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Lawrence JH, Patel A, King MW, Nadarajah CJ, Daneman R, Musiek ES. Microglia drive diurnal variation in susceptibility to inflammatory blood-brain barrier breakdown. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.10.588924. [PMID: 38645230 PMCID: PMC11030435 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.10.588924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is critical for maintaining brain homeostasis but is susceptible to inflammatory dysfunction. Permeability of the BBB to lipophilic molecules shows circadian variation due to rhythmic transporter expression, while basal permeability to polar molecules is non-rhythmic. Whether daily timing influences BBB permeability in response to inflammation is unknown. Here, we induced systemic inflammation through repeated lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injections either in the morning (ZT1) or evening (ZT13) under standard lighting conditions, then examined BBB permeability to a polar molecule, sodium fluorescein. We observed clear diurnal variation in inflammatory BBB permeability, with a striking increase in paracellular leak across the BBB specifically following evening LPS injection. Evening LPS led to persisting glia activation and inflammation in the brain that was not observed in the periphery. The exaggerated evening neuroinflammation and BBB disruption were suppressed by microglial depletion or through keeping mice in constant darkness. Our data show that diurnal rhythms in microglial inflammatory responses to LPS drive daily variability in BBB breakdown and reveals time-of-day as a key regulator of inflammatory BBB disruption.
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Rojas-Colón LA, Redell JB, Dash PK, Vegas PE, Vélez-Torres W. 4R-cembranoid suppresses glial cells inflammatory phenotypes and prevents hippocampal neuronal loss in LPS-treated mice. J Neurosci Res 2024; 102:e25336. [PMID: 38656664 PMCID: PMC11073245 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Chronic neuroinflammation has been implicated in neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis. A key feature of neuroinflammation is neuronal loss and glial activation, including microglia and astrocytes. 4R-cembranoid (4R) is a natural compound that inhibits hippocampal pro-inflammatory cytokines and increases memory function in mice. We used the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection model to study the effect of 4R on neuronal density and microglia and astrocyte activation. C57BL/6J wild-type mice were injected with LPS (5 mg/kg) and 2 h later received either 4R (6 mg/kg) or vehicle. Mice were sacrificed after 72 h for analysis of brain pathology. Confocal images of brain sections immunostained for microglial, astrocyte, and neuronal markers were used to quantify cellular hippocampal phenotypes and neurons. Hippocampal lysates were used to measure the expression levels of neuronal nuclear protein (NeuN), inducible nitrous oxide synthase (iNOS), arginase-1, thrombospondin-1 (THBS1), glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), and orosomucoid-2 (ORM2) by western blot. iNOS and arginase-1 are widely used protein markers of pro- and anti-inflammatory microglia, respectively. GDNF promotes neuronal survival, and ORM2 and THBS1 are astrocytic proteins that regulate synaptic plasticity and inhibit microglial activation. 4R administration significantly reduced neuronal loss and the number of pro-inflammatory microglia 72 h after LPS injection. It also decreased the expression of the pro-inflammatory protein iNOS while increasing arginase-1 expression, supporting its anti-inflammatory role. The protein expression of THBS1, GDNF, and ORM2 was increased by 4R. Our data show that 4R preserves the integrity of hippocampal neurons against LPS-induced neuroinflammation in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Rojas-Colón
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Central del Caribe School of Medicine, Bayamón, Puerto Rico
| | - John B Redell
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Pramod K Dash
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Pedro E Vegas
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Central del Caribe School of Medicine, Bayamón, Puerto Rico
| | - Wanda Vélez-Torres
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Central del Caribe School of Medicine, Bayamón, Puerto Rico
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Weidinger A, Meszaros AT, Dumitrescu S, Kozlov AV. Effect of mitoTEMPO on Redox Reactions in Different Body Compartments upon Endotoxemia in Rats. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13050794. [PMID: 37238664 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial ROS (mitoROS) control many reactions in cells. Biological effects of mitoROS in vivo can be investigated by modulation via mitochondria-targeted antioxidants (mtAOX, mitoTEMPO). The aim of this study was to determine how mitoROS influence redox reactions in different body compartments in a rat model of endotoxemia. We induced inflammatory response by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection and analyzed effects of mitoTEMPO in blood, abdominal cavity, bronchoalveolar space, and liver tissue. MitoTEMPO decreased the liver damage marker aspartate aminotransferase; however, it neither influenced the release of cytokines (e.g., tumor necrosis factor, IL-4) nor decreased ROS generation by immune cells in the compartments examined. In contrast, ex vivo mitoTEMPO treatment substantially reduced ROS generation. Examination of liver tissue revealed several redox paramagnetic centers sensitive to in vivo LPS and mitoTEMPO treatment and high levels of nitric oxide (NO) in response to LPS. NO levels in blood were lower than in liver, and were decreased by in vivo mitoTEMPO treatment. Our data suggest that (i) inflammatory mediators are not likely to directly contribute to ROS-mediated liver damage and (ii) mitoTEMPO is more likely to affect the redox status of liver cells reflected in a redox change of paramagnetic molecules. Further studies are necessary to understand these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelheid Weidinger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andras T Meszaros
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, 1200 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sergiu Dumitrescu
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrey V Kozlov
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, 1200 Vienna, Austria
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Water Extract of Chrysanthemum indicum L. Flower Inhibits Capsaicin-Induced Systemic Low-Grade Inflammation by Modulating Gut Microbiota and Short-Chain Fatty Acids. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051069. [PMID: 36904069 PMCID: PMC10005712 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic low-grade inflammation induced by unhealthy diet has become a common health concern as it contributes to immune imbalance and induces chronic diseases, yet effective preventions and interventions are currently unavailable. The Chrysanthemum indicum L. flower (CIF) is a common herb with a strong anti-inflammatory effect in drug-induced models, based on the theory of "medicine and food homology". However, its effects and mechanisms in reducing food-induced systemic low-grade inflammation (FSLI) remain unclear. This study showed that CIF can reduce FSLI and represents a new strategy to intervene in chronic inflammatory diseases. In this study, we administered capsaicin to mice by gavage to establish a FSLI model. Then, three doses of CIF (7, 14, 28 g·kg-1·day-1) were tested as the intervention. Capsaicin was found to increase serum TNF-α levels, demonstrating a successful model induction. After a high dose of CIF intervention, serum levels of TNF-α and LPS were reduced by 62.8% and 77.44%. In addition, CIF increased the α diversity and number of OTUs in the gut microbiota, restored the abundance of Lactobacillus and increased the total content of SCFAs in the feces. In summary, CIF inhibits FSLI by modulating the gut microbiota, increasing SCFAs levels and inhibiting excessive LPS translocation into the blood. Our findings provided a theoretical support for using CIF in FSLI intervention.
