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He Z, Liu JJ, Ma SL. Serum chemokine IL-8 acts as a biomarker for identifying COVID-19-associated persistent severe acute kidney injury. Ren Fail 2024; 46:2311316. [PMID: 38305217 PMCID: PMC10840601 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2024.2311316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Persistent severe acute kidney injury (PS-AKI) is associated with poor clinical outcomes. Our study attempted to evaluate the diagnostic value of chemokines for early-stage PS-AKI prediction. METHODS According to the KDIGO criteria, 115 COVID-19 patients diagnosed with stage 2/3 AKI were recruited from the intensive care unit between December 2022 and February 2023. Primary clinical outcomes included detecting PS-AKI in the first week (≥ KDIGO stage 2 ≥ 72 h). Cytometric Bead Array was used to detect patient plasma levels (interleukin-8 (IL-8), C-C chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5), chemokine (C-X-C Motif) ligand 9 (CXCL9), and interferon-inducible protein 10 (IP-10)) of chemokines within 24 h of enrollment. RESULTS Of the 115 COVID-19 patients with stage 2/3 AKI, 27 were diagnosed with PS-AKI. Among the four measured chemokines, only the IL-8 level was significantly elevated in the PS-AKI group than in the Non-PS-AKI group. IL-8 was more effective as a biomarker while predicting PS-AKI with an area under the curve of 0.769 (0.675-0.863). This was superior to other biomarkers related to AKI, including serum creatinine. Moreover, plasma IL-8 levels of >32.2 pg/ml on admission could predict PS-AKI risk (sensitivity = 92.6%, specificity = 51.1%). Additionally, the IL-8 level was associated with total protein and IL-6 levels. CONCLUSION Plasma IL-8 is a promising marker for the early identification of PS-AKI among COVID-19 patients. These findings should be validated in further studies with a larger sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi He
- Center of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing-jing Liu
- Center of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shao-lei Ma
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Guan Y, Wei X, Li J, Zhu Y, Luo P, Luo M. Obesity-related glomerulopathy: recent advances in inflammatory mechanisms and related treatments. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 115:819-839. [PMID: 38427925 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiae035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity-related glomerulopathy, which is an obesity-triggered kidney damage, has become a significant threat to human health. Several studies have recently highlighted the critical role of inflammation in obesity-related glomerulopathy development. Additionally, excess adipose tissue and adipocytes in patients with obesity produce various inflammatory factors that cause systemic low-grade inflammation with consequent damage to vascular endothelial cells, exacerbating glomerular injury. Therefore, we conducted a comprehensive review of obesity-related glomerulopathy and addressed the critical role of obesity-induced chronic inflammation in obesity-related glomerulopathy pathogenesis and progression, which leads to tubular damage and proteinuria, ultimately impairing renal function. The relationship between obesity and obesity-related glomerulopathy is facilitated by a network of various inflammation-associated cells (including macrophages, lymphocytes, and mast cells) and a series of inflammatory mediators (such as tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 6, leptin, adiponectin, resistin, chemokines, adhesion molecules, and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1) and their inflammatory pathways. Furthermore, we discuss a recently discovered relationship between micronutrients and obesity-related glomerulopathy inflammation and the important role of micronutrients in the body's anti-inflammatory response. Therefore, assessing these inflammatory molecules and pathways will provide a strong theoretical basis for developing therapeutic strategies based on anti-inflammatory effects to prevent or delay the onset of kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucan Guan
- Department of Nephropathy, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziquiang Street, Nanguan District, Changchun, Jilin 130041, China
| | - Xianping Wei
- Department of Nephropathy, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziquiang Street, Nanguan District, Changchun, Jilin 130041, China
| | - Jicui Li
- Department of Nephropathy, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziquiang Street, Nanguan District, Changchun, Jilin 130041, China
| | - Yuexin Zhu
- Department of Nephropathy, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziquiang Street, Nanguan District, Changchun, Jilin 130041, China
| | - Ping Luo
- Department of Nephropathy, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziquiang Street, Nanguan District, Changchun, Jilin 130041, China
| | - Manyu Luo
- Department of Nephropathy, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziquiang Street, Nanguan District, Changchun, Jilin 130041, China
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Costa RM, Cerqueira DM, Bruder-Nascimento A, Alves JV, Awata WMC, Singh S, Kufner A, Prado DS, Johny E, Cifuentes-Pagano E, Hawse WF, Dutta P, Pagano PJ, Ho J, Bruder-Nascimento T. Role of the CCL5 and Its Receptor, CCR5, in the Genesis of Aldosterone-Induced Hypertension, Vascular Dysfunction, and End-Organ Damage. Hypertension 2024; 81:776-786. [PMID: 38240165 PMCID: PMC10954408 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.21888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aldosterone has been described to initiate cardiovascular diseases by triggering exacerbated sterile vascular inflammation. The functions of CCL5 (C-C motif chemokine ligand 5) and its receptor CCR5 (C-C motif chemokine receptor 5) are well known in infectious diseases, their contributions to aldosterone-induced vascular injury and hypertension remain unknown. METHODS We analyzed the vascular profile, blood pressure, and renal damage in wild-type (CCR5+/+) and CCR5 knockout (CCR5-/-) mice treated with aldosterone (600 µg/kg per day for 14 days) while receiving 1% saline to drink. Vascular function was analyzed in aorta and mesenteric arteries, blood pressure was measured by telemetry and renal injury and inflammation were analyzed via histology and flow cytometry. Endothelial cells were used to study the molecular signaling whereby CCL5 induces endothelial dysfunction. RESULTS Aldosterone treatment resulted in exaggerated CCL5 circulating levels and vascular CCR5 expression in CCR5+/+ mice accompanied by endothelial dysfunction, hypertension, and renal inflammation and damage. CCR5-/- mice were protected from these aldosterone-induced effects. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that CCL5 increased NOX1 (NADPH oxidase 1) expression, reactive oxygen species formation, NFκB (nuclear factor kappa B) activation, and inflammation and reduced NO production in isolated endothelial cells. These effects were abolished by antagonizing CCR5 with Maraviroc. Finally, aorta incubated with CCL5 displayed severe endothelial dysfunction, which is prevented by blocking NOX1, NFκB, or CCR5. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that CCL5/CCR5, through activation of NFκB and NOX1, is critically involved in aldosterone-induced vascular and renal damage and hypertension placing CCL5 and CCR5 as potential therapeutic targets for conditions characterized by aldosterone excess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael M Costa
- Department of Pediatrics at University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, (R.M.C., D.M.C., A.B.-N., J.V.A., W.M.C.A., S.S., J.H., T.B.-N.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
- Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh (R.M.C., A.B.-N., J.V.A., W.M.C.A., S.S., T.B.-N.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
- Endocrinology Division at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh (R.M.C., A.B.-N., J.V.A., W.M.C.A., S.S., T.B.-N.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (R.M.C., P.D.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
- Academic Unit of Health Sciences, Federal University of Jatai, GO, Brazil (R.M.C.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil (R.M.C.)
