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Deng C, Pan J, Zhu H, Chen ZY. Effect of Gut Microbiota on Blood Cholesterol: A Review on Mechanisms. Foods 2023; 12:4308. [PMID: 38231771 DOI: 10.3390/foods12234308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota serves as a pivotal mediator between diet and human health. Emerging evidence has shown that the gut microbiota may play an important role in cholesterol metabolism. In this review, we delve into five possible mechanisms by which the gut microbiota may influence cholesterol metabolism: (1) the gut microbiota changes the ratio of free bile acids to conjugated bile acids, with the former being eliminated into feces and the latter being reabsorbed back into the liver; (2) the gut microbiota can ferment dietary fiber to produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) which are absorbed and reach the liver where SCFAs inhibit cholesterol synthesis; (3) the gut microbiota can regulate the expression of some genes related to cholesterol metabolism through their metabolites; (4) the gut microbiota can convert cholesterol to coprostanol, with the latter having a very low absorption rate; and (5) the gut microbiota could reduce blood cholesterol by inhibiting the production of lipopolysaccharides (LPS), which increases cholesterol synthesis and raises blood cholesterol. In addition, this review will explore the natural constituents in foods with potential roles in cholesterol regulation, mainly through their interactions with the gut microbiota. These include polysaccharides, polyphenolic entities, polyunsaturated fatty acids, phytosterols, and dicaffeoylquinic acid. These findings will provide a scientific foundation for targeting hypercholesterolemia and cardiovascular diseases through the modulation of the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanling Deng
- School of Food Science and Engineering/National Technical Center (Foshan) for Quality Control of Famous and Special Agricultural Products (CAQS-GAP-KZZX043), Foshan University, Foshan 528011, China
| | - Jingjin Pan
- School of Food Science and Engineering/National Technical Center (Foshan) for Quality Control of Famous and Special Agricultural Products (CAQS-GAP-KZZX043), Foshan University, Foshan 528011, China
| | - Hanyue Zhu
- School of Food Science and Engineering/National Technical Center (Foshan) for Quality Control of Famous and Special Agricultural Products (CAQS-GAP-KZZX043), Foshan University, Foshan 528011, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Chen
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
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Choi SI, Kim N, Nam RH, Jang JY, Kim EH, Ha S, Kang K, Lee W, Choi H, Kim YR, Seok YJ, Shin CM, Lee DH. The Protective Effect of Roseburia faecis Against Repeated Water Avoidance Stress-induced Irritable Bowel Syndrome in a Wister Rat Model. J Cancer Prev 2023; 28:93-105. [PMID: 37830115 PMCID: PMC10564633 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2023.28.3.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Roseburia faecis, a butyrate-producing, gram-positive anaerobic bacterium, was evaluated for its usefulness against repeated water avoidance stress (WAS)-induced irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in a rat model, and the underlying mechanism was explored. We divided the subjects into three groups: one without stress exposure, another subjected to daily 1-hour WAS for 10 days, and a third exposed to the same WAS regimen while also receiving two different R. faecis strains (BBH024 or R22-12-24) via oral gavage for the same 10-day duration. Fecal pellet output (FPO), a toluidine blue assay for mast cell infiltration, and fecal microbiota analyses were conducted using 16S rRNA metagenomic sequencing. Predictive functional profiling of microbial communities in metabolism was also conducted. FPO and colonic mucosal mast cell counts were significantly higher in the WAS group than in the control group (male, P = 0.004; female, P = 0.027). The administration of both BBH024 (male, P = 0.015; female, P = 0.022) and R22-12-24 (male, P = 0.003; female, P = 0.040) significantly reduced FPO. Submucosal mast cell infiltration in the colon showed a similar pattern in males. In case of fecal microbiota, the WAS with R. faecis group showed increased abundance of the Roseburia genus compared to WAS alone. Moreover, the expression of a gene encoding a D-methionine transport system substrate-binding protein was significantly elevated in the WAS with R. faecis group compared to that in the WAS (male, P = 0.028; female, P = 0.025) group. These results indicate that R. faecis is a useful probiotic for treating IBS and colonic microinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo In Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Medical Device Development, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ryoung Hee Nam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jae Young Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Department of Medical Device Development, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Hye Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - SungChan Ha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | | | | | - HyeLim Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeon-Ran Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeong-Jae Seok