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Uhl B, Haring F, Slotta-Huspenina J, Luft J, Schneewind V, Hildinger J, Wu Z, Steiger K, Smiljanov B, Batcha AMN, Keppler OT, Hellmuth JC, Lahmer T, Stock K, Weiss BG, Canis M, Stark K, Bromberger T, Moser M, Schulz C, Weichert W, Zuchtriegel G, Reichel CA. Vitronectin promotes immunothrombotic dysregulation in the venular microvasculature. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1078005. [PMID: 36845099 PMCID: PMC9945350 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1078005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Microvascular immunothrombotic dysregulation is a critical process in the pathogenesis of severe systemic inflammatory diseases. The mechanisms controlling immunothrombosis in inflamed microvessels, however, remain poorly understood. Here, we report that under systemic inflammatory conditions the matricellular glycoproteinvitronectin (VN) establishes an intravascular scaffold, supporting interactions of aggregating platelets with immune cells and the venular endothelium. Blockade of the VN receptor glycoprotein (GP)IIb/IIIa interfered with this multicellular interplay and effectively prevented microvascular clot formation. In line with these experimental data, particularly VN was found to be enriched in the pulmonary microvasculature of patients with non-infectious (pancreatitis-associated) or infectious (coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated) severe systemic inflammatory responses. Targeting the VN-GPIIb/IIIa axis hence appears as a promising, already feasible strategy to counteract microvascular immunothrombotic dysregulation in systemic inflammatory pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Uhl
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Munich, Germany,Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany,*Correspondence: Bernd Uhl,
| | - Florian Haring
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Munich, Germany,Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Joshua Luft
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Munich, Germany,Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Vera Schneewind
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Munich, Germany,Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jonas Hildinger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Munich, Germany,Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Zhengquan Wu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Munich, Germany,Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Katja Steiger
- Department of Pathology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Bojan Smiljanov
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Munich, Germany,Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Aarif M. N. Batcha
- Institute of Medical Data Processing, Biometrics, and Epidemiology (IBE), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany,Data Integration for Future Medicine (DiFuture), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver T. Keppler
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site München, Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes C. Hellmuth
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Munich, Munich, Germany,COVID-19 Registry of the LMU Munich (CORKUM), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Lahmer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Konrad Stock
- Department of Nephrology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard G. Weiss
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Canis
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Konstantin Stark
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Bromberger
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Moser
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Schulz
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Wilko Weichert
- Department of Pathology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Gabriele Zuchtriegel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Munich, Germany,Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph A. Reichel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Munich, Germany,Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
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Sordillo PP, Allaire A, Bouchard A, Salvail D, Labbe SM. The complex lipid, SPPCT-800, reduces lung damage, improves pulmonary function and decreases pro-inflammatory cytokines in the murine LPS-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) model. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:1255-1263. [PMID: 35786152 PMCID: PMC9255205 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2087689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a highly fatal, inflammatory condition of lungs with multiple causes. There is no adequate treatment. OBJECTIVE Using the murine LPS-induced ARDS model, we investigate SPPCT-800 (a complex lipid) as treatment for ARDS. MATERIALS AND METHODS C57B16/N mice received 50 μg of Escherichia coli O111:B4 lipopolysaccharide (LPS). SPPCT-800 was given as either: (1) 20 or 200 mg/kg dose 3 h after LPS; (2) 200 mg/kg (prophylactically) 30 min before LPS; or (3) eight 200 mg/kg treatments over 72 h. Controls received saline installations. RESULTS At 48 and 72 h, SpO2 was 94% and 90% in controls compared to 97% and 94% in treated animals. Expiration times, at 24 and 48 h, were 160 and 137 msec for controls, but 139 and 107 msec with SPPCT-800. In BALF (24 h), cell counts were 4.7 × 106 (controls) and 2.9 × 106 (treated); protein levels were 1.5 mg (controls) and 0.4 mg (treated); and IL-6 was 942 ± 194 pg/mL (controls) versus 850 ± 212 pg/mL (treated) [at 72 h, 4664 ± 2591 pg/mL (controls) versus 276 ± 151 pg/mL (treated)]. Weight losses, at 48 and 72 h, were 20% and 18% (controls), but 14% and 8% (treated). Lung injury scores, at 24 and 72 h, were 1.4 and 3.0 (controls) and 0.3 and 2.2 (treated). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS SPPCT-800 was effective in reducing manifestations of ARDS. SPPCT-800 should be further investigated as therapy for ARDS, especially in longer duration or higher cumulative dose studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dan Salvail
- IPS Therapeutique, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
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Absence of CCR2 Promotes Proliferation of Alveolar Macrophages That Control Lung Inflammation in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232112920. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) consists of uncontrolled inflammation that causes hypoxemia and reduced lung compliance. Since it is a complex process, not all details have been elucidated yet. In a well-controlled experimental murine model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ARDS, the activity and viability of macrophages and neutrophils dictate the beginning and end phases of lung inflammation. C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2) is a critical chemokine receptor that mediates monocyte/macrophage activation and recruitment to the tissues. Here, we used CCR2-deficient mice to explore mechanisms that control lung inflammation in LPS-induced ARDS. CCR2−/− mice presented higher total numbers of pulmonary leukocytes at the peak of inflammation as compared to CCR2+/+ mice, mainly by enhanced influx of neutrophils, whereas we observed two to six-fold lower monocyte or interstitial macrophage numbers in the CCR2−/−. Nevertheless, the time needed to control the inflammation was comparable between CCR2+/+ and CCR2−/−. Interestingly, CCR2−/− mice presented higher numbers and increased proliferative rates of alveolar macrophages from day 3, with a more pronounced M2 profile, associated with transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and C-C chemokine ligand (CCL)22 production, decreased inducible nitric oxide synthase (Nos2), interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-12b mRNA expression and increased mannose receptor type 1 (Mrc1) mRNA and CD206 protein expression. Depletion of alveolar macrophages significantly delayed recovery from the inflammatory insult. Thus, our work shows that the lower number of infiltrating monocytes in CCR2−/− is partially compensated by increased proliferation of resident alveolar macrophages during the inflammation control of experimental ARDS.
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Antwi S, Oduro-Mensah D, Obiri DD, Osafo N, Antwi AO, Ansah HO, Ocloo A, Okine LKNA. Hydro-ethanol extract of Holarrhena floribunda stem bark exhibits anti-anaphylactic and anti-oedematogenic effects in murine models of acute inflammation. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:80. [PMID: 35305615 PMCID: PMC8934059 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03565-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Holarrhena floribunda (G.Don) T.Durand & Schinz stem bark has anecdotal use in Ghanaian folk medicine for the management of inflammatory conditions. This study was conducted to investigate the in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of the bark extract using models of acute inflammation in male Sprague Dawley rats, C57BL/6 mice and ICR mice. Methods A 70% hydro-ethanol extract of the stem bark (HFE) was evaluated at doses of 5–500 mg/kg bw. Local anaphylaxis was modelled by the pinnal cutaneous anaphylactic test. Systemic anaphylaxis or sepsis were modeled by compound 48/80 or lipopolysaccharide, respectively. Clonidine-induced catalepsy was used to investigate the effect on histamine signaling. Anti-oedematogenic effect was assessed by induction with carrageenan. Effects on mediators of biphasic acute inflammation were studied using histamine and serotonin (early phase) or prostaglandin E2 (late phase). Results HFE demonstrated anti-inflammatory and/or anti-oedematogenic activity comparable to standard doses of aspirin and diclofenac (inhibitors of cyclooxygenases-1 and -2), chlorpheniramine (histamine H1-receptor antagonist), dexamethasone (glucocorticoid receptor agonist), granisetron (serotonin receptor antagonist) and sodium cromoglycate (inhibitor of mast cell degranulation). All observed HFE bioactivities increased with dose. Conclusions The data provide evidence that the extract of H. floribunda stem bark has anti-anaphylactic and anti-oedematogenic effects; by interfering with signalling or metabolism of histamine, serotonin and prostaglandin E2 which mediate the progression of inflammation. The anti-inflammatory and antihistaminic activities of HFE may be relevant in the context of the management of COVID-19.
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Medina G, Nosworthy MG, Petkau JC, Blewett H, Li S, House JD. Alteration of the dietary methionine:cysteine ratio modulates the inflammatory response to an inter-peritoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide in Wistar rats. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 102:108937. [PMID: 35017004 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.108937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Sulphur amino acids (SAA) are essential for multiple physiological/metabolic processes, with the ratio of dietary methionine:cysteine (Met:Cys) being an important contributor to pro-inflammatory responses, including TNF-α activity. The current study was designed to determine the effect an altered dietary SAA ratio, and the resulting reliance on the transsulfuration pathway to supply Cys, will have on the inflammatory response. In the present study, 100 µg/kg of an intraperitoneal (IP) injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used as a model for systemic inflammation. Male Wistar rats were randomized to one of two amino acid-defined diets, (100Met:0Cys or 50Met:50Cys) and subdivided to receive either IP LPS or saline injections. LPS significantly increased total plasma Cys, homocysteine (Hcy) and glutathione (GSH) 240 min post-IP injection in rats fed a 50Met:50Cys ratio compared to other treatments. The TNF-α area under the curve for LPS-treated rats consuming a dietary 50Met:50Cys ratio was significantly higher (p< 0.004) compared to those consuming a dietary 100Met:0Cys ratio. A significant increase in the percentage of leukocytes that were neutrophils was observed in rats injected with LPS when compared to saline with no effect of diet. These results demonstrate that an alteration of the dietary Met:Cys ratio did not attenuate the inflammatory response to an IP injection of LPS in Wistar rats; however, a diet with a balanced Met:Cys ratio increased concentrations of Cys and GSH which may result in a more rapid response to an LPS challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Medina
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada.
| | - Matthew G Nosworthy
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada.
| | - Jay C Petkau
- Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden, MB, Canada; Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, R2H 2A6, Canada.
| | - Heather Blewett
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada; Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden, MB, Canada; Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, R2H 2A6, Canada.
| | - Shengnan Li
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada, R3T 2N2.
| | - James D House
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada; Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, R2H 2A6, Canada; Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals; Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada, R3T 2N2.
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Acute Inflammation Confers Enhanced Protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection in Mice. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0001621. [PMID: 34232086 PMCID: PMC8552513 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00016-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation plays a crucial role in the control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. In this study, we demonstrate that an inflammatory pulmonary environment at the time of infection mediated by lipopolysaccharide treatment in mice confers enhanced protection against M. tuberculosis for up to 6 months postinfection. This early and transient inflammatory environment was associated with a neutrophil and CD11b+ cell influx and increased inflammatory cytokines. In vitro infection demonstrated that neutrophils from lipopolysaccharide-treated mice exhibited increased association with M. tuberculosis and had a greater innate capacity for killing M. tuberculosis. Finally, partial depletion of neutrophils in lipopolysaccharide-treated mice showed an increase in M. tuberculosis burden, suggesting neutrophils played a part in the protection observed in lipopolysaccharide-treated mice. These results indicate a positive role for an inflammatory environment in the initial stages of M. tuberculosis infection and suggest that acute inflammation at the time of M. tuberculosis infection can positively alter disease outcome. IMPORTANCE Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis disease, is estimated to infect one-fourth of the world's population and is one of the leading causes of death due to an infectious disease worldwide. The high-level variability in tuberculosis disease responses in the human populace may be linked to immune processes related to inflammation. In many cases, inflammation appears to exasperate tuberculosis responses; however, some evidence suggests inflammatory processes improve control of M. tuberculosis infection. Here, we show an acute inflammatory stimulus in mice provides protection against M. tuberculosis for up to 6 months, suggesting acute inflammation can positively affect M. tuberculosis infection outcome.