| | - Débora M Cerqueira
- Department of Pediatrics at University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, (R.M.C., D.M.C., A.B.-N., J.V.A., W.M.C.A., S.S., J.H., T.B.-N.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
- Nephrology Division at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh (D.M.C., J.H.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Ariane Bruder-Nascimento
- Department of Pediatrics at University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, (R.M.C., D.M.C., A.B.-N., J.V.A., W.M.C.A., S.S., J.H., T.B.-N.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
- Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh (R.M.C., A.B.-N., J.V.A., W.M.C.A., S.S., T.B.-N.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
- Endocrinology Division at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh (R.M.C., A.B.-N., J.V.A., W.M.C.A., S.S., T.B.-N.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Juliano V Alves
- Department of Pediatrics at University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, (R.M.C., D.M.C., A.B.-N., J.V.A., W.M.C.A., S.S., J.H., T.B.-N.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
- Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh (R.M.C., A.B.-N., J.V.A., W.M.C.A., S.S., T.B.-N.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
- Endocrinology Division at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh (R.M.C., A.B.-N., J.V.A., W.M.C.A., S.S., T.B.-N.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Wanessa M C Awata
- Department of Pediatrics at University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, (R.M.C., D.M.C., A.B.-N., J.V.A., W.M.C.A., S.S., J.H., T.B.-N.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
- Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh (R.M.C., A.B.-N., J.V.A., W.M.C.A., S.S., T.B.-N.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
- Endocrinology Division at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh (R.M.C., A.B.-N., J.V.A., W.M.C.A., S.S., T.B.-N.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Shubhnita Singh
- Department of Pediatrics at University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, (R.M.C., D.M.C., A.B.-N., J.V.A., W.M.C.A., S.S., J.H., T.B.-N.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
- Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh (R.M.C., A.B.-N., J.V.A., W.M.C.A., S.S., T.B.-N.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
- Endocrinology Division at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh (R.M.C., A.B.-N., J.V.A., W.M.C.A., S.S., T.B.-N.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Alexander Kufner
- Vascular Medicine Institute (A.K., E.J., E.C.-P., P.D., P.J.P., T.B.-N.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (A.K., E.C.-P., P.J.P.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Douglas S Prado
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (D.S.P., W.F.H., P.D.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Ebin Johny
- Vascular Medicine Institute (A.K., E.J., E.C.-P., P.D., P.J.P., T.B.-N.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Eugenia Cifuentes-Pagano
- Vascular Medicine Institute (A.K., E.J., E.C.-P., P.D., P.J.P., T.B.-N.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (A.K., E.C.-P., P.J.P.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - William F Hawse
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (D.S.P., W.F.H., P.D.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Partha Dutta
- Vascular Medicine Institute (A.K., E.J., E.C.-P., P.D., P.J.P., T.B.-N.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (R.M.C., P.D.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (D.S.P., W.F.H., P.D.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Patrick J Pagano
- Vascular Medicine Institute (A.K., E.J., E.C.-P., P.D., P.J.P., T.B.-N.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (A.K., E.C.-P., P.J.P.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Jacqueline Ho
- Department of Pediatrics at University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, (R.M.C., D.M.C., A.B.-N., J.V.A., W.M.C.A., S.S., J.H., T.B.-N.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
- Nephrology Division at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh (D.M.C., J.H.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Thiago Bruder-Nascimento
- Department of Pediatrics at University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, (R.M.C., D.M.C., A.B.-N., J.V.A., W.M.C.A., S.S., J.H., T.B.-N.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
- Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh (R.M.C., A.B.-N., J.V.A., W.M.C.A., S.S., T.B.-N.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
- Endocrinology Division at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh (R.M.C., A.B.-N., J.V.A., W.M.C.A., S.S., T.B.-N.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
- Vascular Medicine Institute (A.K., E.J., E.C.-P., P.D., P.J.P., T.B.-N.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
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Hao XM, Liu Y, Hailaiti D, Gong Y, Zhang XD, Yue BN, Liu JP, Wu XL, Yang KZ, Wang J, Liu QG. Mechanisms of inflammation modulation by different immune cells in hypertensive nephropathy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1333170. [PMID: 38545112 PMCID: PMC10965702 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1333170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypertensive nephropathy (HTN) is the second leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and a chronic inflammatory disease. Persistent hypertension leads to lesions of intrarenal arterioles and arterioles, luminal stenosis, secondary ischemic renal parenchymal damage, and glomerulosclerosis, tubular atrophy, and interstitial fibrosis. Studying the pathogenesis of hypertensive nephropathy is a prerequisite for diagnosis and treatment. The main cause of HTN is poor long-term blood pressure control, but kidney damage is often accompanied by the occurrence of immune inflammation. Some studies have found that the activation of innate immunity, inflammation and acquired immunity is closely related to the pathogenesis of HTN, which can cause damage and dysfunction of target organs. There are more articles on the mechanism of diabetic nephropathy, while there are fewer studies related to immunity in hypertensive nephropathy. This article reviews the mechanisms by which several different immune cells and inflammatory cytokines regulate blood pressure and renal damage in HTN. It mainly focuses on immune cells, cytokines, and chemokines and inhibitors. However, further comprehensive and large-scale studies are needed to determine the role of these markers and provide effective protocols for clinical intervention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Min Hao
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | | | - Yu Gong
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xu-Dong Zhang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bing-Nan Yue
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ji-Peng Liu
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Li Wu
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ke-Zhen Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sir Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Guo Liu
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Barhoumi T, Todryk S. Role of monocytes/macrophages in renin-angiotensin system-induced hypertension and end organ damage. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1199934. [PMID: 37854465 PMCID: PMC10579565 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1199934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a central modulator of cardiovascular physiology. Pathophysiology of hypertension is commonly accompanied by hyper-activation of RAS. Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) and Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are the gold standard treatment for hypertension. Recently, several studies highlighted the crucial role of immune system in hypertension. Angiotensin-II-induced hypertension is associated with low grade inflammation characterized by innate and adaptive immune system dysfunction. Throughout the progression of hypertension, monocyte/macrophage cells appear to have a crucial role in vascular inflammation and interaction with the arterial wall. Since myelomonocytic cells potentially play a key role in angiotensin-II-induced hypertension and organ damage, pharmacological targeting of RAS components in monocyte/macrophages may possibly present an innovative strategy for treatment of hypertension and related pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tlili Barhoumi
- Medical Research Core Facility and Platforms (MRCFP), King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Stephen Todryk
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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Costa RM, Cerqueira DM, Bruder-Nascimento A, Alves JV, Awata WAC, Singh S, Kufner A, Cifuentes-Pagano E, Pagano PJ, Ho J, Bruder-Nascimento T. Role Of The C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 5 (CCL5) And Its Receptor, C-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 5 (CCR5) In The Genesis Of Aldosterone-induced Hypertension, Vascular Dysfunction, And End-organ Damage. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.22.558020. [PMID: 37790434 PMCID: PMC10542153 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.22.558020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Aldosterone, a mineralocorticoid steroid hormone, has been described to initiate cardiovascular diseases by triggering exacerbated sterile vascular inflammation. The functions of C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 5 (CCL5) and its receptor, C-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 5 (CCR5), are well known in infectious diseases, but their roles in the genesis of aldosterone-induced vascular injury and hypertension are unknown. Methods We analyzed the vascular profile, blood pressure, and renal damage in wild-type (CCR5+/+) and CCR5 knockout (CCR5-/-) mice treated with aldosterone (600 μg/kg/day for 14 days) while receiving 1% saline to drink. Results Here, we show that CCR5 plays a central role in aldosterone-induced vascular injury, hypertension, and renal damage. Long-term infusion of aldosterone in CCR5+/+ mice resulted in exaggerated CCL5 circulating levels and vascular CCR5 expression. Aldosterone treatment also triggered vascular injury, characterized by endothelial dysfunction and inflammation, hypertension, and renal damage. Mice lacking CCR5 were protected from aldosterone-induced vascular damage, hypertension, and renal injury. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that CCL5 increased NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox1) expression, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, NFκB activation, and inflammation and reduced nitric oxide production in isolated endothelial cells. These effects were abolished by antagonizing CCR5 with Maraviroc. Finally, aortae incubated with CCL5 displayed severe endothelial dysfunction, which is prevented by blocking Nox1, NFκB, or with Maraviroc treatment. Conclusions Our data demonstrate that CCL5/CCR5, through activation of NFkB and Nox1, is critically involved in aldosterone-induced vascular and renal damage and hypertension. Our data place CCL5 and CCR5 as potential targets for therapeutic interventions in conditions with aldosterone excess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael M Costa
- Department of Pediatrics at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism (CPROM) at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Endocrinology Division at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Academic Unit of Health Sciences, Federal University of Jatai, Jatai, GO, BR
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, BR
| | - Débora M Cerqueira
- Department of Pediatrics at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Nephrology Division at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ariane Bruder-Nascimento
- Department of Pediatrics at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism (CPROM) at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Endocrinology Division at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Juliano V Alves
- Department of Pediatrics at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism (CPROM) at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Endocrinology Division at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Wanessa A C Awata
- Department of Pediatrics at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism (CPROM) at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Endocrinology Division at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Shubhnita Singh
- Department of Pediatrics at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism (CPROM) at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Endocrinology Division at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alexander Kufner
- Vascular Medicine Institute (VMI), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Eugenia Cifuentes-Pagano
- Vascular Medicine Institute (VMI), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Patrick J Pagano
- Vascular Medicine Institute (VMI), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jacqueline Ho
- Department of Pediatrics at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Nephrology Division at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Thiago Bruder-Nascimento
- Department of Pediatrics at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism (CPROM) at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Endocrinology Division at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Vascular Medicine Institute (VMI), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Shen Q, Qi SM, Zhang JT, Li MH, Wang YP, Wang Z, Li W. Platycodin D inhibits HFD/STZ-induced diabetic nephropathy via inflammatory and apoptotic signaling pathways in C57BL/6 mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 314:116596. [PMID: 37146841 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The dried root of Platycodon grandiflorum (Jacq.) A.DC. (PG) is a traditional herb used in Asian countries and is widely used in formulas for the treatment of diabetes. Platycodin D (PD) is one of the most important components of PG. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate the improvement effects and regulatory mechanisms of PD on kidney injury in a high-fat diet (HFD) combined with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic nephropathy (DN). MATERIALS AND METHODS Model mice were treated with oral gavage of the PD (2.5, 5 mg/kg) for 8 weeks. Determination of serum lipid and renal function-related indexes creatinine (CRE), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels in mice, and histopathological section analysis of kidney. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics were utilized to study the binding ability of PD to target NF-κB and apoptosis signaling pathway-related proteins. Moreover, western blot was used to test the expressions of NF-κB and apoptosis-related proteins. Vitro experiments were performed to validate the related mechanisms using RAW264.7 cells and HK2 cells cultured by high glucose. RESULTS In vivo experiments, the administration of PD (2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg) reduced fasting blood glucose (FBG) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels in DN mice, while lipid levels and renal function were significantly improved. Furthermore, PD significantly inhibited the development of DN in the model mice by regulating NF-κB and apoptotic signaling pathways, reduced the abnormal elevation of serum inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-1β, and repaired renal cell apoptosis. In vitro experiments, NF-κB inhibitor ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) was used to confirm that PD can alleviate high glucose-induced inflammation in RAW264.7 cells and inhibit the release of inflammatory factors. And in HK2 cell experiments, it was verified that PD can inhibit ROS generation, reduce the loss of JC-1 and suppress HK2 cell injury by regulating NF-κB and apoptotic pathways. CONCLUSIONS These data suggested that PD has the potential to prevent and treat DN and is a promising natural nephroprotective agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Shen
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Si-Min Qi
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Jing-Tian Zhang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Ming-Han Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Ying-Ping Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Zi Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun, 130118, China.
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Dynamics of Soluble Factors and Double-Negative T Cells Associated with Response to Renal Denervation in Resistant Hypertension Patients. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12030343. [PMID: 35330342 PMCID: PMC8950746 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12030343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the immune system, and hence inflammation, in the pathophysiology of hypertensive patients is not clear. Until now, most clinical and biochemical parameters have failed to predict a positive response to renal denervation (RDN). Our aim was to evaluate the immune response in a cohort of patients treated by RDN, through the analysis of cytokine, chemokine, and growth factor behavior. A population of 21 resistant hypertension patients, treated by RDN, was evaluated at six months and one year. Response was defined as a drop of ≥5 mmHg in ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Sixty-seven percent and 81% of patients clinically responded after six months and one year, respectively. There were no complications or safety issues. Plasmatic levels of 45 cytokine, chemokine, and growth factors were quantified at four different times, pre- and post-procedure. Baseline characteristics were similar between groups, except that active smoking was more frequent in non-responders at one year. Regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed, and secreted (RANTES/CCL5) levels were significantly lower in responders, both at baseline and at 30 days (p = 0.037), and a level ≤15,496 pg/mL was the optimal cutoff, for prediction of a response. IL-15, IL-17A, IL-27, and leukemia inhibitory factor varied significantly in time, with an acute rise being observed 24 h after RDN. Our group has previously showed that HLA-DR+ double-negative (DN) T cells were significantly lower in responders. There was a positive correlation between IL-13, -27, and -4, and DN T cells, and a negative correlation between the latter and SDF-1α and TNF-α, at baseline. Low plasmatic levels of the chemokine RANTES/CCL5 was the most significant result associated with RDN response and may help to identify the best candidates among patients with true resistant hypertension. Pro-inflammatory cytokines correlated negatively with DN T cells in responders, a finding compatible with an enhanced inflammatory milieu present in this extremely high cardiovascular risk cohort.
