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Herrnreiter CJ, Luck ME, Cannon AR, Li X, Choudhry MA. Reduced Expression of miR-146a Potentiates Intestinal Inflammation following Alcohol and Burn Injury. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:881-893. [PMID: 38189569 PMCID: PMC10922766 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNA molecules that negatively regulate gene expression. Within the intestinal epithelium, miRNAs play a critical role in gut homeostasis, and aberrant miRNA expression has been implicated in various disorders associated with intestinal inflammation and barrier disruption. In this study, we sought to profile changes in intestinal epithelial cell miRNA expression after alcohol and burn injury and elucidate their impact on inflammation and barrier integrity. Using a mouse model of acute ethanol intoxication and burn injury, we found that small intestinal epithelial cell expression of miR-146a is significantly decreased 1 d following injury. Using in vitro studies, we show that reduced miR-146a promotes intestinal epithelial cell inflammation by promoting p38 MAPK signaling via increased levels of its target TRAF6 (TNFR-associated factor 6). Furthermore, we demonstrate that in vivo miR-146a overexpression significantly inhibits intestinal inflammation 1 d following combined injury and potentially supports intestinal barrier homeostasis. Overall, this study highlights the important impact that miRNA expression can have on intestinal homeostasis and the valuable potential of harnessing aberrant miRNA expression as a therapeutic target to control intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline J. Herrnreiter
- Biochemistry, Molecular and Cancer Biology Program, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
- Burn & Shock Trauma Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
- Alcohol Research Program, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
- Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Marisa E. Luck
- Burn & Shock Trauma Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
- Alcohol Research Program, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
- Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Abigail R. Cannon
- Burn & Shock Trauma Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
- Alcohol Research Program, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
- Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Burn & Shock Trauma Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
- Alcohol Research Program, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
- Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Mashkoor A. Choudhry
- Burn & Shock Trauma Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
- Alcohol Research Program, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
- Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
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Khair S, Walrath TM, Curtis BJ, Orlicky DJ, McMahan RH, Kovacs EJ. Ethanol exacerbates pulmonary complications after burn injury in mice, regardless of frequency of ethanol exposures. Burns 2023; 49:1935-1943. [PMID: 37574341 PMCID: PMC10811296 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2023.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Burn injuries are associated with significant morbidity and mortality, and lungs are the most common organ to fail. Interestingly, patients with alcohol intoxication at the time of burn have worse clinical outcomes, including pulmonary complications. Using a clinically relevant murine model, we have previously reported that episodic ethanol exposure before burn exacerbated lung inflammation. Specifically, intoxicated burned mice had worsened pulmonary responses, including increased leukocyte infiltration and heightened levels of CXCL1 and IL-6. Herein, we examined whether a single binge ethanol exposure before scald burn injury yields similar pulmonary responses. C57BL/6 male mice were given ethanol (1.2 g/kg) 30 min before a 15 % total body surface area burn. These mice were compared to a second cohort given episodic ethanol binge for a total of 6 days (3 days ethanol, 4 days rest, 3 days ethanol) prior to burn injury. 24 h after burn, histopathological examination of lungs were performed. In addition, survival, and levels of infiltrating leukocytes, CXCL1, and IL-6 were quantified. Episodic and single ethanol exposure before burn decreased survival compared to burn only mice and sham vehicle mice, respectively (p < 0.05). However, no difference in survival was observed between burned mice with single and episodic ethanol binge. Examination of H&E-stained lung sections revealed that regardless of ethanol binge frequency, intoxication prior to burn worsened pulmonary inflammation, evidenced by elevated granulocyte accumulation and congestion, relative to burned mice without any ethanol exposure. Levels of infiltrating granulocyte in the lungs were significantly higher in burned mice with both episodic and single ethanol intoxication, compared to burn injury only (p < 0.05). In addition, there was no difference in the granulocyte count between single and ethanol binge mice with burn injury. Neutrophil chemoattractant CXCL1 levels in the lung were similarly increased following single and episodic ethanol exposure prior to burn compared to burn alone (22-fold and 26-fold respectively, p < 0.05). Lastly, we assessed pulmonary IL-6, which revealed that irrespective of frequency, ethanol exposure combined with burn injury raised pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 in the lungs relative to burn mice. Again, we did not find any difference in the amount of IL-6 in lungs of burned mice with single and episodic ethanol intoxication. Taken altogether, these data demonstrate that both single and episodic exposure to ethanol prior to burn injury similarly worsens pulmonary inflammation. These results suggest that ethanol-induced exacerbation of the pulmonary responses to burn injury is due to presence of ethanol at the time of injury rather than longer-term effects of ethanol exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanawaj Khair
- Department of Surgery, Division of GI, Trauma, and Endocrine Surgery, and Alcohol Research Program, Burn Research Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Travis M Walrath
- Department of Surgery, Division of GI, Trauma, and Endocrine Surgery, and Alcohol Research Program, Burn Research Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Brenda J Curtis
- Department of Surgery, Division of GI, Trauma, and Endocrine Surgery, and Alcohol Research Program, Burn Research Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - David J Orlicky
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Rachel H McMahan
- Department of Surgery, Division of GI, Trauma, and Endocrine Surgery, and Alcohol Research Program, Burn Research Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Veterans Health Administration, Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center (RMRVAMC), Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Kovacs