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11
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Rojas-Colón LA, Dash PK, Morales-Vías FA, Lebrón-Dávila M, Ferchmin PA, Redell JB, Maldonado-Martínez G, Vélez-Torres WI. 4R-cembranoid confers neuroprotection against LPS-induced hippocampal inflammation in mice. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:95. [PMID: 33874954 PMCID: PMC8054431 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02136-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic brain inflammation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative diseases and disorders. For example, overexpression of pro-inflammatory cytokines has been associated with impairments in hippocampal-dependent memory. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection is a widely used model to explore the pathobiology of inflammation. LPS injection into mice causes systemic inflammation, neuronal damage, and poor memory outcomes if the inflammation is not controlled. Activation of the alpha-7 nicotinic receptor (α7) plays an anti-inflammatory role in the brain through vagal efferent nerve signaling. 4R-cembranoid (4R) is a natural compound that crosses the blood-brain barrier, induces neuronal survival, and has been shown to modulate the activity of nicotinic receptors. The purpose of this study is to determine whether 4R reduces the deleterious effects of LPS-induced neuroinflammation and whether the α7 receptor plays a role in mediating these beneficial effects. METHODS Ex vivo population spike recordings were performed in C57BL/6J wild-type (WT) and alpha-7-knockout (α7KO) mouse hippocampal slices in the presence of 4R and nicotinic receptor inhibitors. For in vivo studies, WT and α7KO mice were injected with LPS for 2 h, followed by 4R or vehicle for 22 h. Analyses of IL-1β, TNF-α, STAT3, CREB, Akt1, and the long-term novel object recognition test (NORT) were performed for both genotypes. In addition, RNA sequencing and RT-qPCR analyses were carried out for 12 mRNAs related to neuroinflammation and their modification by 4R. RESULTS 4R confers neuroprotection after NMDA-induced neurotoxicity in both WT and α7KO mice. Moreover, hippocampal TNF-α and IL-1β levels were decreased with 4R treatment following LPS exposure in both strains of mice. 4R restored LPS-induced cognitive decline in NORT. There was a significant increase in the phosphorylation of STAT3, CREB, and Akt1 with 4R treatment in the WT mouse hippocampus following LPS exposure. In α7KO mice, only pAkt levels were significantly elevated in the cortex. 4R significantly upregulated mRNA levels of ORM2, GDNF, and C3 following LPS exposure. These proteins are known to play a role in modulating microglial activation, neuronal survival, and memory. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that 4R decreases the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines; improves memory function; activates STAT3, Akt1, and CREB phosphorylation; and upregulates the mRNA levels of ORM2, GDNF, and C3. These effects are independent of the α7 nicotinic receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Rojas-Colón
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Central del Caribe School of Medicine, Av. Sta. Juanita, Bayamón, 00960, Puerto Rico
| | - Pramod K Dash
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Fabiola A Morales-Vías
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Central del Caribe School of Medicine, Av. Sta. Juanita, Bayamón, 00960, Puerto Rico
| | - Madeline Lebrón-Dávila
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Central del Caribe School of Medicine, Av. Sta. Juanita, Bayamón, 00960, Puerto Rico
| | - Pedro A Ferchmin
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Central del Caribe School of Medicine, Av. Sta. Juanita, Bayamón, 00960, Puerto Rico
| | - John B Redell
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Geronimo Maldonado-Martínez
- University of Puerto Rico Molecular Science Research Center, Av. Juan Ponce de León, San Juan, 00926, Puerto Rico
| | - Wanda I Vélez-Torres
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Central del Caribe School of Medicine, Av. Sta. Juanita, Bayamón, 00960, Puerto Rico.
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12
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Modular complement assemblies for mitigating inflammatory conditions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2018627118. [PMID: 33876753 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2018627118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Complement protein C3dg, a key linkage between innate and adaptive immunity, is capable of stimulating both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses, leading to considerable interest in its use as a molecular adjuvant. However, the potential of C3dg as an adjuvant is limited without ways of controllably assembling multiple copies of it into vaccine platforms. Here, we report a strategy to assemble C3dg into supramolecular nanofibers with excellent compositional control, using β-tail fusion tags. These assemblies were investigated as therapeutic active immunotherapies, which may offer advantages over existing biologics, particularly toward chronic inflammatory diseases. Supramolecular assemblies based on the Q11 peptide system containing β-tail-tagged C3dg, B cell epitopes from TNF, and the universal T cell epitope PADRE raised strong antibody responses against both TNF and C3dg, and prophylactic immunization with these materials significantly improved protection in a lethal TNF-mediated inflammation model. Additionally, in a murine model of psoriasis induced by imiquimod, the C3dg-adjuvanted nanofiber vaccine performed as well as anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies. Nanofibers containing only β-tail-C3dg and lacking the TNF B cell epitope also showed improvements in both models, suggesting that supramolecular C3dg, by itself, played an important therapeutic role. We observed that immunization with β-tail-C3dg caused the expansion of an autoreactive C3dg-specific T cell population, which may act to dampen the immune response, preventing excessive inflammation. These findings indicate that molecular assemblies displaying C3dg warrant further development as active immunotherapies.
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Targeting SHP2 as a therapeutic strategy for inflammatory diseases. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 214:113264. [PMID: 33582386 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
With the change of lifestyle and the acceleration of aging process, inflammatory diseases have increasingly become one of the most vital threats to global human health. SHP2 protein is a non-receptor tyrosine phosphatase encoded by PTPN11 gene, and it is widely expressed in various tissues and cells. Numerous studies have shown that SHP2 plays important roles in the regulation of inflammatory diseases, including cancer-related inflammation, neurodegenerative diseases and metabolic diseases. In this paper, the roles of SHP2 in inflammatory diseases of various physiological systems were reviewed. At the same time, the latest SHP2 inhibitors were summarized, which will hold a promise for the therapeutic potential in future.
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Cui TX, Brady AE, Fulton CT, Zhang YJ, Rosenbloom LM, Goldsmith AM, Moore BB, Popova AP. CCR2 Mediates Chronic LPS-Induced Pulmonary Inflammation and Hypoalveolarization in a Murine Model of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia. Front Immunol 2020; 11:579628. [PMID: 33117383 PMCID: PMC7573800 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.579628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The histopathology of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) includes hypoalveolarization and interstitial thickening due to abnormal myofibroblast accumulation. Chorioamnionitis and sepsis are major risk factors for BPD development. The cellular mechanisms leading to these lung structural abnormalities are poorly understood. We used an animal model with repeated lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration into the airways of immature mice to simulate prolonged airway exposure to gram-negative bacteria, focusing on the role of C-C chemokine receptor type 2-positive (CCR2+) exudative macrophages (ExMf). Repetitive LPS exposure of immature mice induced persistent hypoalveolarization observed at 4 and 18 days after the last LPS administration. LPS upregulated the expression of lung pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-17a, IL-6, IL-1β) and chemokines (CCL2, CCL7, CXCL1, and CXCL2), while the expression of genes involved in lung alveolar and mesenchymal cell development (PDGFR-α, FGF7, FGF10, and SPRY1) was decreased. LPS induced recruitment of ExMf, including CCR2+ ExMf, as well as other myeloid cells like DCs and neutrophils. Lungs of LPS-exposed CCR2−/− mice showed preserved alveolar structure and normal patterns of α-actin and PDGFRα expression at the tips of the secondary alveolar crests. Compared to wild type mice, a significantly lower number of ExMf, including TNF-α+ ExMf were recruited to the lungs of CCR2−/− mice following repetitive LPS exposure. Further, pharmacological inhibition of TLR4 with TAK-242 also blocked the effect of LPS on alveolarization, α-SMA and PDGFRα expression. TNF-α and IL-17a induced α-smooth muscle actin expression in the distal airspaces of E16 fetal mouse lung explants. In human preterm lung mesenchymal stromal cells, TNF-α reduced mRNA and protein expression of PDGFR-α and decreased mRNA expression of WNT2, FOXF2, and SPRY1. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that in immature mice repetitive LPS exposure, through TLR4 signaling increases lung inflammation and impairs lung alveolar growth in a CCR2-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy X Cui
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Alexander E Brady
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Christina T Fulton
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Ying-Jian Zhang
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Liza M Rosenbloom
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Adam M Goldsmith
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Bethany B Moore
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Antonia P Popova
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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Weinhage T, Wirth T, Schütz P, Becker P, Lueken A, Skryabin BV, Wittkowski H, Foell D. The Receptor for Advanced Glycation Endproducts (RAGE) Contributes to Severe Inflammatory Liver Injury in Mice. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1157. [PMID: 32670276 PMCID: PMC7326105 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is a multiligand receptor involved in a number of processes and disorders. While it is known that RAGE-signaling can contribute to toxic liver damage and fibrosis, its role in acute inflammatory liver injury and septic multiorgan failure is yet undefined. We examined RAGE in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced acute liver injury of D-galN sensitized mice as a classical model for tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) dependent inflammatory organ damage. Methods: Mice (Rage–/– and C57BL/6) were intraperitoneally injected with D-galN (300 mg/kg) and LPS (10 μg/kg). Animals were monitored clinically, and cytokines, damage associated molecular pattern molecules (DAMPs) as well as liver enzymes were determined in serum. Liver histology, hepatic cytokines as well as RAGE mRNA expression were analyzed. Cellular activation and functionality were evaluated by flow cytometry both in bone marrow- and liver-derived cells. Results: Genetic deficiency of RAGE significantly reduced the mortality of mice exposed to LPS/D-galN. Hepatocyte damage markers were reduced in Rage–/– mice, and liver histopathology was less severe. Rage–/– mice produced less pro-inflammatory cytokines and DAMPs in serum and liver. While immune cell functions appeared normal, TNF-α production by hepatocytes was reduced in Rage–/– mice. Conclusions: We found that RAGE deletion attenuated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and DAMPs in hepatocytes without affecting cellular immune functions in the LPS/D-galN model of murine liver injury. Our data highlight the importance of tissue-specific RAGE-signaling also in acute inflammatory liver stress contributing to sepsis and multiorgan failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni Weinhage
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Timo Wirth
- Department of Neurology With Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Paula Schütz
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Philipp Becker
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Aloys Lueken
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Boris V Skryabin
- Core Facility of Transgenic Animal and Genetic Engineering Models (TRAM), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Helmut Wittkowski
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Dirk Foell
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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Wan WL, Tian B, Lin YJ, Korupalli C, Lu MY, Cui Q, Wan D, Chang Y, Sung HW. Photosynthesis-inspired H 2 generation using a chlorophyll-loaded liposomal nanoplatform to detect and scavenge excess ROS. Nat Commun 2020; 11:534. [PMID: 31988280 PMCID: PMC6985250 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14413-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A disturbance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis may cause the pathogenesis of many diseases. Inspired by natural photosynthesis, this work proposes a photo-driven H2-evolving liposomal nanoplatform (Lip NP) that comprises an upconversion nanoparticle (UCNP) that is conjugated with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) via a ROS-responsive linker, which is encapsulated inside the liposomal system in which the lipid bilayer embeds chlorophyll a (Chla). The UCNP functions as a transducer, converting NIR light into upconversion luminescence for simultaneous imaging and therapy in situ. Functioning as light-harvesting antennas, AuNPs are used to detect the local concentration of ROS for FRET biosensing, while the Chla activates the photosynthesis of H2 gas to scavenge local excess ROS. The results thus obtained indicate the potential of using the Lip NPs in the analysis of biological tissues, restoring their ROS homeostasis, possibly preventing the initiation and progression of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lin Wan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Bo Tian
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Jung Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chiranjeevi Korupalli
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ming-Yen Lu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Qinghua Cui
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Dehui Wan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yen Chang
- Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation and School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Hsing-Wen Sung
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC.
