für Textiltechnik Aachen (ITA), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | | | - Philipp Bruners
- Klinik für Diagnostische and Interventionelle Radiologie, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Gries
- Institut für Textiltechnik Aachen (ITA), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - J. Carlos Rodríguez-Cabello
- Bioforge Lab (Group for Advanced Materials and Nanobiotechnology), CIBER-BBN, Edificio LUCIA, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Stefan Jockenhoevel
- Department of Biohybrid and Medical Textiles (BioTex), AME–Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- AMIBM-Aachen-Maastricht-Institute for Biobased Materials, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Stefan Jockenhoevel, ; Alicia Fernández-Colino,
| | - Alicia Fernández-Colino
- Department of Biohybrid and Medical Textiles (BioTex), AME–Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Stefan Jockenhoevel, ; Alicia Fernández-Colino,
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Exarchos V, Zacharova E, Neuber S, Giampietro C, Motta SE, Hinkov H, Emmert MY, Nazari-Shafti TZ. The path to a hemocompatible cardiovascular implant: Advances and challenges of current endothelialization strategies. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:971028. [PMID: 36186971 PMCID: PMC9515323 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.971028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular (CV) implants are still associated with thrombogenicity due to insufficient hemocompatibility. Endothelialization of their luminal surface is a promising strategy to increase their hemocompatibility. In this review, we provide a collection of research studies and review articles aiming to summarize the recent efforts on surface modifications of CV implants, including stents, grafts, valves, and ventricular assist devises. We focus in particular on the implementation of micrometer or nanoscale surface modifications, physical characteristics of known biomaterials (such as wetness and stiffness), and surface morphological features (such as gratings, fibers, pores, and pits). We also review how biomechanical signals originating from the endothelial cell for surface interaction can be directed by topography engineering approaches toward the survival of the endothelium and its long-term adaptation. Finally, we summarize the regulatory and economic challenges that may prevent clinical implementation of endothelialized CV implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios Exarchos
- Cardiosurgical Research Group, Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Translational Cardiovascular Regenerative Technologies Group, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ema Zacharova
- Cardiosurgical Research Group, Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Translational Cardiovascular Regenerative Technologies Group, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Life Sciences, IMC University of Applied Sciences Krems, Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Sebastian Neuber
- Cardiosurgical Research Group, Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Translational Cardiovascular Regenerative Technologies Group, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany
| | - Costanza Giampietro
- Experimental Continuum Mechanics, Empa Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Institute for Mechanical Systems, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah E. Motta
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hristian Hinkov
- Cardiosurgical Research Group, Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Translational Cardiovascular Regenerative Technologies Group, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maximilian Y. Emmert
- Cardiosurgical Research Group, Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Translational Cardiovascular Regenerative Technologies Group, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Clinic for Cardiovascular Surgery, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Timo Z. Nazari-Shafti
- Cardiosurgical Research Group, Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Translational Cardiovascular Regenerative Technologies Group, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Biomedical Innovation Academy, BIH Charité (Junior) (Digital) Clinician Scientist Program, Berlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Timo Z. Nazari-Shafti,