- Department of Surgery, Division of GI, Trauma, and Endocrine Surgery, and Alcohol Research Program, Burn Research Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Veterans Health Administration, Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center (RMRVAMC), Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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Shalchi-Amirkhiz P, Bensch T, Proschmann U, Stock AK, Ziemssen T, Akgün K. Pilot study on the influence of acute alcohol exposure on biophysical parameters of leukocytes. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1243155. [PMID: 37614440 PMCID: PMC10442941 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1243155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: This pilot study explores the influence of acute alcohol exposure on cell mechanical properties of steady-state and activated leukocytes conducted with real-time deformability cytometry. Methods: Nineteen healthy male volunteers were enrolled to investigate the effect of binge drinking on biophysical properties and cell counts of peripheral blood leukocytes. Each participant consumed an individualized amount of alcohol to achieve a blood alcohol concentration of 1.2 ‰ as a mean peak. In addition, we also incubated whole blood samples from healthy donors with various ethanol concentrations and performed stimulation experiments using lipopolysaccharide and CytoStim™ in the presence of ethanol. Results: Our findings indicate that the biophysical properties of steady-state leukocytes are not significantly affected by a single episode of binge drinking within the first two hours. However, we observed significant alterations in relative cell counts and a shift toward a memory T cell phenotype. Moreover, exposure to ethanol during stimulation appears to inhibit the cytoskeleton reorganization of monocytes, as evidenced by a hindered increase in cell deformability. Conclusion: Our observations indicate the promising potential of cell mechanical analysis in understanding the influence of ethanol on immune cell functions. Nevertheless, additional investigations in this field are warranted to validate biophysical properties as biomarkers or prognostic indicators for alcohol-related changes in the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puya Shalchi-Amirkhiz
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tristan Bensch
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Undine Proschmann
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Stock
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine of the TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Biopsychology, Department of Psychology, School of Science, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tjalf Ziemssen
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Katja Akgün
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
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Hlela M, du Toit C, Davies B. The Role of Alcohol and Drug Intoxication in Fire-Related Incidents in Africa: A Systematic Review. ANNALS OF BURNS AND FIRE DISASTERS 2022; 35:278-299. [PMID: 38680625 PMCID: PMC11041902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Fire-related burns contribute significantly to the global burden of burn injury and mortality. Alcohol and/or drug intoxication poses a risk to burn and fire-related injury, whether intentional or unintentional, but such evidence is scarce in the African context. This review aimed to fill the knowledge gap on health determinants of fire-related morbidity and mortality regionally by investigating the role of alcohol and drug intoxication in such events. Using key concepts, an extensive search was performed on 25 databases for relevant publications. Eligible articles were critically appraised using the appraisal tool for cross-sectional studies (AXIS tool), adapted to the review's objectives and outcomes. A total of 42 articles were included, of which less than half were solely investigating burn/fire-related events. Others indirectly mentioned burn injuries as part of larger health burdens such as injury, trauma, violence and other diseases. The measurement of alcohol and/or drug intoxication was inconsistent between studies with varying results. Alcohol and drug impairment in burn incidents in Africa requires evidence-based epidemiological research, and this review illustrated the limited scope of this topic in current literature. Routine toxicological results from post-mortem examinations were identified as important data sources and several research recommendations were provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.B.K.M. Hlela
- Forensic Toxicology Unit, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Hulsebus HJ, Najarro KM, McMahan RH, Boe DM, Orlicky DJ, Kovacs EJ. Ethanol Intoxication Impairs Respiratory Function and Bacterial Clearance and Is Associated With Neutrophil Accumulation in the Lung After Streptococcus pneumoniae Infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:884719. [PMID: 35603143 PMCID: PMC9116899 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.884719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol consumption is commonplace in the United States and its prevalence has increased in recent years. Excessive alcohol use is linked to an increased risk of infections including pneumococcal pneumonia, mostly commonly caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. In addition, pneumonia patients with prior alcohol use often require more intensive treatment and longer hospital stays due to complications of infection. The initial respiratory tract immune response to S. pneumoniae includes the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines by resident cells in the upper and lower airways which activate and recruit leukocytes to the site of infection. However, this inflammation must be tightly regulated to avoid accumulation of toxic by-products and subsequent tissue damage. A majority of previous work on alcohol and pneumonia involve animal models utilizing high concentrations of ethanol or chronic exposure and offer conflicting results about how ethanol alters immunity to pathogens. Further, animal models often employ a high bacterial inoculum which may overwhelm the immune system and obscure results, limiting their applicability to the course of human infection. Here, we sought to determine how a more moderate ethanol exposure paradigm affects respiratory function and innate immunity in mice after intranasal infection with 104 colony forming units of S. pneumoniae. Ethanol-exposed mice displayed respiratory dysfunction and impaired bacterial clearance after infection compared to their vehicle-exposed counterparts. This altered response was associated with increased gene expression of neutrophil chemokines Cxcl1 and Cxcl2 in whole lung homogenates, elevated concentrations of circulating granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), and higher neutrophil numbers in the lung 24 hours after infection. Taken together, these findings suggest that even a more moderate ethanol consumption pattern can dramatically modulate the innate immune response to S. pneumoniae after only 3 days of ethanol exposure and provide insight into possible mechanisms related to the compromised respiratory immunity seen in alcohol consumers with pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly J Hulsebus
