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Hyeon YH, Moon KJ. Development of an infection control competency scale for clinical nurses: an instrument design study. BMC Nurs 2024; 23:250. [PMID: 38637836 PMCID: PMC11027540 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-024-01904-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nurses work in close proximity to patients, and as such, they can have a direct impact on the control of infections; thus, it is important for nurses to be competent in infection control. However, the scales used to measure infection control performance in nurses are not suitable for measuring infection control competencies that reflect nurses' expertise, clinical environment, and work. Thus, this study aimed to develop a valid and reliable measure to assess infection control competency of clinical nurses. METHODS A concept analysis, using a hybrid model, was performed on the infection control competency of clinical nurses to confirm the components and develop 67 initial items. Ten experts evaluated the content validity of these items, and a Korean language expert and a Doctor of Nursing reviewed the questions to consolidate them into 59 items. Subsequently, 267 nurses working at a certified tertiary hospital in D City were surveyed to confirm the validity and reliability of the scale. RESULTS As a result of the study, the final scale comprising seven factors and 33 questions was derived, and the cumulative explanatory power of these factors was 60.8%. To verify convergent and discriminant validity, confirmatory factor analysis was conducted, and the average variance extraction index, composite reliability values, and confidence interval of the correlation coefficient between factors were confirmed. Convergent and discriminant validities were verified by comparison with standard values. The Cronbach's α for the entire scale in this study was 0.93. Consequently, the validity and reliability of the clinical nurses' infection control competency measurement scale were verified. CONCLUSIONS The validity and reliability of the infection control competency measurement scale for clinical nurses (ICCS-CN) developed in this study was verified, and the scale can be effectively used to measure the infection control competency of clinical nurses. Measuring the infection control competency of clinical nurses will help reduce the harm caused by infection and ensure patient safety by decreasing infection rates in medical institutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Hwan Hyeon
- College of Nursing, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, 42601, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Kyoung Ja Moon
- College of Nursing, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, 42601, Daegu, South Korea.
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Kubde D, Badge AK, Ugemuge S, Shahu S. Importance of Hospital Infection Control. Cureus 2023; 15:e50931. [PMID: 38259418 PMCID: PMC10801286 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.50931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The increasing demand for healthcare-acquired infection (HAI) control practices and services has intensified the need to evaluate care quality. The World Health Organization (WHO) introduced an infection prevention and control (IPC) framework to mitigate the impact of HAIs, crucial for ensuring patient safety in hospitals. HAIs acquired after hospitalization pose significant challenges due to factors such as compromised immunity, invasive medical procedures, and antibiotic-resistant pathogens, which have dire consequences, including higher mortality rates and increased healthcare costs. Healthcare workers (HCWs) are critical in implementing IPC measures. Infection control programs that include strategies such as hand hygiene, personal protective equipment (PPE), environmental cleaning, and surveillance have become standard. However, challenges such as resistance to change, resource limitations, patient turnover, and variability in patient conditions persist. Strategies to maintain hospital infection control involve rigorous compliance monitoring, staff education, advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), telemedicine, and innovative sanitation methods. The future of hospital infection control may involve increased integration of environmental monitoring, antimicrobial stewardship, and patient participation while leveraging collaboration among healthcare facilities. The review highlights the criticality of hospital infection control and suggests trends and opportunities to strengthen prevention efforts and patient safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimple Kubde
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Datta Meghe Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Nagpur, IND
| | - Ankit K Badge
- Department of Microbiology, Datta Meghe Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Nagpur, IND
| | - Sarita Ugemuge
- Department of Microbiology, Datta Meghe Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Nagpur, IND
| | - Shivani Shahu
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Datta Meghe Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Nagpur, IND