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Baker SK, Chen ZL, Norris EH, Strickland S. Plasminogen mediates communication between the peripheral and central immune systems during systemic immune challenge with lipopolysaccharide. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:172. [PMID: 31462325 PMCID: PMC6712655 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1560-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic inflammation has been implicated in the progression of many neurodegenerative diseases and may be an important driver of the disease. Dementia and cognitive decline progress more rapidly following acute systemic infection, and systemic inflammation midlife is predictive of the degree of cognitive decline. Plasmin, the active form of the serine protease plasminogen (PLG), is a blood protein that plays physiological roles in fibrinolysis, wound healing, cell signaling, extracellular matrix degradation, and inflammatory regulation. METHODS Mice were treated with an antisense oligonucleotide to deplete liver-produced PLG prior to systemic challenge with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a major component of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria, known to induce a strong immune response in animals. Following treatment, the innate immune response in the brains of these animals was examined. RESULTS Mice that were PLG-deficient had dramatically reduced microgliosis and astrogliosis in their brains after LPS injection. We found that blood PLG regulates the brain's innate immune response to systemic inflammatory signaling, affecting the migration of perivascular macrophages into the brain after challenge with LPS. CONCLUSIONS Depletion of plasma PLG with an antisense oligonucleotide dramatically reduced glial cell activation and perivascular macrophage migration into the brain following LPS injection. This study suggests a critical role for PLG in mediating communication between systemic inflammatory mediators and the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K Baker
- Patricia and John Rosenwald Laboratory of Neurobiology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Zu-Lin Chen
- Patricia and John Rosenwald Laboratory of Neurobiology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Erin H Norris
- Patricia and John Rosenwald Laboratory of Neurobiology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Sidney Strickland
- Patricia and John Rosenwald Laboratory of Neurobiology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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Chronic Kidney Disease Increases Cerebral Microbleeds in Mouse and Man. Transl Stroke Res 2019; 11:122-134. [PMID: 31055735 PMCID: PMC6957561 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-019-00698-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Brain microbleeds are increased in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and their presence increases risk of cognitive decline and stroke. We examined the interaction between CKD and brain microhemorrhages (the neuropathological substrate of microbleeds) in mouse and cell culture models and studied progression of microbleed burden on serial brain imaging from humans. Mouse studies: Two CKD models were investigated: adenine-induced tubulointerstitial nephritis and surgical 5/6 nephrectomy. Cell culture studies: bEnd.3 mouse brain endothelial cells were grown to confluence, and monolayer integrity was measured after exposure to 5–15% human uremic serum or increasing concentrations of urea. Human studies: Progression of brain microbleeds was evaluated on serial MRI from control, pre-dialysis CKD, and dialysis patients. Microhemorrhages were increased 2–2.5-fold in mice with CKD independent of higher blood pressure in the 5/6 nephrectomy model. IgG staining was increased in CKD animals, consistent with increased blood–brain barrier permeability. Incubation of bEnd.3 cells with uremic serum or elevated urea produced a dose-dependent drop in trans-endothelial electrical resistance. Elevated urea induced actin cytoskeleton derangements and decreased claudin-5 expression. In human subjects, prevalence of microbleeds was 50% in both CKD cohorts compared with 10% in age-matched controls. More patients in the dialysis cohort had increased microbleeds on follow-up MRI after 1.5 years. CKD disrupts the blood–brain barrier and increases brain microhemorrhages in mice and microbleeds in humans. Elevated urea alters the actin cytoskeleton and tight junction proteins in cultured endothelial cells, suggesting that these mechanisms explain (at least in part) the microhemorrhages and microbleeds observed in the animal and human studies.
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miR-155 Predicts Long-Term Mortality in Critically Ill Patients Younger than 65 Years. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:6714080. [PMID: 30918471 PMCID: PMC6409014 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6714080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Alterations in miR-155 serum levels have been described in inflammatory and infectious diseases. Moreover, a role for miR-155 in aging and age-related diseases was recently suggested. We therefore analyzed a potential age-dependent prognostic value of circulating miR-155 as a serum-based marker in critical illness. Methods Concentrations of circulating miR-155 were determined in 218 critically ill patients and 76 healthy controls. Results By using qPCR, we demonstrate that miR-155 serum levels are elevated in patients with critical illness when compared to controls. Notably, levels of circulating miR-155 were independent on the severity of disease, the disease etiology, or the presence of sepsis. In the total cohort, miR-155 was not an indicator for patient survival. Intriguingly, when patients were subdivided according to their age upon admission to the ICU into those younger than 65 years, lower levels of miR-155 turned out as a strong marker, indicating patient mortality with a similar accuracy than other markers frequently used to evaluate critically ill patients on a medical ICU. Conclusion In summary, the data provided within this study suggest an age-specific role of miR-155 as a prognostic biomarker in patients younger than 65 years. Our study is the first to describe an age-dependent miRNA-based prognostic biomarker in human diseases.