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Berisha B, Ragnarsson S, Olaison L, Rasmussen M. Microbiological etiology in prosthetic valve endocarditis: A nationwide registry study. J Intern Med 2022; 292:428-437. [PMID: 35373870 PMCID: PMC9541636 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) is a feared complication after heart valve surgery. Studies on differences in bacteriology in various types of PVE are limited. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the microbiology of PVE depending on the type of prosthetic valve and timing of diagnosis. METHODS A retrospective study based on the Swedish Registry on Infective Endocarditis focusing on PVE was conducted. The cohort was divided into mechanical and bioprosthetic valves; into endocarditis localization in the aortic, mitral, or tricuspid valve; and into early and late PVE. The microbiology in these groups was compared. Predictors of Staphylococcus aureus as the cause of PVE were examined by multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS A total of 780 episodes of PVE in 749 patients were compared regarding the distribution of causative microbiological agents. The most common agents included alpha-hemolytic streptococci (29%), S. aureus (22%), enterococci (14%), coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) (12%), and Cutibacterium acnes (6%). S. aureus was more commonly found on mechanical valves compared to bioprosthetic ones (36% vs. 17%, p < 0.001) whereas alpha-hemolytic streptococci, enterococci, and CoNS were more common on bioprosthetic valves. There were no significant differences in the microbiology of PVE affecting mitral or aortic valves or in cases of early and late PVE. Predictors for S. aureus as the cause of PVE were end-stage renal disease, intravenous drug use, mechanical valve, and tricuspid localization of endocarditis. CONCLUSIONS The type of prosthetic heart valve is associated with the causative pathogen. Patients with mechanical valves are more likely to have PVE caused by S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blerand Berisha
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department for Infectious Diseases, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sigurdur Ragnarsson
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department for Clinical Sciences Lund, Skane University Hospital and Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lars Olaison
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Magnus Rasmussen
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department for Infectious Diseases, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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Li J, Zhuo N, Zhang J, Sun Q, Si J, Wang K, Zhi D. The loading of C-type natriuretic peptides improved hemocompatibility and vascular regeneration of electrospun poly(ε-caprolactone) grafts. Acta Biomater 2022; 151:304-316. [PMID: 36002127 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
As a result of thrombosis or intimal hyperplasia, synthetic artificial vascular grafts had a low success rate when they were used to replace small-diameter arteries (inner diameter < 6 mm). C-type natriuretic peptides (CNP) have anti-thrombotic effects, and can promote endothelial cell (EC) proliferation and inhibit vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) over-growth. In this study, poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) vascular grafts loaded with CNP (PCL-CNP) were constructed by electrospinning. The PCL-CNP grafts were able to continuously release CNP at least 25 days in vitro. The results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and mechanical testing showed that the loading of CNP did not change the microstructure and mechanical properties of the PCL grafts. In vitro blood compatibility analysis displayed that PCL-CNP grafts could inhibit thrombin activity and reduce platelet adhesion and activation. In vitro cell experiments demonstrated that PCL-CNP grafts activated ERK1/2 and Akt signaling in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), as well as increased cyclin D1 expression, enhanced proliferation and migration, and increased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion and nitric oxide (NO) production. The rabbit arteriovenous (AV)-shunt ex vitro indicated that CNP loading significantly improved the antithrombogenicity of PCL grafts. The assessment of vascular grafts in rat abdominal aorta implantation model displayed that PCL-CNP grafts promoted the regeneration of ECs and contractile SMCs, modulated macrophage polarization toward M2 phenotype, and enhanced extracellular matrix remodeling. These findings confirmed for the first time that loading CNP is an effective approach to improve the hemocompatibility and vascular regeneration of synthetic vascular grafts. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: : Small-diameter (< 6 mm) vascular grafts (SDVGs) have not been made clinically available due to their prevalence of thrombosis, limited endothelial regeneration and intimal hyperplasia. The incorporation of bioactive molecules into SDVGs serves as an effective solution to improve hemocompatibility and endothelialization. In this study, for the first time, we loaded C-type natriuretic peptides (CNP) into PCL grafts by electrospunning and confirmed the effectiveness of loading CNP on improving the hemocompatibility and vascular regeneration of artificial vascular grafts. Regenerative advantages included enhancement of endothelialization, modulation of macrophage polarization toward M2 phenotypes, and improved contractile smooth muscle cell regeneration. Our investigation brings attention to CNP as a valuable bioactive molecule for modifying cardiovascular biomaterial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China.
