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Postoperative Excessive Bleeding following Stainless-Steel Crown Placement in Healthy Children with a Suggested Approach for Prevention. Case Rep Dent 2023; 2023:6805636. [PMID: 36816470 PMCID: PMC9931487 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6805636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Stainless-Steel Crown (SSC) placement is a common treatment in children, usually without significant adverse consequences. The present case series reports six healthy children were admitted to emergency rooms in two medical centers with delayed excessive bleeding from their gingiva, adjacent to newly placed SSCs. The bleeding, in some cases, was so extensive, that it induced vomiting and anxiety, among the children and their parents, and in two cases required surgical suturing. In all six cases, the most probable etiology was a toxic reaction to the released nickel or chromium ions from the SSCs, exacerbated by contact with wounded and bleeding gingiva. Expression of this cytotoxic mode of action, due to metal ions released from SSCs, is not well documented in children. Our aims are to raise awareness of this unique complication and to suggest an approach to minimize and prevent its occurrence. Recommended immediate treatment includes frequent rinsing of the gingiva to wash out released metal ions and decrease their toxic effect. Furthermore, in the following appointments, we recommend using only SSCs previously soaked in water for several weeks, using zirconia crowns, or using Hall's technique when appropriate.
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Metal Release and Surface Degradation of Fixed Orthodontic Appliances during the Dental Levelling and Aligning Phase: A 12-Week Study. COATINGS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings12050554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study is twofold: (i) to assess the salivary nickel, chromium, and iron concentrations and (ii) to characterize the surface microstructure of the typical commercially available Ni-containing metallic appliances during the first 12-week orthodontic treatment period. A total of 85 unstimulated saliva samples were collected from patients before treatment, after 2 days, and after 1, 4, and 12 weeks. Salivary ion concentrations were determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy, and data were analyzed with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (IBM SPSS) software. The recorded mean metal concentrations were in the ranges of 132–175 µg/L for Ni, 171–192 µg/L for Cr, and 826–1023 µg/L for Fe. No statistically significant variations were observed between the different study times, and the null hypothesis (the concentrations of metallic ions in patients’ saliva did not significantly change after the placement of the orthodontic appliances) was accepted (p > 0.05). Mean salivary metallic ions were below toxic levels, and no adverse clinical reactions were registered. The intraoral surface degradation of the fixed components was corroborated by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectrometry. Microstructural analysis after complete orthodontic procedure confirmed different corrosion types, from pitting to biocorrosion.
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Zgombić Popović V, Grgurević L, Trkulja V, Novak R, Negovetić-Vranić D. THE ROLE OF NEW TECHNOLOGIES IN DEFINING SALIVARY PROTEIN COMPOSITION FOLLOWING PLACEMENT OF FIXED ORTHODONTIC APPLIANCES - BREAKTHROUGH IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF NOVEL DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC PROCEDURES. Acta Clin Croat 2020; 59:480-488. [PMID: 34177058 PMCID: PMC8212653 DOI: 10.20471/acc.2020.59.03.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Human saliva is rich in proteins of variable functions (e.g., enzymes, immunoglobulins, cytokines) and origin (blood plasma, salivary glands, or oral microflora). Circadian dynamics, volume and composition (electrolytes, pH, protein, etc.) of secreted saliva vary with local and systemic physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Therefore, the composition of saliva, protein in particular, has been intensively investigated to identify the potential markers and/or mechanisms of systemic and local diseases. Proteomic techniques used for the analysis of biological fluids have enabled great advances in salivary protein stabilization (as the main precondition for their analysis) and detection of those found in saliva in very low concentrations, including small proteins and peptides. This review brings the main characteristics of current proteomic techniques such as liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, two-dimensional electrophoresis-mass spectrometry, and surface-enhanced laser desorption ionization/time of flight/mass spectrometry. These techniques enable simultaneous identification of hundreds and thousands of protein molecules, as well as identifying those of a potential biological value in particular states. This literature review is focused on the state-of-the-art and possibilities offered by proteomic techniques in analyzing the effects of orthodontic appliances on salivary protein composition and searching for potential markers of therapeutic success/failure or for the molecules by which therapeutic effects are achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lovorka Grgurević
- 1Orthonova Dental Polyclinic, Zagreb, Croatia; 2Drago Perović Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; 3Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; 4Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Department of Proteomics, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; 5Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vladimir Trkulja