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Zaman F, Zhao Y, Celvin B, Mehta HH, Wan J, Chrysis D, Ohlsson C, Fadeel B, Cohen P, Sävendahl L. Humanin is a novel regulator of Hedgehog signaling and prevents glucocorticoid-induced bone growth impairment. FASEB J 2019; 33:4962-4974. [PMID: 30657335 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801741r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are frequently used to treat chronic disorders in children, including inflammation and cancer. Prolonged treatment with GCs is well known to impair bone growth, an effect linked to increased apoptosis and suppressed proliferation in growth plate chondrocytes. We hypothesized that the endogenous antiapoptotic protein humanin (HN) may prevent these effects. Interestingly, GC-induced bone growth impairment and chondrocyte apoptosis was prevented in HN overexpressing mice, HN-treated wild-type mice, and in HN-treated cultured rat metatarsal bones. GC-induced suppression of chondrocyte proliferation was also prevented by HN. Furthermore, GC treatment reduced Indian Hedgehog expression in growth plates of wild-type mice but not in HN overexpressing mice or HN-treated wild-type animals. A Hedgehog (Hh) antagonist, vismodegib, was found to suppress the growth of cultured rat metatarsal bones, and this effect was also prevented by HN. Importantly, HN did not interfere with the desired anti-inflammatory effects of GCs. We conclude that HN is a novel regulator of Hh signaling preventing GC-induced bone growth impairment without interfering with desired effects of GCs. Our data may open for clinical studies exploring a new possible strategy to prevent GC-induced bone growth impairment by cotreating with HN.-Zaman, F., Zhao, Y., Celvin, B., Mehta, H. H., Wan, J., Chrysis, D., Ohlsson, C., Fadeel, B., Cohen, P., Sävendahl, L. Humanin is a novel regulator of Hedgehog signaling and prevents glucocorticoid-induced bone growth impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farasat Zaman
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet and Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Yunhan Zhao
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet and Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Bettina Celvin
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet and Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Hemal H Mehta
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Junxiang Wan
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Dionisios Chrysis
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; and
| | - Bengt Fadeel
- Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pinchas Cohen
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lars Sävendahl
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet and Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
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Ahmed SF, Shabayek MI, Abdel Ghany ME, El-Hefnawy MH, El-Mesallamy HO. Role of CTRP3, CTRP9 and MCP-1 for the evaluation of T2DM associated coronary artery disease in Egyptian postmenopausal females. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208038. [PMID: 30557342 PMCID: PMC6296499 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
C1q complement/tumor necrosis factor (TNF)—related protein (CTRP) family comprises of 15 proteins that posses important implications in energy homeostasis, infection and inflammation. However, their roles in diabetes mellitus (DM) and its vascular complications have not been completely assessed. This works aims to study the association of two CTRPs; 3 and 9, with pro-inflammatory cytokine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and biochemical parameters of type 2 diabetes (T2D), dyslipidemia and coronary artery disease (CAD).Methods: Biochemical markers and serum levels of CTRPs and MCP-1 were measured in 86 postmenopausal females. Subjects were divided over four groups; 13 apparent healthy subjects as control (group I), 29 patients with CAD (group II), 29 patients with T2D ≥5 years (group III) and 15 patients with CAD secondary to T2D (group IV). Serum CTRP3, CTRP9, MCP-1 and insulin were measured by ELISA.Results: Serum CTRP3 levels were found to be significantly higher in group III and IV, whereas, it was significantly lower in group II on comparing to group I. While, CTRP9 levels were significantly decreased in group II, III and IV on comparing to group I. MCP-1 levels were found to be significantly increased in groups II, III and IV on comparison with group I. Both CTRPs were significantly negatively correlated with each other. While MCP-1 was significantly correlated negatively to CTRP9.Conclusion: This study associates the possible role of CTRP3, CTRP9 and MCP-1/CCL2 in the diagnosis/prognosis of CAD complication in T2D postmenopausal females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara F. Ahmed
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Industries, Future University in Egypt, 5th settlement, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa I. Shabayek
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Industries, Future University in Egypt, 5th settlement, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mostafa E. Abdel Ghany
- Cardiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Nasr city, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Hala O. El-Mesallamy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, African Union Authority St. Abassia, Cairo, Egypt
- * E-mail:
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Boyanapalli SSS, Huang Y, Su Z, Cheng D, Zhang C, Guo Y, Rao R, Androulakis IP, Kong AN. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Curcumin in regulating anti-inflammatory and epigenetic gene expression. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2018; 39:289-297. [PMID: 29870054 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.2136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a key driver of cancer development. Nitrite levels, which are regulated by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), play a critical role in inflammation. While the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin, a natural product present in the roots of Curcuma longa have been studied widely, the acute pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of curcumin in suppressing pro-inflammatory markers and epigenetic modulators remain unclear. This study evaluated the PK and PD of curcumin-induced suppression of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated inflammation in rat lymphocytes. LPS was administered intravenously either alone or with curcumin to female Sprague-Dawley rats. Plasma samples were analysed for curcumin concentration and mRNA expression was quantified in lymphocytes. The relative gene expression of several inflammatory and epigenetic modulators was analysed. To investigate the relationship between curcumin concentration and iNOS, TNF-α, and IL-6 gene expression, PK/PD modeling using Jusko's indirect response model (IDR) integrating transit compartments (TC) describing the delayed response was conducted. The concentration-time profile of curcumin exhibited a bi-exponential decline, which was well described by a two-compartmental pharmacokinetic model. Importantly the results demonstrate that LPS induced gene expression of pro-inflammatory markers in lymphocytes, with peak expression at approximately 3 h and curcumin suppressed the gene expression in animals administered with LPS. These effects were well captured using the IDR model and an IDR model with the transit compartments. In summary, the PK/PD modeling approach could potentially provide a robust quantitative framework for evaluating the acute anti-inflammatory and epigenetic effects of curcumin in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarandeep S S Boyanapalli
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Zhengyuan Su
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - David Cheng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Chengyue Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Yue Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Rohit Rao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Ioannis P Androulakis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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Rajendrakumar SK, Revuri V, Samidurai M, Mohapatra A, Lee JH, Ganesan P, Jo J, Lee YK, Park IK. Peroxidase-Mimicking Nanoassembly Mitigates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Endotoxemia and Cognitive Damage in the Brain by Impeding Inflammatory Signaling in Macrophages. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:6417-6426. [PMID: 30247915 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b02785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress during sepsis pathogenesis remains the most-important factor creating imbalance and dysregulation in immune-cell function, usually observed following initial infection. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a potentially toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS), is excessively produced by pro-inflammatory immune cells during the initial phases of sepsis and plays a dominant role in regulating the pathways associated with systemic inflammatory immune activation. In the present study, we constructed a peroxide scavenger mannosylated polymeric albumin manganese dioxide (mSPAM) nanoassembly to catalyze the decomposition of H2O2 responsible for the hyper-activation of pro-inflammatory immune cells. In a detailed manner, we investigated the role of mSPAM nanoassembly in modulating the expression and secretion of pro-inflammatory markers elevated in bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated endotoxemia during sepsis. Through a facile one-step solution-phase approach, hydrophilic bovine serum albumin reduced manganese dioxide (BM) nanoparticles were synthesized and subsequently self-assembled with cationic mannosylated disulfide cross-linked polyethylenimine (mSP) to formulate mSPAM nanoassembly. In particular, we observed that the highly stable mSPAM nanoassembly suppressed HIF1α expression by scavenging H2O2 in LPS-induced macrophage cells. Initial investigation revealed that a significant reduction of free radicals by the treatment of mSPAM nanoassembly has reduced the infiltration of neutrophils and other leukocytes in a local endotoxemia animal model. Furthermore, therapeutic studies in a systemic endotoxemia model demonstrated that mSPAM treatment reduced TNF-α and IL-6 inflammatory cytokines in serum, in turn circumventing organ damage done by the inflammatory macrophages. Interestingly, we also observed that the reduction of these inflammatory cytokines by mSPAM nanoassembly further prevented IBA-1 immuno-positive microglial cell activation in the brain and consequently improved the cognitive function of the animals. Altogether, the administration of mSPAM nanoassembly scavenged H2O2 and suppressed HIF1α expression in LPS-stimulated macrophages and thereby inhibited the progression of local and systemic inflammation as well as neuroinflammation in an LPS-induced endotoxemia model. This mSPAM nanoassembly system could serve as a potent anti-inflammatory agent, and we further anticipate its successful application in treating various inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santhosh Kalash Rajendrakumar
- Department of Biomedical Science and BK21 PLUS Center for Creative Biomedical Scientists at Chonnam National University , Chonnam National University Medical School , Gwangju 61469 , Republic of Korea
| | - Vishnu Revuri
- Department of Green Bioengineering , Korea National University of Transportation , Chungju 27469 , Republic of Korea
| | - Manikandan Samidurai
- Department of Biomedical Science and BK21 PLUS Center for Creative Biomedical Scientists at Chonnam National University , Chonnam National University Medical School , Gwangju 61469 , Republic of Korea
- NeuroMedical Convergence Lab, Biomedical Research Institute , Chonnam National University Hospital , Jebong-ro, Gwangju 501-757 , Republic of Korea
| | - Adityanarayan Mohapatra
- Department of Biomedical Science and BK21 PLUS Center for Creative Biomedical Scientists at Chonnam National University , Chonnam National University Medical School , Gwangju 61469 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyuk Lee
- Department of Pathology , Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School , Hwasun 58128 , Republic of Korea
| | - Palanivel Ganesan
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Department of Biotechnology and Applied Life Science, College of Biomedical and Health Science , Konkuk University GLOCAL Campus , Chungju 380-701 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jihoon Jo
- NeuroMedical Convergence Lab, Biomedical Research Institute , Chonnam National University Hospital , Jebong-ro, Gwangju 501-757 , Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Kyu Lee
- Department of Green Bioengineering , Korea National University of Transportation , Chungju 27469 , Republic of Korea
| | - In-Kyu Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and BK21 PLUS Center for Creative Biomedical Scientists at Chonnam National University , Chonnam National University Medical School , Gwangju 61469 , Republic of Korea
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25
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Jiang M, Taghizadeh F, Steyger PS. Potential Mechanisms Underlying Inflammation-Enhanced Aminoglycoside-Induced Cochleotoxicity. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:362. [PMID: 29209174 PMCID: PMC5702304 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aminoglycoside antibiotics remain widely used for urgent clinical treatment of life-threatening infections, despite the well-recognized risk of permanent hearing loss, i.e., cochleotoxicity. Recent studies show that aminoglycoside-induced cochleotoxicity is exacerbated by bacteriogenic-induced inflammation. This implies that those with severe bacterial infections (that induce systemic inflammation), and are treated with bactericidal aminoglycosides are at greater risk of drug-induced hearing loss than previously recognized. Incorporating this novel comorbid factor into cochleotoxicity risk prediction models will better predict which individuals are more predisposed to drug-induced hearing loss. Here, we review the cellular and/or signaling mechanisms by which host-mediated inflammatory responses to infection could enhance the trafficking of systemically administered aminoglycosides into the cochlea to enhance the degree of cochleotoxicity over that in healthy preclinical models. Once verified, these mechanisms will be potential targets for novel pharmacotherapeutics that reduce the risk of drug-induced hearing loss (and acute kidney damage) without compromising the life-saving bactericidal efficacy of aminoglycosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyan Jiang