- Department of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cheol Min Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Dong Ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Liu D, Pi J, Zhang B, Zeng H, Li C, Xiao Z, Fang F, Liu M, Deng N, Wang J. Phytosterol of lotus seed core powder alleviates hypercholesterolemia by regulating gut microbiota in high-cholesterol diet-induced C57BL/6J mice. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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Galena AE, Chai J, Zhang J, Bednarzyk M, Perez D, Ochrietor JD, Jahan-Mihan A, Arikawa AY. The effects of fermented vegetable consumption on the composition of the intestinal microbiota and levels of inflammatory markers in women: A pilot and feasibility study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275275. [PMID: 36201455 PMCID: PMC9536613 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary objective of this pilot study was to investigate the feasibility of regular consumption of fermented vegetables for six weeks on markers of inflammation and the composition of the gut microflora in women (clinical trials ID: NTC03407794). Thirty-one women were randomized into one of three groups: 100 g/day of fermented vegetables (group A), 100 g/day pickled vegetables (group B), or no vegetables (group C) for six weeks. Dietary intake was assessed by a food frequency questionnaire and blood and stool samples were provided before and after the intervention for measurement of C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP). Next-generation sequencing of the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was performed on the Illumina MiSeq platform. Participants' ages ranged between 18 and 69 years. Both groups A and B had a mean daily consumption of 91g of vegetables for 32 and 36 days, respectively. Serum CRP ranged between 0.9 and 265 ng/mL (SD = 92.4) at baseline, while TNF-α and LBP concentrations ranged between 0 and 9 pg/mL (SD = 2.3), and 7 and 29 μg/mL (SD = 4.4), respectively. There were no significant changes in levels of inflammatory markers among groups. At timepoint 2, group A showed an increase in Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (P = 0.022), a decrease in Ruminococcus torques (P<0.05), and a trend towards greater alpha diversity measured by the Shannon index (P = 0.074). The findings indicate that consumption of ~100 g/day of fermented vegetables for six weeks is feasible and may result in beneficial changes in the composition of the gut microbiota. Future trials should determine whether consumption of fermented vegetables is an effective strategy against gut dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E. Galena
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, United States of America
| | - Jianmin Chai
- Division of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States of America
| | - Jiangchao Zhang
- Division of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States of America
| | - Michele Bednarzyk
- School of Nursing, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, United States of America
| | - Doreen Perez
- School of Nursing, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, United States of America
| | - Judith D. Ochrietor
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, United States of America
| | - Alireza Jahan-Mihan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, United States of America
| | - Andrea Y. Arikawa
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Peanut skin extract ameliorates high-fat diet-induced atherosclerosis by regulating lipid metabolism, inflammation reaction and gut microbiota in ApoE−/− mice. Food Res Int 2022; 154:111014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Wang X, Zhang L, Qin L, Wang Y, Chen F, Qu C, Miao J. Physicochemical Properties of the Soluble Dietary Fiber from Laminaria japonica and Its Role in the Regulation of Type 2 Diabetes Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:329. [PMID: 35057510 PMCID: PMC8779286 DOI: 10.3390/nu14020329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Laminaria japonica is a large marine brown alga that is annually highly productive. However, due to its underutilization, its potential value is substantially wasted. For example, a lot of Laminaria japonica cellulose remains unused during production of algin. The soluble dietary fiber (SDF) was prepared from the byproducts of Laminaria japonica, and its physicochemical properties were explored. SDF exhibits good water-holding, oil-holding, water-absorbing swelling, glucose and cholesterol absorption capacity, and inhibitory activity of α-amylase and α-glucosidase. In addition, the beneficial effects of SDF in diabetic mice include reduced body weight, lower blood glucose, and relieved insulin resistance. Finally, the intestinal flora and metabolomic products were analyzed from feces using 16S amplicon and LC-MS/MS, respectively. SDF not only significantly changed the composition and structure of intestinal flora and intestinal metabolites, but also significantly increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria Akkermansia, Odoribacter and Bacteroides, decreased the abundance of harmful bacteria Staphylococcus, and increased the content of bioactive substances in intestinal tract, such as harmine, magnolol, arachidonic acid, prostaglandin E2, urimorelin and azelaic acid. Taken together, these findings suggest that dietary intake of SDF alleviates type 2 diabetes mellitus disease, and provides an important theoretical basis for SDF to be used as a functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China; (X.W.); (F.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resource, Qingdao 266061, China; (L.Z.); (L.Q.); (Y.W.); (C.Q.)
| | - Liping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resource, Qingdao 266061, China; (L.Z.); (L.Q.); (Y.W.); (C.Q.)
- Department of Special Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Ling Qin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resource, Qingdao 266061, China; (L.Z.); (L.Q.); (Y.W.); (C.Q.)
| | - Yanfeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resource, Qingdao 266061, China; (L.Z.); (L.Q.); (Y.W.); (C.Q.)
| | - Fushan Chen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China; (X.W.); (F.C.)
| | - Changfeng Qu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resource, Qingdao 266061, China; (L.Z.); (L.Q.); (Y.W.); (C.Q.)
