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Bhatt AP, Arnold JW, Awoniyi M, Sun S, Santiago VF, Quintela PH, Walsh K, Ngobeni R, Hansen B, Gulati A, Carroll IM, Azcarate-Peril MA, Fodor AA, Swann J, Bartelt LA. Giardia Antagonizes Beneficial Functions of Indigenous and Therapeutic Intestinal Bacteria during Malnutrition. bioRxiv 2024:2024.01.22.575921. [PMID: 38328247 PMCID: PMC10849499 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.22.575921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Undernutrition in children commonly disrupts the structure and function of the small intestinal microbial community, leading to enteropathies, compromised metabolic health, and impaired growth and development. The mechanisms by which diet and microbes mediate the balance between commensal and pathogenic intestinal flora remain elusive. In a murine model of undernutrition, we investigated the direct interactions Giardia lamblia, a prevalent small intestinal pathogen, on indigenous microbiota and specifically on Lactobacillus strains known for their mucosal and growth homeostatic properties. Our research reveals that Giardia colonization shifts the balance of lactic acid bacteria, causing a relative decrease in Lactobacillus spp . and an increase in Bifidobacterium spp . This alteration corresponds with a decrease in multiple indicators of mucosal and nutritional homeostasis. Additionally, protein-deficient conditions coupled with Giardia infection exacerbate the rise of primary bile acids and susceptibility to bile acid-induced intestinal barrier damage. In epithelial cell monolayers, Lactobacillus spp . mitigated bile acid-induced permeability, showing strain-dependent protective effects. In vivo, L. plantarum, either alone or within a Lactobacillus spp consortium, facilitated growth in protein-deficient mice, an effect attenuated by Giardia , despite not inhibiting Lactobacillus colonization. These results highlight Giardia's potential role as a disruptor of probiotic functional activity, underscoring the imperative for further research into the complex interactions between parasites and bacteria under conditions of nutritional deficiency.
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Ling C, Versloot CJ, Arvidsson Kvissberg ME, Hu G, Swain N, Horcas-Nieto JM, Miraglia E, Thind MK, Farooqui A, Gerding A, van Eunen K, Koster MH, Kloosterhuis NJ, Chi L, ChenMi Y, Langelaar-Makkinje M, Bourdon C, Swann J, Smit M, de Bruin A, Youssef SA, Feenstra M, van Dijk TH, Thedieck K, Jonker JW, Kim PK, Bakker BM, Bandsma RHJ. Rebalancing of mitochondrial homeostasis through an NAD +-SIRT1 pathway preserves intestinal barrier function in severe malnutrition. EBioMedicine 2023; 96:104809. [PMID: 37738832 PMCID: PMC10520344 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intestine of children with severe malnutrition (SM) shows structural and functional changes that are linked to increased infection and mortality. SM dysregulates the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway, which may impact processes such as SIRT1- and mTORC1-mediated autophagy and mitochondrial homeostasis. Using a mouse and organoid model of SM, we studied the repercussions of these dysregulations on malnutrition enteropathy and the protective capacity of maintaining autophagy activity and mitochondrial health. METHODS SM was induced through feeding male weanling C57BL/6 mice a low protein diet (LPD) for 14-days. Mice were either treated with the NAD+-precursor, nicotinamide; an mTORC1-inhibitor, rapamycin; a SIRT1-activator, resveratrol; or SIRT1-inhibitor, EX-527. Malnutrition enteropathy was induced in enteric organoids through amino-acid deprivation. Features of and pathways to malnutrition enteropathy were examined, including paracellular permeability, nutrient absorption, and autophagic, mitochondrial, and reactive-oxygen-species (ROS) abnormalities. FINDINGS LPD-feeding and ensuing low-tryptophan availability led to villus atrophy, nutrient malabsorption, and intestinal barrier dysfunction. In LPD-fed mice, nicotinamide-supplementation was linked to SIRT1-mediated activation of mitophagy, which reduced damaged mitochondria, and improved intestinal barrier function. Inhibition of mTORC1 reduced intestinal barrier dysfunction and nutrient malabsorption. Findings were validated and extended using an organoid model, demonstrating that resolution of mitochondrial ROS resolved barrier dysfunction. INTERPRETATION Malnutrition enteropathy arises from a dysregulation of the SIRT1 and mTORC1 pathways, leading to disrupted autophagy, mitochondrial homeostasis, and ROS. Whether nicotinamide-supplementation in children with SM could ameliorate malnutrition enteropathy should be explored in clinical trials. FUNDING This work was supported by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, the Sickkids Research Institute, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, and the University Medical Center Groningen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catriona Ling
- Translational Medicine, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christian J Versloot
- Translational Medicine, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Matilda E Arvidsson Kvissberg
- Translational Medicine, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Guanlan Hu
- Translational Medicine, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nathan Swain
- Translational Medicine, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - José M Horcas-Nieto
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Emily Miraglia