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Differences in infection prevention and control training needs between healthcare workers: Results of a learning needs assessment focused on nursing assistants and dental professionals. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2023; 44:147-149. [PMID: 35652655 DOI: 10.1017/ice.2022.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Lepre B, Palermo C, Mansfield KJ, Beck EJ. Stakeholder Engagement in Competency Framework Development in Health Professions: A Systematic Review. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:759848. [PMID: 34869461 PMCID: PMC8632936 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.759848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Competency framework development in health professions has downstream implications for all relevant stakeholders, from the professionals themselves, to organisations, and most importantly end users of services. However, there is little guidance related to what stakeholders might be involved in the competency development process, and when. This review aimed to systematically review literature related to competency framework development methodology in health, to identify the breadth and purpose of key stakeholders commonly involved in the process. Studies were identified using five electronic databases (MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, and ERIC) and a search of websites of organisations involved in curriculum or regulation using keywords related to competency frameworks. The total yield from all databases was 10,625 results, with 73 articles included in the final review. Most articles were from Australia (30%) and were conducted in the nursing (34%) profession. Unsurprisingly, practitioners (86%) and academics (75%) were typically engaged as stakeholders in competency framework development. While many competency frameworks were described as patient-focused, only 14 (19%) studies elected to include service users as stakeholders. Similarly, despite the multi-disciplinary focus described in some frameworks, only nine (12%) studies involved practitioners from other professions. Limiting the conceptualisation of competence to that determined by members of the profession itself may not provide the depth of insight required to capture the complexity of healthcare and address the needs of important stakeholder groups. Future methodology should attempt to engage a variety of relevant stakeholders such as external health professions and the community to match professional education to health service demands. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=128350.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breanna Lepre
- School of Medicine, Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Claire Palermo
- Monash Centre for Scholarship in Health Education, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Kylie J. Mansfield
- School of Medicine, Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Eleanor J. Beck
- School of Medicine, Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
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Nofal A, AlFayyad I, AlJerian N, Alowais J, AlMarshady M, Khan A, Heena H, AlSarheed AS, Abu-Shaheen A. Knowledge and preparedness of healthcare providers towards bioterrorism. BMC Health Serv Res 2021; 21:426. [PMID: 33952253 PMCID: PMC8097244 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-021-06442-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Several emergent circumstances require healthcare providers to recognize the unusual and dangerous and pathogenic agents. An in-depth literature review showed that studies about bioterrorism preparedness amongst healthcare providers are lacking. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the knowledge and preparedness level of first emergency respondents towards bioterrorism events. Methods This study has a cross-sectional design and was carried out at the Emergency departments and poison control centers/clinical laboratories three in major tertiary care hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The subjects were randomly selected to complete the self-administered questionnaire to collect study outcomes. Results A total of 1030 participants were included in the final data analysis. The mean knowledge score in the basic concepts of bioterrorism and introductory clinical presentations of bioterrorism-related agents was 4.92 ± 1.86 out of 12 points. Moreover, the findings showed a mean knowledge score of 22.80 ± 3.92 out of 38 in the bioterrorism preparedness and governing policies and procedures. Respondents who received previous training in bioterrorism preparedness had a significantly higher number of perceived benefits than those not sure and without prior training (z = − 2.67, p = 0.008) and (z = − 4.4, p < 0.0001), respectively. About 79.4% of participants did not have previous training in bioterrorism preparedness, but 68.7% expressed willingness in the institution’s response and control to assist in a bioterrorist attack incident. Conclusion Although healthcare professionals have reported their desire to help in bioterrorism events, they need to enhance their knowledge of bioterrorism preparedness. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12913-021-06442-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Nofal
- Emergency Medicine Department, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Isamme AlFayyad
- Research Center, King Fahad Medical City, P.O. Box: 59046, Riyadh, 11525, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawfal AlJerian
- Medical Referrals Center, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for health specialities, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jalal Alowais
- Emergency and Disaster and Ambulance Services at the Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Meshal AlMarshady
- Adult Emergency Department, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anas Khan
- Emergency Medicine Department, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Humariya Heena
- Research Center, King Fahad Medical City, P.O. Box: 59046, Riyadh, 11525, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Amani Abu-Shaheen
- Research Center, King Fahad Medical City, P.O. Box: 59046, Riyadh, 11525, Saudi Arabia.