- 1Orthonova Dental Polyclinic, Zagreb, Croatia; 2Drago Perović Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; 3Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; 4Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Department of Proteomics, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; 5Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ruđer Novak
- 1Orthonova Dental Polyclinic, Zagreb, Croatia; 2Drago Perović Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; 3Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; 4Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Department of Proteomics, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; 5Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dubravka Negovetić-Vranić
- 1Orthonova Dental Polyclinic, Zagreb, Croatia; 2Drago Perović Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; 3Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; 4Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Department of Proteomics, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; 5Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Ogawa CM, Faltin K, Maeda FA, Ortolani CLF, Guaré RO, Cardoso CAB, Costa ALF. In vivo assessment of the corrosion of nickel-titanium orthodontic archwires by using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Microsc Res Tech 2020; 83:928-936. [PMID: 32233101 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to assess in vivo the corrosion in two commercial nickel-titanium (NiTi) orthodontic archwires removed from the oral cavity of patients using fluoride mouthwashes. Five volunteers took part in this study on the corrosion behavior of two brands of NiTi archwires (3M and AO (brand of archwire)) during use of two mouthwashes with neutral sodium fluoride 1.1%, one with acidulated fluoride 1.1%, and one with placebo and a control group. Each patient used one mouthwash in three different periods of time for 1 min a day for 30 days. The archwires were assessed with scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy for qualitative and quantitative analysis. The values obtained with atomic force microscopy (AFM) were submitted to normality test, two-way analysis of variance, and Tukey's test at a significance level of 5%. The AFM images showed a gradual qualitative increase in the roughness of both types of wire between the treatments: control < placebo < neutral fluoride < acidulated fluoride. The arithmetic average of the roughness and root mean square of the roughness were similar. As for 3M archwires, only the acidulated fluoride group differed statistically from the others. As for AO archwires, the control and placebo groups did not differ from each other, but differed from the other fluoride treatments. The group using neutral fluoride also differed significantly from the acidulated fluoride group. 3M archwires were not affected by daily oral challenges. AO archwires were not affected by daily oral challenges either; their association with fluoride, either neutral or acidulated, increased their roughness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celso M Ogawa
- Department of Dentistry, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Cruzeiro do Sul University (UNICSUL), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kurt Faltin
- Departament of Orthodontics, Universidade Paulista (UNIP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando A Maeda
- Department of Orthodontics and Radiology, University City of São Paulo (UNICID), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Renata O Guaré
- Department of Dentistry, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Cruzeiro do Sul University (UNICSUL), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristiane A B Cardoso
- Department of Dentistry, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Cruzeiro do Sul University (UNICSUL), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André L F Costa
- Department of Dentistry, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Cruzeiro do Sul University (UNICSUL), São Paulo, Brazil
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Assessment of hair nickel and chromium levels in patients with a fixed orthodontic appliance: a systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control studies. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2019; 36:261-266. [PMID: 31333341 PMCID: PMC6640016 DOI: 10.5114/ada.2018.74520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The metals nickel (Ni) and chromium (Cr) can cause immunological sensitivity and adverse biological and cytotoxic effects. Aim To evaluate hair levels of these metals in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment compared with controls. Material and methods Five databases – PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and ScienceDirect – were searched up to January 2018 for evaluation of the hair levels of nickel and/or chromium in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment. To assess the study quality, the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used (NOS), and to compare hair Ni and Cr levels in the cases compared with the controls, a random-effects meta-analysis was performed by Review Manager 5.3 using standard mean differences (SMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results Out of 38 studies in the databases searched, 6 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled SMD of hair Ni levels between the cases and controls was 0.95 μg/g (95% CI: –0.09, 1.99; p = 0.07), which showed that the Ni level was similar in the cases compared with the controls, and that for hair Cr levels was 0.88 μg/g (95% CI: –0.45, 2.21; p = 0.20), so the Cr level was similar in the cases compared with the controls. Conclusions The slightly elevated hair levels of Ni and Cr in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment suggest that changing the components of fixed orthodontic appliances can be considered as an acceptable solution in the future.