- Translational Medicine, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mehakpreet K Thind
- Translational Medicine, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Amber Farooqui
- Translational Medicine, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Albert Gerding
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Karen van Eunen
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Mirjam H Koster
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Niels J Kloosterhuis
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Lijun Chi
- Translational Medicine, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - YueYing ChenMi
- Translational Medicine, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Miriam Langelaar-Makkinje
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Celine Bourdon
- Translational Medicine, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jonathan Swann
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Human Development and Health, University of Southampton, United Kingdom; Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Marieke Smit
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Alain de Bruin
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Dutch Molecular Pathology Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sameh A Youssef
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Dutch Molecular Pathology Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Janssen Pharmaceutica Research and Development, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Marjon Feenstra
- Translational Medicine, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Theo H van Dijk
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Kathrin Thedieck
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands; Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Johan W Jonker
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Peter K Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Barbara M Bakker
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Robert H J Bandsma
- Translational Medicine, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Zuffa S, Schimmel P, Gonzalez-Santana A, Belzer C, Knol J, Bölte S, Falck-Ytter T, Forssberg H, Swann J, Diaz Heijtz R. Early-life differences in the gut microbiota composition and functionality of infants at elevated likelihood of developing autism spectrum disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:257. [PMID: 37443359 PMCID: PMC10344877 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02556-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence from cross-sectional human studies, and preliminary microbial-based intervention studies, have implicated the microbiota-gut-brain axis in the neurobiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Using a prospective longitudinal study design, we investigated the developmental profile of the fecal microbiota and metabolome in infants with (n = 16) and without (n = 19) a family history of ASD across the first 36 months of life. In addition, the general developmental levels of infants were evaluated using the Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL) test at 5 and 36 months of age, and with ADOS-2 at 36 months of age. At 5 months of age, infants at elevated-likelihood of ASD (EL) harbored less Bifidobacterium and more Clostridium and Klebsiella species compared to the low-likelihood infants (LL). Untargeted metabolic profiling highlighted that LL infants excreted a greater amount of fecal γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) at 5 months, which progressively declined with age. Similar age-dependent patterns were not observed in the EL group, with GABA being consistently low across all timepoints. Integrated microbiome-metabolome analysis showed a positive correlation between GABA and Bifidobacterium species and negative associations with Clostridium species. In vitro experiments supported these observations demonstrating that bifidobacteria can produce GABA while clostridia can consume it. At the behavioral level, there were no significant differences between the EL and LL groups at 5 months. However, at 36 months of age, the EL group had significantly lower MSEL and ADOS-2 scores compared to the LL group. Taken together, the present results reveal early life alterations in gut microbiota composition and functionality in infants at elevated-likelihood of ASD. These changes occur before any behavioral impairments can be detected, supporting a possible role for the gut microbiota in emerging behavioral variability later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Zuffa
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Patrick Schimmel
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Clara Belzer
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Knol
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Danone Nutricia Research, Uppsalalaan 12, 3584 CT, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sven Bölte
- Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
- Curtin Autism Research Group, Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Terje Falck-Ytter
- Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
- Development and Neurodiversity Lab, Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, 751 42, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hans Forssberg
- Department of Women's & Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonathan Swann
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