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Infection prevention and control core practices: A roadmap for nursing practice. Nurse Pract 2019; 44:50-55. [PMID: 30789533 DOI: 10.1097/01.npr.0000553403.73600.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The CDC continues to stress the urgent issue of increasing microbial resistance. The organization recently joined forces with the American Nurses Association to bring awareness to this issue through an approach that prevents inappropriate antibiotic use and stresses infection prevention.
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8
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Massaroli A, Martini JG, Moya JLM, Pereira MS, Tipple AFV, Maestri E. Skills for generalist and specialist nurses working in the prevention and control of infections in Brazil. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem 2019; 27:e3134. [PMID: 31038628 PMCID: PMC6528634 DOI: 10.1590/1518-8345.2620.3134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective to define the competencies for the prevention and control of
healthcare-related infections that should be developed by the generalist
nurse and the specialist nurse in infection control in Brazil. Method the Delphi technique, developed in four rounds, was used. Thirty-one nurses
and eight physicians participated in the study, with expertise in infection
prevention and control. Data were collected using open-ended questionnaires,
whose answers were treated using the content analysis technique. Structured
instruments were used to evaluate the importance of each competency using a
Likert scale. Data were analyzed and presented in a descriptive way, use of
median and coefficient of variation. Results the competences were organized in 4 core, 14 generic and 17 specific, with
name and description of each competency. Conclusion the definition of competencies for the prevention and control of
healthcare-related infections is the first step to begin the rethinking of
the teaching and learning process in the initial training of nurses. The
data found in the present study may help to restructure education and
support permanent education programs in health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jussara Gue Martini
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Enfermagem, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| | | | - Milca Severino Pereira
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Departamento de Enfermagem, Goiânia, GO, Brasil
| | | | - Eleine Maestri
- Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, Brasil
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Dyar OJ, Beović B, Pulcini C, Tacconelli E, Hulscher M, Cookson B. ESCMID generic competencies in antimicrobial prescribing and stewardship: towards a European consensus. Clin Microbiol Infect 2018; 25:13-19. [PMID: 30414817 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2018.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop a consensus-based set of generic competencies in antimicrobial prescribing and stewardship for European prescribers through a structured consensus procedure. METHODS The RAND-modified Delphi procedure comprised two online questionnaire rounds, a face-to-face meeting between rounds, and a final review. Our departure point was a set of competencies agreed previously by consensus among a UK multi-disciplinary panel, and which had been subsequently revised through consultation with ESCMID Study Group representatives. The 46 draft competency points were reviewed by an expert panel consisting of specialists in infectious diseases and clinical microbiology, and pharmacists. Each proposed competency was assessed using a nine-point Likert scale, for relevance as a minimum standard for all independent prescribers in all European countries. RESULTS A total of 65 expert panel members participated, from 24 European countries (one to six experts per country). There was very high satisfaction (98%) with the final competencies set, which included 35 competency points, in three sections: core concepts in microbiology, pathogenesis and diagnosing infections (11 points); antimicrobial prescribing (20 points); and antimicrobial stewardship (4 points). CONCLUSIONS The consensus achieved enabled the production of generic antimicrobial prescribing and stewardship competencies for all European independent prescribers, and of possible global utility. These can be used for training and can be further adapted to the needs of specific professional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- O J Dyar
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - B Beović
- University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - C Pulcini
- Université de Lorraine, APEMAC, Nancy, France; Université de Lorraine, CHRU-Nancy, Infectious Diseases Department, Nancy, France
| | - E Tacconelli
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, G.B. Rossi University Hospital, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - M Hulscher
- IQ Healthcare, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - B Cookson
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
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Abstract
Positive patient outcomes depend on clear communication. Understanding healthcare literacy, cultural competency, and health disparities/inequalities is essential for providing empathetic care to patients and their family members. Guidelines to provide culturally competent care may enhance the patient experience and improve healthcare provider communication.
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Abstract
In 2017, the CDC released a set of Core Practices focusing on infection prevention and control relevant for care delivered in all settings. These eight Core Practices address foundational elements of practice and should be embedded into every aspect of nursing care and part of every nurse's professional development plan.
