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Mandal A, Chatterjee K. 4D printing for biomedical applications. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:2985-3005. [PMID: 38436200 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00006d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
While three-dimensional (3D) printing excels at fabricating static constructs, it fails to emulate the dynamic behavior of native tissues or the temporal programmability desired for medical devices. Four-dimensional (4D) printing is an advanced additive manufacturing technology capable of fabricating constructs that can undergo pre-programmed changes in shape, property, or functionality when exposed to specific stimuli. In this Perspective, we summarize the advances in materials chemistry, 3D printing strategies, and post-printing methodologies that collectively facilitate the realization of temporal dynamics within 4D-printed soft materials (hydrogels, shape-memory polymers, liquid crystalline elastomers), ceramics, and metals. We also discuss and present insights about the diverse biomedical applications of 4D printing, including tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, drug delivery, in vitro models, and medical devices. Finally, we discuss the current challenges and emphasize the importance of an application-driven design approach to enable the clinical translation and widespread adoption of 4D printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkodip Mandal
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India.
| | - Kaushik Chatterjee
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India.
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2
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Moon S. A Planar-Type Micro-Biopsy Tool for a Capsule-Type Endoscope Using a One-Step Nickel Electroplating Process. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1900. [PMID: 37893337 PMCID: PMC10609584 DOI: 10.3390/mi14101900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Millimeter-scale biopsy tools combined with an endoscope instrument have been widely used for minimal invasive surgery and medical diagnosis. Recently, a capsule-type endoscope was developed, which requires micromachining to fabricate micro-scale biopsy tools that have a sharp tip and other complex features, e.g., nanometer-scale end-tip sharpness and a complex scalpel design. However, conventional machining approaches are not cost-effective for mass production and cannot fabricate the micrometer-scale features needed for biopsy tools. Here, we demonstrate an electroplated nickel micro-biopsy tool which features a planar shape and is suitable to be equipped with a capsule-type endoscope. Planar-type micro-biopsy tools are designed, fabricated, and evaluated through in vitro tissue dissection experiments. Various micro-biopsy tools with a long shaft and sharp tip can be easily fabricated using a thick photoresist (SU8) mold via a simple one-step lithography and nickel electroplating process. The characteristics of various micro-biopsy tool design features, including a tip taper angle, different tool geometries, and a cutting scalpel, are evaluated for efficient tissue extraction from mice intestine. These fabricated biopsy tools have shown appropriate strength and sharpness with a sufficient amount of tissue extraction for clinical applications, e.g., cancer tissue biopsy. These micro-scale biopsy tools could be easily integrated with a capsule-type endoscope and conventional forceps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangjun Moon
- Department of Mechanical Convergence Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Changwon 51391, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea; ; Tel.: +82-55-250-7304; Fax: +82-55-250-7399
- Cyberneticsimagingsystems Co., Ltd., Changwon 51391, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
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3
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Peng XY(L, Peng L, Guo Y. Manipulating nanoliter fluid circuits on an all-glass chip by the magnetic field. iScience 2023; 26:107659. [PMID: 37680486 PMCID: PMC10481363 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Actively controlled nanoliter fluid circuits are an urgently needed technology in electronics, biomedicine, chemical synthesis, and biosensing. The difficulty lies in how to drive the microfluid in an isolated and airtight manner in glass wafer. We used a magnetic oscillator pump to realize the switching of the circulation direction and controlling the flow rate of the 10nL fluid. Results of two-dimensional numerical simulations shows that the flow field can reach a steady state and a stable flow can be obtained. The contribution of each vibration cycle to the flow rate is proportional to the frequency, decays exponentially with the viscosity, is proportional to the 4.2 power of the amplitude, and is proportional to the radius. Compared with the existing fluid technology, this technology realizes the steering and flow control of a fully enclosed magnetic control fluid circuit as small as 10nL in hard materials for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Linghan Peng
- Biology Department, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Yaxin Guo
- Biology Department, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
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4
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Salerno A, Netti PA. Review on Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing of Drug Delivery Scaffolds for Cell Guidance and Tissue Regeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:682133. [PMID: 34249885 PMCID: PMC8264554 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.682133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, additive manufacturing (AM) processes have updated the fields of biomaterials science and drug delivery as they promise to realize bioengineered multifunctional devices and implantable tissue engineering (TE) scaffolds virtually designed by using computer-aided design (CAD) models. However, the current technological gap between virtual scaffold design and practical AM processes makes it still challenging to realize scaffolds capable of encoding all structural and cell regulatory functions of the native extracellular matrix (ECM) of health and diseased tissues. Indeed, engineering porous scaffolds capable of sequestering and presenting even a complex array of biochemical and biophysical signals in a time- and space-regulated manner, require advanced automated platforms suitable of processing simultaneously biomaterials, cells, and biomolecules at nanometric-size scale. The aim of this work was to review the recent scientific literature about AM fabrication of drug delivery scaffolds for TE. This review focused on bioactive molecule loading into three-dimensional (3D) porous scaffolds, and their release effects on cell fate and tissue growth. We reviewed CAD-based strategies, such as bioprinting, to achieve passive and stimuli-responsive drug delivery scaffolds for TE and cancer precision medicine. Finally, we describe the authors' perspective regarding the next generation of CAD techniques and the advantages of AM, microfluidic, and soft lithography integration for enhancing 3D porous scaffold bioactivation toward functional bioengineered tissues and organs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paolo A. Netti
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Naples, Italy
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biomaterials, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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5
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Villarruel Mendoza LA, Scilletta NA, Bellino MG, Desimone MF, Catalano PN. Recent Advances in Micro-Electro-Mechanical Devices for Controlled Drug Release Applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:827. [PMID: 32850709 PMCID: PMC7405504 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, controlled release of drugs has posed numerous challenges with the aim of optimizing parameters such as the release of the suitable quantity of drugs in the right site at the right time with the least invasiveness and the greatest possible automation. Some of the factors that challenge conventional drug release include long-term treatments, narrow therapeutic windows, complex dosing schedules, combined therapies, individual dosing regimens, and labile active substance administration. In this sense, the emergence of micro-devices that combine mechanical and electrical components, so called micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) can offer solutions to these drawbacks. These devices can be fabricated using biocompatible materials, with great uniformity and reproducibility, similar to integrated circuits. They can be aseptically manufactured and hermetically sealed, while having mobile components that enable physical or analytical functions together with electrical components. In this review we present recent advances in the generation of MEMS drug delivery devices, in which various micro and nanometric structures such as contacts, connections, channels, reservoirs, pumps, valves, needles, and/or membranes can be included in their design and manufacture. Implantable single and multiple reservoir-based and transdermal-based MEMS devices are discussed in terms of fundamental mechanisms, fabrication, performance, and drug release applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natalia Antonela Scilletta