| | - Na Zhuo
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Jingai Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Qiqi Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jianghua Si
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Kai Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Dengke Zhi
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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Kakinoki S, Nishioka S, Arichi Y, Yamaoka T. Stable and direct coating of fibronectin-derived Leu-Asp-Val peptide on ePTFE using one-pot tyrosine oxidation for endothelial cell adhesion. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 216:112576. [PMID: 35636324 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) is widely used in clinical applications, such as in the manufacture of blood-contacting implantable devices, owing to its flexibility, biostability, and non-adhesiveness. Modification with peptides is an effective strategy to further improve the ePTFE function. However, the chemical stability of PTFE makes it difficult to modify with peptides. In this study, we reported a simple method for the dense and stable coating of biofunctional peptides on the ePTFE surface through the anchor sequence, Tyr-Lys-Tyr-Lys-Tyr-Lys (YK3). A peptide (YK3-LDV) incorporating the YK3 anchor and a ligand sequence for α4β1 integrin, Leu-Asp-Val (LDV), was successfully coated on ePTFE grafts through one-pot oxidation. The peptide layer constructed via YK3-LDV coating on ePTFE was stable and resistant to extensive washing by aqueous solutions of highly concentrated salts and surfactants. YK3-LDV coating promoted the in vitro adhesion of endothelial cells to ePTFE. Furthermore, YK3-LDV coating accelerated the in vivo formation of neointima-like tissue in a rat model with an ePTFE patch implanted into the carotid artery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiro Kakinoki
- Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-0836, Japan; Organization for Research and Development of Innovative Science and Technology, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-0836, Japan; Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 6-1 Kishibe-Shimmachi, Suita, Osaka 564-8565, Japan.
| | - Satoru Nishioka
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-0836, Japan
| | - Yuki Arichi
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-0836, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Yamaoka
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 6-1 Kishibe-Shimmachi, Suita, Osaka 564-8565, Japan
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Topography Control of Micro-Nanosized Anatase Coating on Magnesium Alloy. COATINGS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings12081063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Constructing surface topographies in the micro- or nanometer range is an effective way to improve the biocompatibility of biomaterials. For the present work, anatase coatings with controllable micro/nanoscale characteristics were successfully prepared on an MgZn alloy surface via solvothermal route, and their formation mechanisms are discussed. The features of the as-prepared coatings were characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), a transmission electron microscope (TEM), an atomic force microscope (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and a contact angle goniometer. The corrosion behavior of the coatings was also evaluated by testing the open circuit potential (OCP) in SBF (Simulated Body Fluid). The results show that a gradual variation of the anatase coating morphologies was obtained through adjusting the solvothermal reaction conditions. With the increase of NH4F concentration in the solution, the cross-combined anatase nanosheets became more dispersed. The micro/nanostructured anatase coatings provide the MgZn alloy with good corrosion resistance, which increased with the density of anatase nanosheets in the coatings. In addition, the coatings exhibit the inhibition of platelet aggregation, and the micro/nano structures can also adsorb endothelial cells.
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Polymer–Metal Composite Healthcare Materials: From Nano to Device Scale. JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jcs6080218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Metals have been investigated as biomaterials for a wide range of medical applications. At nanoscale, some metals, such as gold nanoparticles, exhibit plasmonics, which have motivated researchers’ focus on biosensor development. At the device level, some metals, such as titanium, exhibit good physical properties, which could allow them to act as biomedical implants for physical support. Despite these attractive features, the non-specific delivery of metallic nanoparticles and poor tissue–device compatibility have greatly limited their performance. This review aims to illustrate the interplay between polymers and metals, and to highlight the pivotal role of polymer–metal composite/nanocomposite healthcare materials in different biomedical applications. Here, we revisit the recent plasmonic engineered platforms for biomolecules detection in cell-free samples and highlight updated nanocomposite design for (1) intracellular RNA detection, (2) photothermal therapy, and (3) nanomedicine for neurodegenerative diseases, as selected significant live cell–interactive biomedical applications. At the device scale, the rational design of polymer–metallic medical devices is of importance for dental and cardiovascular implantation to overcome the poor physical load transfer between tissues and devices, as well as implant compatibility under a dynamic fluidic environment, respectively. Finally, we conclude the treatment of these innovative polymer–metal biomedical composite designs and provide a future perspective on the aforementioned research areas.