- Department of Surgery, Division of GI, Trauma and Endocrine Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.,Immunology Graduate Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Kevin M Najarro
- Department of Surgery, Division of GI, Trauma and Endocrine Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Rachel H McMahan
- Department of Surgery, Division of GI, Trauma and Endocrine Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Devin M Boe
- Department of Surgery, Division of GI, Trauma and Endocrine Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.,Immunology Graduate Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - David J Orlicky
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Elizabeth J Kovacs
- Department of Surgery, Division of GI, Trauma and Endocrine Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.,Immunology Graduate Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
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McMahan RH, Hulsebus HJ, Najarro KM, Giesy LE, Frank DN, Orlicky DJ, Kovacs EJ. Age-Related Intestinal Dysbiosis and Enrichment of Gut-specific Bacteria in the Lung Are Associated With Increased Susceptibility to Streptococcus pneumoniae Infection in Mice. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 3:859991. [PMID: 35392033 PMCID: PMC8986162 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2022.859991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The portion of the global population that is over the age of 65 is growing rapidly and this presents a number of clinical complications, as the aged population is at higher risk for various diseases, including infection. For example, advanced age is a risk factor for heightened morbidity and mortality following infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae. This increased vulnerability is due, at least in part, to age-related dysregulation of the immune response, a phenomenon termed immunosenescence. However, our understanding of the mechanisms influencing the immunosenescent state and its effects on the innate immune response to pneumonia remain incomplete. Recently, a role for the gut microbiome in age-specific alterations in immunity has been described. Here, we utilized a murine model of intranasal Streptococcus pneumoniae infection to investigate the effects of age on both the innate immune response and the intestinal microbial populations after infection. In aged mice, compared to their younger counterparts, infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae led to increased mortality, impaired lung function and inadequate bacterial control. This poor response to infection was associated with increased influx of neutrophils into the lungs of aged mice 24 h after infection. The exacerbated pulmonary immune response was not associated with increased pro-inflammatory cytokines in the lung compared to young mice but instead heightened expression of immune cell recruiting chemokines by lung neutrophils. Bacterial 16S-rRNA gene sequencing of the fecal microbiome of aged and young-infected mice revealed expansion of Enterobacteriaceae in the feces of aged, but not young mice, after infection. We also saw elevated levels of gut-derived bacteria in the lung of aged-infected mice, including the potentially pathogenic symbiote Escherichia coli. Taken together, these results reveal that, when compared to young mice, Streptococcus pneumoniae infection in age leads to increased lung neutrophilia along with potentially pathogenic alterations in commensal bacteria and highlight potential mechanistic targets contributing to the increased morbidity and mortality observed in infections in age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel H. McMahan
- Department of Surgery, Division of GI, Trauma and Endocrine Surgery, and Alcohol Research Program, Burn Research Program, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
- GI and Liver Innate Immune Program, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Holly J. Hulsebus
- Department of Surgery, Division of GI, Trauma and Endocrine Surgery, and Alcohol Research Program, Burn Research Program, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
- Immunology Graduate Program, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Kevin M. Najarro
- Department of Surgery, Division of GI, Trauma and Endocrine Surgery, and Alcohol Research Program, Burn Research Program, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Lauren E. Giesy
- Department of Surgery, Division of GI, Trauma and Endocrine Surgery, and Alcohol Research Program, Burn Research Program, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Daniel N. Frank
- GI and Liver Innate Immune Program, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - David J. Orlicky
- GI and Liver Innate Immune Program, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Elizabeth J. Kovacs
- Department of Surgery, Division of GI, Trauma and Endocrine Surgery, and Alcohol Research Program, Burn Research Program, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
- GI and Liver Innate Immune Program, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
- Immunology Graduate Program, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
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Human Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Alleviate Acute Lung Injury Caused by Severe Burn via Secreting TSG-6 and Inhibiting Inflammatory Response. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:8661689. [PMID: 35222649 PMCID: PMC8881119 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8661689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To investigate whether hUC-MSCs attenuated severe burn-induced ALI and the effects were based on TSG-6 secreted from hUC-MSCs. Method A rat model was established and evaluated as follows: cytokine expression was measured by ELISA, and both inflammatory cell infiltration and lung injury were assessed by immunohistochemistry assay. Results In vitro, TSG-6 levels in serum from the burn group were significantly increased compared with those from the sham group. In vivo, TSG-6 levels of lung tissues and serum in the burn+hUC-MSC group were significantly increased compared with those in the burn group. Both in lung tissues and in serum, increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) were remarkably decreased, but the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 increased after hUC-MSC administration (p < 0.05). These significant positive effects after hUC-MSC transplantation did not occur in the burn+siTSG-6 group. Conclusion The intratracheal implantation of hUC-MSCs has been an effective treatment for severe burn-induced ALI via promoting TSG-6 secretion and inhibiting inflammatory reaction in lung tissue.