- Departamento de Micro y Nanotecnologia, Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología, CNEA-CONICET, San Martín, Argentina
| | | | - Martin Federico Desimone
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de la Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paolo Nicolas Catalano
- Departamento de Micro y Nanotecnologia, Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología, CNEA-CONICET, San Martín, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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6
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Geometric and Kinematic Analyses and Novel Characteristics of Origami-Inspired Structures. Symmetry (Basel) 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/sym11091101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, origami structures have been gradually applied in aerospace, flexible electronics, biomedicine, robotics, and other fields. Origami can be folded from two-dimensional configurations into certain three-dimensional structures without cutting and stretching. This study first introduces basic concepts and applications of origami, and outlines the common crease patterns, whereas the design of crease patterns is focused. Through kinematic analysis and verification on origami structures, origami can be adapted for practical engineering. The novel characteristics of origami structures promote the development of self-folding robots, biomedical devices, and energy absorption members. We briefly describe the development of origami kinematics and the applications of origami characteristics in various fields. Finally, based on the current research progress of crease pattern design, kinematic analysis, and origami characteristics, research directions of origami-inspired structures are discussed.
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Liu Z, Cui A, Li J, Gu C. Folding 2D Structures into 3D Configurations at the Micro/Nanoscale: Principles, Techniques, and Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1802211. [PMID: 30276867 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201802211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Compared to their 2D counterparts, 3D micro/nanostructures show larger degrees of freedom and richer functionalities; thus, they have attracted increasing attention in the past decades. Moreover, extensive applications of 3D micro/nanostructures are demonstrated in the fields of mechanics, biomedicine, optics, etc., with great advantages. However, the mainstream micro/nanofabrication technologies are planar ones; therefore, they cannot be used directly for the construction of 3D micro/nanostructures, making 3D fabrication at the micro/nanoscale a great challenge. A promising strategy to overcome this is to combine the state-of-the-art planar fabrication techniques with the folding method to produce 3D structures. In this strategy, 2D components can be easily produced by traditional planar techniques, and then, 3D structures are constructed by folding each 2D component to specific orientations. In this way, not only will the advantages of existing planar techniques, such as high precision, programmable patterning, and mass production, be preserved, but the fabrication capability will also be greatly expanded without complex and expensive equipment modification/development. The goal here is to highlight the recent progress of the folding method from the perspective of principles, techniques, and applications, as well as to discuss the existing challenges and future prospectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Ajuan Cui
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Junjie Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Changzhi Gu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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8
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Sindeeva OA, Prikhozhdenko ES, Bratashov DN, Vostrikova AM, Atkin VS, Ermakov AV, Khlebtsov BN, Sapelkin AV, Goryacheva IY, Sukhorukov GB. Carbon dot aggregates as an alternative to gold nanoparticles for the laser-induced opening of microchamber arrays. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:9012-9019. [PMID: 30378616 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm01714j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are usually used as an alternative to other fluorescent nanoparticles. Apart from fluorescence, CDs also have other important properties for use in composite materials, first of all their ability to absorb light energy and convert it into heat. In our work, for the first time, CDs have been proposed as an alternative to gold nanostructures for harvesting light energy, which results in the opening of polymer-based containers with biologically active compounds. In this paper, we propose a method for the synthesis of polylactic acid microchamber arrays with embedded CDs. A comparative analysis was made of the damage to microchambers functionalized with gold nanorods and with CD aggregates, depending on the wavelength and power of the laser used. The release of fluorescent cargo from the microchamber arrays with CD aggregates under laser exposure was demonstrated.
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9
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Bolaños Quiñones VA, Zhu H, Solovev AA, Mei Y, Gracias DH. Origami Biosystems: 3D Assembly Methods for Biomedical Applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201800230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir A. Bolaños Quiñones
- Department of Materials Science State Key Laboratory of ASIC and Systems Fudan University Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Materials Science State Key Laboratory of ASIC and Systems Fudan University Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Alexander A. Solovev
- Department of Materials Science State Key Laboratory of ASIC and Systems Fudan University Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Yongfeng Mei
- Department of Materials Science State Key Laboratory of ASIC and Systems Fudan University Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - David H. Gracias
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Johns Hopkins University 3400 N Charles Street, 221 Maryland Hall Baltimore MD 21218 USA
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10
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In-situ NIR-laser mediated bioactive substance delivery to single cell for EGFP expression based on biocompatible microchamber-arrays. J Control Release 2018; 276:84-92. [PMID: 29501723 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Controlled drug delivery and gene expression is required for a large variety of applications including cancer therapy, wound healing, cell migration, cell modification, cell-analysis, reproductive and regenerative medicine. Controlled delivery of precise amounts of drugs to a single cell is especially interesting for cell and tissue engineering as well as therapeutics and has until now required the application of micro-pipettes, precisely placed dispersed drug delivery vehicles, or injections close to or into the cell. Here we present surface bound micro-chamber arrays able to store small hydrophilic molecules for prolonged times in subaqueous conditions supporting spatiotemporal near infrared laser mediated release. The micro-chambers (MCs) are composed of biocompatible and biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA). Biocompatible gold nanoparticles are employed as light harvesting agents to facilitate photothermal MC opening. The degree of photothermal heating is determined by numerical simulations utilizing optical properties of the MC, and confirmed by Brownian motion measurements of laser-irradiated micro-particles exhibiting similar optical properties like the MCs. The amount of bioactive small molecular cargo (doxycycline) from local release is determined by fluorescence spectroscopy and gene expression in isolated C2C12 cells via enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) biosynthesis.