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Liu X, Wang N, Liu X, Deng R, Kang R, Xie L. Vascular Repair by Grafting Based on Magnetic Nanoparticles. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071433. [PMID: 35890328 PMCID: PMC9320478 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have attracted much attention in the past few decades because of their unique magnetic responsiveness. Especially in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, they are mostly involved in non-invasive ways and have achieved good results. The magnetic responsiveness of MNPs is strictly controlled by the size, crystallinity, uniformity, and surface properties of the synthesized particles. In this review, we summarized the classification of MNPs and their application in vascular repair. MNPs mainly use their unique magnetic properties to participate in vascular repair, including magnetic stimulation, magnetic drive, magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic hyperthermia, magnetic assembly scaffolds, and magnetic targeted drug delivery, which can significantly affect scaffold performance, cell behavior, factor secretion, drug release, etc. Although there are still challenges in the large-scale clinical application of MNPs, its good non-invasive way to participate in vascular repair and the establishment of a continuous detection process is still the future development direction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Lin Xie
- Correspondence: (R.K.); (L.X.)
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43
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Kang H, Yan G, Zhang W, Xu J, Guo J, Yang J, Liu X, Sun A, Chen Z, Fan Y, Deng X. Impaired endothelial cell proliferative, migratory, and adhesive abilities are associated with the slow endothelialization of polycaprolactone vascular grafts implanted into a hypercholesterolemia rat model. Acta Biomater 2022; 149:233-247. [PMID: 35811068 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Most small diameter vascular grafts (inner diameter<6 mm) evaluation studies are performed in healthy animals that cannot represent the clinical situation. Herein, an hypercholesterolemia (HC) rat model with thickened intima and elevated expression of pro-inflammatory intercellular adhesion molecular-1 (ICAM-1) in the carotid branch is established. Electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) vascular grafts (length: 1 cm; inner diameter: 2 mm) are implanted into the HC rat abdominal aortas in an end to end fashion and followed up to 43 days, showing a relative lower patency accompanied by significant neointima hyperplasia, abundant collagen deposition, and slower endothelialization than those implanted into healthy ones. Moreover, the proliferation, migration, and adhesion behavior of endothelial cells (ECs) isolated from the HC aortas are impaired as evaluated under both static and pulsatile flow conditions. DNA microarray studies of the HC aortic endothelium suggest genes involved in EC proliferation (Egr2), apoptosis (Zbtb16 and Mt1), and metabolism (Slc7a11 and Hamp) are down regulated. These results suggest the impaired proliferative, migratory, and adhesive abilities of ECs are associated with the bad performances of grafts in HC rat. Future pre-clinical evaluation of small diameter vascular grafts may concern more disease animal models with clinical complications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: During the development of small diameter vascular grafts (D<6 mm), young and healthy animal models from pigs, sheep, dogs, to rabbits and rats are preferred. However, it cannot represent the clinic situation, where most cardiovascular grafting procedures are performed in the elderly and age is the primary risk factor for disease development or death. Herein, the performance of electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) vascular grafts implanted into hypercholesterolemia (HC) or healthy rats were evaluated. Results suggest the proliferative, migratory, and adhesive abilities of endothelial cells (ECs) are already impaired in HC rats, which contributes to the observed slower endothelialization of implanted PCL grafts. Future pre-clinical evaluation of small diameter vascular grafts may concern more disease animal models with clinical complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Kang
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Guiqin Yan
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Weichen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Junwei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jiaxin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jiali Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Anqiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zengsheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yubo Fan
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Deng