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Integrated analysis of dysregulated microRNA and mRNA expression in intestinal epithelial cells following ethanol intoxication and burn injury. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20213. [PMID: 34642361 PMCID: PMC8510995 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99281-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut barrier dysfunction is often implicated in pathology following alcohol intoxication and burn injury. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are negative regulators of gene expression that play a central role in gut homeostasis, although their role after alcohol and burn injury is poorly understood. We performed an integrated analysis of miRNA and RNA sequencing data to identify a network of interactions within small intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) which could promote gut barrier disruption. Mice were gavaged with ~ 2.9 g/kg ethanol and four hours later given a ~ 12.5% TBSA full thickness scald injury. One day later, IECs were harvested and total RNA extracted for RNA-seq and miRNA-seq. RNA sequencing showed 712 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (padj < 0.05) in IECs following alcohol and burn injury. Furthermore, miRNA sequencing revealed 17 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) (padj < 0.1). Utilizing the miRNet, miRDB and TargetScan databases, we identified both validated and predicted miRNA gene targets. Integration of small RNA sequencing data with mRNA sequencing results identified correlated changes in miRNA and target expression. Upregulated miRNAs were associated with decreased proliferation (miR-98-3p and miR-381-3p) and cellular adhesion (miR-29a-3p, miR-429-3p and miR3535), while downregulated miRNAs were connected to upregulation of apoptosis (Let-7d-5p and miR-130b-5p) and metabolism (miR-674-3p and miR-185-5p). Overall, these findings suggest that alcohol and burn injury significantly alters the mRNA and miRNA expression profile of IECs and reveals numerous miRNA–mRNA interactions that regulate critical pathways for gut barrier function after alcohol and burn injury.
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Abstract
ABSTRACT Burn injuries are a common form of traumatic injury that leads to significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Burn injuries are characterized by inflammatory processes and alterations in numerous organ systems and functions. Recently, it has become apparent that the gastrointestinal bacterial microbiome is a key component of regulating the immune response and recovery from burn and can also contribute to significant detrimental sequelae after injury, such as sepsis and multiple organ failure. Microbial dysbiosis has been linked to multiple disease states; however, its role in exacerbating acute traumatic injuries, such as burn, is poorly understood. In this article, we review studies that document changes in the intestinal microbiome after burn injury, assess the implications in post-burn pathogenesis, and the potential for further discovery and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa E. Luck
- Burn & Shock Trauma Research Institute, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
- Alcohol Research Program, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
- Integrative Cell Biology Program, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Caroline J. Herrnreiter
- Burn & Shock Trauma Research Institute, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
- Alcohol Research Program, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Program, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Mashkoor A. Choudhry
- Burn & Shock Trauma Research Institute, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
- Alcohol Research Program, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
- Department of Surgery, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
- Integrative Cell Biology Program, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Program, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
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Idrovo JP, Shults JA, Curtis BJ, Chen MM, Kovacs EJ. Alcohol Intoxication and the Postburn Gastrointestinal Hormonal Response. J Burn Care Res 2020; 40:785-791. [PMID: 31102437 DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/irz083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal hormones are essential in postburn metabolism. Since near 50% of burn victims test positive for blood alcohol levels at hospital admission and have inferior outcomes compared to nonintoxicated burn patients; we hypothesized that the gastrointestinal hormone secretion is compromised in intoxicated burn victims. To test our theory, we quantified gastrointestinal hormones serum levels in a combine ethanol intoxication and burn injury mouse model. Thus, mice received a daily dose of ethanol for 3 days, rested 4 days, and were given ethanol 3 additional days. Mice underwent 15% TBSA scald burn 30 minutes after their last ethanol dose. Serum samples were collected 24 hours after burn injury. Nonintoxicated burned mice exhibited an increase in glucose, insulin, ghrelin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, leptin, and resistin by 1.4-, 3-, 13.5-, 6.2-, 9.4-, and 2.4-fold, respectively, compared to sham vehicle mice (P < .05). Burn injury also reduced serum gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) by 32% compared to sham-injured, vehicle-treated mice. Leptin, resistin, glucagon-like peptide-1, as well as insulin, were not different from sham groups when intoxication preceded burn injury. Nevertheless, in burned mice treated with ethanol, gastric inhibitory polypeptide and glucagon serum levels exhibited a significant fold increase of 3.5 and 4.7, respectively. With these results, we conclude that 24 hours after burn injury, mice developed significant changes in gastrointestinal hormones, along with hyperglycemia. Moreover, the combined insult of burn and ethanol intoxication led to additional hormonal changes that may be attributed to a potential pancreatic dysfunction. Further multiday studies are required to investigate the etiology, behavior, and clinical significance of these hormonal changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Pablo Idrovo