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11
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The role of nanomaterials in cell delivery systems. Med Mol Morphol 2017; 51:1-12. [PMID: 29170827 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-017-0173-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In more than one decade, cell transplantation has created an important strategy to treat a wide variety of diseases characterized by tissue and cell dysfunctions. In this course of action, cell delivery to target site has been always one of the most important constraints and complications, as only a small proportion of the cells are housed in the target sites. Nanotechnology and nanoscale biomaterials have been helpful for cell transplantation in various fields of regenerative medicine including diagnosis, delivery systems for the cell, drug or gene, and cells protection system. In this study, the basic concepts and recently studied aspects of cell delivery systems based on nanoscale biomaterials for transplantation and clinical applications are highlighted. Nanomaterials may be used in combination with cell therapy to control the release of drugs or special factors of engineered cells after transplantation.
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12
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Nielsen LH, Rades T, Boyd B, Boisen A. Microcontainers as an oral delivery system for spray dried cubosomes containing ovalbumin. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2017; 118:13-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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13
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McClements DJ. Designing biopolymer microgels to encapsulate, protect and deliver bioactive components: Physicochemical aspects. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 240:31-59. [PMID: 28034309 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Biopolymer microgels have considerable potential for their ability to encapsulate, protect, and release bioactive components. Biopolymer microgels are small particles (typically 100nm to 1000μm) whose interior consists of a three-dimensional network of cross-linked biopolymer molecules that traps a considerable amount of solvent. This type of particle is also sometimes referred to as a nanogel, hydrogel bead, biopolymer particles, or microsphere. Biopolymer microgels are typically prepared using a two-step process involving particle formation and particle gelation. This article reviews the major constituents and fabrication methods that can be used to prepare microgels, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages. It then provides an overview of the most important characteristics of microgel particles (such as size, shape, structure, composition, and electrical properties), and describes how these parameters can be manipulated to control the physicochemical properties and functional attributes of microgel suspensions (such as appearance, stability, rheology, and release profiles). Finally, recent examples of the utilization of biopolymer microgels to encapsulate, protect, or release bioactive agents, such as pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, enzymes, flavors, and probiotics is given.
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Abstract
Recently, there has been an emerging interest in controlling 3D structures and designing novel 3D shapes for drug carriers at nano- and micro-scales. Certain 3D shapes and structures of drug particles enable transportation of the drugs to desired areas of the body, allow drugs to target specific cells and tissues, and influence release kinetics. Advanced nano- and micro-manufacturing methods including 3D printing, photolithography-based processes, microfluidics and DNA origami have been developed to generate defined 3D shapes and structures for drug carriers. This paper reviews the importance of 3D structures and shapes on controlled drug delivery, and the current state-of-the-art technologies that allow the creation of novel 3D drug carriers at nano- and micro-scales.
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15
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Polymeric microcontainers improve oral bioavailability of furosemide. Int J Pharm 2016; 504:98-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Oh MS, Song YS, Kim C, Kim J, You JB, Kim TS, Lee CS, Im SG. Control of Reversible Self-Bending Behavior in Responsive Janus Microstrips. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:8782-8. [PMID: 26974225 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b12704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Here, we demonstrate a simple method to systematically control the responsive self-bending behavior of Janus hydrogel microstrips consisting of a polymeric bilayer with a high modulus contrast. The Janus hydrogel microstrips could be easily fabricated by a simple micromolding technique combined with an initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) coating, providing high flexibility in controlling the physical and chemical properties of the microstrips. The fabricated Janus hydrogel microstrip is composed of a soft, pH-responsive polymer hydrogel layer laminated with a highly cross-linked, rigid thin film, generating a geometric anisotropy at a micron scale. The large difference in the elastic moduli between the two layers of the Janus microstrips leads to a self-bending behavior in response to the pH change. More specifically, the impact of the physical and chemical properties of the microstrip on the self-bending phenomena was systematically investigated by changing the thickness and composition of two layers of the microstrip, which renders high controllability in bending of the microstrips. The curvature of the Janus microstrips, formed by self-bending, highly depends on the applied acidity. A reversible, responsive self-bending/unbending exhibits a perfect resilience pattern with repeated changes in pH for 5 cycles. We envision that the Janus microstrips can be engineered to form complex 3D microstructures applicable to various fields such as soft robotics, scaffolds, and drug delivery. The reliable responsive behaviors obtained from the systematic investigation will provide critical information in bridging the gap between the theoretical mechanical analysis and the chemical properties to achieve micron-scale soft robotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung Seok Oh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Shin Song
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chungnam National University , Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheolgyu Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongmin Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chungnam National University , Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Bem You
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek-Soo Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Soo Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chungnam National University , Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Gap Im
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
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Goole J, Amighi K. 3D printing in pharmaceutics: A new tool for designing customized drug delivery systems. Int J Pharm 2016; 499:376-394. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.12.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 373] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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18
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Beck-Broichsitter M, Nicolas J, Couvreur P. Design attributes of long-circulating polymeric drug delivery vehicles. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2015; 97:304-17. [PMID: 25857838 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2015.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Following systemic administration polymeric drug delivery vehicles allow for a controlled and targeted release of the encapsulated medication at the desired site of action. For an elevated and organ specific accumulation of their cargo, nanocarriers need to avoid opsonization, activation of the complement system and uptake by macrophages of the mononuclear phagocyte system. In this respect, camouflaged vehicles revealed a delayed elimination from systemic circulation and an improved target organ deposition. For instance, a steric shielding of the carrier surface by poly(ethylene glycol) substantially decreased interactions with the biological environment. However, recent studies disclosed possible deficits of this approach, where most notably, poly(ethylene glycol)-modified drug delivery vehicles caused significant immune responses. At present, identification of novel potential carrier coating strategies facilitating negligible immune reactions is an emerging field of interest in drug delivery research. Moreover, physical carrier properties including geometry and elasticity seem to be very promising design attributes to surpass numerous biological barriers, in order to improve the efficacy of the delivered medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Beck-Broichsitter
- Institut Galien UMR CNRS 8612, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Sud XI, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Julien Nicolas
- Institut Galien UMR CNRS 8612, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Sud XI, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Patrick Couvreur
- Institut Galien UMR CNRS 8612, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Sud XI, Châtenay-Malabry, France.