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Simard TJ, Hibbert B, Alkhouli MA, Abraham NS, Holmes DR. Device-related thrombus following left atrial appendage occlusion. EUROINTERVENTION 2022; 18:224-232. [PMID: 35440430 DOI: 10.4244/eij-d-21-01010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Thrombus formation on intracardiac devices remains a subject of importance, with rates in the 2-5% range. Device-related thrombus (DRT) following left atrial appendage occlusion is an area of particular concern considering its association with embolic events. DRT continues to present numerous questions, including the optimal definition, incidence, risk factors, monitoring, therapy, and clinical outcomes - all subjects of ongoing assessment. Herein, we discuss these considerations, building upon the relevant historical context and pathophysiologic insights while discussing the future considerations in this rapidly evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor J Simard
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Benjamin Hibbert
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Neena S Abraham
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - David R Holmes
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Canjuga D, Hansen C, Halbrügge F, Hann L, Weiß S, Schlensak C, Wendel HP, Avci-Adali M. Improving hemocompatibility of artificial lungs by click conjugation of glycoengineered endothelial cells onto blood-contacting surfaces. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 137:212824. [PMID: 35929239 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Artificial lungs, also known as oxygenators, allow adequate oxygenation of the blood in patients with severe respiratory failure and enable patient survival. However, the insufficient hemocompatibility of the current of artificial lungs hampers their long-term use. Therefore, in this study, a novel strategy was developed to efficiently endothelialize blood-contacting surfaces to improve their hemocompatibility. Hollow fiber membranes (HFMs) were functionalized with dibenzylcyclooctyne (DBCO), and endothelial cells were glycoengineered for covalent conjugation to DBCO by a copper-free click reaction. Metabolic glycoengineering using azidoacetylmannosamine-tetraacylated (Ac4ManNAz) resulted in highly efficient functionalization of endothelial cells with azide (N3) molecules on the cell surface without negative impact on cell viability. After 48 h, significantly improved endothelialization was detected on the HFM surfaces functionalized with DBCO compared to unmodified HFMs. Endothelial cells were responsive to inflammatory stimulus and expressed adhesion-promoting molecules (E-selectin, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1). Furthermore, the hemocompatibility of HFMs was analyzed by dynamic incubation with fresh human blood. DBCO-coated and uncoated HFMs showed a comparable hemocompatibility, but the endothelialization of HFMs significantly reduced the activation of blood coagulation and platelets. Interestingly, the incubation of endothelialized HFMs with human blood further reduced the expression of E-selectin and VCAM-1 in endothelial cells. In this study, a highly efficient, cell-compatible method for endothelialization of artificial lungs was established. This click chemistry-based method can be also applied for the endothelialization of other artificial surfaces for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Canjuga
- University Hospital Tuebingen, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Caroline Hansen
- University Hospital Tuebingen, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Franziska Halbrügge
- University Hospital Tuebingen, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ludmilla Hann
- University Hospital Tuebingen, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Sarina Weiß
- University Hospital Tuebingen, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Christian Schlensak
- University Hospital Tuebingen, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Wendel
- University Hospital Tuebingen, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Meltem Avci-Adali
- University Hospital Tuebingen, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
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46
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Nguyen MTN, Tran HLB. In-Vitro Endothelialization Assessment of Heparinized Bovine Pericardial Scaffold for Cardiovascular Application. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14112156. [PMID: 35683829 PMCID: PMC9182580 DOI: 10.3390/polym14112156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Hemocompatibility is a critical challenge for tissue-derived biomaterial when directly contacting the bloodstream. In addition to surface modification with heparin, endothelialization of the grafted material is suggested to improve long-term clinical efficacy. This study aimed to evaluate the ability to endothelialize in vitro of heparinized bovine pericardial scaffolds. (2) Methods: bovine pericardial scaffolds were fabricated and heparinized using a layer-by-layer assembly technique. The heparinized scaffolds were characterized for heparin content, surface morphology, and blood compatibility. Liquid extraction of the samples was prepared for cytotoxicity testing on human endothelial cells. The in-vitro endothelialization was determined via human endothelial cell attachment and proliferation on the scaffold. (3) Results: The heparinized bovine pericardial scaffold exhibited a heparin coating within its microfiber network. The scaffold surface immobilized with heparin performed good anti-thrombosis and prevented platelet adherence. The proper cytotoxicity impact was observed for a freshly used heparinized sample. After 24 h washing in PBS 1X, the cell compatibility of the heparinized scaffolds was improved. In-vitro examination results exhibited human endothelial cell attachment and proliferation for 7 days of culture. (4) Conclusions: Our in-vitro analysis provided evidence for the scaffold's ability to support endothelialization, which benefits long-term thromboresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- My Thi Ngoc Nguyen