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jinlai Miao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resource, Qingdao 266061, China; (L.Z.); (L.Q.); (Y.W.); (C.Q.)
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
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Shao Y, Qi W, Zhang X, Ran N, Liu C, Fu R, Shao Z. Plasma Metabolomic and Intestinal Microbial Analyses of Patients With Severe Aplastic Anemia. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:669887. [PMID: 34497802 PMCID: PMC8419359 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.669887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aplastic anemia results from bone marrow failure caused by an autoimmune abnormality, but the pathogenesis of severe aplastic anemia (SAA) is not well characterized. To identify potential metabolic markers of SAA and to further elucidate the pathogenetic mechanisms of SAA, we performed a metabolomic study of plasma samples and characterized the intestinal microbiota of patients with SAA and healthy controls. Patients with SAA had more Enterobacteriales and Lactobacillales, but fewer Bacteroidales, Clostridiales, and Erysipelotrichales than healthy controls. At the species level, the abundances of Escherichia coli and others including Clostridium citroniae were higher, whereas those of Prevotella copri, Roseburia faecis, and Ruminococcus bromii were lower. Eight metabolites showed significantly different plasma concentrations in the SAA and healthy control groups. Coumaric acid, L-phenylalanine, and sulfate were present at higher concentrations in the SAA group; whereas L-glutamic γ-semialdehyde, theobromine, 3a, 7a-dihydroxy-5b-cholestane, γ-δ-dioxovaleric acid, and (12Z)-9, 10-dihydroxyoctadec-12-enoic acid were present at lower concentrations. In conclusion, patients with SAA show abnormalities in both their plasma metabolomes and intestinal microbial compositions. These differences might reflect the molecular mechanisms involved in the defective immunity that characterizes SAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Shao
- Department of Hematology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Weiwei Qi
- Department of Hematology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- Department of Hematology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ningyuan Ran
- Department of Hematology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Department of Hematology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Rong Fu
- Department of Hematology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zonghong Shao
- Department of Hematology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Xu J, Li T, Xia X, Fu C, Wang X, Zhao Y. Dietary Ginsenoside T19 Supplementation Regulates Glucose and Lipid Metabolism via AMPK and PI3K Pathways and Its Effect on Intestinal Microbiota. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:14452-14462. [PMID: 33237753 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ginseng, as a functional food, is widely used worldwide because of its multifarious benefits. Studies have verified that 25-hydroxyl-protopanaxatriol (T19) is a new ginsenoside from ginseng, which had an important inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B in vitro. This study aims to assess the regulation of T19 against glycolipid metabolism by insulin-resistant HepG2 cells and diabetes mice induced with high-fat diet combined with streptozotocin (STZ). T19 effectively lowered the levels of blood glucose and lipid, alleviated insulin resistance, and improved histological pathology of liver and pancreas. Further study demonstrated that regulation of AMP-activated protein kinase- and phosphoinositide-3-kinase-signaling pathways was involved in the potential mechanism of T19 efficiency. Simultaneously, high-throughput sequencing of 16S rDNA revealed that T19 remarkably ameliorated the high-fat diet/STZ-induced disorders of intestinal microbiota by decreasing the value of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes, and remarkably raised the relative abundance of the Lachnospiraceae family, which are the beneficial bacteria that can regulate glucose and lipid metabolism. The results may provide clues for further understanding the mechanism of T19 in regulating glycolipid metabolism, and may provide a scientific basis for ginseng as a potential dietary food to prevent metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Tao Li
- College of Life Sciences and Biological Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiaoyan Xia
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Chaofan Fu
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xude Wang
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yuqing Zhao
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
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Tian H, Chen Y, Zhu N, Guo Y, Deng M, Liu G, Li Y, Liu D, Sun B. Effect of Broussonetia papyrifera silage on the serum indicators, hindgut parameters and fecal bacterial community of Holstein heifers. AMB Express 2020; 10:197. [PMID: 33128623 PMCID: PMC7603443 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-020-01135-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of substitution of whole corn silage (WCS) with Broussonetia papyrifera silage (BPS) in different ratios on the serum indicators, hindgut fermentation parameters (pH, ammoniacal nitrogen, and volatile fatty acids), and fecal bacterial community of Holstein heifers. Sixteen heifers (8-month-old, 220 ± 30 kg) were randomly divided into four treatments according to different BPS substitution ratios of feed basis (0%, 25%, 50%, and 75%). The experiment consisted of a 7-day preliminary feeding period and a 30-day experimental period. On the last day of the trial, the blood samples were collected from caudal vein, and the feces samples were collected from rectum. With the increasing of BPS content, the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in serum decreased (P < 0.05), and the immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IL-4 content of serum increased (P < 0.05); and the hindgut pH value increased (P < 0.05). 16S rRNA sequencing found that the dominant phyla were Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Verrucomicrobia; and the dominant genera were Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-010, and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group. Linear Discriminant Analysis Effect Size (LEfSe) analysis found 12 differential operational taxonomic units (OTUs) which have strong correlation with some serum and hindgut indicators, and have the potential to be used as biomarkers. Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt) found that BPS have impacts on the pathways, such as carbohydrate transport and metabolism, and promotes amino acid transport and metabolism. To sum up, inclusion of BPS in heifer diets can affect serum anti-oxidant and immune indicators, fecal parameters, composition and function of fecal microorganisms in Holstein heifers.