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Quercetin encapsulation in modified silica nanoparticles: potential use against Cu(II)-induced oxidative stress in neurodegeneration. J Inorg Biochem 2015; 145:51-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Revised: 01/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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20
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Chirra HD, Shao L, Ciaccio N, Fox CB, Wade JM, Ma A, Desai TA. Planar microdevices for enhanced in vivo retention and oral bioavailability of poorly permeable drugs. Adv Healthc Mater 2014; 3:1648-54. [PMID: 24711341 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201300676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The development of novel oral drug delivery platforms for administering therapeutics in a safe and effective manner through the harsh gastrointestinal environment is of great importance. Here, the use of engineered thin planar poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) microdevices is tested to enhance oral bioavailability of acyclovir, a poorly permeable drug. Acyclovir is loaded into the unidirectional drug releasing microdevice reservoirs using a drug entrapping photocross-linkable hydrogel matrix. An increase in acyclovir permeation across in vitro caco-2 monolayer is seen in the presence of microdevices as compared with acyclovir-entrapped hydrogels or free acyclovir solution. Cell proliferation studies show that microdevices are relatively nontoxic in nature for use in in vivo studies. Enhanced in vivo retention of microdevices is observed as their thin side walls experience minimal peristaltic shear stress as compared with spherical microparticles. Unidirectional acyclovir release and enhanced retention of microdevices achieve a 4.5-fold increase in bioavailability in vivo as compared with an oral gavage of acyclovir solution with the same drug mass. The enhanced oral bioavailability results suggest that thin, planar, bioadhesive, and unidirectional drug releasing microdevices will significantly improve the systemic and localized delivery of a broad range of oral therapeutics in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hariharasudhan D. Chirra
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences; University of California; 1700 4th Street, Byers Hall 204, Box 2520 San Francisco CA 94158 USA
| | - Ling Shao
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine; University of California; 513 Parnassus Ave San Francisco CA 94143 USA
| | - Natalie Ciaccio
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences; University of California; 1700 4th Street, Byers Hall 204, Box 2520 San Francisco CA 94158 USA
| | - Cade B. Fox
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences; University of California; 1700 4th Street, Byers Hall 204, Box 2520 San Francisco CA 94158 USA
| | - Jennifer M. Wade
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences; University of California; 1700 4th Street, Byers Hall 204, Box 2520 San Francisco CA 94158 USA
| | - Averil Ma
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine; University of California; 513 Parnassus Ave San Francisco CA 94143 USA
| | - Tejal A. Desai
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences; University of California; 1700 4th Street, Byers Hall 204, Box 2520 San Francisco CA 94158 USA
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21
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Fenollosa R, Garcia-Rico E, Alvarez S, Alvarez R, Yu X, Rodriguez I, Carregal-Romero S, Villanueva C, Garcia-Algar M, Rivera-Gil P, de Lera AR, Parak WJ, Meseguer F, Alvarez-Puebla RA. Silicon particles as trojan horses for potential cancer therapy. J Nanobiotechnology 2014; 12:35. [PMID: 25223512 PMCID: PMC4428529 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-014-0035-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Porous silicon particles (PSiPs) have been used extensively as drug delivery systems, loaded with chemical species for disease treatment. It is well known from silicon producers that silicon is characterized by a low reduction potential, which in the case of PSiPs promotes explosive oxidation reactions with energy yields exceeding that of trinitrotoluene (TNT). The functionalization of the silica layer with sugars prevents its solubilization, while further functionalization with an appropriate antibody enables increased bioaccumulation inside selected cells. RESULTS We present here an immunotherapy approach for potential cancer treatment. Our platform comprises the use of engineered silicon particles conjugated with a selective antibody. The conceptual advantage of our system is that after reaction, the particles are degraded into soluble and excretable biocomponents. CONCLUSIONS In our study, we demonstrate in particular, specific targeting and destruction of cancer cells in vitro. The fact that the LD50 value of PSiPs-HER-2 for tumor cells was 15-fold lower than the LD50 value for control cells demonstrates very high in vitro specificity. This is the first important step on a long road towards the design and development of novel chemotherapeutic agents against cancer in general, and breast cancer in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Fenollosa
- Centro de Tecnologías Físicas, Unidad Asociada ICMM/CSIC-UPV, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Av. Los Naranjos s/n, Valencia, 46022 Spain and Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, Madrid, 28049, Spain.