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Chemokine CCL9 Is Upregulated Early in Chronic Kidney Disease and Counteracts Kidney Inflammation and Fibrosis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020420. [PMID: 35203629 PMCID: PMC8962359 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and fibrosis play an important pathophysiological role in chronic kidney disease (CKD), with pro-inflammatory mediators and leukocytes promoting organ damage with subsequent fibrosis. Since chemokines are the main regulators of leukocyte chemotaxis and tissue inflammation, we performed systemic chemokine profiling in early CKD in mice. This revealed (C-C motif) ligands 6 and 9 (CCL6 and CCL9) as the most upregulated chemokines, with significantly higher levels of both chemokines in blood (CCL6: 3–4 fold; CCL9: 3–5 fold) as well as kidney as confirmed by Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) in two additional CKD models. Chemokine treatment in a mouse model of early adenine-induced CKD almost completely abolished the CKD-induced infiltration of macrophages and myeloid cells in the kidney without impact on circulating leukocyte numbers. The other way around, especially CCL9-blockade aggravated monocyte and macrophage accumulation in kidney during CKD development, without impact on the ratio of M1-to-M2 macrophages. In parallel, CCL9-blockade raised serum creatinine and urea levels as readouts of kidney dysfunction. It also exacerbated CKD-induced expression of collagen (3.2-fold) and the pro-inflammatory chemokines CCL2 (1.8-fold) and CCL3 (2.1-fold) in kidney. Altogether, this study reveals for the first time that chemokines CCL6 and CCL9 are upregulated early in experimental CKD, with CCL9-blockade during CKD initiation enhancing kidney inflammation and fibrosis.
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10
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Renin-Angiotensin System Induced Secondary Hypertension: The Alteration of Kidney Function and Structure. Int J Nephrol 2021. [PMID: 31628476 PMCID: PMC8505109 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5599754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term hypertension is known as a major risk factor for cardiovascular and chronic kidney disease (CKD). The Renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays a key role in hypertension pathogenesis. Angiotensin II (Ang II) enhancement in Ang II-dependent hypertension leads to progressive CKD and kidney fibrosis. In the two-kidney one-clip model (2K1C), more renin is synthesized in the principal cells of the collecting duct than juxtaglomerular cells (JGCs). An increase of renal Ang I and Ang II levels and a decrease of renal cortical and medullary Ang 1–7 occur in both kidneys of the 2K1C hypertensive rat model. In addition, the activity of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) increases, while ACE2's activity decreases in the medullary region of both kidneys in the 2K1C hypertensive model. Also, the renal prolyl carboxypeptidase (PrCP) expression and its activity reduce in the clipped kidneys. The imbalance in the production of renal ACE, ACE2, and PrCP expression causes the progression of renal injury. Intrarenal angiotensinogen (AGT) expression and urine AGT (uAGT) excretion rates in the unclipped kidney are greater than the clipped kidney in the 2K1C hypertensive rat model. The enhancement of Ang II in the clipped kidney is related to renin secretion, while the elevation of intrarenal Ang II in the unclipped kidney is related to stimulation of AGT mRNA and protein in proximal tubule cells by a direct effect of systemic Ang II level. Ang II-dependent hypertension enhances macrophages and T-cell infiltration into the kidney which increases cytokines, and AGT synthesis in proximal tubules is stimulated via cytokines. Accumulation of inflammatory cells in the kidney aggravates hypertension and renal damage. Moreover, Ang II-dependent hypertension alters renal Ang II type 1 & 2 receptors (AT1R & AT2R) and Mas receptor (MasR) expression, and the renal interstitial fluid bradykinin, nitric oxide, and cGMP response to AT1R, AT2R, or BK B2-receptor antagonists. Based on a variety of sources including PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Science-Direct, in the current review, we will discuss the role of RAS-induced secondary hypertension on the alteration of renal function.
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11
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Carnevale D, Carnevale L, Perrotta S, Pallante F, Migliaccio A, Iodice D, Perrotta M, Lembo G. Chronic 3D Vascular-Immune Interface Established by Coculturing Pressurized Resistance Arteries and Immune Cells. Hypertension 2021; 78:1648-1661. [PMID: 34565186 PMCID: PMC8516815 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.17447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Carnevale
- Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza University" of Rome, Italy (D.C., S.P., M.P., G.L.).,Unit of Neuro and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy (D.C., L.C., F.P., A.M., D.I., G.L.)
| | - Lorenzo Carnevale
- Unit of Neuro and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy (D.C., L.C., F.P., A.M., D.I., G.L.)
| | - Sara Perrotta
- Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza University" of Rome, Italy (D.C., S.P., M.P., G.L.)
| | - Fabio Pallante
- Unit of Neuro and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy (D.C., L.C., F.P., A.M., D.I., G.L.)
| | - Agnese Migliaccio
- Unit of Neuro and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy (D.C., L.C., F.P., A.M., D.I., G.L.)
| | - Daniele Iodice
- Unit of Neuro and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy (D.C., L.C., F.P., A.M., D.I., G.L.)
| | - Marialuisa Perrotta
- Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza University" of Rome, Italy (D.C., S.P., M.P., G.L.)
| | - Giuseppe Lembo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza University" of Rome, Italy (D.C., S.P., M.P., G.L.).,Unit of Neuro and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy (D.C., L.C., F.P., A.M., D.I., G.L.)
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12
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Wen Y, Yan HR, Wang B, Liu BC. Macrophage Heterogeneity in Kidney Injury and Fibrosis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:681748. [PMID: 34093584 PMCID: PMC8173188 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.681748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney macrophages are central in kidney disease pathogenesis and have therapeutic potential in preventing tissue injury and fibrosis. Recent studies highlighted that kidney macrophages are notably heterogeneous immune cells that fulfill opposing functions such as clearing deposited pathogens, maintaining immune tolerance, initiating and regulating inflammatory responses, promoting kidney fibrosis, and degrading the extracellular matrix. Macrophage origins can partially explain macrophage heterogeneity in the kidneys. Circulating Ly6C+ monocytes are recruited to inflammatory sites by chemokines, while self-renewed kidney resident macrophages contribute to kidney repair and fibrosis. The proliferation of resident macrophages or infiltrating monocytes provides an alternative explanation of macrophage accumulation after kidney injury. In addition, dynamic Ly6C expression on infiltrating monocytes accompanies functional changes in handling kidney inflammation and fibrosis. Mechanisms underlying kidney macrophage heterogeneity, either by recruiting monocyte subpopulations, regulating macrophage polarization, or impacting distinctive macrophage functions, may help develop macrophage-targeted therapies for kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wen
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong-Ru Yan
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Bi-Cheng Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Umeoguaju FU, Ephraim-Emmanuel BC, Uba JO, Bekibele GE, Chigozie N, Orisakwe OE. Immunomodulatory and Mechanistic Considerations of Hibiscus sabdariffa (HS) in Dysfunctional Immune Responses: A Systematic Review. Front Immunol 2021; 12:550670. [PMID: 34040600 PMCID: PMC8141557 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.550670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx (HS) water decoction extract is a commonly consumed beverage with various pharmacological properties. This systematic review examines the possible effect of HS intake on immune mediators. The Scopus and PUBMED databases were searched for all human and animal studies that investigated the effect of HS administration on immune related biomarkers. For each of the immune biomarkers, the mean, standard deviation and number of subjects were extracted for both the HS treated and untreated group. These values were used in the computation of standardized mean difference (SMD). Statistical analysis and forest plot were done with R statistical software (version 3.6.1). Twenty seven (27) studies met the eligibility criteria. Twenty two (22) of the studies were used for the meta-analysis which included a total of 1211 subjects. The meta-analysis showed that HS administration significantly lowered the levels of TNF-α (n=10; pooled SMD: -1.55; 95% CI: -2.43, -0.67; P < 0.01), IL-6 (n=11; pooled SMD:-1.09; 95% CI: -1.77, -0.40; P < 0.01), IL-1β (n=7; pooled SMD:-0.62; 95% CI: -1.25, 0.00; P = 0.05), Edema formation (n=4; pooled SMD: -2.29; 95% CI: -4.47, -0.11; P = 0.04), Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein -1 (n=4; pooled SMD: -1.17; 95% CI: -1.78, -0.57; P < 0.01) and Angiotensin converting enzyme cascade (n=6; pooled SMD: -0.91; 95% CI: -1.57, -0.25; P < 0.01). The levels of IL-10 (n=4; pooled SMD: -0.38; 95% CI: -1.67, 0.91; P = 0.56), Interleukin 8 (n=2; pooled SMD:-0.12; 95% CI: -0.76, 0.51; P = 0.71), iNOS (n=2; pooled SMD:-0.69; 95% CI: -1.60, 0.23 P = 0.14) and C- Reactive Protein (n=4; pooled SMD: 0.05; 95% CI: -0.26, 0.36; P = 0.75), were not significantly changed by HS administration. Some of the results had high statistical heterogeneity. HS may be promising in the management of disorders involving hyperactive immune system or chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis U. Umeoguaju
- World Bank Africa Centre of Excellence in Public Health and Toxicological Research (PUTOR), University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Benson C. Ephraim-Emmanuel
- World Bank Africa Centre of Excellence in Public Health and Toxicological Research (PUTOR), University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
- Department of Dental Health Sciences, Ogbia, Bayelsa State College of Health Technology, Otakeme, Nigeria
| | - Joy O. Uba
- World Bank Africa Centre of Excellence in Public Health and Toxicological Research (PUTOR), University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Grace E. Bekibele
- World Bank Africa Centre of Excellence in Public Health and Toxicological Research (PUTOR), University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Nwondah Chigozie
- World Bank Africa Centre of Excellence in Public Health and Toxicological Research (PUTOR), University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Orish Ebere Orisakwe
- World Bank Africa Centre of Excellence in Public Health and Toxicological Research (PUTOR), University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Port Harcourtt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
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14
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Li N, Chen J, Wang P, Fan H, Hou S, Gong Y. Major signaling pathways and key mediators of macrophages in acute kidney injury (Review). Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:455. [PMID: 33880578 PMCID: PMC8072315 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) has become a global public health problem with high morbidity and mortality rates, as well as high healthcare costs. Immune cells, particularly macrophages, which regulate tissue development, destroy pathogens, control homeostasis and repair wounds, play crucial and complex roles in AKI. In various types of AKI, numerous rapidly recruited monocytes and tissue-resident macrophages act in a coordinated manner. Thus, elucidating the phenotypic and functional characteristics of macrophages in AKI is essential for identifying potential therapeutic targets. Macrophage-sensing mediators and macrophage-derived mediators participate in the major macrophage-related signaling pathways in AKI, which regulate macrophage polarization and determine disease progression. In conclusion, macrophages change their roles and regulatory mechanisms during the occurrence and development of AKI. The aim of the present review was to contribute to an improved understanding of AKI and to the identification of novel therapeutic targets for this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Institute of Disaster Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
| | - Jiale Chen
- Institute of Disaster Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
| | - Pengtao Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
| | - Haojun Fan
- Institute of Disaster Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
| | - Shike Hou
- Institute of Disaster Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
| | - Yanhua Gong
- Institute of Disaster Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
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15