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Chénard T, Malick M, Dubé J, Massé E. The influence of blood on the human gut microbiome. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:44. [PMID: 32126968 PMCID: PMC7055051 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-01724-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the prevailing causes of cancer mortality in the world. A common screening test for CRC is based on the human hemoglobin immunochemical based fecal occult blood test (iFOBT), which consists in the detection of blood in the patient's stool. In addition to iFOBT, recent studies support the use of the gut microbiome as a biomarker for CRC prediction. However, these studies did not take into account the effect of blood itself on the microbiome composition, independently of CRC. Therefore, we investigated the microbiome of patients undergoing the iFOBT screening in order to determine the effect of blood alone. Our cohort consisted of patients who had no blood in their stools (n = 265) or did have blood but no underlying precancerous or cancerous lesions (n = 235). We also identified bacterial taxa specifically associated with the presence of blood in stools. RESULTS We observed significant differences in the intestinal bacterial composition that could be solely caused by the presence of blood in stools. More precisely, we identified 12 bacterial species showing significant differences in abundance between both our study groups. These species, Bacteroides uniformis, Collinsella aerofaciens, Eggerthella lenta and Clostridium symbiosum demonstrated increased abundance in the presence of blood. In contrast, the species Prevotella copri, Coprococcus eutactus and catus, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Roseburia faecis, Blautia obeum, Gemmiger formicilis and Clostridium celatum showed decreased abundance in patients with blood in their stools. Notably, we found multiple taxa that were reported in previous studies linking microbiome composition and diseases. CONCLUSIONS We show that, in the absence of disease, blood in the stools has a major influence on the composition of the microbiome. Our data suggest that blood itself should be taken into consideration when investigating the microbiome signatures of intestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Chénard
- Department of Biochemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, 3201 Jean-Mignault Street, Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1E 4K8, Canada
| | - Mandy Malick
- Department of Biochemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, 3201 Jean-Mignault Street, Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1E 4K8, Canada
| | - Jean Dubé
- Department of Biochemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, 3201 Jean-Mignault Street, Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1E 4K8, Canada
| | - Eric Massé
- Department of Biochemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, 3201 Jean-Mignault Street, Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1E 4K8, Canada.
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Ma Q, Li Y, Wang J, Li P, Duan Y, Dai H, An Y, Cheng L, Wang T, Wang C, Wang T, Zhao B. Investigation of gut microbiome changes in type 1 diabetic mellitus rats based on high-throughput sequencing. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 124:109873. [PMID: 31986412 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.109873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is increasing year by year, gut microbiota is considered to be closely related to the occurrence and development of T1DM in recent years. In this study, Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were intraperitoneally injected with 75mg/kg streptozotocin to establish T1DM model, fecal samples were collected and DNA were extracted, 16S rRNA microbial gene clone library were constructed, and lastly high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were performed. The results showed that the abundances of pathogenic bacteria such as Ruminococcaceae, Shigella, Enterococcus, Streptococcus, Rothia and Alistipes associated with infection and inflammation in T1DM rats were up-regulated, while the abundances of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus, Faecalitalea, Butyricicoccus and Allobaculum were reduced. Among them, Butyricicoccus and Allobaculum protect intestinal barrier function by producing short-chain fatty acids. This study suggests that intestinal inflammation and reduction of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) caused by the imbalance of gut microbiota are crucial to the pathogenesis of T1DM.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bacteria/isolation & purification
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/microbiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/physiopathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/microbiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/physiopathology
- Fatty Acids, Volatile/metabolism
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome
- High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
- Inflammation/genetics
- Inflammation/microbiology
- Inflammation/pathology
- Male
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Streptozocin
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Affiliation(s)
- Quantao Ma
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No.11 North 3rd Ring East Road, Chao-Yang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yaqi Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No.11 North 3rd Ring East Road, Chao-Yang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jingkang Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No.11 North 3rd Ring East Road, Chao-Yang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No.11 North 3rd Ring East Road, Chao-Yang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yuhui Duan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No.11 North 3rd Ring East Road, Chao-Yang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Hongyu Dai
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No.11 North 3rd Ring East Road, Chao-Yang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yongcheng An
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Intersection of Yang-Guang South Street and Bai-Yang East Road, Fang-Shan District, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Long Cheng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No.11 North 3rd Ring East Road, Chao-Yang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Tieshan Wang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 North 3rd Ring East Road, Chao-Yang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Chunguo Wang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 North 3rd Ring East Road, Chao-Yang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 North 3rd Ring East Road, Chao-Yang District, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Baosheng Zhao
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 North 3rd Ring East Road, Chao-Yang District, Beijing, 100029, China.