- Division of GI, Trauma and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Burn Research and Alcohol Research Programs, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jill A Shults
- Department of Surgery, Alcohol Research Program, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Brenda J Curtis
- Division of GI, Trauma and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Burn Research and Alcohol Research Programs, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Michael M Chen
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Elizabeth J Kovacs
- Division of GI, Trauma and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Burn Research and Alcohol Research Programs, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora, Colorado
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Pruett S, Tan W, Howell GE, Nanduri B. Dosage scaling of alcohol in binge exposure models in mice: An empirical assessment of the relationship between dose, alcohol exposure, and peak blood concentrations in humans and mice. Alcohol 2020; 89:9-17. [PMID: 32259574 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2020.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Binge drinking is a remarkably prevalent behavior. In 2015, 27% of U.S. residents 18 years old or older reported at least one episode of binge drinking in the previous month. Rodent models for binge drinking are widely used to study the mechanisms by which alcohol causes a variety of adverse health effects in humans. Concerns have been raised that many binge-drinking studies in rodents involve alcohol doses that would be unrealistically high in humans. Allometric dosage scaling can be used to estimate the dose of a drug or chemical in mice that would be necessary to achieve similar biological effects at a realistic dose in humans. However, it has become apparent that no single allometric conversion factor is applicable for all drugs and chemicals, so it is necessary to evaluate each compound empirically. In the present study, we compared the area under the blood alcohol concentration vs. time curve (AUC) and the peak blood alcohol concentration following oral alcohol administration at various doses in mice and humans, using data from previously published studies. The results demonstrated that the oral dose of alcohol must be larger in mice (on a g of alcohol to kg of body weight basis) than in humans to achieve similar alcohol AUC values or to achieve similar peak concentrations in the blood. The dose required in mice was about 2-fold greater than the dose required in humans to achieve similar alcohol AUC and peak concentrations. The results shown here were substantially different from the average 5-12-fold difference between mice and humans calculated in previous studies using agents other than alcohol. Results shown here demonstrate that an empirical approach using data from several independent experiments provides information needed to determine the alcohol dose in mice that produces a similar level of exposure (AUC and peak concentration) as in humans. The results indicate that a single alcohol dose in the range of 5-6 g/kg, a range often used in mouse models for binge drinking, is not excessive when modeling human binge drinking. Results presented here illustrate that in mice both alcohol AUC and peak alcohol concentration correlate well with an important biological effect - activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis - as indicated by increased corticosterone AUC values.
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12
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Effects of Multiday Ethanol Intoxication on Postburn Inflammation, Lung Function, and Alveolar Macrophage Phenotype. Shock 2020; 51:625-633. [PMID: 29846360 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Burn patients who consumed alcohol before injury have worse clinical outcomes, including longer hospital stays, increased ventilator days, and more respiratory infections. Most alcohol consumers are binge drinkers and not chronic alcoholics, and binge drinking patterns fluctuate over the week, with consecutive days of drinking over the weekend followed by relative abstinence during the week. We used a murine model simulating this drinking pattern in the context of burn injury. Mice were given ethanol for 3 days, rested for 4 days, given ethanol for 3 more days, followed by a sham or 15% total body surface area full-thickness burn. We previously demonstrated that mice exposed to the combined insult exhibited respiratory dysfunction and 50% mortality, with those that succumbed to injury dying between 24 and 72 h, thus identifying a therapeutic intervention window. Our goal herein is to characterize inflammatory and respiratory parameters during this critical time frame. We saw that mice exposed to the combined insult had the highest circulating and pulmonary cytokine levels at 24 h, which were normalized by 72 h in survivors. Alveolar macrophage activation was observed at 24 h in burned mice, regardless of intoxication (P < 0.05). However, at 72 h, alveolar macrophages from intoxicated burned mice had elevated CD206, relative to controls (P < 0.05), indicative of an anti-inflammatory phenotype. Taken together, these findings suggest that although lung function and inflammation are normalized by 72 h, the alterations in alveolar macrophage phenotype shed light on a potential mechanism underlying increased infection susceptibility in intoxicated burn patients.