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Cox JL, Simpson MD. Microbiology Education and Infection Control Competency: Offering a New Perspective. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY & BIOLOGY EDUCATION 2018; 19:jmbe-19-71. [PMID: 29983850 PMCID: PMC6022775 DOI: 10.1128/jmbe.v19i2.1475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) have become a significant and costly problem for healthcare institutions worldwide. Despite the crucial role of infection prevention and control (IC) procedures, there is a substantial body of evidence to indicate that IC knowledge and practices of health professional graduates is, however, sub-optimal. This paper presents a discussion of the critical role microbiology plays in infection control education and practice, arguing that without an ability to apply microbiology knowledge to IC decision-making, there is an inherent risk of incorrect application of IC practices and thus a risk to patient (and nurse) safety. The authors propose a re-conceptualization of infection control competency, using nursing as an exemplar profession, to reflect practice that is not based on simple memorization of protocols but rather on a sound understanding of microbiology and informed decision-making. The proposal for re-conceptualizing the definition and assessment of IC competence, if adopted, would potentially enhance students' understanding and synthesis of microbiology knowledge and help build students' capacity to apply that knowledge to practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L. Cox
- Corresponding author. Mailing address: School of Biomedical Sciences, PO Box 883, Orange, NSW, Australia, 2800. Phone 612 6365 7687. E-mail:
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Strategies to Prevent Healthcare-Associated Infections through Hand Hygiene. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016; 35 Suppl 2:S155-78. [DOI: 10.1017/s0899823x00193900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Previously published guidelines provide comprehensive recommendations for hand hygiene in healthcare facilities. The intent of this document is to highlight practical recommendations in a concise format, update recommendations with the most current scientific evidence, and elucidate topics that warrant clarification or more robust research. Additionally, this document is designed to assist healthcare facilities in implementing hand hygiene adherence improvement programs, including efforts to optimize hand hygiene product use, monitor and report back hand hygiene adherence data, and promote behavior change. This expert guidance document is sponsored by the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) and is the product of a collaborative effort led by SHEA, the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), the American Hospital Association (AHA), the Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology (APIC), and The Joint Commission, with major contributions from representatives of a number of organizations and societies with content expertise. The list of endorsing and supporting organizations is presented in the introduction to the 2014 updates.
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Necessary Infrastructure of Infection Prevention and Healthcare Epidemiology Programs: A Review. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016; 37:371-80. [PMID: 26832072 DOI: 10.1017/ice.2015.333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The scope of a healthcare institution's infection prevention and control/healthcare epidemiology program (IPC/HE) should be driven by the size and complexity of the patient population served, that population's risk for healthcare-associated infection (HAI), and local, state, and national regulatory and accreditation requirements. Essential activities of all IPC/HE programs include but are not limited to the following: ∙ Surveillance.∙ Performance improvement to reduce HAI ∙ Acute event response, including outbreak investigation ∙ Education and training of both healthcare personnel and patients ∙ Reporting of HAI to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Healthcare Safety Network as well as entities required by law.
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Mitchell BG, Hall L, MacBeth D, Gardner A, Halton K. Hospital infection control units: staffing, costs, and priorities. Am J Infect Control 2015; 43:612-6. [PMID: 25840714 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2015.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This article describes infection prevention and control professionals' (ICPs') staffing levels, patient outcomes, and costs associated with the provision of infection prevention and control services in Australian hospitals. A secondary objective was to determine the priorities for infection control units. METHODS A cross-sectional study design was used. Infection control units in Australian public and private hospitals completed a Web-based anonymous survey. Data collected included details about the respondent; hospital demographics; details and services of the infection control unit; and a description of infection prevention and control-related outputs, patient outcomes, and infection control priorities. RESULTS Forty-nine surveys were undertaken, accounting for 152 Australian hospitals. The mean number of ICPs was 0.66 per 100 overnight beds (95% confidence interval, 0.55-0.77). Privately funded hospitals have significantly fewer ICPs per 100 overnight beds compared with publicly funded hospitals (P < .01). Staffing costs for nursing staff in infection control units in this study totaled $16,364,392 (mean, $380,566). Infection control units managing smaller hospitals (<270 beds) identified the need for increased access to infectious diseases or microbiology support. CONCLUSION This study provides valuable information to support future decisions by funders, hospital administrators, and ICPs on service delivery models for infection prevention and control. Further, it is the first to provide estimates of the resourcing and cost of staffing infection control in hospitals at a national level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett G Mitchell
- Faculty of Nursing and Health, Avondale College of Higher Education, Wahroonga, NSW, Australia; School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine, Australian Catholic University, Dickson, ACT, Australia.