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12
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Cai W, Xu J, Li G, Liu T, Guo X, Wang H, Luo L. Ethanol extract of propolis prevents high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance and obesity in association with modulation of gut microbiota in mice. Food Res Int 2019; 130:108939. [PMID: 32156386 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Propolis has beneficial effects anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetes and anti-obesity in human or murine models, but its mechanism has not been fully elucidated. This study was to investigate the effects of ethanol extract of propolis (EEP) on the gut microbiota, and to analyze the associations between these alterations of gut microbiota and insulin resistance and obesity in high fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed with chow diet, high-fat diet, and high-fat diet supplemented with 1% EEP or 2%EEP. EEP supplementation reduced HFD-induced weight gain and liver fat accumulation, proinflammatory cytokines and insulin resistance, and improved glucose tolerance and lipid profile. Meanwhile, EEP supplementation in HFD-fed mice increased anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory bacteria such as genera Roseburia and Intestinimonas and species Parabacteroides goldsteinii and Parabacteroides distasonis, and reduced pro-inflammatory bacteria such as genera Faecalibaculum and Prevotella and species Bacteroides vulgatus. These dominant bacterial taxa altered by EEP were significantly associated with the metabolic parameters of insulin resistance and obesityin HFD-fed mice. The results in this study indicated that EEP reduced HFD-induced obesity and insulin resistant, which may be mediated by modulating the composition and function of gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cai
- School of Life Science of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; Department of Medical Genetics and Cell Biology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Jixiong Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Medical Genetics and Cell Biology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Tao Liu
- School of Life Science of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Xiali Guo
- School of Life Science of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Huajie Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Cell Biology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Liping Luo
- School of Life Science of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, College of Food Science of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China.
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudarshan Paramsothy
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia and Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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14
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Shibayama J, Goto M, Kuda T, Fukunaga M, Takahashi H, Kimura B. Effect of rice bran fermented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus plantarum on gut microbiome of mice fed high-sucrose diet. Benef Microbes 2019; 10:811-821. [PMID: 31965847 DOI: 10.3920/bm2019.0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To clarify the effect of rice bran (RB) and fermented RB (FRB) in a high-sucrose and low-dietary fibre diet on the gut microbiome, the in vitro bile acid-lowering capacity and caecal microbiota of ICR mice fed with 20% RB or FRB diets for two weeks were determined. The caecal microbiome was analysed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The in vitro bile acid-lowering capacity was high for FRB. In mouse experiments, triacylglycerol and total cholesterol were generally lower with FRB, although the faecal frequency was highest in mice fed with RB. The Shannon-Wiener and Simpson's indices for alpha-diversity in the microbiome of mice fed with RB and FRB, were higher than mice fed the control diet. At the phylum level in the caecal microbiome, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were high with FRB and RB, respectively. At the operational taxonomic unit level, some bacterial groups related to diabetes and gut toxicity, such as Lachnospiraceae and Enterorhabdus mucosicola, were high for RB but not for FRB diets. These results suggest that FRB, rather than RB, intake improve the intestinal environment and blood lipid condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Shibayama
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-city, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
| | - M Goto
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-city, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
| | - T Kuda
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-city, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
| | - M Fukunaga
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-city, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
| | - H Takahashi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-city, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
| | - B Kimura
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-city, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
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15