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13
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Curtis BJ, Shults JA, Boe DM, Ramirez L, Kovacs EJ. Mesenchymal stem cell treatment attenuates liver and lung inflammation after ethanol intoxication and burn injury. Alcohol 2019; 80:139-148. [PMID: 30217504 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous burn injury is one of the most devastating injuries one can obtain, with tissue damage extending beyond the skin wound to distal organs, including the gastrointestinal tract, liver, and lungs. Multiple organ failure is a leading cause of death after burn injury, resulting in excessive systemic and localized inflammation directly contributing to end organ damage. We postulated that the gut-liver-lung inflammatory axis underscores multiple organ failure in the context of burn injury and is hyper-activated when ethanol intoxication precedes burn. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are regenerative and anti-inflammatory, and MSC treatment has been shown to be beneficial in several immune disorders and injury models. Our objective was to determine whether intravenous infusion of exogenous bone marrow-derived MSCs could reduce post-burn and intoxication pulmonary, hepatic, and systemic inflammation. Vehicle- or ethanol- (1.6 g/kg) treated mice were subjected to sham or 15% total body surface area scald burn. One hour post-injury, mice were given 5 × 105 CFSE-labeled MSCs or phosphate-buffered saline intravenously (i.v.) and were euthanized 24 h later. We assessed circulating biomarkers of inflammation and liver damage, measured cytokine and chemokine production, and quantified apoptosis in lung and liver tissue. Compared to intoxicated and burned mice, those treated with MSCs had less cellularity, limited apoptosis, and a slight reduction in the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) and the neutrophil chemokine, KC (CXCL1) in lung tissue. Mice with MSCs treatment had more dramatic anti-inflammatory effects on systemic and hepatic inflammation, as serum IL-6 levels were diminished by 43%, and il6 and kc expression in liver tissue were markedly reduced, as were biomarkers of liver damage, aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (AST), compared with intoxicated and burned mice. Taken together, our results suggest intravenous MSCs treatment can diminish systemic inflammation, lessen hepatic damage, and decrease liver and lung apoptosis and inflammation, indicating MSCs as a novel therapy for restoring homeostasis of multiple organ systems in intoxicated burn patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda J Curtis
- Burn Research and Alcohol Research Programs, Department of Surgery, Division of GI, Trauma and Endocrine Surgery, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Jill A Shults
- Alcohol Research Program, Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago, Health Sciences Campus, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, United States
| | - Devin M Boe
- Burn Research and Alcohol Research Programs, Department of Surgery, Division of GI, Trauma and Endocrine Surgery, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Luis Ramirez
- Alcohol Research Program, Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago, Health Sciences Campus, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, United States
| | - Elizabeth J Kovacs
- Burn Research and Alcohol Research Programs, Department of Surgery, Division of GI, Trauma and Endocrine Surgery, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.
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14
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Doğan M, Karahan I. Evaluation of complete blood count parameters, cell ratios, and cell volume indices in mushroom poisonings. Hum Exp Toxicol 2019; 38:1127-1131. [PMID: 31215240 DOI: 10.1177/0960327119855131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mushroom poisoning is still a significant health-care problem, with the potential to affect blood parameters. The present study analyses the effect of mushroom poisoning on complete blood cell parameters, cell ratios, and cell volume indices and the effect of the mentioned parameters on prognosis/hospital length of stay. METHODS The study involved the retrospective assessment of 48 patients who became symptomatic after ingesting mushrooms. Patients who were 18 years and above and who spent at least one day in hospital were included in the study. The control group comprised individuals with similar characteristics to the patient group. The complete blood cell parameters, platelet indices (mean platelet volume, plateletcrit (PCT)), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet to lymphocyte ratio levels were compared between the two groups, and these ratios were analyzed for any correlation with length of hospital stay. RESULTS NLR was significantly higher and PCT was significantly lower in the mushroom-poisoned group, while all other parameters were similar between the groups. NLR had a positive correlation and PCT had a negative correlation with length of hospital stay. CONCLUSION NLR and PCT levels can provide information about prognosis and can aid in the prediction of hospital stay in mushroom-poisoned patients. Further investigations are needed to investigate effects of intoxication on hematological system elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Doğan
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Erol Olçok Training and Research Hospital, Hitit University, Corum, Turkey
| | - I Karahan
- 2 Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kırıkkale University, Yahşihan, Kırıkkale, Turkey
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15
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Stadlbauer V, Horvath A, Komarova I, Schmerboeck B, Feldbacher N, Wurm S, Klymiuk I, Durdevic M, Rainer F, Blesl A, Stryeck S, Madl T, Stiegler P, Leber B. A single alcohol binge impacts on neutrophil function without changes in gut barrier function and gut microbiome composition in healthy volunteers. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211703. [PMID: 30707717 PMCID: PMC6358085 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol binge drinking is a dangerous drinking habit, associated with neurological problems and inflammation. The impact of a single alcohol binge on innate immunity, gut barrier and gut microbiome was studied. In this cohort study 15 healthy volunteers received 2 ml vodka 40% v/v ethanol/kg body weight. Neutrophil function was studied by flow cytometry; markers of gut permeability and inflammation (lactulose/mannitol/sucrose test, zonulin, calprotectin, diamino-oxidase) were studied with NMR spectroscopy and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in urine, stool and serum respectively. Bacterial products in serum were quantified using different reporter cell lines. Gut microbiome composition was studied by 16S rDNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. After a single alcohol binge, neutrophils were transiently primed and the response to E.coli stimulation with reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was transiently increased, on the other hand the percentage of neutrophils that did not perform phagocytosis increased. No changes in gut permeability, inflammatory biomarker, bacterial translocation and microbiome composition could be detected up to 4 hours after a single alcohol binge or on the next day. A single alcohol binge in young, healthy volunteers transiently impacts on neutrophil function. Although the exact biological consequence of this finding is not clear yet, we believe that this strengthens the importance to avoid any alcohol binge drinking, even in young, otherwise healthy persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Stadlbauer