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Smith LE, Chagwena DT, Bourke C, Robertson R, Fernando S, Tavengwa NV, Cairns J, Ndhlela T, Matumbu E, Brown T, Datta K, Mutasa B, Tengende A, Chidhanguro D, Langhaug L, Makanza M, Chasekwa B, Mutasa K, Swann J, Kelly P, Ntozini R, Prendergast A. Child Health, Agriculture and Integrated Nutrition (CHAIN): protocol for a randomised controlled trial of improved infant and young child feeding in rural Zimbabwe. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e056435. [PMID: 36585147 PMCID: PMC9809274 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-056435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Over one-quarter of children in sub-Saharan Africa are stunted; however, commercial supplements only partially meet child nutrient requirements, cannot be sustainably produced, and do not resolve physiological barriers to adequate nutrition (eg, inflammation, microbiome dysbiosis and metabolic dysfunction). Redesigning current infant and young child feeding (IYCF) interventions using locally available foods to improve intake, uptake and utilisation of nutrients could ameliorate underlying pathogenic pathways and improve infant growth during the critical period of complementary feeding, to reduce the global burden of stunting. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Child Health Agriculture Integrated Nutrition is an open-label, individual household randomised trial comparing the effects of IYCF versus 'IYCF-plus' on nutrient intake during infancy. The IYCF intervention comprises behaviour change modules to promote infant nutrition delivered by community health workers, plus small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplements from 6 to 12 months of age which previously reduced stunting at 18 months of age by ~20% in rural Zimbabwe. The 'IYCF-plus' intervention provides these components plus powdered NUA-45 biofortified sugar beans, whole egg powder, moringa leaf powder and provitamin A maize. The trial will enrol 192 infants between 5 and 6 months of age in Shurugwi district, Zimbabwe. Research nurses will collect data plus blood, urine and stool samples at baseline (5-6 months of age) and endline (9-11 months of age). The primary outcome is energy intake, measured by multipass 24-hour dietary recall at 9-11 months of age. Secondary outcomes include nutrient intake, anthropometry and haemoglobin concentration. Nested laboratory substudies will evaluate the gut microbiome, environmental enteric dysfunction, metabolic phenotypes and innate immune function. Qualitative substudies will explore the acceptability and feasibility of the IYCF-plus intervention among participants and community stakeholders, and the effects of migration on food production and consumption. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04874688) and was approved by the Medical Research Council of Zimbabwe (MRCZ/A/2679) with the final version 1.4 approved on 20 August 2021, following additional amendments. Dissemination of trial results will be conducted through the Community Engagement Advisory Board in the study district and through national-level platforms. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04874688.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Smith
- Public and Ecosystem Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Dexter T Chagwena
- Nutrition, Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe
- Nutrition, Ministry of Health and Child Care, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Claire Bourke
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University, London, UK
| | | | - Shamiso Fernando
- Nutrition, Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Naume V Tavengwa
- Nutrition, Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | | | | | - Exhibit Matumbu
- Nutrition, Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | | | | | - Batsirai Mutasa
- Nutrition, Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Alice Tengende
- Nutrition, Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Dzivaidzo Chidhanguro
- Nutrition, Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Lisa Langhaug
- Nutrition, Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Maggie Makanza
- Nutrition, Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Bernard Chasekwa
- Nutrition, Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Kuda Mutasa
- Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Jonathan Swann
- University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - Paul Kelly
- Barts and The London School of Medicine, London, UK
| | - Robert Ntozini
- Biostatistics & IT, Zvitambo Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe
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Marino LV, Paulson S, Ashton JJ, Weeks C, Young A, Pappachan JV, Swann J, Johnson MJ, Beattie RM. A Scoping Review: Urinary Markers of Metabolic Maturation in Preterm Infants and Future Interventions to Improve Growth. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14193957. [PMID: 36235609 PMCID: PMC9571892 DOI: 10.3390/nu14193957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Growth failure in infants born preterm is a significant issue, increasing the risk of poorer neurodevelopmental outcomes and metabolic syndrome later in life. During the first 1000 days of life biological systems mature rapidly involving developmental programming, cellular senescence, and metabolic maturation, regulating normal growth and development. However, little is known about metabolic maturation in infants born preterm and the relationship with growth. Objective: To examine the available evidence on urinary markers of metabolic maturation and their relationship with growth in infants born preterm. Eligibility criteria: Studies including in this scoping review using qualitative or quantitative methods to describe urinary markers of metabolic maturation and the relationship with growth in infants born preterm. Results: After a screening process 15 titles were included in this review, from 1998–2021 drawing from China (n = 1), Italy (n = 3), Germany (n = 3), Greece (n = 1), Japan (n = 2), Norway (n = 1), Portugal (n = 1), Spain (n = 2) and USA (n = 1). The included studies examined urinary metabolites in 1131 infants. A content analysis identified 4 overarching themes relating to; (i) metabolic maturation relative to gestational age, (ii) metabolic signature and changes in urinary metabolites over time, (iii) nutrition and (iv) growth. Conclusion: The results of this scoping review suggest there are considerable gaps in our knowledge relating to factors associated with metabolic instability, what constitutes normal maturation of preterm infants, and how the development of reference phenome age z scores for metabolites of interest could improve nutritional and growth outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luise V. Marino
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Southampton Children’s Hospital, NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton S016 6YD, UK
- Faculty of Health Science, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, NHS Foundation, Southampton S016 6YD, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)-23-8079-6000
| | - Simone Paulson
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Southampton Children’s Hospital, NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton S016 6YD, UK
| | - James J. Ashton
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, NHS Foundation, Southampton S016 6YD, UK
- Paediatric Gastroenterology, Southampton Children’s Hospital, NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton S016 6YD, UK
- Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Charlotte Weeks
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Southampton Children’s Hospital, NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton S016 6YD, UK
| | - Aneurin Young
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, NHS Foundation, Southampton S016 6YD, UK
- Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
- Department of Neonatal Medicine, Southampton Children’s Hospital, University Hospital Southampton, NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton S016 6YD, UK
| | - John V. Pappachan
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Southampton Children’s Hospital, NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton S016 6YD, UK
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Jonathan Swann
- Biomolecular Medicine, School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Mark J. Johnson
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, NHS Foundation, Southampton S016 6YD, UK
- Department of Neonatal Medicine, Southampton Children’s Hospital, University Hospital Southampton, NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton S016 6YD, UK
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Robert Mark Beattie
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, NHS Foundation, Southampton S016 6YD, UK
- Paediatric Gastroenterology, Southampton Children’s Hospital, NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton S016 6YD, UK
- Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
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Vaitkute G, Panic G, Alber DG, Faizura-Yeop I, Cloutman-Green E, Swann J, Veys P, Standing JF, Klein N, Bajaj-Elliott M. Linking gastrointestinal microbiota and metabolome dynamics to clinical outcomes in paediatric haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Microbiome 2022; 10:89. [PMID: 35689247 PMCID: PMC9185888 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-022-01270-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a curative procedure for a variety of conditions. Despite major advances, a plethora of adverse clinical outcomes can develop post-transplantation including graft-versus-host disease and infections, which remain the major causes of morbidity and mortality. There is increasing evidence that the gastrointestinal microbiota is associated with clinical outcomes post-haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Herein, we investigated the longitudinal dynamics of the gut microbiota and metabolome and potential associations to clinical outcomes in paediatric haematopoietic stem cell transplantation at a single centre. RESULTS On admission (baseline), the majority of patients presented with a different gut microbial composition in comparison with healthy control children with a significantly lower alpha diversity. A further, marked decrease in alpha diversity was observed immediately post-transplantation and in most microbial diversity, and composition did not return to baseline status whilst hospitalised. Longitudinal trajectories identified continuous fluctuations in microbial composition, with the dominance of a single taxon in a significant proportion of patients. Using pam clustering, three clusters were observed in the dataset. Cluster 1 was common pre-transplantation, characterised by a higher abundance of Clostridium XIVa, Bacteroides and Lachnospiraceae; cluster 2 and cluster 3 were more common post-transplantation with a higher abundance of Streptococcus and Staphylococcus in the former whilst Enterococcus, Enterobacteriaceae and Escherichia predominated in the latter. Cluster 3 was also associated with a higher risk of viraemia. Likewise, further multivariate analysis reveals Enterobacteriaceae, viraemia, use of total parenteral nutrition and various antimicrobials contributing towards cluster 3, Streptococcaceae, Staphylococcaceae, Neisseriaceae, vancomycin and metronidazole contributing towards cluster 2. Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, Bifidobacteriaceae and not being on total parenteral nutrition contributed to cluster 1. Untargeted metabolomic analyses revealed changes that paralleled fluctuations in microbiota composition; importantly, low faecal butyrate was associated with a higher risk of viraemia. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the frequent shifts and dominations in the gut microbiota of paediatric patients undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The study reveals associations between the faecal microbiota, metabolome and viraemia. To identify and explore the potential of microbial biomarkers that may predict the risk of complications post-HSCT, larger multi-centre studies investigating the longitudinal microbial profiling in paediatric haematopoietic stem cell transplantation are warranted. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gintare Vaitkute
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, WC1N 1EH UK
- Department of Surgical Biotechnology, UCL Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, UCL, London, NW3 2PF UK
| | - Gordana Panic
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ UK
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Dagmar G. Alber
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, WC1N 1EH UK
| | | | | | - Jonathan Swann
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ UK
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Paul Veys
- Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, WC1N 3JH UK
| | - Joseph F. Standing
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, WC1N 1EH UK
- Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, WC1N 3JH UK
| | - Nigel Klein
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, WC1N 1EH UK
- Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, WC1N 3JH UK
| | - Mona Bajaj-Elliott
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, WC1N 1EH UK
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Osman A, Zuffa S, Walton G, Fagbodun E, Zanos P, Georgiou P, Kitchen I, Swann J, Bailey A. Post-weaning A1/A2 β-casein milk intake modulates depressive-like behavior, brain μ-opioid receptors, and the metabolome of rats. iScience 2021; 24:103048. [PMID: 34585111 PMCID: PMC8450247 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The postnatal period is critical for brain and behavioral development and is sensitive to environmental stimuli, such as nutrition. Prevention of weaning from maternal milk was previously shown to cause depressive-like behavior in rats. Additionally, loss of dietary casein was found to act as a developmental trigger for a population of brain opioid receptors. Here, we explore the effect of exposure to milk containing A1 and A2 β-casein beyond weaning. A1 but not A2 β-casein milk significantly increased stress-induced immobility in rats, concomitant with an increased abundance of Clostridium histolyticum bacterial group in the caecum and colon of A1 β-casein fed animals, brain region-specific alterations of μ-opioid and oxytocin receptors, and modifications in urinary biochemical profiles. Moreover, urinary gut microbial metabolites strongly correlated with altered brain metabolites. These findings suggest that consumption of milk containing A1 β-casein beyond weaning age may affect mood via a possible gut-brain axis mechanism. Postnatal brain development is sensitive to nutritional exposures Consumption of A1 but not A2 β-casein milk post-weaning affects mood in rats Gut microbial, biochemical, and neurochemical changes accompany mood alterations Urinary gut microbial metabolites correlate with brain metabolites
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Osman
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Simone Zuffa
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Gemma Walton
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Elizabeth Fagbodun
- Pharmacology Section, Institute of Medical and Biomedical Education, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Panos Zanos
- Department of Psychology, University of Cyprus, 1 University Avenue, 2109 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Polymnia Georgiou
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ian Kitchen
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Jonathan Swann
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.,School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Alexis Bailey
- Pharmacology Section, Institute of Medical and Biomedical Education, St George's University of London, London, UK
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8