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Effect of Fixed Orthodontic Treatment on Salivary Nickel and Chromium Levels: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. Dent J (Basel) 2019; 7:dj7010021. [PMID: 30823648 PMCID: PMC6473672 DOI: 10.3390/dj7010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nickel and chromium ions released from fixed orthodontic appliances may act as allergens. This study aimed to systematically review the effect of fixed orthodontic treatment on salivary levels of these ions by doing a meta-analysis on cross-sectional and cohort studies. The Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and PubMed databases were searched for articles on salivary profile of nickel or chromium in patients under fixed orthodontic treatment published from January 1983 to October 2017. A random-effect meta-analysis was done using Review Manager 5.3 to calculate mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence interval (CI), and the quality of questionnaire was evaluated by the Newcastle⁻Ottawa scale. Fourteen studies were included and analyzed in this meta-analysis. Salivary nickel level was higher in periods of 10 min or less (MD = -11.5 µg/L, 95% CI = -16.92 to -6.07; P < 0.0001) and one day (MD = -1.38 µg/L, 95% CI = -1.97 to -0.80; P < 0.00001) after initiation of treatment compared to baseline (before the insertion of appliance). Salivary chromium level was higher in periods of one day (MD = -6.25 µg/L, 95% CI = -12.00 to -0.49; P = 0.03) and one week (MD = -2.07 µg/L, 95% CI = -3.88 to -0.26; P = 0.03) after the initiation of treatment compared to baseline. Corrosion of fixed orthodontic appliances leads to elevated salivary nickel and chromium concentrations early after initiation of orthodontic treatment. Randomized clinical trials controlling for factors affecting the saliva composition are recommended on a higher number of patients and among different ethnicities.
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Mortazavi SMJ, Paknahad M, Khaleghi I, Eghlidospour M. Effect of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMFS) from mobile phones on nickel release from orthodontic brackets: An in vitro study. Int Orthod 2018; 16:562-570. [PMID: 30007574 DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2018.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The worldwide dramatic increase in the use of cell phones has generated great concerns about their potential adverse health effects. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMFs) emitted from mobile phones on the level of nickel release from orthodontic brackets. METHODS Twenty stainless steel brackets were divided randomly into experimental and control groups (n=10). Brackets were immersed in artificial saliva at 37°C for 6 months. Experimental group were exposed to GSM 900MHz RF-EMFs emitted from a mobile phone stimulator for 4hours. The specific absorption rate (SAR) was 2.287W/kg. The concentration of nickel in the artificial saliva in both groups was evaluated by using the cold-vapour atomic absorption spectrometry. The Mann-Whitney test was used to assess significant differences in nickel release between the exposed and non-exposed groups. RESULTS The mean nickel levels in the exposed and non-exposed groups were 11.95 and 2.89μg/l, respectively. This difference between the concentrations of nickel in the artificial saliva of these groups was statistically significant (P=0.001). CONCLUSION Exposure to RF-EMFs emitted from mobile phones can lead to human exposure to higher levels of nickel in saliva in patients with orthodontic appliances. As nickel exposure can lead to allergic reaction in humans and considering this point that about 10-20% of the population can be hypersensitive to nickel, further studies are needed to evaluate the effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMFs) emitted from common devices such as mobile phones or Wi-Fi routers on the level of nickel release from orthodontic brackets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mohammad Javad Mortazavi
- Biophotonics Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, 3200 N Cramer Street, WI 53211 Milwaukee, USA; Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation protection Research Center (INIRpRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Paknahad
- Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology Department, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Iman Khaleghi
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahsa Eghlidospour
- Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation protection Research Center (INIRpRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Mortazavi SMJ, Paknahad M, Khaleghi I, Eghlidospour M. Effets des champs électromagnétiques de radiofréquences (CEM-RF) des téléphones mobiles sur la libération du nickel des attaches orthodontiques : étude in vitro. Int Orthod 2018; 16:562-570. [PMID: 30007573 DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2018.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mohammad Javad Mortazavi
- Biophotonics Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, 3200 N Cramer Street, WI 53211 Milwaukee, USA; Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation protection Research Center (INIRpRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Paknahad
- Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology Department, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Iman Khaleghi
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahsa Eghlidospour
- Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation protection Research Center (INIRpRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Jurela A, Verzak Ž, Brailo V, Škrinjar I, Sudarević K, Janković B. Salivary Electrolytes in Patients with Metallic and Ceramic Orthodontic Brackets. Acta Stomatol Croat 2018; 52:32-36. [PMID: 30034002 PMCID: PMC6050745 DOI: 10.15644/asc52/1/5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives It is known from the existing literature that metal ions within orthodontic appliances are prone to corrosion due to the salivary and bacterial interplay in the oral cavity. The results from the most studies show that levels of salivary nickel and chromium do not increase after the installment of orthodontic appliances. Material and methods However, there are no studies on salivary levels of titanium, cobalt, copper and zinc in these patients. Salivary levels of nickel (Ni), titanium (Ti), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) were measured in 42 patients with ceramic brackets and in 42 patients with metal conventional brackets prior to insertion of orthodontic appliances and six months after insertion of orthodontic appliances by means of inductive coupled plasma/mass spectrometry. Statistical analysis was performed by use of Wilcoxon signed rank test and Mann Whitney test with level of significance set at 0.05. Results The results showed that salivary level of titanium increased significantly six months after installment of orthodontic appliances. Salivary level of chromium and zinc significantly decreased after installment of orthodontic appliances. There were no significant differences in salivary levels of nickel, titanium, chromium, copper, cobalt and zinc between the patients with metallic and those with ceramic brackets. Conclusion We might conclude that the salivary level of titanium increased significantly six months after installment of orthodontic appliances unlike salivary levels of chromium and zinc which significantly decreased after installment of orthodontic appliances, regardless of bracket type which was used.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Željko Verzak
- Department of Pedodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb
| | - Vlaho Brailo
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb
| | - Ivana Škrinjar
- Department of Oral Medicine, Clinical Hospital Center Zagreb
| | | | - Bernard Janković
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb
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A CAD/CAM Zirconium Bar as a Bonded Mandibular Fixed Retainer: A Novel Approach with Two-Year Follow-Up. Case Rep Dent 2017; 2017:1583403. [PMID: 28819572 PMCID: PMC5551476 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1583403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Stainless steel alloys containing 8% to 12% nickel and 17% to 22% chromium are generally used in orthodontic appliances. A major concern has been the performance of alloys in the environment in which they are intended to function in the oral cavity. Biodegradation and metal release increase the risk of hypersensitivity and cytotoxicity. This case report describes for the first time a CAD/CAM zirconium bar as a bonded mandibular fixed retainer with 2-year follow-up in a patient who is subjected to long-term treatment with fixed orthodontic appliance and suspected to have metal hypersensitivity as shown by the considerable increase of nickel and chromium concentrations in a sample of patient's unstimulated saliva. The CAD/CAM design included a 1.8 mm thickness bar on the lingual surface of lower teeth from canine to canine with occlusal rests on mesial side of first premolars. For better retention, a thin layer of feldspathic ceramic was added to the inner surface of the bar and cemented with two dual-cured cement types. The patient's complaint subsided 6 weeks after cementation. Clinical evaluation appeared to give good functional value where the marginal fit of digitized CAD/CAM design and glazed surface offered an enhanced approach of fixed retention.
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Lages RB, Bridi EC, Pérez CA, Basting RT. Salivary levels of nickel, chromium, iron, and copper in patients treated with metal or esthetic fixed orthodontic appliances: A retrospective cohort study. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2017; 40:67-71. [PMID: 28159224 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2016.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this retrospective cohort study was to measure the salivary levels of nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe) and copper (Cu) released from metal and esthetic fixed orthodontic appliances. Ninety patients were divided into three groups (n=30): control (those who had never undergone orthodontic treatment), metal appliance (stainless steel brackets and bands, and nitinol archwires) and esthetic appliance (polycarbonate brackets and tubes, and rhodium-coated nitinol archwires). Patients undergoing orthodontic treatment had used their appliances for periods between one and six months. Ni, Cr, Fe and Cu salivary concentrations were measured by the Total Reflection X-Ray Fluorescence technique. Kruskal-Wallis and Bonferroni-Dunn test showed that Ni (p=0.027) and Cr (p=0.040) concentrations were significantly higher for patients undergoing metallic orthodontic treatment than for the esthetic group. No significant difference regarding Ni and Cr (p=0.447) concentrations were observed between the metal and the control groups (p=0.464 and p=0.447, respectively) or between the esthetic and the control groups (p=0.698 and p=0.912, respectively). Ni and Cr concentrations were significantly influenced by the type of appliance used. Fe and Cu concentrations were not affected by the type or use of orthodontic appliances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Bandeira Lages
- São Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Dental Research Center, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Dental Materials, Rua José Rocha Junqueira, 13. Bairro Swift, Campinas, SP, 13045-755, Brazil.