- Oregon Hearing Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Farshid Taghizadeh
- Oregon Hearing Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Peter S Steyger
- Oregon Hearing Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States.,National Center for Rehabilitative Auditory Research, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, United States
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26
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El-Awady MS, Nader MA, Sharawy MH. The inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase and oxidative stress by agmatine attenuates vascular dysfunction in rat acute endotoxemic model. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 55:74-80. [PMID: 28837867 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Vascular dysfunction leading to hypotension is a major complication in patients with septic shock. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) together with oxidative stress play an important role in development of vascular dysfunction in sepsis. Searching for an endogenous, safe and yet effective remedy was the chief goal for this study. The current study investigated the effect of agmatine (AGM), an endogenous metabolite of l-arginine, on sepsis-induced vascular dysfunction induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in rats. AGM pretreatment (10mg/kg, i.v.) 1h before LPS (5mg/kg, i.v.) prevented the LPS-induced mortality and elevations in serum creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme (CK-MB) activity, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, C-reactive protein (CRP) level and total nitrite/nitrate (NOx) level after 24h from LPS injection. The elevation in aortic lipid peroxidation illustrated by increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content and the decrease in aortic glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were also ameliorated by AGM. Additionally, AGM prevented LPS-induced elevation in mRNA expression of iNOS, while endothelial NOS (eNOS) mRNA was not affected. Furthermore AGM prevented the impaired aortic contraction to KCl and phenylephrine (PE) and endothelium-dependent relaxation to acetylcholine (ACh) without affecting endothelium-independent relaxation to sodium nitroprusside (SNP). IN CONCLUSION AGM may represent a potential endogenous therapeutic candidate for sepsis-induced vascular dysfunction through its inhibiting effect on iNOS expression and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed S El-Awady
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Almadinah Almonawarah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Manar A Nader
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Almadinah Almonawarah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Maha H Sharawy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
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27
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Mora-Solano C, Wen Y, Han H, Chen J, Chong AS, Miller ML, Pompano RR, Collier JH. Active immunotherapy for TNF-mediated inflammation using self-assembled peptide nanofibers. Biomaterials 2017; 149:1-11. [PMID: 28982051 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Active immunotherapies raising antibody responses against autologous targets are receiving increasing interest as alternatives to the administration of manufactured antibodies. The challenge in such an approach is generating protective and adjustable levels of therapeutic antibodies while at the same time avoiding strong T cell responses that could lead to autoimmune reactions. Here we demonstrate the design of an active immunotherapy against TNF-mediated inflammation using short synthetic peptides that assemble into supramolecular peptide nanofibers. Immunization with these materials, without additional adjuvants, was able to break B cell tolerance and raise protective antibody responses against autologous TNF in mice. The strength of the anti-TNF antibody response could be tuned by adjusting the epitope content in the nanofibers, and the T-cell response was focused on exogenous and non-autoreactive T-cell epitopes. Immunization with unadjuvanted peptide nanofibers was therapeutic in a lethal model of acute inflammation induced by intraperitoneally delivered lipopolysaccharide, whereas formulations adjuvanted with CpG showed comparatively poorer protection that correlated with a more Th1-polarized response. Additionally, immunization with peptide nanofibers did not diminish the ability of mice to clear infections of Listeria monocytogenes. Collectively this work suggests that synthetic self-assembled peptides can be attractive platforms for active immunotherapies against autologous targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Mora-Solano
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, United States; Molecular Pathogenesis Program, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, United States
| | - Yi Wen
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, United States
| | - Huifang Han
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, United States
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, United States
| | - Anita S Chong
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, United States
| | - Michelle L Miller
- Molecular Pathogenesis Program, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, United States
| | - Rebecca R Pompano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, United States
| | - Joel H Collier
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, United States; Molecular Pathogenesis Program, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, United States.
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28
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Protein tyrosine phosphatase Shp2 deficiency in podocytes attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced proteinuria. Sci Rep 2017; 7:461. [PMID: 28352079 PMCID: PMC5428720 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00564-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Podocytes are specialized epithelial cells that play a significant role in maintaining the integrity of the glomerular filtration barrier and preventing urinary protein leakage. We investigated the contribution of protein tyrosine phosphatase Shp2 to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced renal injury. We report increased Shp2 expression in murine kidneys and cultured podocytes following an LPS challenge. To determine the role of podocyte Shp2 in vivo, we generated podocyte-specific Shp2 knockout (pod-Shp2 KO) mice. Following administration of LPS, pod-Shp2 KO mice exhibited lower proteinuria and blood urea nitrogen concentrations than controls indicative of preserved filter integrity. In addition, renal mRNA and serum concentrations of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNFα, INFγ and IL-12 p70 were significantly decreased in LPS-treated knockout mice compared with controls. Moreover, the protective effects of podocyte Shp2 deficiency were associated with decreased LPS-induced NF-κB and MAPK activation, nephrin phosphorylation and attenuated endoplasmic reticulum stress. These effects were recapitulated in differentiated E11 murine podocytes with lentiviral-mediated Shp2 knockdown. Furthermore, Shp2 deficient podocytes displayed reduced LPS-induced migration in a wound healing assay. These findings identify Shp2 in podocytes as a significant contributor to the signaling events following LPS challenge and suggest that inhibition of Shp2 in podocytes may present a potential therapeutic target for podocytopathies.
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29
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Inulin oligofructose attenuates metabolic syndrome in high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet-fed rats. Br J Nutr 2016; 116:1502-1511. [PMID: 27805541 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114516003627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Prebiotics alter bacterial content in the colon, and therefore could be useful for obesity management. We investigated the changes following addition of inulin oligofructose (IO) in the food of rats fed either a corn starch (C) diet or a high-carbohydrate, high-fat (H) diet as a model of diet-induced metabolic syndrome. IO did not affect food intake, but reduced body weight gain by 5·3 and 12·3 % in corn starch+inulin oligofructose (CIO) and high-carbohydrate, high-fat with inulin oligofructose (HIO) rats, respectively. IO reduced plasma concentrations of free fatty acids by 26·2 % and TAG by 75·8 % in HIO rats. IO increased faecal output by 93·2 %, faecal lipid excretion by 37·9 % and weight of caecum by 23·4 % and colon by 41·5 % in HIO rats. IO improved ileal morphology by reducing inflammation and improving the density of crypt cells in HIO rats. IO attenuated H diet-induced increases in abdominal fat pads (C 275 (sem 19), CIO 264 (sem 40), H 688 (sem 55), HIO 419 (sem 32) mg/mm tibial length), fasting blood glucose concentrations (C 4·5 (sem 0·1), CIO 4·2 (sem 0·1), H 5·2 (sem 0·1), HIO 4·3 (sem 0·1) mmol/l), systolic blood pressure (C 124 (sem 2), CIO 118 (sem 2), H 152 (sem 2), HIO 123 (sem 3) mmHg), left ventricular diastolic stiffness (C 22·9 (sem 0·6), CIO 22·9 (sem 0·5), H 27·8 (sem 0·5), HIO 22·6 (sem 1·2)) and plasma alanine transaminase (C 29·6 (sem 2·8), CIO 32·1 (sem 3·0), H 43·9 (sem 2·6), HIO 33·6 (sem 2·0) U/l). IO attenuated H-induced increases in inflammatory cell infiltration in the heart and liver, lipid droplets in the liver and plasma lipids as well as impaired glucose and insulin tolerance. These results suggest that increasing soluble fibre intake with IO improves signs of the metabolic syndrome by decreasing gastrointestinal carbohydrate and lipid uptake.
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30
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Sumbria RK, Grigoryan MM, Vasilevko V, Krasieva TB, Scadeng M, Dvornikova AK, Paganini-Hill A, Kim R, Cribbs DH, Fisher MJ. A murine model of inflammation-induced cerebral microbleeds. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:218. [PMID: 27577728 PMCID: PMC5006574 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0693-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral microhemorrhages (CMH) are tiny deposits of blood degradation products in the brain and are pathological substrates of cerebral microbleeds. The existing CMH animal models are β-amyloid-, hypoxic brain injury-, or hypertension-induced. Recent evidence shows that CMH develop independently of hypoxic brain injury, hypertension, or amyloid deposition and CMH are associated with normal aging, sepsis, and neurodegenerative conditions. One common factor among the above pathologies is inflammation, and recent clinical studies show a link between systemic inflammation and CMH. Hence, we hypothesize that inflammation induces CMH development and thus, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced CMH may be an appropriate model to study cerebral microbleeds. METHODS Adult C57BL/6 mice were injected with LPS (3 or 1 mg/kg, i.p.) or saline at 0, 6, and 24 h. At 2 or 7 days after the first injection, brains were harvested. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Prussian blue (PB) were used to stain fresh (acute) hemorrhages and hemosiderin (sub-acute) hemorrhages, respectively. Brain tissue ICAM-1, IgG, Iba1, and GFAP immunohistochemistry were used to examine endothelium activation, blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, and neuroinflammation. MRI and fluorescence microscopy were used to further confirm CMH development in this model. RESULTS LPS-treated mice developed H&E-positive (at 2 days) and PB-positive (at 7 days) CMH. No surface and negligible H&E-positive CMH were observed in saline-treated mice (n = 12). LPS (3 mg/kg; n = 10) produced significantly higher number, size, and area of H&E-positive CMH at 2 days. LPS (1 mg/kg; n = 9) produced robust development of PB-positive CMH at 7 days, with significantly higher number and area compared with saline (n = 9)-treated mice. CMH showed the highest distribution in the cerebellum followed by the sub-cortex and cortex. LPS-induced CMH were predominantly adjacent to cerebral capillaries, and CMH load was associated with indices of brain endothelium activation, BBB disruption, and neuroinflammation. Fluorescence microscopy confirmed the extravasation of red blood cells into the brain parenchyma, and MRI demonstrated the presence of cerebral microbleeds. CONCLUSIONS LPS produced rapid and robust development of H&E-positive (at 2 days) and PB-positive (at 7 days) CMH. The ease of development of both H&E- and PB-positive CMH makes the LPS-induced mouse model suitable to study inflammation-induced CMH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachita K Sumbria
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Keck Graduate Institute, Claremont, CA, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Vitaly Vasilevko
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Miriam Scadeng
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Ronald Kim
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - David H Cribbs
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Mark J Fisher
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA. .,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA. .,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA. .,UC Irvine Medical Center, 101 The City Drive South, Shanbrom Hall, Room 121, Orange, CA, 92868, USA.