| | - Lisa Hall
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Deborough MacBeth
- Infection Prevention and Control Department, Gold Coast Hospital and Health Service, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Anne Gardner
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine, Australian Catholic University, Dickson, ACT, Australia
| | - Kate Halton
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Ellingson K, Haas JP, Aiello AE, Kusek L, Maragakis LL, Olmsted RN, Perencevich E, Polgreen PM, Schweizer ML, Trexler P, VanAmringe M, Yokoe DS. Strategies to prevent healthcare-associated infections through hand hygiene. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2015; 35:937-60. [PMID: 25026608 DOI: 10.1086/677145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Previously published guidelines provide comprehensive recommendations for hand hygiene in healthcare facilities. The intent of this document is to highlight practical recommendations in a concise format, update recommendations with the most current scientific evidence, and elucidate topics that warrant clarification or more robust research. Additionally, this document is designed to assist healthcare facilities in implementing hand hygiene adherence improvement programs, including efforts to optimize hand hygiene product use, monitor and report back hand hygiene adherence data, and promote behavior change. This expert guidance document is sponsored by the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) and is the product of a collaborative effort led by SHEA, the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), the American Hospital Association (AHA), the Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology (APIC), and The Joint Commission, with major contributions from representatives of a number of organizations and societies with content expertise. The list of endorsing and supporting organizations is presented in the introduction to the 2014 updates.
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Hale R, Powell T, Drey N, Gould D. Working practices and success of infection prevention and control teams: a scoping study. J Hosp Infect 2015; 89:77-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ellingson K, Haas JP, Aiello AE, Kusek L, Maragakis LL, Olmsted RN, Perencevich E, Polgreen PM, Schweizer ML, Trexler P, VanAmringe M, Yokoe DS. Strategies to Prevent Healthcare-Associated Infections through Hand Hygiene. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1086/651677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Previously published guidelines provide comprehensive recommendations for hand hygiene in healthcare facilities. The intent of this document is to highlight practical recommendations in a concise format, update recommendations with the most current scientific evidence, and elucidate topics that warrant clarification or more robust research. Additionally, this document is designed to assist healthcare facilities in implementing hand hygiene adherence improvement programs, including efforts to optimize hand hygiene product use, monitor and report back hand hygiene adherence data, and promote behavior change. This expert guidance document is sponsored by the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) and is the product of a collaborative effort led by SHEA, the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), the American Hospital Association (AHA), the Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology (APIC), and The Joint Commission, with major contributions from representatives of a number of organizations and societies with content expertise. The list of endorsing and supporting organizations is presented in the introduction to the 2014 updates.
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Liu LM, Curtis J, Crookes P. Identifying essential infection control competencies for newly graduated nurses: a three-phase study in Australia and Taiwan. J Hosp Infect 2014; 86:100-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2013.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Kupfer R, Michalzik E, Lenz M. [Preparedness - decisions in the face of uncertainty. Evaluation of nurses' response readiness in hospital emergency exercises]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR EVIDENZ, FORTBILDUNG UND QUALITAT IM GESUNDHEITSWESEN 2013; 107:611-621. [PMID: 24315332 DOI: 10.1016/j.zefq.2013.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 10/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Events in which the health and life of a large number of people are at stake impose particular challenges to all who are involved in healthcare. An effective response requires prompt decision-making under time pressure, in a context characterised by uncertainty and low routine. The hypothesis is that healthcare staffs' preparedness-related competency increases response quality. An evaluation tool was developed to assess response-relevant competencies of emergency nurses. Competencies relevant to the German healthcare system were systematically defined and operationalised into observable items. Multiple phases of qualitative field studies were employed to develop a conceptual guide to planning and conducting the evaluation. The usability of the evaluation tool was piloted and iteratively optimised. The resulting evaluation approach has the potential to substantiate education and training in the context of curriculum development.