| | - Enrico Coser Bridi
- São Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Dental Research Center, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Dental Materials, Rua José Rocha Junqueira, 13. Bairro Swift, Campinas, SP, 13045-755, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Alberto Pérez
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory, Rua Giuseppe Máximo Scolfaro, 10.000. Polo II de Alta Tecnologia de Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil.
| | - Roberta Tarkany Basting
- São Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Dental Research Center, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Dental Materials, Rua José Rocha Junqueira, 13. Bairro Swift, Campinas, SP, 13045-755, Brazil.
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Gölz L, Knickenberg AC, Keilig L, Reimann S, Papageorgiou SN, Jäger A, Bourauel C. Nickel ion concentrations in the saliva of patients treated with self-ligating fixed appliances: a prospective cohort study. J Orofac Orthop 2016; 77:85-93. [DOI: 10.1007/s00056-016-0012-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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13
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Dwivedi A, Tikku T, Khanna R, Maurya RP, Verma G, Murthy RC. Release of nickel and chromium ions in the saliva of patients with fixed orthodontic appliance: An in-vivo study. Natl J Maxillofac Surg 2015; 6:62-6. [PMID: 26668455 PMCID: PMC4668735 DOI: 10.4103/0975-5950.168224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Various components of fixed orthodontic appliances are continuously interacting with saliva and other fluids in the mouth releasing various metal ions including nickel and chromium that can cause damaging effects if their concentration exceeds above the toxic dose. AIM To determine and compare the level of nickel and chromium in the saliva of patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment at different time periods. MATERIALS AND METHODS The sample of saliva of 13 patients was taken at different time periods that is: Group 1 (before appliance placement), Group II, III, and IV (after 1-week, 1-month, and 3 months of appliance placement respectively). The fixed appliance comprised of brackets, bands, buccal tubes, lingual sheath, transpalatal arch and wires composed of Ni-Ti and stainless steel. The level of ions was determined using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectro-photometry. The data thus obtained were statistically analyzed using SPSS Statistical Analysis Software (Version 15.0). RESULTS Level of nickel and chromium in saliva was highest in Group II and lowest in Groups I for both the ions. On comparison among different Groups, it was statistically significant for all the groups (<0.001) except between Group III and Group IV. CONCLUSION The release of nickel and chromium was maximum at 1-week and then the level gradually declined. These values were well below the toxic dose of these ions. The results should be viewed with caution in subjects with Ni hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoop Dwivedi
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Babu Banarasi Das College of Dental Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Tripti Tikku
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Babu Banarasi Das College of Dental Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rohit Khanna
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Babu Banarasi Das College of Dental Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rana Pratap Maurya
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Babu Banarasi Das College of Dental Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Geeta Verma
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Babu Banarasi Das College of Dental Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - R C Murthy
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research Centre, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Martín-Cameán A, Jos A, Puerto M, Calleja A, Iglesias-Linares A, Solano E, Cameán AM. In vivo determination of aluminum, cobalt, chromium, copper, nickel, titanium and vanadium in oral mucosa cells from orthodontic patients with mini-implants by Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). J Trace Elem Med Biol 2015; 32:13-20. [PMID: 26302907 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Miniscrews are used as orthodontic anchorage devices in the dentistry clinical practice but the in vivo metallic release from these structures has been not previously investigated. The aim of this study was to determine the content of Al, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Ti and V in oral mucosa cells of control subjects, patients under orthodontic treatment and with both, orthodontic treatment and miniscrew, in order to know the contribution of these mini-implants to the total metallic content. ICP-MS measurements revealed the following ascending order: Cr<Ni<Ti<Cu<Al, and Co and V were practically undetected. Significant differences in comparison to the control group were found for Cu in the orthodontic group, and for Ni in both, orthodontic and orthodontic+miniscrew groups. Potential correlations among metallic elements and with some clinical factors were also explored. These findings suggest that miniscrews do not increase significantly the metal release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Martín-Cameán
- Stomatology Department, School of Dentistry, University of Seville, Spain
| | - Angeles Jos
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Spain
| | - Maria Puerto
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Spain
| | - Ana Calleja
- Investigation, Technology and Innovation Center, University of Seville, Spain
| | | | - Enrique Solano
- Stomatology Department, School of Dentistry, University of Seville, Spain
| | - Ana M Cameán
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Spain.