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- * E-mail:
| | - Angela Horvath
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine (CBmed), Graz, Austria
| | - Irina Komarova
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Bianca Schmerboeck
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine (CBmed), Graz, Austria
| | - Nicole Feldbacher
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sonja Wurm
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ingeborg Klymiuk
- Center for Medical Research, Core Facility Molecular Biology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Marija Durdevic
- Core Facility Computational Bioanalytics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Florian Rainer
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Blesl
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sarah Stryeck
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed, Graz, Austria
| | - Tobias Madl
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed, Graz, Austria
| | - Philipp Stiegler
- Department of Transplantation Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Bettina Leber
- Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine (CBmed), Graz, Austria
- Department of Transplantation Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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16
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Molina PE, Nelson S. Binge Drinking's Effects on the Body. Alcohol Res 2018; 39:99-109. [PMID: 30557153 PMCID: PMC6104963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have focused on the effects of chronic alcohol consumption and the mechanisms of tissue injury underlying alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis, with less focus on the pathophysiological consequences of binge alcohol consumption. Alcohol binge drinking prevalence continues to rise, particularly among individuals ages 18 to 24. However, it is also frequent in individuals ages 65 and older. High blood alcohol levels achieved with this pattern of alcohol consumption are of particular concern, as alcohol can permeate to virtually all tissues in the body, resulting in significant alterations in organ function, which leads to multisystemic pathophysiological consequences. In addition to the pattern, amount, and frequency of alcohol consumption, additional factors, including the type of alcoholic beverage, may contribute differentially to the risk for alcohol-induced tissue injury. Preclinical and translational research strategies are needed to enhance our understanding of the effects of binge alcohol drinking, particularly for individuals with a history of chronic alcohol consumption. Identification of underlying pathophysiological processes responsible for tissue and organ injury can lead to development of preventive or therapeutic interventions to reduce the health care burden associated with binge alcohol drinking.
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17
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Boule LA, Kovacs EJ. Alcohol, aging, and innate immunity. J Leukoc Biol 2017; 102:41-55. [PMID: 28522597 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.4ru1016-450r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The global population is aging: in 2010, 8% of the population was older than 65 y, and that is expected to double to 16% by 2050. With advanced age comes a heightened prevalence of chronic diseases. Moreover, elderly humans fair worse after acute diseases, namely infection, leading to higher rates of infection-mediated mortality. Advanced age alters many aspects of both the innate and adaptive immune systems, leading to impaired responses to primary infection and poor development of immunologic memory. An often overlooked, yet increasingly common, behavior in older individuals is alcohol consumption. In fact, it has been estimated that >40% of older adults consume alcohol, and evidence reveals that >10% of this group is drinking more than the recommended limit by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. Alcohol consumption, at any level, alters host immune responses, including changes in the number, phenotype, and function of innate and adaptive immune cells. Thus, understanding the effect of alcohol ingestion on the immune system of older individuals, who are already less capable of combating infection, merits further study. However, there is currently almost nothing known about how drinking alters innate immunity in older subjects, despite innate immune cells being critical for host defense, resolution of inflammation, and maintenance of immune homeostasis. Here, we review the effects of aging and alcohol consumption on innate immune cells independently and highlight the few studies that have examined the effects of alcohol ingestion in aged individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisbeth A Boule
- Department of Surgery, Division of GI, Trauma, and Endocrine Surgery (GITES), University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA; .,The Mucosal Inflammation Program (MIP), University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,The Investigations in Metabolism, Aging, Gender and Exercise (IMAGE) Research Group, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA; and
| | - Elizabeth J Kovacs
- Department of Surgery, Division of GI, Trauma, and Endocrine Surgery (GITES), University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA; .,The Mucosal Inflammation Program (MIP), University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,The Investigations in Metabolism, Aging, Gender and Exercise (IMAGE) Research Group, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA; and.,The Immunology Graduate Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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18
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Kupffer Cell p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Drives Postburn Hepatic Damage and Pulmonary Inflammation When Alcohol Intoxication Precedes Burn Injury. Crit Care Med 2017; 44:e973-9. [PMID: 27322363 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000001817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Clinical and animal studies demonstrate that alcohol intoxication at the time of injury worsens postburn outcome. The purpose of this study was to determine the role and mechanism of Kupffer cell derangement in exacerbating postburn end organ damage in alcohol-exposed mice. DESIGN Interventional study. SETTING Research Institute. SUBJECTS Male C57BL/6 mice. INTERVENTIONS Alcohol administered 30 minutes before a 15% scald burn injury. Antecedent Kupffer cell depletion with clodronate liposomes (0.5 mg/kg). p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibition via SB203580 (10 mg/kg). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Kupffer cells were isolated 24 hours after injury and analyzed for p38 activity and interleukin-6 production. Intoxicated burned mice demonstrated a two-fold (p < 0.05) elevation of Kupffer cell p38 activation relative to either insult alone, and this corresponded to a 43% (p < 0.05) increase in interleukin-6 production. Depletion of Kupffer cells attenuated hepatic damage as seen by decreases of 53% (p < 0.05) in serum alanine aminotransferase and 74% (p < 0.05) in hepatic triglycerides, as well as a 77% reduction (p < 0.05) in serum interleukin-6 levels compared to matched controls. This mitigation of hepatic damage was associated with a 54% decrease (p < 0.05) in pulmonary neutrophil infiltration and reduced alveolar wall thickening by 45% (p < 0.05). In vivo p38 inhibition conferred nearly identical hepatic and pulmonary protection after the combined injury as mice depleted of Kupffer cells. CONCLUSIONS Intoxication exacerbates postburn hepatic damage through p38-dependent interleukin-6 production in Kupffer cells.