| | - Eduardo Garcia-Rico
- Servicio de Oncología, Hospital Universitario Madrid-Torrelodones, Madrid, 28250, Spain.
| | - Susana Alvarez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, 36310, Spain.
| | - Rosana Alvarez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, 36310, Spain.
| | - Xiang Yu
- Fachbereich Physik, Philipps Universität Marburg, Marburg, 35037, Germany.
| | - Isabel Rodriguez
- Centro de Tecnologías Físicas, Unidad Asociada ICMM/CSIC-UPV, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Av. Los Naranjos s/n, Valencia, 46022 Spain and Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, Madrid, 28049, Spain.
| | | | - Carlos Villanueva
- Medcomtech SA, C/ Catalunya, 83-85 Viladecans, Barcelona, 08840, Spain.
| | - Manuel Garcia-Algar
- Departamento de Química Física e Inorgánica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili and Centro de Tecnología Química de Catalunya, Carrer de Marcel•lí Domingo s/n, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Pilar Rivera-Gil
- Medcomtech SA, C/ Catalunya, 83-85 Viladecans, Barcelona, 08840, Spain.
| | - Angel R de Lera
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, 36310, Spain.
| | - Wolfgang J Parak
- Fachbereich Physik, Philipps Universität Marburg, Marburg, 35037, Germany.
| | - Francisco Meseguer
- Centro de Tecnologías Físicas, Unidad Asociada ICMM/CSIC-UPV, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Av. Los Naranjos s/n, Valencia, 46022 Spain and Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, Madrid, 28049, Spain.
| | - Ramón A Alvarez-Puebla
- Departamento de Química Física e Inorgánica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili and Centro de Tecnología Química de Catalunya, Carrer de Marcel•lí Domingo s/n, 43007, Tarragona, Spain. .,ICREA, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain.
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22
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Schweicher J, Nyitray C, Desai TA. Membranes to achieve immunoprotection of transplanted islets. FRONT BIOSCI-LANDMRK 2014; 19:49-76. [PMID: 24389172 PMCID: PMC4230297 DOI: 10.2741/4195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Transplantation of islet or beta cells is seen as the cure for type 1 diabetes since it allows physiological regulation of blood glucose levels without requiring any compliance from the patients. In order to circumvent the use of immunosuppressive drugs (and their side effects), semipermeable membranes have been developed to encapsulate and immunoprotect transplanted cells. This review presents the historical developments of immunoisolation and provides an update on the current research in this field. A particular emphasis is laid on the fabrication, characterization and performance of membranes developed for immunoisolation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Schweicher
- Therapeutic Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), 1700 4 Street, Box 2520, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Crystal Nyitray
- Therapeutic Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), 1700 4 Street, Box 2520, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Tejal A. Desai
- Therapeutic Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), 1700 4 Street, Box 2520, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
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23
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Nuxoll E. BioMEMS in drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:1611-25. [PMID: 23856413 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2013] [Revised: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The drive to design micro-scale medical devices which can be reliably and uniformly mass produced has prompted many researchers to adapt processing technologies from the semiconductor industry. By operating at a much smaller length scale, the resulting biologically-oriented microelectromechanical systems (BioMEMS) provide many opportunities for improved drug delivery: Low-dose vaccinations and painless transdermal drug delivery are possible through precisely engineered microneedles which pierce the skin's barrier layer without reaching the nerves. Low-power, low-volume BioMEMS pumps and reservoirs can be implanted where conventional pumping systems cannot. Drug formulations with geometrically complex, extremely uniform micro- and nano-particles are formed through micromolding or with microfluidic devices. This review describes these BioMEMS technologies and discusses their current state of implementation. As these technologies continue to develop and capitalize on their simpler integration with other MEMS-based systems such as computer controls and telemetry, BioMEMS' impact on the field of drug delivery will continue to increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Nuxoll
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Seamans Center for the Engineering Arts & Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52245, USA.
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24
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Marizza P, Keller SS, Müllertz A, Boisen A. Polymer-filled microcontainers for oral delivery loaded using supercritical impregnation. J Control Release 2013; 173:1-9. [PMID: 24096018 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In the last years a large variety of drug delivery systems have been developed to improve bioavailability of therapeutics in oral administration. An increasing interest has arisen in reservoir-based microdevices designed for active ingredients like water insoluble compounds and fragile biomolecules. Such microdevices are designed to protect the active ingredient against degradation and deactivation, and to allow cytoadhesion and unidirectional drug release. There are few works which optimize the drug loading step and often therapeutics are dosed in the microdevices through laborious and time consuming procedures. This work proposes an effective loading technique for a poorly soluble model drug in microcontainers, by combining inkjet printing and supercritical fluid impregnation. Well defined quantities of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) solutions are dispensed into microcontainers by inkjet printing with a quasi-no-waste performance. Then ketoprofen is impregnated in the polymer matrix by using supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) as loading medium. The amount of polymer is controlled by the volume and the number of droplets of dispensed polymer and drug loading is tuned by varying the impregnation parameters. Compared to solid dispersions of the same drug and polymer, scCO2-impregnated microcontainers exhibit a more reproducible drug loading and a faster dissolution rate of the active compound which allows drug release to be modulated. The combination of these loading techniques potentially allows the high throughput fabrication of microdevices for oral drug delivery with a safe and solvent-free solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Marizza
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark.