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Interleukin 17A: Key Player in the Pathogenesis of Hypertension and a Potential Therapeutic Target. Curr Hypertens Rep 2021; 23:13. [PMID: 33666761 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-021-01128-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To summarize key advances in our understanding of the role of interleukin 17A (IL-17A) in the pathogenesis of hypertension and highlight important areas for future research and clinical translation. RECENT FINDINGS While T helper 17 (Th17) cells are major producers of IL-17A, there are several additional innate and adaptive immune cell sources including gamma-delta T cells, innate lymphoid cells, and natural killer cells. IL-17A promotes an increase in blood pressure through multiple mechanisms including inhibiting endothelial nitric oxide production, increasing reactive oxygen species formation, promoting vascular fibrosis, and enhancing renal sodium retention and glomerular injury. IL-17A production from Th17 cells is increased by high salt conditions in vitro and in vivo. There is also emerging data linking salt, the gut microbiome, and intestinal T cell IL-17A production. Novel therapeutics targeting IL-17A signaling are approved for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and show promise in both animal models of hypertension and human studies. Hypertensive stimuli enhance IL-17A production. IL-17A is a key mediator of renal and vascular dysfunction in hypertensive mouse models and correlates with hypertension in humans. Large randomized clinical trials are needed to determine whether targeting IL-17A might be an effective adjunct treatment for hypertension and its associated end-organ dysfunction.
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16
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Petreski T, Piko N, Ekart R, Hojs R, Bevc S. Review on Inflammation Markers in Chronic Kidney Disease. Biomedicines 2021; 9:182. [PMID: 33670423 PMCID: PMC7917900 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the major health problems of the modern age. It represents an important public health challenge with an ever-lasting rising prevalence, which reached almost 700 million by the year 2017. Therefore, it is very important to identify patients at risk for CKD development and discover risk factors that cause the progression of the disease. Several studies have tackled this conundrum in recent years, novel markers have been identified, and new insights into the pathogenesis of CKD have been gained. This review summarizes the evidence on markers of inflammation and their role in the development and progression of CKD. It will focus primarily on cytokines, chemokines, and cell adhesion molecules. Nevertheless, further large, multicenter studies are needed to establish the role of these markers and confirm possible treatment options in everyday clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadej Petreski
- Department of Nephrology, Clinic for Internal Medicine, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska Ulica 5, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (T.P.); (N.P.); (R.H.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska Ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Nejc Piko
- Department of Nephrology, Clinic for Internal Medicine, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska Ulica 5, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (T.P.); (N.P.); (R.H.)
- Department of Dialysis, Clinic for Internal Medicine, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska Ulica 5, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia;
| | - Robert Ekart
- Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska Ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Department of Dialysis, Clinic for Internal Medicine, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska Ulica 5, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia;
| | - Radovan Hojs
- Department of Nephrology, Clinic for Internal Medicine, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska Ulica 5, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (T.P.); (N.P.); (R.H.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska Ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Sebastjan Bevc
- Department of Nephrology, Clinic for Internal Medicine, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska Ulica 5, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (T.P.); (N.P.); (R.H.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska Ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Macrophages play an important role in regulating homeostasis, kidney injury, repair, and tissue fibrogenesis. The present review will discuss recent advances that explore the novel subsets and functions of macrophage in the pathogenesis of kidney damage and hypertension. RECENT FINDINGS Macrophages differentiate into a variety of subsets in microenvironment-dependent manner. Although the M1/M2 nomenclature is still applied in considering the pro-inflammatory versus anti-inflammatory effects of macrophages in kidney injury, novel, and accurate macrophage phenotypes are defined by flow cytometric markers and single-cell RNA signatures. Studies exploring the crosstalk between macrophages and other cells are rapidly advancing with the additional recognition of exosome trafficking between cells. Using murine conditional mutants, actions of macrophage can be defined more precisely than in bone marrow transfer models. Some studies revealed the opposing effects of the same protein in renal parenchymal cells and macrophages, highlighting a need for the development of cell-specific immune therapies for translation. SUMMARY Macrophage-targeted therapies hold potential for limiting kidney injury and hypertension. To realize this potential, future studies will be required to understand precise mechanisms in macrophage polarization, crosstalk, proliferation, and maturation in the setting of renal disease.
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Mikolajczyk TP, Szczepaniak P, Vidler F, Maffia P, Graham GJ, Guzik TJ. Role of inflammatory chemokines in hypertension. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 223:107799. [PMID: 33359600 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is associated with immune cells activation and their migration into the kidney, vasculature, heart and brain. These inflammatory mechanisms are critical for blood pressure regulation and mediate target organ damage, creating unique novel targets for pharmacological modulation. In response to angiotensin II and other pro-hypertensive stimuli, the expression of several inflammatory chemokines and their receptors is increased in the target organs, mediating homing of immune cells. In this review, we summarize the contribution of key inflammatory chemokines and their receptors to increased accumulation of immune cells in target organs and effects on vascular dysfunction, remodeling, oxidative stress and fibrosis, all of which contribute to blood pressure elevation. In particular, the role of CCL2, CCL5, CXCL8, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, CXCL16, CXCL1, CX3CL1, XCL1 and their receptors in the context of hypertension is discussed. Recent studies have tested the efficacy of pharmacological or genetic targeting of chemokines and their receptors on the development of hypertension. Promising results indicate that some of these pathways may serve as future therapeutic targets to improve blood pressure control and prevent target organ consequences including kidney failure, heart failure, atherosclerosis or cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz P Mikolajczyk
- Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Piotr Szczepaniak
- Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Francesca Vidler
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Pasquale Maffia
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; BHF Centre for Excellence Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Gerard J Graham
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Tomasz J Guzik
- Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland; BHF Centre for Excellence Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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Lu J, Bai Z, Kuang X, Li L. [High-salt exposure induces macrophage polarization to promote proliferation and phenotypic transformation of co-cultured renal fibroblasts]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2020; 40:1472-1479. [PMID: 33118503 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2020.10.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate high-salt exposure-induced polarization of mononuclear macrophages and the changes in proliferation and phenotypic transformation of renal fibroblasts in a co-culture system. METHODS Cultured mononuclear macrophages were exposed to high salt (161 mmol/L Na +) for 2 h and the surface markers of M0, M1 and M2-type macrophages were detected with RT-qPCR. The culture medium of the macrophages in normal and high-salt groups was collected for detection of the mRNA and protein levels of IL-6 and TGF-β1 using RT-qPCR and ELISA. A co-culture system of high salt-exposed macrophages and renal fibroblasts (NRK-49F) was established using a Transwell chamber, and the changes in proliferation and migration of NRK-49F cells were examined using EdU assay and Transwell assay, respectively. Western blotting was performed to detect the expressions of collagen I, collagen III and collagen α-SMA in NRK-49F cells. RESULTS The high salt-exposed macrophages showed significantly increased mRNA levels of M2-type macrophage surface markers mannose receptor and arginase (P < 0.05). The results of EdU and Transwell assays showed that NRK-49F cells co-cultured with high salt-exposed macrophages exhibited significantly increased proliferation and migration ability (P < 0.05). Co-culture with high salt-exposed macrophages resulted in significantly enhanced protein expressions of collagen I, collagen III and α-SMA in NRK-49F cells (P < 0.05) and significantly increased levels of IL-6 and TGF-β1 in the culture medium (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS High-salt exposure induces polarization of mononuclear macrophages into M2-type macrophages and promotes secretion of IL-6 and TGF-β1 by the macrophages to induce the proliferation and phenotypic transformation of NRK-49F cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lu
- Department of Pathology, Zunyi Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Zhixun Bai
- Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Xiaoyan Kuang
- Department of Pathology, Zunyi Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Pathology, Zunyi Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Zunyi 563000, China
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Zhang J, Zhu M, Zhang S, Xie S, Gao Y, Wang Y. Triptolide attenuates renal damage by limiting inflammatory responses in DOCA-salt hypertension. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 89:107035. [PMID: 33045566 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triptolide (TP), a principal bioactive component of traditional Chinese medicine Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. F., has been shown to have immunosuppressive/anti-inflammatory actions in vitro. Moreover, it is well established that inflammatory mechanisms contribute to the progression of hypertension-induced renal injury. Therefore, this study was performed to determine the protective effects of TP on renal injury in salt-sensitive hypertension and to identify the possible mechanisms for TP-induced protection. METHODS Ten-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to uninephrectomy and deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt treatment with or without intraperitoneal administration of various concentrations of TP. RESULTS Five weeks after the treatment, systolic blood pressure measured by tail-cuff plethysmography increased in DOCA-salt-treated mice, but no difference was found between DOCA-salt-treated mice with or without TP treatment. Treatment with TP dose-dependently attenuated increments in urinary albumin and 8-isoprostane excretion, and glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial injury and fibrosis in DOCA-salt-treated mice. Moreover, our data showed that treatment with TP dose-dependently inhibited DOCA-salt-induced interstitial monocyte/macrophage infiltration associated with decreases in renal levels of proinflammatory cytokine/chemokine and adhesion molecule, as well as renal activated NF-κB concentrations. Our results also demonstrated that suppression of inflammatory responses with dexamethasone, an immunosuppressive agent, alleviated DOCA-salt hypertension-induced renal injury. CONCLUSIONS TP treatment induced renal protection associated with inhibition of monocyte/macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses without lowering blood pressure. Thus, our data for the first time indicate that TP treatment ameliorates renal injury possibly via attenuating inflammatory responses in salt-sensitive hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Central Laboratory and Division of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Mingjun Zhu
- Central Laboratory and Division of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Shiyu Zhang
- Central Laboratory and Division of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Shiyang Xie
- Central Laboratory and Division of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Central Laboratory and Division of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Youping Wang
- Central Laboratory and Division of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China.