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Impaired glucose metabolism and altered gut microbiome despite calorie restriction of ob/ob mice. Anim Microbiome 2019; 1:11. [PMID: 33499919 PMCID: PMC7807779 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-019-0007-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing evidence supports the role of gut microbiota in obesity and its related disorders including type 2 diabetes. Ob/ob mice, which are hyperphagic due to leptin deficiency, are commonly used models of obesity and were instrumental in suggesting links between gut microbiota and obesity. Specific changes in their gut microbiota such as decreased microbial diversity and increased Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio have been suggested to contribute to obesity via increased microbiota capacity to harvest energy. However, the differential development of ob/ob mouse gut microbiota compared to wild type microbiota and the role of hyperphagia in their metabolic impairment have not been investigated thoroughly. RESULTS We performed a 10-week long study in ob/ob (n = 12) and wild type control (n = 12) mice fed ad libitum. To differentiate effects of leptin deficiency from hyperphagia, we pair-fed an additional group of ob/ob mice (n = 11) based on the food consumption of control mice. Compared to control mice, ob/ob mice fed ad libitum exhibited compromised glucose metabolism and increased body fat percentage. Pair-fed ob/ob mice exhibited even more compromised glucose metabolism and maintained strikingly similar high body fat percentage at the cost of lean body mass. Acclimatization of the microbiota to our facility took up to 5 weeks. Leptin deficiency impacted gut microbial composition, explaining 18.3% of the variance. Pair-feeding also altered several taxa, although the overall community composition at the end of the study was not significantly different. We found 24 microbial taxa associations with leptin deficiency, notably enrichment of members of Lactobacillus and depletion of Akkermansia muciniphila. Microbial metabolic functions related to energy harvest, including glycan degradation, phosphotransferase systems and ABC transporters, were enriched in the ob/ob mice. Taxa previously reported as relevant for obesity were associated with body weight, including Oscillibacter and Alistipes (both negatively correlated) and Prevotella (positively correlated). CONCLUSIONS Leptin deficiency caused major changes in the mouse gut microbiota composition. Several microbial taxa were associated with body composition. Pair-fed mice maintained a pre-set high proportion of body fat despite reduced calorie intake, and exhibited more compromised glucose metabolism, with major implications for treatment options for genetically obese individuals.
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16
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Li X, Zhang Z, Cheng J, Diao C, Yan Y, Liu D, Wang H, Zheng F. Dietary supplementation of soybean-derived sterols regulates cholesterol metabolism and intestinal microbiota in hamsters. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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17
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Qing Y, Xie H, Su C, Wang Y, Yu Q, Pang Q, Cui F. Gut Microbiome, Short-Chain Fatty Acids, and Mucosa Injury in Young Adults with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection. Dig Dis Sci 2019; 64:1830-1843. [PMID: 30560340 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-018-5428-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV progression is characterized by immune activation and microbial translocation from the gut. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are essential for gut homeostasis. Decreased intestinal SCFAs play a role in rapid HIV progression. AIMS To compare the SCFA profile, intestinal microbiome, and intestinal mucosal injury between patients with HIV (but not AIDS) and healthy controls. METHODS This was a prospective study of 15 patients without AIDS and 10 controls conducted between July 2016 and January 2017 at the Institute of Dermatology and Venereology (Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences). Stool specimens were collected to analyze the microbiome and SCFAs. Blood I-FABP and D-lactate (gut injury markers) were measured as well as T cells in HIV-positive patients. Intestinal mucosa was observed by colonoscopy. RESULTS Rikenellaceae, Microbacteriaceae, Roseburia, Lachnospiraceae, Alistipes, and Ruminococcaceae were decreased, while Moraxellaceae and Psychrobacter were increased in HIV-positive patients. Butyric acid (p = 0.04) and valeric acid (p = 0.03) were reduced in HIV-positive patients. Colonoscopy revealed no visible damage in all subjects. There were no differences in I-FABP and D-lactate between groups. Butyric and valeric acids mainly positively correlated with Rikenellaceae, Ruminococcaceae, Alistipes, Roseburia, and Lachnospiraceae. CD8+ cells were positively correlated with Proteobacteria. CD4+ cells, and CD4/CD8 were negatively correlated with acetic acid. CD8+ cells were positively correlated with valeric acid. CONCLUSION The differences in the distribution of intestinal flora between HIV-infected and healthy individuals, especially some SCFAs, suggest that there is already a predisposition to intestinal mucosa damage in HIV-infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Qing
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Intercontinental Hospital of Proctology and Gastroenterology, Chengdu, 610043, Sichuan, China
| | - Hangyu Xie
- Department of Dermatology, China Aviation Industry 363 Hospital, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Chen Su
- Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Science, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Youwei Wang
- Institute of Dermatology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 32 Xier Section, Yihuan Road, Qingyang District, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiuyue Yu
- Institute of Dermatology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 32 Xier Section, Yihuan Road, Qingyang District, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiuyu Pang
- Institute of Dermatology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 32 Xier Section, Yihuan Road, Qingyang District, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Fan Cui
- Institute of Dermatology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 32 Xier Section, Yihuan Road, Qingyang District, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China.