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Leng J, McNally S, Walton G, Swann J, Proudman C, Argo C, Emery S, La Ragione R, Eustace R. Hay vs haylage: Forage type influences the equine urinary metabonome and faecal microbiota. Equine Vet J 2021; 54:614-625. [PMID: 33900659 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut microbial communities are increasingly being linked to diseases in animals and humans. Obesity and its associated diseases are a concern for horse owners and veterinarians, and there is a growing interest in the link among diet, the intestinal microbiota and metabolic disease. OBJECTIVES Assess the influence of long-term hay or haylage feeding on the microbiota and metabolomes of 20 Welsh mountain ponies. STUDY DESIGN Longitudinal study. METHODS Urine, faeces and blood were collected from 20 ponies on a monthly basis over a 13-month period. Urine and faeces were analysed using proton magnetic resonance (1 H NMR) spectroscopy and faecal bacterial DNA underwent 16S rRNA gene sequencing. RESULTS Faecal bacterial community profiles were observed to be different for the two groups, with discriminant analysis identifying 102 bacterial groups (or operational taxonomic units, OTUs) that differed in relative abundance in accordance with forage type. Urinary metabolic profiles of the hay- and haylage-fed ponies were significantly different during 12 of the 13 mo of the study. Notably, the urinary excretion of hippurate was greater in the hay-fed ponies for the duration of the study, while ethyl-glucoside excretion was higher in the haylage-fed ponies. MAIN LIMITATIONS The study was undertaken over a 13-month period and both groups of ponies had access to pasture during the summer months. CONCLUSIONS The data generated from this study suggest that the choice of forage may have implications for the intestinal microbiota and metabolism of ponies and, therefore, potentially their health status. Understanding the potential implication of feeding a particular type of forage will enable horse owners to make more informed choices with regard to feed, especially if their horse or pony is prone to weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Leng
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK
| | - Susan McNally
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK
| | - Gemma Walton
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Jonathan Swann
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Chris Proudman
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK
| | | | - Sue Emery
- The Laminitis Clinic, Chippenham, Wiltshire, UK
| | - Roberto La Ragione
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK
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9
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Burgess SL, Leslie JL, Uddin J, Oakland DN, Gilchrist C, Moreau GB, Watanabe K, Saleh M, Simpson M, Thompson BA, Auble DT, Turner SD, Giallourou N, Swann J, Pu Z, Ma JZ, Haque R, Petri WA. Gut microbiome communication with bone marrow regulates susceptibility to amebiasis. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:4019-4024. [PMID: 32369444 PMCID: PMC7410058 DOI: 10.1172/jci133605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiome provides resistance to infection. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We demonstrate that colonization with the intestinal bacterium Clostridium scindens protects from Entamoeba histolytica colitis via innate immunity. Introduction of C. scindens into the gut microbiota epigenetically altered and expanded bone marrow granulocyte-monocyte progenitors (GMPs) and resulted in increased intestinal neutrophils with subsequent challenge with E. histolytica. Introduction of C. scindens alone was sufficient to expand GMPs in gnotobiotic mice. Adoptive transfer of bone marrow from C. scindens-colonized mice into naive mice protected against amebic colitis and increased intestinal neutrophils. Children without E. histolytica diarrhea also had a higher abundance of Lachnoclostridia. Lachnoclostridia C. scindens can metabolize the bile salt cholate, so we measured deoxycholate and discovered that it was increased in the sera of C. scindens-colonized specific pathogen-free and gnotobiotic mice, as well as in children protected from amebiasis. Administration of deoxycholate alone increased GMPs and provided protection from amebiasis. We elucidated a mechanism by which C. scindens and the microbially metabolized bile salt deoxycholic acid alter hematopoietic precursors and provide innate protection from later infection with E. histolytica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey L. Burgess
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Jhansi L. Leslie
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Jashim Uddin
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - David N. Oakland
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Carol Gilchrist
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - G. Brett Moreau
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Koji Watanabe
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- AIDS Clinical Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mahmoud Saleh
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Morgan Simpson
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Brandon A. Thompson
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Stephen D. Turner
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Natasa Giallourou
- Division of Integrative Systems Medicine and Digestive Diseases, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Swann
- Division of Integrative Systems Medicine and Digestive Diseases, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zhen Pu
- Department of Statistics and
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Jennie Z. Ma
- Department of Statistics and
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Rashidul Haque
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - William A. Petri