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31
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Koo JW, Quintanilla-Dieck L, Jiang M, Liu J, Urdang ZD, Allensworth JJ, Cross CP, Li H, Steyger PS. Endotoxemia-mediated inflammation potentiates aminoglycoside-induced ototoxicity. Sci Transl Med 2016. [PMID: 26223301 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aac5546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The ototoxic aminoglycoside antibiotics are essential to treat severe bacterial infections, particularly in neonatal intensive care units. Using a bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) experimental model of sepsis, we tested whether LPS-mediated inflammation potentiates cochlear uptake of aminoglycosides and permanent hearing loss in mice. Using confocal microscopy and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, we found that low-dose LPS (endotoxemia) greatly increased cochlear concentrations of aminoglycosides and resulted in vasodilation of cochlear capillaries without inducing paracellular flux across the blood-labyrinth barrier (BLB) or elevating serum concentrations of the drug. Additionally, endotoxemia increased expression of both serum and cochlear inflammatory markers. These LPS-induced changes, classically mediated by Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), were attenuated in TLR4-hyporesponsive mice. Multiday dosing with aminoglycosides during chronic endotoxemia induced greater hearing threshold shifts and sensory cell loss compared to mice without endotoxemia. Thus, endotoxemia-mediated inflammation enhanced aminoglycoside trafficking across the BLB and potentiated aminoglycoside-induced ototoxicity. These data indicate that patients with severe infections are at greater risk of aminoglycoside-induced hearing loss than previously recognized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ja-Won Koo
- Oregon Hearing Research Center, Department of Otolaryngology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 Southwest Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 173-82 Kumiro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 463-707, Republic of Korea
| | - Lourdes Quintanilla-Dieck
- Oregon Hearing Research Center, Department of Otolaryngology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 Southwest Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Meiyan Jiang
- Oregon Hearing Research Center, Department of Otolaryngology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 Southwest Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Jianping Liu
- Oregon Hearing Research Center, Department of Otolaryngology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 Southwest Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA. Department of Otology and Skull Base Surgery, Eye Ear Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zachary D Urdang
- Oregon Hearing Research Center, Department of Otolaryngology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 Southwest Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Jordan J Allensworth
- Oregon Hearing Research Center, Department of Otolaryngology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 Southwest Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Campbell P Cross
- Oregon Hearing Research Center, Department of Otolaryngology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 Southwest Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Hongzhe Li
- Oregon Hearing Research Center, Department of Otolaryngology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 Southwest Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Peter S Steyger
- Oregon Hearing Research Center, Department of Otolaryngology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 Southwest Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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32
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Chen KH, Lundy DJ, Toh EKW, Chen CH, Shih C, Chen P, Chang HC, Lai JJ, Stayton PS, Hoffman AS, Hsieh PCH. Nanoparticle distribution during systemic inflammation is size-dependent and organ-specific. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:15863-72. [PMID: 26359216 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr03626g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
This study comprehensively investigates the changing biodistribution of fluorescent-labelled polystyrene latex bead nanoparticles in a mouse model of inflammation. Since inflammation alters systemic circulatory properties, increases vessel permeability and modulates the immune system, we theorised that systemic inflammation would alter nanoparticle distribution within the body. This has implications for prospective nanocarrier-based therapies targeting inflammatory diseases. Low dose lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial endotoxin, was used to induce an inflammatory response, and 20 nm, 100 nm or 500 nm polystyrene nanoparticles were administered after 16 hours. HPLC analysis was used to accurately quantify nanoparticle retention by each vital organ, and tissue sections revealed the precise locations of nanoparticle deposition within key tissues. During inflammation, nanoparticles of all sizes redistributed, particularly to the marginal zones of the spleen. We found that LPS-induced inflammation induces splenic macrophage polarisation and alters leukocyte uptake of nanoparticles, with size-dependent effects. In addition, spleen vasculature becomes significantly more permeable following LPS treatment. We conclude that systemic inflammation affects nanoparticle distribution by multiple mechanisms, in a size dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- K-H Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, 128 Sec. 2, Academia Rd., Taipei 115, Taiwan.
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33
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Chakraborty S, Zawieja SD, Wang W, Lee Y, Wang YJ, von der Weid PY, Zawieja DC, Muthuchamy M. Lipopolysaccharide modulates neutrophil recruitment and macrophage polarization on lymphatic vessels and impairs lymphatic function in rat mesentery. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 309:H2042-57. [PMID: 26453331 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00467.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Impairment of the lymphatic system is apparent in multiple inflammatory pathologies connected to elevated endotoxins such as LPS. However, the direct mechanisms by which LPS influences the lymphatic contractility are not well understood. We hypothesized that a dynamic modulation of innate immune cell populations in mesentery under inflammatory conditions perturbs tissue cytokine/chemokine homeostasis and subsequently influences lymphatic function. We used rats that were intraperitoneally injected with LPS (10 mg/kg) to determine the changes in the profiles of innate immune cells in the mesentery and in the stretch-mediated contractile responses of isolated lymphatic preparations. Results demonstrated a reduction in the phasic contractile activity of mesenteric lymphatic vessels from LPS-injected rats and a severe impairment of lymphatic pump function and flow. There was a significant reduction in the number of neutrophils and an increase in monocytes/macrophages present on the lymphatic vessels and in the clear mesentery of the LPS group. This population of monocytes and macrophages established a robust M2 phenotype, with the majority showing high expression of CD163 and CD206. Several cytokines and chemoattractants for neutrophils and macrophages were significantly changed in the mesentery of LPS-injected rats. Treatment of lymphatic muscle cells (LMCs) with LPS showed significant changes in the expression of adhesion molecules, VCAM1, ICAM1, CXCR2, and galectin-9. LPS-TLR4-mediated regulation of pAKT, pERK pI-κB, and pMLC20 in LMCs promoted both contractile and inflammatory pathways. Thus, our data provide the first evidence connecting the dynamic changes in innate immune cells on or near the lymphatics and complex cytokine milieu during inflammation with lymphatic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjukta Chakraborty
- Department of Medical Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Division of Lymphatic Biology, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, College Station, Texas; and
| | - Scott D Zawieja
- Department of Medical Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Division of Lymphatic Biology, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, College Station, Texas; and
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Medical Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Division of Lymphatic Biology, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, College Station, Texas; and
| | - Yang Lee
- Department of Medical Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Division of Lymphatic Biology, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, College Station, Texas; and
| | - Yuan J Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Inflammation Research Network, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Pierre-Yves von der Weid
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Inflammation Research Network, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - David C Zawieja
- Department of Medical Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Division of Lymphatic Biology, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, College Station, Texas; and
| | - Mariappan Muthuchamy
- Department of Medical Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Division of Lymphatic Biology, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, College Station, Texas; and
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Abstract
Many preclinical studies in critical care medicine and related disciplines rely on hypothesis-driven research in mice. The underlying premise posits that mice sufficiently emulate numerous pathophysiologic alterations produced by trauma/sepsis and can serve as an experimental platform for answering clinically relevant questions. Recently, the lay press severely criticized the translational relevance of mouse models in critical care medicine. A series of provocative editorials were elicited by a highly publicized research report in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS; February 2013), which identified an unrecognized gene expression profile mismatch between human and murine leukocytes following burn/trauma/endotoxemia. Based on their data, the authors concluded that mouse models of trauma/inflammation are unsuitable for studying corresponding human conditions. We believe this conclusion was not justified. In conjunction with resulting negative commentary in the popular press, it can seriously jeopardize future basic research in critical care medicine. We will address some limitations of that PNAS report to provide a framework for discussing its conclusions and attempt to present a balanced summary of strengths/weaknesses of use of mouse models. While many investigators agree that animal research is a central component for improved patient outcomes, it is important to acknowledge known limitations in clinical translation from mouse to man. The scientific community is responsible to discuss valid limitations without overinterpretation. Hopefully, a balanced view of the strengths/weaknesses of using animals for trauma/endotoxemia/critical care research will not result in hasty discount of the clear need for using animals to advance treatment of critically ill patients.