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21
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Higaki A, Mahmoud AUM, Paradis P, Schiffrin EL. Role of interleukin-23/interleukin-17 axis in T-cell-mediated actions in hypertension. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 117:1274-1283. [PMID: 32870976 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Current knowledge suggests that hypertension is in part mediated by immune mechanisms. Both interleukin (IL)-23 and IL-17 are up-regulated in several experimental hypertensive rodent models, as well as in hypertensive humans in observational studies. Recent preclinical studies have shown that either IL-23 or IL-17A treatment induce blood pressure elevation. However, the IL-23/IL-17 axis has not been a major therapeutic target in hypertension, unlike in other autoimmune diseases. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the role of these cytokines in immune mechanisms contributing to hypertension, and discuss the potential of IL-23/IL-17-targeted therapy for treatment of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ernesto L Schiffrin
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research.,Department of Medicine, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Côte-Ste-Catherine Road, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada
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22
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Alsheikh AJ, Dasinger JH, Abais-Battad JM, Fehrenbach DJ, Yang C, Cowley AW, Mattson DL. CCL2 mediates early renal leukocyte infiltration during salt-sensitive hypertension. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 318:F982-F993. [PMID: 32150444 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00521.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies examining mechanisms of Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) hypertension have implicated the infiltration of leukocytes in the kidneys, which contribute to renal disease and elevated blood pressure. However, the signaling pathways by which leukocytes traffic to the kidneys remain poorly understood. The present study nominated a signaling pathway by analyzing a kidney RNA sequencing data set from SS rats fed either a low-salt (0.4% NaCl) diet or a high-salt (4.0% NaCl) diet. From this analysis, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) and chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 2 (CCR2) were nominated as a potential pathway modifying renal leukocyte infiltration and contributing to SS hypertension. The functional role of the CCL2/CCR2 pathway was tested by daily administration of CCR2 antagonist (RS-102895 at 5 mg·kg-1·day-1 in DMSO) or DMSO vehicle for 3 or 21 days by intraperitoneal injections during the high salt challenge. Blood pressure, renal leukocyte infiltration, and renal damage were evaluated. The results demonstrated that RS-102895 treatment ameliorated renal damage (urinary albumin excretion; 43.4 ± 5.1 vs. 114.7 ± 15.2 mg/day in vehicle, P < 0.001) and hypertension (144.3 ± 2.2 vs. 158.9 ± 4.8 mmHg in vehicle, P < 0.001) after 21 days of high-salt diet. It was determined that renal leukocyte infiltration was blunted by day 3 of the high-salt diet (1.4 ± 0.1 vs. 1.9 ± 0.2 in vehicle × 106 CD45+ cells/kidney, P = 0.034). An in vitro chemotaxis assay validated the effect of RS-102895 on leukocyte chemotaxis toward CCL2. The results suggest that increased CCL2 in SS kidneys is important in the early recruitment of leukocytes, and blockade of this recruitment by administering RS-102895 subsequently blunted the renal damage and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammar J Alsheikh
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - John Henry Dasinger
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Justine M Abais-Battad
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Daniel J Fehrenbach
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Chun Yang
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Allen W Cowley
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - David L Mattson
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
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23
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Zhang Z, Wang Q, Yao J, Zhou X, Zhao J, Zhang X, Dong J, Liao L. Chemokine Receptor 5, a Double-Edged Sword in Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Disease. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:146. [PMID: 32194402 PMCID: PMC7063056 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The key characteristic of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is endothelial dysfunction, which is likely the consequence of inflammation. It is well demonstrated that chemokines and their receptors play a crucial role in regulating inflammatory responses, and recently, much attention has been paid to chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) and its ligands. For example, CCR5 aggravates the inflammatory response in adipose tissue by regulating macrophage recruitment and M1/M2 phenotype switch, thus causing insulin resistance and obesity. Inhibition of CCR5 expression reduces the aggregation of pro-atherogenic cytokines to the site of arterial injury. However, targeting CCR5 is not always effective, and emerging evidence has shown that CCR5 facilitates progenitor cell recruitment and promotes vascular endothelial cell repair. In this paper, we provide recent insights into the role of CCR5 and its ligands in metabolic syndrome as related to cardiovascular disease and the opportunities and roadblocks in targeting CCR5 and its ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwen Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, the First Hospital Affiliated with Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shandong Provincial QianFoShan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qiannan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, the First Hospital Affiliated with Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shandong Provincial QianFoShan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jinming Yao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, the First Hospital Affiliated with Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shandong Provincial QianFoShan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, the First Hospital Affiliated with Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shandong Provincial QianFoShan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Junyu Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, the First Hospital Affiliated with Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shandong Provincial QianFoShan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoqian Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, the First Hospital Affiliated with Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shandong Provincial QianFoShan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jianjun Dong
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lin Liao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, the First Hospital Affiliated with Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shandong Provincial QianFoShan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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24
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Wen Y, Rudemiller NP, Zhang J, Lu X, Ren J, Privratsky JR, Griffiths R, Zhang JJ, Hammer GE, Crowley SD. C-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 7 Exacerbates Hypertension Through Effects on T Lymphocyte Trafficking. Hypertension 2020; 75:869-876. [PMID: 31983306 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.119.14148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Activated T lymphocytes that infiltrate blood pressure control organs make a critical contribution to the pathogenesis of hypertension. Dendritic cells act as potent antigen-presenting cells to stimulate prohypertensive T cells. However, the mechanisms that facilitate the recruitment of prohypertensive T cells and dendritic cells into the kidney's draining lymph node during hypertension require elucidation. As CCR7 (C-C motif chemokine receptor type 7) directs the homing of lymphocytes and dendritic cells into lymph nodes, we posited that dendritic cell-mediated T lymphocyte stimulation in the renal lymph node is CCR7 dependent and required for a full hypertensive response. We found that CCR7-deficient (CCR7 KO) mice had a blunted hypertensive response in our model of chronic Ang II (angiotensin II) infusion. Ang II-infused CCR7 KO animals had exaggerated accumulation of CD8+ T cells in the kidney but reduced numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the kidney's draining lymph node. To understand whether CCR7-dependent homing of T lymphocytes or dendritic cells into the lymph node regulates the hypertensive response, we injected CCR7 KO or wild-type T cells or dendritic cells into CCR7 KO recipients, neither of which restored the full hypertensive response to Ang II infusion. However, adoptive transfer of wild-type but not CCR7 KO T lymphocytes into RAG1 (recombination-activating gene 1)-deficient mice that lack a lymphocyte niche restored full blood pressure elevation during Ang II infusion. Thus, CCR7-dependent interactions between T lymphocytes and dendritic cells are essential for T lymphocyte stimulation and hypertension accruing from inappropriate activation of the renin-angiotensin system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wen
- From the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Durham VA and Duke University Medical Center, NC (Y.W., N.P.R., J.Z., X.L., J.R., R.G., S.D.C.)
| | - Nathan P Rudemiller
- From the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Durham VA and Duke University Medical Center, NC (Y.W., N.P.R., J.Z., X.L., J.R., R.G., S.D.C.)
| | - Jiandong Zhang
- From the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Durham VA and Duke University Medical Center, NC (Y.W., N.P.R., J.Z., X.L., J.R., R.G., S.D.C.)
| | - Xiaohan Lu
- From the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Durham VA and Duke University Medical Center, NC (Y.W., N.P.R., J.Z., X.L., J.R., R.G., S.D.C.)
| | - Jiafa Ren
- From the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Durham VA and Duke University Medical Center, NC (Y.W., N.P.R., J.Z., X.L., J.R., R.G., S.D.C.)
| | - Jamie R Privratsky
- Departments of Anesthesiology (J.R.P.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Robert Griffiths
- From the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Durham VA and Duke University Medical Center, NC (Y.W., N.P.R., J.Z., X.L., J.R., R.G., S.D.C.)
| | - Junyi J Zhang
- Immunology (J.J.Z., G.H.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Gianna E Hammer
- Immunology (J.J.Z., G.H.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC.,Molecular Genetics and Microbiology (G.H.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Steven D Crowley
- From the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Durham VA and Duke University Medical Center, NC (Y.W., N.P.R., J.Z., X.L., J.R., R.G., S.D.C.)