| | - Stephan S Keller
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Anette Müllertz
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Anja Boisen
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark
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25
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Song P, Tng DJH, Hu R, Lin G, Meng E, Yong KT. An electrochemically actuated MEMS device for individualized drug delivery: an in vitro study. Adv Healthc Mater 2013; 2:1170-8. [PMID: 23495127 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201200356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Revised: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Individualized disease treatment is a promising branch for future medicine. In this work, we introduce an implantable microelectromechanical system (MEMS) based drug delivery device for programmable drug delivery. An in vitro study on cancer cell treatment has been conducted to demonstrate a proof-of-concept that the engineered device is suitable for individualized disease treatment. This is the first study to demonstrate that MEMS drug delivery devices can influence the outcome of cancer drug treatment through the use of individualized disease treatment regimes, where the strategy for drug dosages is tailored according to different individuals. The presented device is electrochemically actuated through a diaphragm membrane and made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) for biocompatibility using simple and cost-effective microfabrication techniques. Individualized disease treatment was investigated using the in vitro programmed delivery of a chemotherapy drug, doxorubicin, to pancreatic cancer cell cultures. Cultured cell colonies of two pancreatic cancer cell lines (Panc-1 and MiaPaCa-2) were treated with three programmed schedules and monitored for 7 days. The result shows that the colony growth has been successfully inhibited for both cell lines among all the three treatment schedules. Also, the different observations between the two cell lines under different schedules reveal that MiaPaCa-2 cells are more sensitive to the drug applied. These results demonstrate that further development on the device will provide a promising novel platform for individualized disease treatment in future medicine as well as for automatic in vitro assays in drug development industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyi Song
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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26
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Reuel NF, Mu B, Zhang J, Hinckley A, Strano MS. Nanoengineered glycan sensors enabling native glycoprofiling for medicinal applications: towards profiling glycoproteins without labeling or liberation steps. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 41:5744-79. [PMID: 22868627 DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35142k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nanoengineered glycan sensors may help realize the long-held goal of accurate and rapid glycoprotein profiling without labeling or glycan liberation steps. Current methods of profiling oligosaccharides displayed on protein surfaces, such as liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, capillary electrophoresis, and microarray methods, are limited by sample pretreatment and quantitative accuracy. Microarrayed platforms can be improved with methods that better estimate kinetic parameters rather than simply reporting relative binding information. These quantitative glycan sensors are enabled by an emerging class of nanoengineered materials that differ in their mode of signal transduction from traditional methods. Platforms that respond to mass changes include a quartz crystal microbalance and cantilever sensors. Electronic response can be detected from electrochemical, field effect transistor, and pore impedance sensors. Optical methods include fluorescent frontal affinity chromatography, surface plasmon resonance methods, and fluorescent carbon nanotubes. After a very brief primer on glycobiology and its connection to medicine, these emerging systems are critically reviewed for their potential use as core sensors in future glycoprofiling tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel F Reuel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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27
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Ohm C, Ober CK. From surface coatings to polymer nanofilms: lifting off polymer brushes. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra42290a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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28
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Chirra HD, Desai TA. Multi-reservoir bioadhesive microdevices for independent rate-controlled delivery of multiple drugs. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2012; 8:3839-3846. [PMID: 22962019 PMCID: PMC3527694 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201201367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Revised: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A variety of oral administrative systems such as enterically coated tablets, capsules, particles, and liposomes have been developed to improve oral bioavailability of drugs. However, they suffer from poor intestinal localization and therapeutic efficacy due to the various physiological conditions and high shear fluid flow. Fabrication of novel microdevices combined with the introduction of controlled release, improved adhesion, selective targeting, and tissue permeation may overcome these issues and potentially diminish the toxicity and high frequency of conventional oral administration. Herein, thin, asymmetric, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) microdevices are fabricated with multiple reservoirs using photolithography and reactive ion etching. They are loaded with different individual model drug in each reservoir. Enhanced bioadhesion of the microdevices is observed in the presence of a conjugated of targeting protein (tomato lectin) to the PMMA surface. As compared to drug encompassing hydrogels, an increase in drug permeation across the caco-2 monolayer is noticed in the presence of a microdevice loaded with the same drug-hydrogel system. Also, the release of multiple drugs from their respective reservoirs is found to be independent from each other. The use of different hydrogel systems in each reservoir shows differences in the controlled release of the respective drugs over the same release period. These results suggest that, in the future, microfabricated unidirectional multi-drug releasing devices will have an impact on the oral administration of a broad range of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tejal A. Desai
- Corresponding Author. 1700 4 Street, Byers Hall 204, Box 2520, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. Tel.: +1 415 514 4503; fax: +1 415 514 9656.
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29
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Fernandes R, Gracias DH. Self-folding polymeric containers for encapsulation and delivery of drugs. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2012; 64:1579-89. [PMID: 22425612 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Revised: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Self-folding broadly refers to self-assembly processes wherein thin films or interconnected planar templates curve, roll-up or fold into three dimensional (3D) structures such as cylindrical tubes, spirals, corrugated sheets or polyhedra. The process has been demonstrated with metallic, semiconducting and polymeric films and has been used to curve tubes with diameters as small as 2nm and fold polyhedra as small as 100nm, with a surface patterning resolution of 15nm. Self-folding methods are important for drug delivery applications since they provide a means to realize 3D, biocompatible, all-polymeric containers with well-tailored composition, size, shape, wall thickness, porosity, surface patterns and chemistry. Self-folding is also a highly parallel process, and it is possible to encapsulate or self-load therapeutic cargo during assembly. A variety of therapeutic cargos such as small molecules, peptides, proteins, bacteria, fungi and mammalian cells have been encapsulated in self-folded polymeric containers. In this review, we focus on self-folding of all-polymeric containers. We discuss the mechanistic aspects of self-folding of polymeric containers driven by differential stresses or surface tension forces, the applications of self-folding polymers in drug delivery and we outline future challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Fernandes
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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30
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Meng E, Hoang T. MEMS-enabled implantable drug infusion pumps for laboratory animal research, preclinical, and clinical applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2012; 64:1628-38. [PMID: 22926321 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Revised: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Innovation in implantable drug delivery devices is needed for novel pharmaceutical compounds such as certain biologics, gene therapy, and other small molecules that are not suitable for administration by oral, topical, or intravenous routes. This invasive dosing scheme seeks to directly bypass physiological barriers presented by the human body, release the appropriate drug amount at the site of treatment, and maintain the drug bioavailability for the required duration of administration to achieve drug efficacy. Advances in microtechnologies have led to novel MEMS-enabled implantable drug infusion pumps with unique performance and feature sets. In vivo demonstration of micropumps for laboratory animal research and preclinical studies include acute rapid radiolabeling, short-term delivery of nanomedicine for cancer treatment, and chronic ocular drug dosing. Investigation of MEMS actuators, valves, and other microstructures for on-demand dosing control may enable next generation implantable pumps with high performance within a miniaturized form factor for clinical applications.