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Wu CL, Wu HM, Chiu PF, Liou HH, Chang CB, Tarng DC, Chang CC. Associations between the duration of dialysis, endotoxemia, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and the effects of a short-dwell exchange in patients requiring continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109558. [PMID: 25286027 PMCID: PMC4186838 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endotoxemia is exaggerated and contributes to systemic inflammation and atherosclerosis in patients requiring continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). The risk of mortality is substantially increased in patients requiring CAPD for >2 years. However, little is known about the effects of long-term CAPD on circulating endotoxin and cytokine levels. Therefore, the present study evaluated the associations between plasma endotoxin levels, cytokine levels, and clinical parameters with the effects of a short-dwell exchange on endotoxemia and cytokine levels in patients on long-term CAPD. Methods A total of 26 patients were enrolled and divided into two groups (short-term or long-term CAPD) according to the 2-year duration of CAPD. Plasma endotoxin and cytokine levels were measured before and after a short-dwell exchange (4-h dwell) during a peritoneal equilibration test (a standardized method to evaluate the solute transport function of peritoneal membrane). These data were analyzed to determine the relationship of circulating endotoxemia, cytokines and clinical characteristics between the two groups. Results Plasma endotoxin and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) levels were significantly elevated in the long-term group. PD duration was significantly correlated with plasma endotoxin (r = 0.479, P = 0.016) and MCP-1 (r = 0.486, P = 0.012). PD duration was also independently associated with plasma MCP-1 levels in multivariate regression. Plasma MCP-1 levels tended to decrease (13.3% reduction, P = 0.077) though endotoxin levels did not decrease in the long-term PD group after the 4-h short-dwell exchange. Conclusion Long-term PD may result in exaggerated endotoxemia and elevated plasma MCP-1 levels. The duration of PD was significantly correlated with circulating endotoxin and MCP-1 levels, and was an independent predictor of plasma MCP-1 levels. Short-dwell exchange seemed to have favorable effects on circulating MCP-1 levels in patients on long-term PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Lin Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Ming Wu
- Inflammation Research and Drug Development Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Fang Chiu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Hsiang Liou
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hsin Jen Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chirn-Bin Chang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Der-Cherng Tarng
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department and Institute of Physiology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (DCT); (CCC)
| | - Chia-Chu Chang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (DCT); (CCC)
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Cauwels A, Vandendriessche B, Bultinck J, Descamps B, Rogge E, Van Nieuwenhuysen T, Sips M, Vanhove C, Brouckaert P. TLR2 activation causes no morbidity or cardiovascular failure, despite excessive systemic nitric oxide production. Cardiovasc Res 2013; 100:28-35. [PMID: 23787001 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvt168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Septic shock is the leading cause of death in intensive care units worldwide, resulting from a progressive systemic inflammatory reaction causing cardiovascular and organ failure. Nitric oxide (NO) is a potent vasodilator and inhibition of NO synthases (NOS) can increase blood pressure in septic shock. However, NOS inhibition does not improve outcome, on the contrary, and certain NO donors may even provide protection. In addition, NOS produce superoxide in case of substrate or cofactor deficiency or oxidation. We hypothesized that excessive systemic iNOS-derived NO production is insufficient to trigger cardiovascular failure and shock. METHODS AND RESULTS We found that the systemic injection with various synthetic Toll-like receptor-2 (TLR2), TLR3, or TLR9 agonists triggered systemic NO production identical to that of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or tumour necrosis factor. In contrast to the latter, however, these agonists did not cause hypothermia or any other signs of discomfort or morbidity, and inflammatory cytokine production was low. TLR2 stimulation with the triacylated lipopeptide Pam3CSK4 not only caused identical NO levels in circulation, but also identical iNOS expression patterns as LPS. Nevertheless, Pam3CSK4 did not cause hypotension, bradycardia, reduced blood flow, or inadequate tissue perfusion in the kidney or the liver. CONCLUSION We demonstrate that excessive iNOS-derived NO in circulation is not necessarily linked to concomitant cardiovascular collapse, morbidity, or mortality. As such, our data indicate that the central role of iNOS-derived NO in inflammation-associated cardiovascular failure may be overestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anje Cauwels
- Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB, Technologiepark 927, Ghent B-9052, Belgium
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Belkina AC, Nikolajczyk BS, Denis GV. BET protein function is required for inflammation: Brd2 genetic disruption and BET inhibitor JQ1 impair mouse macrophage inflammatory responses. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2013; 190:3670-8. [PMID: 23420887 PMCID: PMC3608815 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1202838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 315] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Histone acetylation regulates activation and repression of multiple inflammatory genes known to play critical roles in chronic inflammatory diseases. However, proteins responsible for translating the histone acetylation code into an orchestrated proinflammatory cytokine response remain poorly characterized. Bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) proteins are "readers" of histone acetylation marks, with demonstrated roles in gene transcription, but the ability of BET proteins to coordinate the response of inflammatory cytokine genes through translation of histone marks is unknown. We hypothesize that members of the BET family of dual bromodomain-containing transcriptional regulators directly control inflammatory genes. We examined the genetic model of brd2 lo mice, a BET protein hypomorph, to show that Brd2 is essential for proinflammatory cytokine production in macrophages. Studies that use small interfering RNA knockdown and a small-molecule inhibitor of BET protein binding, JQ1, independently demonstrate BET proteins are critical for macrophage inflammatory responses. Furthermore, we show that Brd2 and Brd4 physically associate with the promoters of inflammatory cytokine genes in macrophages. This association is absent in the presence of BET inhibition by JQ1. Finally, we demonstrate that JQ1 ablates cytokine production in vitro and blunts the "cytokine storm" in endotoxemic mice by reducing levels of IL-6 and TNF-α while rescuing mice from LPS-induced death. We propose that targeting BET proteins with small-molecule inhibitors will benefit hyperinflammatory conditions associated with high levels of cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C. Belkina
- Cancer Research Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Barbara S. Nikolajczyk
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Gerald V. Denis
- Cancer Research Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Disparate roles of marrow- and parenchymal cell-derived TLR4 signaling in murine LPS-induced systemic inflammation. Sci Rep 2012; 2:918. [PMID: 23213355 PMCID: PMC3513967 DOI: 10.1038/srep00918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) occurs in a range of infectious and non-infectious disease processes. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) initiate such responses. We have shown that parenchymal cell TLR4 activation drives LPS-induced systemic inflammation; SIRS does not develop in mice lacking TLR4 expression on parenchymal cells. The parenchymal cell types whose TLR4 activation directs this process have not been identified. Employing a bone marrow transplant model to compartmentalize TLR4 signaling, we characterized blood neutrophil and cytokine responses, NF-κB1 activation, and Tnf-α, Il6, and Ccl2 induction in several organs (spleen, aorta, liver, lung) near the time of LPS-induced symptom onset. Aorta, liver, and lung gene responses corresponded with both LPS-induced symptom onset patterns and plasma cytokine/chemokine levels. Parenchymal cells in aorta, liver, and lung bearing TLR4 responded to LPS with chemokine generation and were associated with increased plasma chemokine levels. We propose that parenchymal cells direct SIRS in response to LPS.
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Buchholz BM, Chanthaphavong RS, Billiar TR, Bauer AJ. Role of interleukin-6 in hemopoietic and non-hemopoietic synergy mediating TLR4-triggered late murine ileus and endotoxic shock. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2012; 24:658-69, e294. [PMID: 22489868 PMCID: PMC3378783 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2012.01914.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early murine endotoxin-induced ileus at 6 h is exclusively mediated by non-hemopoietic TLR4/MyD88 signaling despite molecular activation of hemopoietic cells which included a significant IL-6 mRNA induction. Our objective was to define the role of hemopoietic cells in LPS/TLR4-triggered ileus and inflammation over time, and identify mechanisms of ileus. METHODS CSF-1(-/-) , TLR4 non-chimera and TLR4 chimera mice were single-shot intraperitoneal injected with ultrapure lipopolysaccharide (UP-LPS) and studied up to 4 days. Subgroups of TLR4(WT) mice were additionally intravenously injected with exogenous recombinant IL-6 (rmIL-6) or murine soluble IL-6 receptor blocking antibody (anti-sIL-6R mAB). KEY RESULTS Hemopoietic TLR4 signaling independently mediated UP-LPS-induced ileus at 24 h, but chemotactic muscularis neutrophil extravasation was not causatively involved and mice lacking CSF-1-dependent macrophages died prematurely. Synergy of hemopoietic and non-hemopoietic cells determined ileus severity and mortality which correlated with synergistic cell lineage specific transcription of inflammatory mediators like IL-6 within the intestinal muscularis. Circulating IL-6 levels were LPS dose dependent, but exogenous rmIL-6 did not spark off a self-perpetuating inflammatory response triggering ileus. Sustained therapeutic inhibition of functional IL-6 signaling efficiently ameliorated late ileus while preemptive antibody-mediated IL-6R blockade was marginally effective in mitigating ileus. However, IL-6R blockade did not prevent endotoxin-associated mortality nor did it alter circulating IL-6 levels. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES A time-delayed bone marrow-driven mechanism of murine endotoxin-induced ileus exists, and hemopoietic cells synergize with non-hemopoietic cells thereby prolonging ileus and fueling intestinal inflammation. Importantly, IL-6 signaling via IL-6R/gp130 drives late ileus, yet it did not regulate mortality in endotoxic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina M. Buchholz
- Department of Medicine/Gastroenterology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA,Department of Surgery, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | - Anthony J. Bauer
- Department of Medicine/Gastroenterology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
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