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25
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Plemel JR, Stratton JA, Michaels NJ, Rawji KS, Zhang E, Sinha S, Baaklini CS, Dong Y, Ho M, Thorburn K, Friedman TN, Jawad S, Silva C, Caprariello AV, Hoghooghi V, Yue J, Jaffer A, Lee K, Kerr BJ, Midha R, Stys PK, Biernaskie J, Yong VW. Microglia response following acute demyelination is heterogeneous and limits infiltrating macrophage dispersion. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaay6324. [PMID: 31998844 PMCID: PMC6962036 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay6324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Microglia and infiltrating macrophages are thought to orchestrate the central nervous system (CNS) response to injury; however, the similarities between these cells make it challenging to distinguish their relative contributions. We genetically labeled microglia and CNS-associated macrophages to distinguish them from infiltrating macrophages. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we describe multiple microglia activation states, one of which was enriched for interferon associated signaling. Although blood-derived macrophages acutely infiltrated the demyelinated lesion, microglia progressively monopolized the lesion environment where they surrounded infiltrating macrophages. In the microglia-devoid sciatic nerve, the infiltrating macrophage response was sustained. In the CNS, the preferential proliferation of microglia and sparse microglia death contributed to microglia dominating the lesion. Microglia ablation reversed the spatial restriction of macrophages with the demyelinated spinal cord, highlighting an unrealized macrophages-microglia interaction. The restriction of peripheral inflammation by microglia may be a previously unidentified mechanism by which the CNS maintains its "immune privileged" status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R. Plemel
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Corresponding author. (J.R.P.); (J.B.); (V.W.Y.)
| | - Jo Anne Stratton
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nathan J. Michaels
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Khalil S. Rawji
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Eric Zhang
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sarthak Sinha
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Charbel S. Baaklini
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yifei Dong
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Madelene Ho
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kevin Thorburn
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Timothy N. Friedman
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sana Jawad
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Claudia Silva
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Andrew V. Caprariello
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Vahid Hoghooghi
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Julie Yue
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Arzina Jaffer
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kelly Lee
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Bradley J. Kerr
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Raj Midha
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Peter K. Stys
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jeff Biernaskie
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Corresponding author. (J.R.P.); (J.B.); (V.W.Y.)
| | - V. Wee Yong
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Corresponding author. (J.R.P.); (J.B.); (V.W.Y.)
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26
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Diao W, Chen W, Cao W, Yuan H, Ji H, Wang T, Chen W, Zhu X, Zhou H, Guo H, Zhao X. Astaxanthin protects against renal fibrosis through inhibiting myofibroblast activation and promoting CD8+ T cell recruitment. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2019; 1863:1360-1370. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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27
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Ren J, Zhang J, Rudemiller NP, Griffiths R, Wen Y, Lu X, Privratsky JR, Gunn MD, Crowley SD. Twist1 in Infiltrating Macrophages Attenuates Kidney Fibrosis via Matrix Metallopeptidase 13-Mediated Matrix Degradation. J Am Soc Nephrol 2019; 30:1674-1685. [PMID: 31315922 PMCID: PMC6727252 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2018121253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Following an acute insult, macrophages regulate renal fibrogenesis through the release of various factors that either encourage the synthesis of extracellular matrix synthesis or the degradation of matrix via endocytosis, proteolysis, or both. However, the roles of infiltrating versus resident myeloid cells in these opposing processes require elucidation. The transcription factor Twist1 controls diverse essential cellular functions through induction of several downstream targets, including matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). In macrophages, Twist1 can influence patterns of cytokine generation, but the role of macrophage Twist1 in renal fibrogenesis remains undefined. METHODS To study Twist1 functions in different macrophage subsets during kidney scar formation, we used two conditional mutant mouse models in which Twist1 was selectively ablated either in infiltrating, inflammatory macrophages or in resident tissue macrophages. We assessed fibrosis-related parameters, matrix metallopeptidase 13 (MMP13, or collagen 3, which catalyzes collagen degradation), inflammatory cytokines, and other factors in these Twist1-deficient mice compared with wild-type controls after subjecting the animals to unilateral ureteral obstruction. We also treated wild-type and Twist1-deficient mice with an MMP13 inhibitor after unilateral ureteral obstruction. RESULTS Twist1 in infiltrating inflammatory macrophages but not in resident macrophages limited kidney fibrosis after ureteral obstruction by driving extracellular matrix degradation. Moreover, deletion of Twist1 in infiltrating macrophages attenuated the expression of MMP13 in CD11b+Ly6Clo myeloid cells. Inhibition of MMP13 abrogated the protection from renal fibrosis afforded by macrophage Twist1. CONCLUSIONS Twist1 in infiltrating myeloid cells mitigates interstitial matrix accumulation in the injured kidney by promoting MMP13 production, which drives extracellular matrix degradation. These data highlight the complex cell-specific actions of Twist1 in the pathogenesis of kidney fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiafa Ren
- Divisions of Nephrology and
- Departments of Medicine and
| | | | | | | | - Yi Wen
- Divisions of Nephrology and
- Departments of Medicine and
| | - Xiaohan Lu
- Divisions of Nephrology and
- Departments of Medicine and
| | - Jamie R Privratsky
- Anesthesiology, Durham VA and Duke University Medical Centers, Durham, North Carolina
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28
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The transcription factor Twist1 in the distal nephron but not in macrophages propagates aristolochic acid nephropathy. Kidney Int 2019; 97:119-129. [PMID: 31685313 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2019.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Tubulointerstitial disease in the kidney culminates in renal fibrosis that portents organ failure. Twist1, a basic helix-loop-helix protein 38 transcription factor, regulates several essential biological functions, but inappropriate Twist1 activity in the kidney epithelium can trigger kidney fibrogenesis and chronic kidney disease. By contrast, Twist1 in circulating myeloid cells may constrain inflammatory injury by attenuating cytokine generation. To dissect the effects of Twist1 in kidney tubular versus immune cells on renal inflammation following toxin-induced renal injury, we subjected mice with selective deletion of Twist1 in renal epithelial cells or macrophages to aristolochic acid-induced chronic kidney disease. Ablation of Twist1 in the distal nephron attenuated kidney damage, interstitial fibrosis, and renal inflammation after aristolochic acid exposure. However, macrophage-specific deletion of Twist1 did not impact the development of aristolochic acid-induced nephropathy. In vitro studies confirmed that Twist1 in renal tubular cells underpins their susceptibility to apoptosis and propensity to generate pro-fibrotic mediators in response to aristolochic acid. Moreover, co-culture studies revealed that Twist1 in renal epithelia augmented the recruitment and activation of pro-inflammatory CD64+ macrophages. Thus, Twist1 in the distal nephron rather than in infiltrating macrophages propagates chronic inflammation and fibrogenesis during aristolochic acid-induced nephropathy.
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29
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Ma S, Zhang Y, He K, Wang P, Wang DH. Knockout of TRPA1 exacerbates angiotensin II-induced kidney injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 317:F623-F631. [PMID: 31339777 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00069.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage-mediated inflammation plays a critical role in hypertensive kidney disease. Here, we investigated the role of transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), a sensor of inflammation, in angiotensin II (ANG II)-induced renal injury. Subcutaneous infusion of ANG II (600 ng·min-1·kg-1) for 28 days was used to induce hypertension and renal injury in mice. The results showed that ANG II-induced hypertensive mice have decreased renal Trpa1 expression (P < 0.01), whereas ANG II receptor type 1a-deficient hypotensive mice have increased renal Trpa1 expression (P < 0.05) compared with their normotensive counterparts. ANG II induced similar elevations of systolic blood pressure in Trpa1-/- and wild-type (WT) mice but led to higher levels of blood urea nitrogen (P < 0.05), serum creatinine (P < 0.05), and renal fibrosis (P < 0.01) in Trpa1-/- mice than WT mice. Similarly, ANG II increased both CD68+/inducible nitric oxide synthase+ M1 and CD68+/arginase 1+ M2 macrophages in the kidneys of both Trpa1-/- and WT mice (all P < 0.01), with higher extents in Trpa1-/- mice (both P < 0.01). Compared with WT mice, Trpa1-/- mice had significantly increased expression levels of inflammatory cytokines and their receptors in the kidney. Cultured murine macrophages were stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, which downregulated gene expression of TRPA1 (P < 0.01). A TRPA1 agonist, cinnamaldehyde, significantly inhibited phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-stimulated expression of IL-1β and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 in macrophages, which were attenuated by pretreatment with a TRPA1 antagonist, HC030031. Furthermore, activation of TRPA1 with cinnamaldehyde induced apoptosis of macrophages. These findings suggest that TRPA1 may play a protective role in ANG II-induced renal injury, likely through inhibiting macrophage-mediated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangtao Ma
- Division of Nanomedicine and Molecular Intervention, Department of Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Kecheng He
- Department of Cardiology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Peijian Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Donna H Wang
- Division of Nanomedicine and Molecular Intervention, Department of Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
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30
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Wen Y, Lu X, Ren J, Privratsky JR, Yang B, Rudemiller NP, Zhang J, Griffiths R, Jain MK, Nedospasov SA, Liu BC, Crowley SD. KLF4 in Macrophages Attenuates TNF α-Mediated Kidney Injury and Fibrosis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2019; 30:1925-1938. [PMID: 31337692 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2019020111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polarized macrophage populations can orchestrate both inflammation of the kidney and tissue repair during CKD. Proinflammatory M1 macrophages initiate kidney injury, but mechanisms through which persistent M1-dependent kidney damage culminates in fibrosis require elucidation. Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4), a zinc-finger transcription factor that suppresses inflammatory signals, is an essential regulator of macrophage polarization in adipose tissues, but the effect of myeloid KLF4 on CKD progression is unknown. METHODS We used conditional mutant mice lacking KLF4 or TNFα (KLF4's downstream effector) selectively in myeloid cells to investigate macrophage KLF4's role in modulating CKD progression in two models of CKD that feature robust macrophage accumulation, nephrotoxic serum nephritis, and unilateral ureteral obstruction. RESULTS In these murine CKD models, KLF4 deficiency in macrophages infiltrating the kidney augmented their M1 polarization and exacerbated glomerular matrix deposition and tubular epithelial damage. During the induced injury in these models, macrophage-specific KLF4 deletion also exacerbated kidney fibrosis, with increased levels of collagen 1 and α-smooth muscle actin in the injured kidney. CD11b+Ly6Chi myeloid cells isolated from injured kidneys expressed higher levels of TNFα mRNA versus wild-type controls. In turn, mice bearing macrophage-specific deletion of TNFα exhibited decreased glomerular and tubular damage and attenuated kidney fibrosis in the models. Moreover, treatment with the TNF receptor-1 inhibitor R-7050 during nephrotoxic serum nephritis reduced damage, fibrosis, and necroptosis in wild-type mice and mice with KLF4-deficient macrophages, and abrogated the differences between the two groups in these parameters. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that macrophage KLF4 ameliorates CKD by mitigating TNF-dependent injury and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wen