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Health care personnel immunization programs: an assessment of knowledge and practice among infection preventionists in US health care facilities. Am J Infect Control 2013; 41:581-4. [PMID: 23313153 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2012.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Revised: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Guidelines exist that recommend specific vaccines for health care personnel and supporting documents provide guidance for program development and implementation, but the extent to which those guidelines have been implemented in health care personnel immunization programs has not been fully explored. This project aimed to evaluate current practices in US health care facilities concerning health care personnel immunization programs. METHODS A Web-based survey was deployed to 13,670 infection preventionists to assess 5 major program areas: (1) immunization program management; (2) vaccines provided to health care personnel; (3) vaccine handling practices; (4) training provided for the individual(s) responsible for the program; and (5) quality indicators for the program. A scoring scale was developed that demonstrated an overall measure of program performance. RESULTS The Web-based survey resulted in 1,006 completed responses. When assessing overall program performance, the median vaccine program score was 47.6%. Respondents certified in infection prevention (CIC) scored significantly higher in overall program performance than respondents not certified (54% vs, 43%, respectively, P = .003). CONCLUSION Results of the survey have identified a number of education and training opportunities that can be addressed by professional associations using available evidence-based and proven implementation materials as resource documents.
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Williams CK, Carnahan H. Development and validation of tools for assessing use of personal protective equipment in health care. Am J Infect Control 2013; 41:28-32. [PMID: 22704736 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2012.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2011] [Revised: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Incorrect use of personal protective equipment (PPE) may lead to the spread of infectious agents among health care workers and patients. Although novel education programs show promise, there is no standard evaluation for the competencies developed during training. METHODS A Delphi methodology was used in which checklist and global rating items for evaluating the performance of PPE skills involving gloves, gowns, masks, eye protection, and hand hygiene were generated and iteratively distributed to a panel of experts. The panel rated the importance of each item until agreement was reached, and the relevant items were used to form the Tools for Assessment of PPE Skills (TAPS), comprising 3 checklist sections (hand hygiene, donning, and doffing) and a global rating scale. Newly trained and experienced PPE users participated in experiments to evaluate the reliability, construct validity, and responsiveness of TAPS. RESULTS TAPS demonstrated interobserver reliability, and its global rating scale differentiated the performance of newly trained users and experienced users and was sensitive to changes in performance over time. CONCLUSIONS Pending further validation studies, the TAPS may facilitate the development and evaluation of educational programs to support learning and retention of PPE skills, leading to enhanced patient and health care worker safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille K Williams
- Graduate Department of Rehabilitation Science, and Wilson Centre for Research in Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Wright MO, Carter E, Pogorzelska M, Murphy C, Hanchett M, Stone PW. The APIC research agenda: results from a national survey. Am J Infect Control 2012; 40:309-13. [PMID: 22541854 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2012.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research is an integral component of the Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology (APIC) Strategic Plan 2020. As the role of the infection preventionist (IP) has evolved toward consumers and implementers of research, it becomes increasingly necessary to assess which topics require further evidence and how best APIC can assist IPs. In 2010, APIC determined that the research priorities first described in 2000 needed to be re-evaluated. METHODS A 33-question Web-based survey was developed and distributed via e-mail to APIC members in March 2011. The survey contained sections inquiring about respondents' demographics, familiarity with implementation science, and infection prevention research priorities. Priorities identified by a Delphi study 10 years ago were re-ranked, and open-ended items were used to identify new research priorities and understand how APIC could best serve its members in relation to research. RESULTS Seven hundred one members responded. Behavioral management science, surveillance standards, and infection prevention resource optimization were the highest ranked priorities and relatively unchanged from 2000. Proposed additional research topics focused on achieving standardization in infection prevention practices and program resource allocation. The majority of respondents described APIC's role in the field of research as a disseminator of low-cost, highly accessible education to its members. CONCLUSION This report should be used as a roadmap for APIC leadership as it provides suggestions on how APIC may best direct the association's research program. The major research priorities described and ranked in 2000 continue to challenge IPs. APIC can best serve its members by disseminating research findings in a cost-effective and easily accessed manner. Recurrent assessments of research priorities can help guide researchers and policy makers and help determine which topics will best support successful infection prevention processes and outcomes.