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31
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Chirra HD, Desai TA. Emerging microtechnologies for the development of oral drug delivery devices. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2012; 64:1569-78. [PMID: 22981755 PMCID: PMC3488155 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Revised: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The development of oral drug delivery platforms for administering therapeutics in a safe and effective manner across the gastrointestinal epithelium is of much importance. A variety of delivery systems such as enterically coated tablets, capsules, particles, and liposomes have been developed to improve oral bioavailability of drugs. However, orally administered drugs suffer from poor localization and therapeutic efficacy due to various physiological conditions such as low pH, and high shear intestinal fluid flow. Novel platforms combining controlled release, improved adhesion, tissue penetration, and selective intestinal targeting may overcome these issues and potentially diminish the toxicity and high frequency of administration associated with conventional oral delivery. Microfabrication along with appropriate surface chemistry, provide a means to fabricate these platforms en masse with flexibility in tailoring the shape, size, reservoir volume, and surface characteristics of microdevices. Moreover, the same technology can be used to include integrated circuit technology and sensors for designing sophisticated autonomous drug delivery devices that promise to significantly improve point of care diagnostic and therapeutic medical applications. This review sheds light on some of the fabrication techniques and addresses a few of the microfabricated devices that can be effectively used for controlled oral drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hariharasudhan D. Chirra
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, U.S.A
| | - Tejal A. Desai
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, U.S.A
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32
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Andres CM, Larraza I, Corrales T, Kotov NA. Nanocomposite microcontainers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2012; 24:4597-600. [PMID: 22730051 PMCID: PMC3429716 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201201378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Revised: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Versatile all-nanocomposite capped microcontainers are made using layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly. The microcontainers can act as inert packaging with slow/controlled release for virtually any type of encapsulating material based on clay nanocomposites 3D molded by PDMS templates and capped with another LBL film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M. Andres
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2300 Hayward St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ińigo Larraza
- Polymer Photochemistry Group, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnologia de Polimeros, 3 Juan de la Cierva, Madrid, 28006 Spain
| | - Teresa Corrales
- Polymer Photochemistry Group, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnologia de Polimeros, 3 Juan de la Cierva, Madrid, 28006 Spain
| | - Nicholas A. Kotov
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2300 Hayward St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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33
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Randall CL, Gultepe E, Gracias DH. Self-folding devices and materials for biomedical applications. Trends Biotechnol 2012; 30:138-46. [PMID: 21764161 PMCID: PMC3288299 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2011.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2011] [Revised: 06/05/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Because the native cellular environment is 3D, there is a need to extend planar, micro- and nanostructured biomedical devices to the third dimension. Self-folding methods can extend the precision of planar lithographic patterning into the third dimension and create reconfigurable structures that fold or unfold in response to specific environmental cues. Here, we review the use of hinge-based self-folding methods in the creation of functional 3D biomedical devices including precisely patterned nano- to centimeter scale polyhedral containers, scaffolds for cell culture and reconfigurable surgical tools such as grippers that respond autonomously to specific chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina L Randall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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34
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rPark JR, Choi DS, Gracias DH, Leong TG, Presser N, Stupian GW, Leung MS, Kim YK. Fabrication and characterization of RF nanoantenna on a nanoliter-scale 3D microcontainer. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 22:455303. [PMID: 22020056 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/22/45/455303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report the design and fabrication of a nanoantenna structure on the surface of a 3D nanoliter-scale container for the development of communicable nanoliter-scale chemical delivery systems. The porous container was self-assembled, after which the nanoantenna was fabricated on the top of the microcontainer using focused ion beam (FIB) ion-induced metal deposition. The nanoantenna was structured as a rectangular metal coil composed of platinum (Pt) nanowires (70 nm in width). The response of the nanoantenna structure was simulated using finite element software and showed a strong resonant feature at 10.8 GHz, which was confirmed by high frequency measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-rae rPark
- Department of Plastic Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
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35
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Kalinin YV, Randhawa JS, Gracias DH. Three-dimensional chemical patterns for cellular self-organization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:2549-53. [PMID: 21370335 PMCID: PMC3104471 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201007107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yevgeniy V. Kalinin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering,Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | - Jatinder S. Randhawa
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering,Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | - David H. Gracias
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering,Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218
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36
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Kalinin YV, Randhawa JS, Gracias DH. Three-Dimensional Chemical Patterns for Cellular Self-Organization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201007107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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37
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Randall CL, Kalinin YV, Jamal M, Manohar T, Gracias DH. Three-dimensional microwell arrays for cell culture. LAB ON A CHIP 2011; 11:127-31. [PMID: 21063585 DOI: 10.1039/c0lc00368a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We propose the concept of three-dimensional (3D) microwell arrays for cell culture applications and highlight the importance of oxygen diffusion through pores in all three dimensions to enhance cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina L Randall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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38