- Division of Nephrology.,Departments of Medicine and
| | - Xiaohan Lu
- Division of Nephrology.,Departments of Medicine and
| | - Jiafa Ren
- Division of Nephrology.,Departments of Medicine and
| | - Jamie R Privratsky
- Anesthesiology, Durham VA and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Bo Yang
- Division of Nephrology.,Departments of Medicine and
| | | | | | | | - Mukesh K Jain
- Department of Medicine, Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Sergei A Nedospasov
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; and
| | - Bi Cheng Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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31
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Wen Y, Rudemiller NP, Zhang J, Jeffs AD, Griffiths R, Lu X, Ren J, Privratsky J, Crowley SD. Stimulating Type 1 Angiotensin Receptors on T Lymphocytes Attenuates Renal Fibrosis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 189:981-988. [PMID: 31000207 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Most forms of chronic kidney disease culminate in renal fibrosis that heralds organ failure. In contrast to the protective effects of globally blocking type 1 angiotensin (AT1) receptors throughout the body, activating AT1 receptors directly on immune cells may serve protective functions. However, the effects of stimulating the T-cell AT1 receptor on the progression of renal fibrosis remain unknown. In this study, mice with T-cell-specific deletion of the dominant murine AT1 receptor isoform Lck-Cre Agtraflox/flox [total knockout (TKO)] and wild-type (WT) controls were subjected to the unilateral ureteral obstruction model of kidney fibrosis. Compared with WT controls, obstructed kidneys from TKO mice at day 14 had increased collagen 1 deposition. CD4+ T cells, CD11b+Ly6Chi myeloid cells, and mRNA levels of Th1 inflammatory cytokines are elevated in obstructed TKO kidneys, suggesting that augmented Th1 responses in the TKO mice may exaggerate renal fibrosis by driving proinflammatory macrophage differentiation. In turn, T-bet deficient (T-bet knockout) mice lacking Th1 responses have attenuated collagen deposition after unilateral ureteral obstruction. We conclude that activating the AT1 receptor on T cells mitigates renal fibrogenesis by inhibiting Th1 differentiation and renal accumulation of profibrotic macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Medicine, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Centers, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Nathan P Rudemiller
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Medicine, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Centers, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jiandong Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Medicine, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Centers, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Alexander D Jeffs
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Medicine, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Centers, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Robert Griffiths
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Medicine, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Centers, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Xiaohan Lu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Medicine, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Centers, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jiafa Ren
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Medicine, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Centers, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jamie Privratsky
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Steven D Crowley
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Medicine, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Centers, Durham, North Carolina.
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32
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Wen Y, Crowley SD. Renal Effects of Cytokines in Hypertension. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1165:443-454. [PMID: 31399978 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-8871-2_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical studies point to a key role for immune cells in hypertension via augmenting renal injury and/or hypertensive responses. Blood pressure elevation in rheumatologic patients is attenuated by anti-inflammatory therapies. Both the innate and adaptive immune systems contribute to the pathogenesis of hypertension by modulating renal sodium balance, blood flow, and functions of the vasculature and epithelial cells in the kidney. Monocytes/macrophages and T lymphocytes are pivotal mediators of hypertensive responses, while dendritic cells and B lymphocytes can regulate blood pressure indirectly by promoting T lymphocytes activation. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF), interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-17 (IL-17), and interferon-γ (IFN), amplify blood pressure elevation and/or renal injury. By contrast, interleukin-10 (IL-10) protects against renal and vascular function when produced by T helper 2 cells (Th2) and regulatory T cells (Treg). Thus, understanding the renal effects of cytokines in hypertension will provide targets for precise immunotherapies to inhibit targeted organ damage while preserving necessary immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wen
- Division of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University and Durham VA Medical Centers, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Steven D Crowley
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University and Durham VA Medical Centers, Durham, NC, USA.
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33
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Forrester SJ, Booz GW, Sigmund CD, Coffman TM, Kawai T, Rizzo V, Scalia R, Eguchi S. Angiotensin II Signal Transduction: An Update on Mechanisms of Physiology and Pathophysiology. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:1627-1738. [PMID: 29873596 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00038.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 585] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system plays crucial roles in cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology. However, many of the signaling mechanisms have been unclear. The angiotensin II (ANG II) type 1 receptor (AT1R) is believed to mediate most functions of ANG II in the system. AT1R utilizes various signal transduction cascades causing hypertension, cardiovascular remodeling, and end organ damage. Moreover, functional cross-talk between AT1R signaling pathways and other signaling pathways have been recognized. Accumulating evidence reveals the complexity of ANG II signal transduction in pathophysiology of the vasculature, heart, kidney, and brain, as well as several pathophysiological features, including inflammation, metabolic dysfunction, and aging. In this review, we provide a comprehensive update of the ANG II receptor signaling events and their functional significances for potential translation into therapeutic strategies. AT1R remains central to the system in mediating physiological and pathophysiological functions of ANG II, and participation of specific signaling pathways becomes much clearer. There are still certain limitations and many controversies, and several noteworthy new concepts require further support. However, it is expected that rigorous translational research of the ANG II signaling pathways including those in large animals and humans will contribute to establishing effective new therapies against various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Forrester
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - George W Booz
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Curt D Sigmund
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Thomas M Coffman
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Tatsuo Kawai
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Victor Rizzo
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Rosario Scalia
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Satoru Eguchi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
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Ahadzadeh E, Rosendahl A, Czesla D, Steffens P, Prüßner L, Meyer-Schwesinger C, Wanner N, Paust HJ, Huber TB, Stahl RAK, Wiech T, Kurts C, Seniuk A, Ehmke H, Wenzel UO. The chemokine receptor CX 3CR1 reduces renal injury in mice with angiotensin II-induced hypertension. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 315:F1526-F1535. [PMID: 30207169 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00149.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of CX3CR1, also known as fractalkine receptor, in hypertension is unknown. The present study determined the role of the fractalkine receptor CX3CR1 in hypertensive renal and cardiac injury. Expression of CX3CR1 was determined using CX3CR1GFP/+ mice that express a green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter in CX3CR1+ cells. FACS analysis of leukocytes isolated from the kidney showed that 34% of CD45+ cells expressed CX3CR1. Dendritic cells were the majority of positive cells (67%) followed by macrophages (10%), NK cells (6%), and T cells (10%). With the use of confocal microscopy, the receptor was detected in the kidney only on infiltrating cells but not on resident renal cells. To evaluate the role of CX3CR1 in hypertensive end-organ injury, an aggravated model of hypertension was used. Unilateral nephrectomy was performed followed by infusion of angiotensin II (ANG II, 1.5 ng·g-1·min-1) and a high-salt diet in wild-type ( n = 15) and CX3CR1-deficient mice ( n = 18). CX3CR1 deficiency reduced the number of renal dendritic cells and increased the numbers of renal CD11b/F4/80+ macrophages and CD11b/Ly6G+ neutrophils in ANG II-infused mice. Surprisingly, CX3CR1-deficient mice exhibited increased albuminuria, glomerular injury, and reduced podocyte density in spite of similar levels of arterial hypertension. In contrast, cardiac damage as assessed by increased heart weight, cardiac fibrosis, and expression of fetal genes, and matrix components were not different between both genotypes. Our findings suggest that CX3CR1 exerts protective properties by modulating the invasion of inflammatory cells in hypertensive renal injury. CX3CR1 inhibition should be avoided in hypertension because it may promote hypertensive renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erfan Ahadzadeh
- III. Department of Medicine, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg , Germany
| | - Alva Rosendahl
- III. Department of Medicine, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg , Germany
| | - Daniel Czesla
- III. Department of Medicine, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg , Germany
| | - Paula Steffens
- III. Department of Medicine, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg , Germany
| | - Lennard Prüßner
- III. Department of Medicine, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg , Germany
| | | | - Nicola Wanner
- III. Department of Medicine, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg , Germany
| | - Hans Joachim Paust
- III. Department of Medicine, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg , Germany
| | - Tobias B Huber
- III. Department of Medicine, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg , Germany
| | - Rolf A K Stahl
- III. Department of Medicine, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg , Germany
| | - Thorsten Wiech
- Department of Nephropathology University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Kurts
- Institutes of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University , Bonn , Germany
| | - Anika Seniuk
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Heimo Ehmke
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ulrich O Wenzel
- III. Department of Medicine, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg , Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Inflammatory cytokines contribute to the pathogenesis of hypertension through effects on renal blood flow and sodium handling. This review will update recent advances that explore the renal actions of immune cells and cytokines in the pathogenesis of hypertension. RECENT FINDINGS Populations of cells from both the innate and adaptive immune systems contribute to hypertension by modulating functions of the vasculature and epithelial cells in the kidney. Macrophages and T lymphocytes can directly regulate the hypertensive response and consequent target organ damage. Dendritic cells and B lymphocytes can alter blood pressure (BP) indirectly by facilitating T-cell activation. Proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin 17, interleukin 1, and interferon-γ augment BP and/or renal injury when produced by T helper 1 cells, T helper 17 cells, and macrophages. In contrast, interleukin 10 improves vascular and renal functions in preclinical hypertension studies. The effects of transforming growth factor-β are complex because of its profibrotic and immunosuppressive functions that also depend on the localization and concentration of this pleiotropic cytokine. SUMMARY Preclinical studies point to a key role for cytokines in hypertension via their actions in the kidney. Consistent with this notion, anti-inflammatory therapies can attenuate BP elevation in human patients with rheumatologic disease. Conversely, impaired natriuresis may further polarize both T lymphocytes and macrophages toward a proinflammatory state, in a pathogenic, feed-forward loop of immune activation and BP elevation. Understanding the precise renal actions of cytokines in hypertension will be necessary to inhibit cytokine-dependent hypertensive responses while preserving systemic immunity and tumor surveillance.