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Volkman JC, Rebmann T, Hilley S, Alexander S, Russell B, Wagner W. Infection prevention disaster preparedness planning for long-term care facilities. Am J Infect Control 2012; 40:206-10. [PMID: 21840086 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2011.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Revised: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term care facilities (LTCFs) are defined as residential institutions that provide care to people who are unable to live independently. Planning for infection prevention in disaster situations is essential for LTCFs because of the increased risk inherent in their patient population. Experiences with past disasters, such as pandemic influenza and Hurricane Katrina, have demonstrated where LTCFs are lacking in preparedness and opportunities for improvement. Little guidance is currently available to assist these facilities in creating an infection prevention component for their disaster plans. This paper is intended to guide the development of an infection prevention component of the LTCF disaster plan. METHODS A literature review and Internet search were conducted in September 2010. A spreadsheet was created with infection prevention topics for disaster plans that were identified. Recommendations were divided into themes/domains for simplification and clarity. RESULTS Fifty-eight articles, planning documents/reports, and Web-based training programs were identified and screened. Of the sources screened, 33 publications were determined to be relevant; 22 of which were peer-reviewed journal articles, and 11 were state, federal, or regulatory agency publications. CONCLUSION Whereas there were multiple publications related to the difficulties and risk factors LTCFs face in disasters, there were no publications that specifically addressed infection prevention in disasters or planning specific to infection prevention concerns in disasters in long-term care. LTCF administrators or others responsible for disaster planning in LTCFs are encouraged to use this article as a guide to developing comprehensive infection prevention policies and protocols for their emergency operations plan.
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Marjadi B, McLaws ML. Rural Indonesian health care workers' constructs of infection prevention and control knowledge. Am J Infect Control 2010; 38:399-403. [PMID: 20227793 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2009.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2009] [Revised: 11/09/2009] [Accepted: 11/09/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the constructs of knowledge behind clinical practices in low-resource rural health care settings with limited laboratory facilities and surveillance programs may help in designing resource-appropriate infection prevention and control education. METHODS Multiple qualitative methods of direct observations, individual and group focus discussions, and document analysis were used to examine health care workers' knowledge of infection prevention and control practices in intravenous therapy, antibiotic therapy, instrument reprocessing, and hand hygiene in 10 rural Indonesian health care facilities. RESULTS Awareness of health care-associated infections was low. Protocols were in the main based on verbal instructions handed down through the ranks of health care workers. The evidence-based knowledge gained across professional training was overridden by empiricism, nonscientific modifications, and organizational and societal cultures when resources were restricted or patients demanded inappropriate therapies. This phenomenon remained undetected by accreditation systems and clinical educators. CONCLUSION Rural Indonesian health care workers would benefit from a formal introduction to evidence-based practice that would deconstruct individual protocols that include nonscientific knowledge. To achieve levels of acceptable patient safety, protocols would have to be both evidence-based and resource-appropriate.