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Staples M. Microchips and controlled-release drug reservoirs. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2010; 2:400-17. [DOI: 10.1002/wnan.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Leong TG, Zarafshar AM, Gracias DH. Three-dimensional fabrication at small size scales. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2010; 6:792-806. [PMID: 20349446 PMCID: PMC3078552 DOI: 10.1002/smll.200901704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Despite the fact that we live in a 3D world and macroscale engineering is 3D, conventional submillimeter-scale engineering is inherently 2D. New fabrication and patterning strategies are needed to enable truly 3D-engineered structures at small size scales. Here, strategies that have been developed over the past two decades that seek to enable such millimeter to nanoscale 3D fabrication and patterning are reviewed. A focus is the strategy of self-assembly, specifically in a biologically inspired, more deterministic form, known as self-folding. Self-folding methods can leverage the strengths of lithography to enable the construction of precisely patterned 3D structures and "smart" components. This self-assembly approach is compared with other 3D fabrication paradigms, and its advantages and disadvantages are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy G. Leong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University 3400 N Charles St. Baltimore, MD 21218 (USA)
| | - Aasiyeh M. Zarafshar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University 3400 N Charles St. Baltimore, MD 21218 (USA)
| | - David H. Gracias
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University 3400 N Charles St. Baltimore, MD 21218 (USA)
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University 3400 N Charles St. Baltimore, MD 21218 (USA)
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Targeted drug delivery using silica xerogel systems to treat diseases due to intracellular pathogens. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2009.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Murday JS, Siegel RW, Stein J, Wright JF. Translational nanomedicine: status assessment and opportunities. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2009; 5:251-73. [PMID: 19540359 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2009.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2009] [Accepted: 06/07/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Nano-enabled technologies hold great promise for medicine and health. The rapid progress by the physical sciences/engineering communities in synthesizing nanostructures and characterizing their properties must be rapidly exploited in medicine and health toward reducing mortality rate, morbidity an illness imposes on a patient, disease prevalence, and general societal burden. A National Science Foundation-funded workshop, "Re-Engineering Basic and Clinical Research to Catalyze Translational Nanoscience," was held 16-19 March 2008 at the University of Southern California. Based on that workshop and literature review, this article briefly explores scientific, economic, and societal drivers for nanomedicine initiatives; examines the science, engineering, and medical research needs; succinctly reviews the US federal investment directly germane to medicine and health, with brief mention of the European Union (EU) effort; and presents recommendations to accelerate the translation of nano-enabled technologies from laboratory discovery into clinical practice. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR An excellent review paper based on the NSF funded workshop "Re-Engineering Basic and Clinical Research to Catalyze Translational Nanoscience" (16-19 March 2008) and extensive literature search, this paper briefly explores the current state and future perspectives of nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- James S Murday
- University of Southern California, Washington, DC 20004 USA.
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Randall CL, Gillespie A, Singh S, Leong TG, Gracias DH. Size selective sampling using mobile, 3D nanoporous membranes. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 393:1217-24. [PMID: 19066861 PMCID: PMC2744135 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-2538-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2008] [Revised: 11/06/2008] [Accepted: 11/21/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We describe the fabrication of 3D membranes with precisely patterned surface nanoporosity and their utilization in size selective sampling. The membranes were self-assembled as porous cubes from lithographically fabricated 2D templates (Leong et al., Langmuir 23:8747-8751, 2007) with face dimensions of 200 microm, volumes of 8 nL, and monodisperse pores ranging in size from approximately 10 microm to 100 nm. As opposed to conventional sampling and filtration schemes where fluid is moved across a static membrane, we demonstrate sampling by instead moving the 3D nanoporous membrane through the fluid. This new scheme allows for straightforward sampling in small volumes, with little to no loss. Membranes with five porous faces and one open face were moved through fluids to sample and retain nanoscale beads and cells based on pore size. Additionally, cells retained within the membranes were subsequently cultured and multiplied using standard cell culture protocols upon retrieval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina L. Randall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | - Aubri Gillespie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | - Siddarth Singh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | - Timothy G. Leong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | - David H. Gracias
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
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Abstract
We describe a strategy to construct three-dimensional (3D) containers with nanoporous walls by the self-assembly of lithographically patterned two-dimensional cruciforms with solder hinges. The first step involves fabricating two-dimensional (2D) cruciforms composed of six unlinked patterns: each pattern has an open window. The second step entails photolithographic patterning of solder hinges that connect the cruciform. The third step involves the deposition of polystyrene particles within the windows and the subsequent electrodeposition of metal in the voids between the polystyrene particles. Following the dissolution of the particles, the cruciforms are released from the substrate and heated above the melting point of the solder causing the cruciforms to spontaneously fold up into 3D cubic containers with nanoporous walls. We believe these 3D containers with nanoporous side walls are promising for molecular separations and cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaihai Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Mira Patel
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - David H. Gracias
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
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Kiparissides C, Kammona O. Nanotechnology advances in controlled drug delivery systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pssc.200780129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Leong TG, Randall CL, Benson BR, Zarafshar AM, Gracias DH. Self-loading lithographically structured microcontainers: 3D patterned, mobile microwells. LAB ON A CHIP 2008; 8:1621-4. [PMID: 18813382 PMCID: PMC2562231 DOI: 10.1039/b809098j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate mass-producible, mobile, self-loading microcontainers that can be used to encapsulate both non-living and living objects, thus forming three-dimensionally patterned, mobile microwells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy G. Leong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21218, USA
| | - Christina L. Randall
- The Whitaker Biomedical Engineering Institute at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA
| | - Bryan R. Benson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21218, USA
| | - Aasiyeh M. Zarafshar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21218, USA
| | - David H. Gracias
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21218, USA
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21218, USA
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