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Biomedical Materials, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam;
- Department of Physiology and Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology—Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Ha Le Bao Tran
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Biomedical Materials, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam;
- Department of Physiology and Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology—Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
- Correspondence:
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A prospective ex vivo biomechanical analysis of retrievable inferior vena cava filters. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord 2022; 10:1095-1100.e3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvsv.2022.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Lu J, Hu X, Yuan T, Cao J, Zhao Y, Xiong C, Li K, Ye X, Xu T, Zhao J. 3D-Printed Poly (P-Dioxanone) Stent for Endovascular Application: In Vitro Evaluations. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14091755. [PMID: 35566924 PMCID: PMC9103802 DOI: 10.3390/polym14091755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid formation of innovative, inexpensive, personalized, and quickly reproducible artery bioresorbable stents (BRSs) is significantly important for treating dangerous and sometimes deadly cerebrovascular disorders. It is greatly challenging to give BRSs excellent mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and bioabsorbability. The current BRSs, which are mostly fabricated from poly-l-lactide (PLLA), are usually applied to coronary revascularization but may not be suitable for cerebrovascular revascularization. Here, novel 3D-printed BRSs for cerebrovascular disease enabling anti-stenosis and gradually disappearing after vessel endothelialization are designed and fabricated by combining biocompatible poly (p-dioxanone) (PPDO) and 3D printing technology for the first time. We can control the strut thickness and vessel coverage of BRSs by adjusting the printing parameters to make the size of BRSs suitable for small-diameter vascular use. We added bis-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl) carbodiimide (commercial name: stabaxol®-1) to PPDO to improve its hydrolytic stability without affecting its mechanical properties and biocompatibility. In vitro cell experiments confirmed that endothelial cells can be conveniently seeded and attached to the BRSs and subsequently demonstrated good proliferation ability. Owing to the excellent mechanical properties of the monofilaments fabricated by the PPDO, the 3D-printed BRSs with PPDO monofilaments support desirable flexibility, therefore offering a novel BRS application in the vascular disorders field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlin Lu
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China; (J.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Xulin Hu
- Clinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610081, China; (X.H.); (K.L.)
| | - Tianyu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems, Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
| | - Jianfei Cao
- School of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Chengdu Technology University, Chengdu 610041, China;
| | - Yuanli Zhao
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China; (J.L.); (Y.Z.)
- Beijing Translational Engineering Enter for 3D Printer in Clinical Neuroscience, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Chengdong Xiong
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China;
| | - Kainan Li
- Clinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610081, China; (X.H.); (K.L.)
| | - Xun Ye
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China; (J.L.); (Y.Z.)
- Beijing Translational Engineering Enter for 3D Printer in Clinical Neuroscience, Beijing 100070, China
- Correspondence: (X.Y.); (T.X.); (J.Z.)
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing and Living Matter Bioprinting Center, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518057, China
- East China Institute of Digital Medical Engineering, Shangrao 334000, China
- Correspondence: (X.Y.); (T.X.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jizong Zhao
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China; (J.L.); (Y.Z.)
- Beijing Translational Engineering Enter for 3D Printer in Clinical Neuroscience, Beijing 100070, China
- Correspondence: (X.Y.); (T.X.); (J.Z.)