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Olivares Arias V, Valverde Som L, Quiros Rodríguez V, García Romero R, Muñoz N, Navarro Alarcón M, Cabrera Vique C. Níquel en alimentos y factores influyentes en sus niveles, ingesta, biodisponibilidad y toxicidad: una revisión. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2014.917383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Martín-Cameán A, Jos A, Calleja A, Gil F, Iglesias-Linares A, Solano E, Cameán AM. Development and validation of an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) method for the determination of cobalt, chromium, copper and nickel in oral mucosa cells. Microchem J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2013.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Martín-Cameán A, Molina-Villalba I, Jos A, Iglesias-Linares A, Solano E, Cameán AM, Gil F. Biomonitorization of chromium, copper, iron, manganese and nickel in scalp hair from orthodontic patients by atomic absorption spectrometry. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 37:759-771. [PMID: 24632012 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The study was aimed to assess Cu, Cr, Fe, Mn and Ni levels in human scalp hair from a broad population group treated with orthodontic appliances (n=70) to determine, whether the concentration of a given metal was significantly influenced by the orthodontic treatment in comparison to control group (n=56). Levels of metal compounds were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. The mean, ranges, median and 5th and 95th percentiles of metals analyzed in hair that were hypothesized to be systemically absorbed from stainless steel, are provided. The influence of individual factors on metal concentrations was considered (gender, age), and inter-element interactions were studied by evaluation of correlation coefficients between elements, as well as by multiple regression analysis. Differences in the content of metals in hair were only significantly increased for Mn when compared to the control group, but their levels were of the same magnitude to other control populations, and consequently, no risks linked to the treatment have been found. The orthodontic treatment increased significantly Mn levels in young patients (<20 years old) when compared with control group. Scalp hair analysis is a good method to investigate the release of the elements from fixed orthodontic appliances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Martín-Cameán
- Stomatology Department, School of Dentistry, University of Seville, Spain
| | - Isabel Molina-Villalba
- Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Spain
| | - Angeles Jos
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Spain
| | | | - Enrique Solano
- Stomatology Department, School of Dentistry, University of Seville, Spain
| | - Ana M Cameán
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Spain
| | - Fernando Gil
- Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Spain.
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Mikulewicz M, Chojnacka K, Wołowiec P. Release of metal ions from fixed orthodontic appliance: an in vitro study in continuous flow system. Angle Orthod 2014; 84:140-148. [PMID: 23477423 PMCID: PMC8683050 DOI: 10.2319/113012-911.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the release of metal ions from fixed orthodontic appliances. MATERIALS AND METHODS A new system for in vitro testing of dental materials was constructed and consisted of a thermostatic glass reactor that enabled immersion of the studied material. Experimental conditions reflected the human oral cavity, with a temperature of 37°C and a saliva flow rate of 0.5mL/min. The simulated fixed orthodontic appliance made of stainless steel was evaluated. Sampling was performed at several time points during the 28-day study, and the metal ion concentration was determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. RESULTS The total mass of released metal ions from the appliance during 4 weeks of the experiment was as follows nickel 18.7 μg, chromium 5.47 μg, copper 31.3 μg. CONCLUSIONS The estimated doses of nickel, chromium, and copper determined by extrapolation of experimental data released during the treatment period were far below the toxic dose to humans. This shows that orthodontic treatment might not be a significant source of exposure to these metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Mikulewicz
- a Assistant Professor, Department of Dentofacial Orthopedics and Orthodontics, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland
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Martín-Cameán A, Jos A, Calleja A, Gil F, Iglesias A, Solano E, Cameán AM. Validation of a method to quantify titanium, vanadium and zirconium in oral mucosa cells by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Talanta 2014; 118:238-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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