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Rebmann T, Mohr LB. Bioterrorism knowledge and educational participation of nurses in Missouri. J Contin Educ Nurs 2010; 41:67-76. [PMID: 20166646 DOI: 10.3928/00220124-20100126-04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nurses are integral to bioterrorism preparedness, but nurses' bioterrorism preparedness knowledge has not been evaluated well. METHODS Missouri Nurses Association members (1,528) were studied in the summer of 2006 to assess their bioterrorism knowledge and the perceived benefits of education as well as barriers to education. RESULTS The response rate was 31%. Most respondents (60%, n = 284) received no bioterrorism education. Nurses who were nurse practitioners (t = -2.42, p < .05), were male (t = -2.99, p < .01), or were on a planning committee (t = -1.96, p = .05) had received more education than other nurses. The most commonly cited barrier to education (46.6%, n = 221) was not knowing where to obtain training. One third of respondents (31.2%) reported no interest in receiving bioterrorism education in the future. Nurses' average score on the knowledge test was 73%. The most commonly missed questions pertained to infection control and decontamination procedures. CONCLUSION Bioterrorism preparedness training should be offered through continuing education and nursing school curricula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terri Rebmann
- Institute for Biosecurity, Division of Environmental and Occupational Health, Saint Louis University School of Public Health, 3545 Lafayette Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
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Rebmann T. Assessing hospital emergency management plans: a guide for infection preventionists. Am J Infect Control 2009; 37:708-14.e4. [PMID: 19699558 PMCID: PMC7132688 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2009.04.286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2009] [Revised: 04/13/2009] [Accepted: 04/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hospital emergency management plans are essential and must include input from an infection preventionist (IP). Multiple hospital planning documents exist, but many do not address infection prevention issues, combine them with noninfection prevention issues, or are disease/event specific. An all-encompassing emergency management planning guide for IPs is needed. METHODS A literature review and Internet search were conducted in December 2008. Data from relevant sources were extracted. A spreadsheet was created that delineated hospital emergency management plan components of interest to IPs. RESULTS Of the sources screened, 49 were deemed relevant. Eleven domains were identified: (1) having a plan; (2) assessing hospital readiness; (3) having infection prevention policies and procedures; (4) having occupational health policies and procedures; (5) conducting surveillance and triage; (6) reporting incidents, having a communication plan, and managing information; (7) having laboratory support; (8) addressing surge capacity issues; (9) having anti-infective therapy and/or vaccines; (10) providing infection prevention education; and (11) managing physical plant issues. CONCLUSION Infection preventionists should use this article as an assessment tool for evaluating their hospital emergency management plan and for developing policies and procedures that will decrease the risk of infection transmission during a mass casualty event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terri Rebmann
- Institute of Biosecurity, Saint Louis University, School of Public Health, St Louis, MO 63104, USA.
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Rebmann T. APIC State-of-the-Art Report: the role of the infection preventionist in emergency management. Am J Infect Control 2009; 37:271-81. [PMID: 19321230 PMCID: PMC7132651 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2008.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2008] [Revised: 11/21/2008] [Accepted: 12/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This report summarizes the scope and role of infection preventionists in emergency management for all types of disasters. Preventing the transmission of infectious agents during a disaster is an essential component of emergency management. Previous disasters have illustrated the need for better infection prevention and the involvement of an infection prevention professional in planning for and responding to such events. METHODS An evidence-based approach was used, consisting of a literature review and review by members of the Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc, Emergency Preparedness Committee. RESULTS Nine domains were identified that describe the role of the infection preventionist in emergency management: knowledge of disasters and emergency management, assessing readiness and emergency management plans, infection prevention coverage, participation in disaster response and recovery, health care policy development, surveillance, patient management, physical plant issues, and infection preventionist as educator. Details for each domain are provided. CONCLUSION Infection preventionists need to become more involved in emergency management at the personal, facility, and community level. This report outlines the infection preventionist's responsibilities related to emergency management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terri Rebmann
- Institute of Biosecurity, Division of Environmental and Occupational Health, St. Louis University, School of Public Health, 3545 Lafayette Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA.
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Rebmann T, Wagner W, Warye K. APIC's role in emergency management: proceedings of the 2008 APIC Emergency Preparedness Mini-Summit. Am J Infect Control 2009; 37:343-8. [PMID: 19285754 PMCID: PMC7132711 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2008.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2008] [Revised: 11/07/2008] [Accepted: 11/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Terri Rebmann
- Institute of Biosecurity, St. Louis University, School of Public Health, 3545 Lafayette Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA.
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