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Cheng S, Liu X, Qian Y, Maitusong M, Yu K, Cao N, Fang J, Liu F, Chen J, Xu D, Zhu G, Ren T, Wang J. Double-Network Hydrogel Armored Decellularized Porcine Pericardium as Durable Bioprosthetic Heart Valves. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2102059. [PMID: 34969157 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202102059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Heart valves have extraordinary fatigue resistance which beat ≈3 billion times in a lifetime. Bioprosthetic heart valves (BHVs) made from fixed heteroplasm that are incrementally used in heart valve replacement fail to sustain the expected durability due to thrombosis, poor endothelialization, inflammation, calcification, and especially mechanical damage induced biocompatibility change. No effective strategy has been reported to conserve the biological properties of BHV after long-term fatigue test. Here, a double-network tough hydrogel is introduced, which interpenetrate and anchor into the matrix of decellularized porcine pericardium (dCell-PP) to form robust and stable conformal coatings and reduce immunogenicity. The ionic crosslinked hyaluronic acid (HA) network mimics the glycocalyx on endothelium which improves antithrombosis and accelerates endothelialization; the chemical crosslinked hydrophilic polyacrylamide (PAAm) network further enhances antifouling properties and strengthens the shielding hydrogels and their interaction with dCell-PP. In vitro and rabbit ex vivo shunt assay demonstrate great hemocompatibility of polyacrylamide/HA hydrogel hybrid PP (P/H-PP). Cell experiments and rat subcutaneous implantation confirm satisfactory endothelialization, biocompatibility, and anticalcification properties. For hydrodynamic experiment, P/H-PP gains full mark at different flow conditions and sustains excellent biomechanical and biological properties after 200 000 000 cycles. P/H double-network hydrogel armoring dCell-PP is a promising progress to extend BHV durability for clinical implantation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Cheng
- Department of Cardiology of The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310009 P. R. China
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou 310009 P. R. China
| | - Xianbao Liu
- Department of Cardiology of The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310009 P. R. China
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou 310009 P. R. China
| | - Yi Qian
- Department of Cardiology of The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310009 P. R. China
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou 310009 P. R. China
| | - Miribani Maitusong
- Department of Cardiology of The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310009 P. R. China
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou 310009 P. R. China
| | - Kaixiang Yu
- Department of Cardiology of The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310009 P. R. China
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou 310009 P. R. China
| | - Naifang Cao
- Department of Cardiology of The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310009 P. R. China
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou 310009 P. R. China
| | - Juan Fang
- Department of Cardiology of The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310009 P. R. China
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou 310009 P. R. China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Cardiology of The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310009 P. R. China
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou 310009 P. R. China
| | - Jinyong Chen
- Department of Cardiology of The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310009 P. R. China
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou 310009 P. R. China
| | - Dilin Xu
- Department of Cardiology of The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310009 P. R. China
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou 310009 P. R. China
| | - Gangjie Zhu
- Department of Cardiology of The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310009 P. R. China
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou 310009 P. R. China
| | - Tanchen Ren
- Department of Cardiology of The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310009 P. R. China
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou 310009 P. R. China
| | - Jian'an Wang
- Department of Cardiology of The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310009 P. R. China
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou 310009 P. R. China
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Tri-Layered Vascular Grafts Guide Vascular Cells’ Native-like Arrangement. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14071370. [PMID: 35406244 PMCID: PMC9003212 DOI: 10.3390/polym14071370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Bionic grafts hold great promise for directing tissue regeneration. In vascular tissue engineering, although a large number of synthetic grafts have been constructed, these substitutes only partially recapitulated the tri-layered structure of native arteries. Synthetic polymers such as poly(l-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) (PLCL) possess good biocompatibility, controllable degradation, remarkable processability, and sufficient mechanical strength. These properties of PLCL show great promise for fabricating synthetic vascular substitutes. Here, tri-layered PLCL vascular grafts (TVGs) composed of a smooth inner layer, circumferentially aligned fibrous middle layer, and randomly distributed fibrous outer layer were prepared by sequentially using ink printing, wet spinning, and electrospinning techniques. TVGs possessed kink resistance and sufficient mechanical properties (tensile strength, elastic modulus, suture retention strength, and burst pressure) equivalent to the gold standard conduits of clinical application, i.e., human saphenous veins and human internal mammary arteries. The stratified structure of TVGs exhibited a visible guiding effect on specific vascular cells including enhancing endothelial cell (EC) monolayer formation, favoring vascular smooth muscle cells’ (VSMCs) arrangement and elongation, and facilitating fibroblasts’ proliferation and junction establishment. Our research provides a new avenue for designing synthetic vascular grafts with polymers.
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