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36
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Caillon A, Paradis P, Schiffrin EL. Role of immune cells in hypertension. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 176:1818-1828. [PMID: 29952002 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory processes have been shown to play an important role in the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Innate and adaptive immune responses participate in BP elevation and end-organ damage. Here, we discuss recent studies focusing on novel inflammatory and immune mechanisms that play roles in BP elevation. Different subpopulations of cells involved in innate and adaptive immune responses, such as dendritic cells, monocytes/macrophages and NK cells, on the one hand, and B and T lymphocytes, on the other, contribute to the vascular and kidney injury in hypertension. Unconventional innate-like T cells such as γδ T cells also participate in hypertensive mechanisms by priming both innate and adaptive immune cells, contributing to trigger vascular inflammation and BP elevation. These cells exert their effects in part via production of various cytokines including pro-inflammatory IFN-γ and IL-17 and anti-inflammatory IL-10. The present review summarizes some of these immune mechanisms that participate in the pathophysiology of hypertension. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on Immune Targets in Hypertension. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.12/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Caillon
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Pierre Paradis
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ernesto L Schiffrin
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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37
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Huang L, Wang A, Hao Y, Li W, Liu C, Yang Z, Zheng F, Zhou MS. Macrophage Depletion Lowered Blood Pressure and Attenuated Hypertensive Renal Injury and Fibrosis. Front Physiol 2018; 9:473. [PMID: 29867533 PMCID: PMC5949360 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Monocyte/macrophage recruitment is closely associated with the degree of hypertensive renal injury. We investigated the direct role of macrophages using liposome-encapsulated clodronate (LEC) to deplete monocytes/macrophages in hypertensive renal injury. C57BL/6 mice were treated with a pressor dose of angiotensin (Ang, 1.4 mg/kg/day) II plus LEC or the PBS-liposome for 2 weeks. Ang II mice developed hypertension, albuminuria, glomerulosclerosis, and renal fibrosis. LEC treatment reduced systolic blood pressure (SBP), albuminuria, and protected against renal structural injury in Ang II mice. Ang II significantly increased renal macrophage infiltration (MOMA2+ cells) and the expression of renal tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin β1, which were significantly reduced in Ang II/LEC mice. Ang II increased renal oxidative stress and the expression of profibrotic factors transforming growth factor (TGF) β1 and fibronectin. Ang II also inhibited the phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase [phospho-endothelial nitric oxide synthesis (eNOS), ser1177]. LEC treatment reduced renal oxidative stress and TGFβ1 and fibronectin expressions, and increased phospho-eNOS expression in the Ang II mice. In Dahl rats of salt-sensitive hypertension, LEC treatment for 4 weeks significantly attenuated the elevation of SBP induced by high salt intake and protected against renal injury and fibrosis. Our results demonstrate that renal macrophages play a critical role in the development of hypertension and hypertensive renal injury and fibrosis; the underlying mechanisms may be involved in the reduction in macrophage-driven renal inflammation and restoration of the balance between renal oxidative stress and eNOS. Therefore, macrophages should be considered as a potential therapeutic target to reduce the adverse consequences of hypertensive renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Huang
- Department of Physiology, Shenyang Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Physiology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Aimei Wang
- Department of Physiology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Yun Hao
- Department of Physiology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Weihong Li
- Department of Physiology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Zhihang Yang
- Department of Physiology, Shenyang Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Feng Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Ming-Sheng Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Shenyang Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Physiology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
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Liu W, Gong W, He M, Liu Y, Yang Y, Wang M, Wu M, Guo S, Yu Y, Wang X, Sun F, Li Y, Zhou L, Qin S, Zhang Z. Spironolactone Protects against Diabetic Cardiomyopathy in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. J Diabetes Res 2018; 2018:9232065. [PMID: 30406151 PMCID: PMC6204188 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9232065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Spironolactone (SPR) has been shown to protect diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), but the specific mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we determined the cardioprotective role of SPR in diabetic mice and further explored the potential mechanisms in both in vivo and in vitro models. Streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced diabetic rats were used as the in vivo model. After the onset of diabetes, rats were treated with either SPR (STZ + SPR) or saline (STZ + NS) for 12 weeks; nondiabetic rats were used as controls (NDCs). In vitro, H9C2 cells were exposed to aldosterone, with or without SPR. Cardiac structure was investigated with transmission electron microscopy and pathological examination; immunohistochemistry was performed to detect nitrotyrosine, collagen-1, TGF-β1, TNF-α, and F4/80 expression; and gene expression of markers for oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis, and energy metabolism was detected. Our results suggested that SPR attenuated mitochondrial morphological abnormalities and sarcoplasmic reticulum enlargement in diabetic rats. Compared to the STZ + NS group, cardiac oxidative stress, fibrosis, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction were improved by SPR treatment. Our study showed that SPR had cardioprotective effects in diabetic rats by ameliorating mitochondrial dysfunction and reducing fibrosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation. This study, for the first time, indicates that SPR might be a potential treatment for DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Liu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Wei Gong
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Min He
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yemei Liu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second People's Hospital, 4 Duchun Road, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, China
| | - Yeping Yang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Meng Wu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Rd, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, China
| | - Shizhe Guo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yifei Yu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Xuanchun Wang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Fei Sun
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yiming Li
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Linuo Zhou
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Shengmei Qin
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhaoyun Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
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39
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Abouelkheir GR, Upchurch BD, Rutkowski JM. Lymphangiogenesis: fuel, smoke, or extinguisher of inflammation's fire? Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2017; 242:884-895. [PMID: 28346012 DOI: 10.1177/1535370217697385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphangiogenesis is a recognized hallmark of inflammatory processes in tissues and organs as diverse as the skin, heart, bowel, and airways. In clinical and animal models wherein the signaling processes of lymphangiogenesis are manipulated, most studies demonstrate that an expanded lymphatic vasculature is necessary for the resolution of inflammation. The fundamental roles that lymphatics play in fluid clearance and immune cell trafficking from the periphery make these results seemingly obvious as a mechanism of alleviating locally inflamed environments: the lymphatics are simply providing a drain. Depending on the tissue site, lymphangiogenic mechanism, or induction timeframe, however, evidence shows that inflammation-associated lymphangiogenesis (IAL) may worsen the pathology. Recent studies have identified lymphatic endothelial cells themselves to be local regulators of immune cell activity and its consequential phenotypes - a more active role in inflammation regulation than previously thought. Indeed, results focusing on the immunocentric roles of peripheral lymphatic function have revealed that the basic drainage task of lymphatic vessels is a complex balance of locally processed and transported antigens as well as interstitial cytokine and immune cell signaling: an interplay that likely defines the function of IAL. This review will summarize the latest findings on how IAL impacts a series of disease states in various tissues in both preclinical models and clinical studies. This discussion will serve to highlight some emerging areas of lymphatic research in an attempt to answer the question relevant to an array of scientists and clinicians of whether IAL helps to fuel or extinguish inflammation. Impact statement Inflammatory progression is present in acute and chronic tissue pathologies throughout the body. Lymphatic vessels play physiological roles relevant to all medical fields as important regulators of fluid balance, immune cell trafficking, and immune identity. Lymphangiogenesis is often concurrent with inflammation and can potentially aide or worsen disease progression. How new lymphatic vessels impact inflammation and by which mechanism is an important consideration in current and future clinical therapies targeting inflammation and/or vasculogenesis. This review identifies, across a range of tissue-specific pathologies, the current understanding of inflammation-associated lymphangiogenesis in the progression or resolution of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella R Abouelkheir
- 1 Division of Lymphatic Biology, Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M College of Medicine, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Bradley D Upchurch
- 1 Division of Lymphatic Biology, Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M College of Medicine, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Joseph M Rutkowski
- 1 Division of Lymphatic Biology, Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M College of Medicine, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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40
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The role of chemokines in hypertension and consequent target organ damage. Pharmacol Res 2017; 119:404-411. [PMID: 28279813 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Immune cells infiltrate the kidney, vasculature, and central nervous system during hypertension, consequently amplifying tissue damage and/or blood pressure elevation. Mononuclear cell motility depends partly on chemokines, which are small cytokines that guide cells through an increasing concentration gradient via ligation of their receptors. Tissue expression of several chemokines is elevated in clinical and experimental hypertension. Likewise, immune cells have enhanced chemokine receptor expression during hypertension, driving immune cell infiltration and inappropriate inflammation in cardiovascular control centers. T lymphocytes and monocytes/macrophages are pivotal mediators of hypertensive inflammation, and these cells migrate in response to several chemokines. As powerful drivers of diapedesis, the chemokines CCL2 and CCL5 have long been implicated in hypertension, but experimental data highlight divergent, context-specific effects of these chemokines on blood pressure and tissue injury. Several other chemokines, particularly those of the CXC family, contribute to blood pressure elevation and target organ damage. Given the significant interplay and chemotactic redundancy among chemokines during disease, future work must not only describe the actions of individual chemokines in hypertension, but also characterize how manipulating a single chemokine modulates the expression and/or function of other chemokines and their cognate receptors. This information will facilitate the design of precise chemotactic immunotherapies to limit cardiovascular and renal morbidity in hypertensive patients.
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