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19
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Yeligar SM, Chen MM, Kovacs EJ, Sisson JH, Burnham EL, Brown LAS. Alcohol and lung injury and immunity. Alcohol 2016; 55:51-59. [PMID: 27788778 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Annually, excessive alcohol use accounts for more than $220 billion in economic costs and 80,000 deaths, making excessive alcohol use the third leading lifestyle-related cause of death in the US. Patients with an alcohol-use disorder (AUD) also have an increased susceptibility to respiratory pathogens and lung injury, including a 2-4-fold increased risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This review investigates some of the potential mechanisms by which alcohol causes lung injury and impairs lung immunity. In intoxicated individuals with burn injuries, activation of the gut-liver axis drives pulmonary inflammation, thereby negatively impacting morbidity and mortality. In the lung, the upper airway is the first checkpoint to fail in microbe clearance during alcohol-induced lung immune dysfunction. Brief and prolonged alcohol exposure drive different post-translational modifications of novel proteins that control cilia function. Proteomic approaches are needed to identify novel alcohol targets and post-translational modifications in airway cilia that are involved in alcohol-dependent signal transduction pathways. When the upper airway fails to clear inhaled pathogens, they enter the alveolar space where they are primarily cleared by alveolar macrophages (AM). With chronic alcohol ingestion, oxidative stress pathways in the AMs are stimulated, thereby impairing AM immune capacity and pathogen clearance. The epidemiology of pneumococcal pneumonia and AUDs is well established, as both increased predisposition and illness severity have been reported. AUD subjects have increased susceptibility to pneumococcal pneumonia infections, which may be due to the pro-inflammatory response of AMs, leading to increased oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M Yeligar
- Department of Medicine, Emory University and Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033, USA
| | - Michael M Chen
- Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Alcohol Research Program, Integrative Cell Biology Program, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Kovacs
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Joseph H Sisson
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Ellen L Burnham
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Lou Ann S Brown
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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20
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Shults JA, Curtis BJ, Boe DM, Ramirez L, Kovacs EJ. Ethanol intoxication prolongs post-burn pulmonary inflammation: role of alveolar macrophages. J Leukoc Biol 2016; 100:1037-1045. [PMID: 27531926 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3ma0316-111r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the role and fate of AMs were examined in pulmonary inflammation after intoxication and injury. Clinical evidence has revealed that half of all burn patients brought to the emergency department are intoxicated at the time of injury. This combined insult results in amplified neutrophil accumulation and pulmonary edema, with an increased risk of lung failure and mortality, relative to either insult alone. We believe that this excessive pulmonary inflammation, which also parallels decreased lung function, is mediated in part by AMs. Restoration of lung tissue homeostasis is dependent on the eradication of neutrophils and removal of apoptotic cells, both major functions of AMs. Thirty minutes after binge ethanol intoxication, mice were anesthetized and given a 15% total body surface area dorsal scald injury. At 24 h, we found a 50% decrease in the total number of AMs (P < 0.05) and observed a proinflammatory phenotype on the remaining lung AMs. Loss of AMs paralleled a 6-fold increase in the number of TUNEL+ lung apoptotic cells (P < 0.05) and a 3.5-fold increase in the percentage of annexin V+ apoptotic cells in BAL (P < 0.05), after intoxication and injury, relative to controls. In contrast to the reduction in the number of cells, AMs from intoxicated and injured mice had a 4-fold increase in efferocytosis (P < 0.05). In summary, these data suggest that loss of AMs may delay resolution of inflammation, resulting in the pulmonary complications and elevated mortality rates observed in intoxicated and burn-injured patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill A Shults
- Alcohol Research Program, Loyola University Chicago, Health Sciences Campus, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA.,Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago, Health Sciences Campus, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA.,Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago, Health Sciences Campus, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA.,Integrative Cell Biology Program, Loyola University Chicago, Health Sciences Campus, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Brenda J Curtis
- Alcohol Research Program, Loyola University Chicago, Health Sciences Campus, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA.,Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago, Health Sciences Campus, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA.,Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago, Health Sciences Campus, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Devin M Boe
- Alcohol Research Program, Loyola University Chicago, Health Sciences Campus, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA.,Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago, Health Sciences Campus, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA.,Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago, Health Sciences Campus, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA.,Integrative Cell Biology Program, Loyola University Chicago, Health Sciences Campus, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Luis Ramirez
- Alcohol Research Program, Loyola University Chicago, Health Sciences Campus, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA.,Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago, Health Sciences Campus, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA.,Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago, Health Sciences Campus, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Kovacs
- Alcohol Research Program, Loyola University Chicago, Health Sciences Campus, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA; .,Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago, Health Sciences Campus, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA.,Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago, Health Sciences Campus, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA.,Integrative Cell Biology Program, Loyola University Chicago, Health Sciences Campus, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA
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