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18
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Colonic fermentation of water soluble fiber fraction extracted from sugarcane (Sacchurum officinarum L.) bagasse in murine models. Food Chem 2019; 292:336-345. [PMID: 31054683 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.04.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Biochemical effects of the water soluble fiber fraction of sugarcane bagasse (BSF) fermented in the colon was examined to evaluate its potential health promoting effects. A feeding experiment involving Fischer 344 rats, was conducted with 3 experimental diets containing, cellulose (CON), a commercial xylo-oligosaccharide (XYO) and BSF (BGS). Cumulative feed intake was significantly lower in XYO group while cecal weight was significantly higher. Acetic and propionic acid contents in the cecal content were significantly higher in the BGS and XYO, respectively. Total short chain fatty acid content was significantly higher in BGS and XYO resulting significantly lower cecal pH. Beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Akkermansia and Roseburia abundance was significantly higher in the XYO and BGS groups. Further, mucin and immunoglobulin-A contents were significantly higher in BGS group compared to CON group. Thus, BSF exhibited its ability to enhance the intestinal and systemic health upon fermentation in the colon.
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19
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Garcia-Gutierrez E, Mayer MJ, Cotter PD, Narbad A. Gut microbiota as a source of novel antimicrobials. Gut Microbes 2018; 10:1-21. [PMID: 29584555 PMCID: PMC6363078 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2018.1455790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya and viruses coexist in the human gut, and this coexistence is functionally balanced by symbiotic or antagonistic relationships. Antagonism is often characterized by the production of antimicrobials against other organisms occupying the same environmental niche. Indeed, close co-evolution in the gut has led to the development of specialized antimicrobials, which is attracting increased attention as these may serve as novel alternatives to antibiotics and thereby help to address the global problem of antimicrobial resistance. The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is especially suitable for finding novel antimicrobials due to the vast array of microbes that inhabit it, and a considerable number of antimicrobial producers of both wide and narrow spectrum have been described. In this review, we summarize some of the antimicrobial compounds that are produced by bacteria isolated from the gut environment, with a special focus on bacteriocins. We also evaluate the potential therapeutic application of these compounds to maintain homeostasis in the gut and the biocontrol of pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enriqueta Garcia-Gutierrez
- Gut Health and Food Safety Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK
- Food Bioscience Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Ireland
| | - Melinda J. Mayer
- Gut Health and Food Safety Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK
| | - Paul D. Cotter
- Food Bioscience Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Ireland
- APC Microbiome, Ireland
| | - Arjan Narbad
- Gut Health and Food Safety Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK
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20
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Mushroom polysaccharides from Ganoderma lucidum and Poria cocos reveal prebiotic functions. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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21
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Tamanai-Shacoori Z, Smida I, Bousarghin L, Loreal O, Meuric V, Fong SB, Bonnaure-Mallet M, Jolivet-Gougeon A. Roseburia spp.: a marker of health? Future Microbiol 2017; 12:157-170. [PMID: 28139139 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2016-0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 392] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Roseburia consists of obligate Gram-positive anaerobic bacteria that are slightly curved, rod-shaped and motile by means of multiple subterminal flagella. It includes five species: Roseburia intestinalis, R. hominis, R. inulinivorans, R. faecis and R. cecicola. Gut Roseburia spp. metabolize dietary components that stimulate their proliferation and metabolic activities. They are part of commensal bacteria producing short-chain fatty acids, especially butyrate, affecting colonic motility, immunity maintenance and anti-inflammatory properties. Modification in Roseburia spp. representation may affect various metabolic pathways and is associated with several diseases (including irritable bowel syndrome, obesity, Type 2 diabetes, nervous system conditions and allergies). Roseburia spp. could also serve as biomarkers for symptomatic pathologies (e.g., gallstone formation) or as probiotics for restoration of beneficial flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Tamanai-Shacoori
- INSERM 1241/NUtrition MEtabolism CANcer/CIMIAD, 2 avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, Rennes, France
| | - Imen Smida
- INSERM 1241/NUtrition MEtabolism CANcer/CIMIAD, 2 avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, Rennes, France
| | - Latifa Bousarghin
- INSERM 1241/NUtrition MEtabolism CANcer/CIMIAD, 2 avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, Rennes, France
| | - Olivier Loreal
- INSERM 1241/NUtrition MEtabolism CANcer/CIMIAD, 2 avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, Rennes, France
| | - Vincent Meuric
- INSERM 1241/NUtrition MEtabolism CANcer/CIMIAD, 2 avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, Rennes, France.,CHU Rennes, 2 rue Henri Le Guilloux, 35000 Rennes, France.,Université de Rennes 1, 2 avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France
| | - Shao Bing Fong
- Université de Rennes 1, 2 avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France
| | - Martine Bonnaure-Mallet
- INSERM 1241/NUtrition MEtabolism CANcer/CIMIAD, 2 avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, Rennes, France.,CHU Rennes, 2 rue Henri Le Guilloux, 35000 Rennes, France.,Université de Rennes 1, 2 avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France
| | - Anne Jolivet-Gougeon
- INSERM 1241/NUtrition MEtabolism CANcer/CIMIAD, 2 avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, Rennes, France.,CHU Rennes, 2 rue Henri Le Guilloux, 35000 Rennes, France.,Université de Rennes 1, 2 avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France
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22
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Hegarty JW, Guinane CM, Ross RP, Hill C, Cotter PD. Bacteriocin production: a relatively unharnessed probiotic trait? F1000Res 2016; 5:2587. [PMID: 27853525 PMCID: PMC5089130 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.9615.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are “live microorganisms which, when consumed in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit to the host”. A number of attributes are highly sought after among these microorganisms, including immunomodulation, epithelial barrier maintenance, competitive exclusion, production of short-chain fatty acids, and bile salt metabolism. Bacteriocin production is also generally regarded as a probiotic trait, but it can be argued that, in contrast to other traits, it is often considered a feature that is desirable, rather than a key probiotic trait. As such, the true potential of these antimicrobials has yet to be realised.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Hegarty
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland; Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - R Paul Ross
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Colin Hill
- Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Paul D Cotter
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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23
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Walsh CJ, Guinane CM, Hill C, Ross RP, O'Toole PW, Cotter PD. In silico identification of bacteriocin gene clusters in the gastrointestinal tract, based on the Human Microbiome Project's reference genome database. BMC Microbiol 2015; 15:183. [PMID: 26377179 PMCID: PMC4573289 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-015-0515-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The human gut microbiota comprises approximately 100 trillion microbial cells which significantly impact many aspects of human physiology - including metabolism, nutrient absorption and immune function. Disturbances in this population have been implicated in many conditions and diseases, including obesity, type-2 diabetes and inflammatory bowel disease. This suggests that targeted manipulation or shaping of the gut microbiota, by bacteriocins and other antimicrobials, has potential as a therapeutic tool for the prevention or treatment of these conditions. With this in mind, several studies have used traditional culture-dependent approaches to successfully identify bacteriocin-producers from the mammalian gut. In silico-based approaches to identify novel gene clusters are now also being utilised to take advantage of the vast amount of data currently being generated by next generation sequencing technologies. In this study, we employed an in silico screening approach to mine potential bacteriocin clusters in genome-sequenced isolates from the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). More specifically, the bacteriocin genome-mining tool BAGEL3 was used to identify potential bacteriocin producers in the genomes of the GIT subset of the Human Microbiome Project’s reference genome database. Each of the identified gene clusters were manually annotated and potential bacteriocin-associated genes were evaluated. Results We identified 74 clusters of note from 59 unique members of the Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Fusobacteria and Synergistetes. The most commonly identified class of bacteriocin was the >10 kDa class, formerly known as bacteriolysins, followed by lantibiotics and sactipeptides. Conclusions Multiple bacteriocin gene clusters were identified in a dataset representative of the human gut microbiota. Interestingly, many of these were associated with species and genera which are not typically associated with bacteriocin production. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12866-015-0515-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calum J Walsh
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland. .,School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
| | | | - Colin Hill
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland. .,School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
| | - R Paul Ross
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland. .,School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Paul W O'Toole
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland. .,School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Paul D Cotter
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland. .,APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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24
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Reid G, Brigidi P, Burton JP, Contractor N, Duncan S, Fargier E, Hill C, Lebeer S, Martín R, McBain AJ, Mor G, O'Neill C, Rodríguez JM, Swann J, van Hemert S, Ansell J. Microbes central to human reproduction. Am J Reprod Immunol 2014; 73:1-11. [PMID: 25250861 PMCID: PMC4282787 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As studies uncover the breadth of microbes associated with human life, opportunities will emerge to manipulate and augment their functions in ways that improve health and longevity. From involvement in the complexities of reproduction and fetal/infant development, to delaying the onset of disease, and indeed countering many maladies, microbes offer hope for human well-being. Evidence is emerging to suggest that microbes may play a beneficial role in body sites traditionally viewed as being sterile. Although further evidence is required, we propose that much of medical dogma is about to change significantly through recognition and understanding of these hitherto unrecognized microbe–host interactions. A meeting of the International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics held in Aberdeen, Scotland (June 2014), presented new views and challenged established concepts on the role of microbes in reproduction and health of the mother and infant. This article summarizes some of the main aspects of these discussions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Reid
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Departments of Microbiology & Immunology and Surgery, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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25
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Park SJ, Kim J, Lee JS, Rhee SK, Kim H. Characterization of the fecal microbiome in different swine groups by high-throughput sequencing. Anaerobe 2014; 28:157-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2014.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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