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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Breton J, Giallourou N, Nobis S, Morin A, Achamrah N, Goichon A, Belmonte L, Dechelotte P, Rego JLD, Coëffier M, Swann J. Characterizing the metabolic perturbations induced by activity-based anorexia in the C57Bl/6 mouse using 1H NMR spectroscopy. Clin Nutr 2020; 39:2428-2434. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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11
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Louis-Auguste J, Besa E, Zyambo K, Munkombwe D, Banda R, Banda T, Watson A, Mayneris-Perxachs J, Swann J, Kelly P. Tryptophan, glutamine, leucine, and micronutrient supplementation improves environmental enteropathy in Zambian adults: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 110:1240-1252. [PMID: 31504110 PMCID: PMC6821547 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental enteropathy (EE) refers to villus blunting, reduced absorption, and microbial translocation in children and adults in tropical or deprived residential areas. In previous work we observed an effect of micronutrients on villus height (VH). OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine, in a randomized controlled trial, if amino acid (AA) or multiple micronutrient (MM) supplementation can improve intestinal structure or barrier dysfunction in Zambian adults with EE. METHODS AA (tryptophan, leucine, and glutamine) and/or MM supplements were given for 16 wk in a 2 × 2 factorial comparison against placebo. Primary outcomes were changes in VH, in vivo small intestinal barrier dysfunction assessed by confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE), and mechanistic (or mammalian) target of rapamycin complex 1 (MTORC1) nutrient responsiveness in lamina propria CD4+ lymphocytes. RESULTS Over 16 wk AA, but not MM, supplementation increased VH by 16% (34.5 μm) compared with placebo (P = 0.04). Fluorescein leak, measured by CLE, improved only in those allocated to both AA and MM supplementation. No effect was seen on MTORC1 activation, but posttreatment MTORC1 and VH were correlated (ρ = 0.51; P = 0.001), and change in MTORC1 was correlated with change in VH in the placebo group (ρ = 0.63; P = 0.03). In secondary analyses no effect was observed on biomarkers of microbial translocation. Metabolomic analyses suggest alterations in a number of microbial- and host-derived metabolites including the leucine metabolite β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate, which was increased by AA supplementation and correlated with VH. CONCLUSIONS In this phase 2 trial, AA supplementation protected against a decline in VH over the supplementation period, and improved barrier function when combined with micronutrients. Leucine and MTORC1 metabolism may be involved in the mechanism of effect. This trial was registered at www.pactr.org as PACTR201505001104412.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Louis-Auguste
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom,Tropical Gastroenterology & Nutrition Group, University of Zambia School of Medicine, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Ellen Besa
- Tropical Gastroenterology & Nutrition Group, University of Zambia School of Medicine, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Kanekwa Zyambo
- Tropical Gastroenterology & Nutrition Group, University of Zambia School of Medicine, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Derick Munkombwe
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Rosemary Banda
- Tropical Gastroenterology & Nutrition Group, University of Zambia School of Medicine, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Themba Banda
- Tropical Gastroenterology & Nutrition Group, University of Zambia School of Medicine, Lusaka, Zambia
| | | | - Jordi Mayneris-Perxachs
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Girona Biomedical Research Institute, Dr Josep Trueta University Hospital, Centre for Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Girona, Spain,Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona, Spain,Division of Integrative Systems Medicine and Digestive Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Swann
- Division of Integrative Systems Medicine and Digestive Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Kelly
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom,Tropical Gastroenterology & Nutrition Group, University of Zambia School of Medicine, Lusaka, Zambia,Address correspondence to PK (e-mail: )
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12
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Abstract
Gastrointestinal and central function are intrinsically connected by the gut microbiota, an ecosystem that has co-evolved with the host to expand its biotransformational capabilities and interact with host physiological processes by means of its metabolic products. Abnormalities in this microbiota-gut-brain axis have emerged as a key component in the pathophysiology of depression, leading to more research attempting to understand the neuroactive potential of the products of gut microbial metabolism. This review explores the potential for the gut microbiota to contribute to depression and focuses on the role that microbially-derived molecules – neurotransmitters, short-chain fatty acids, indoles, bile acids, choline metabolites, lactate and vitamins – play in the context of emotional behavior. The future of gut-brain axis research lies is moving away from association, towards the mechanisms underlying the relationship between the gut bacteria and depressive behavior. We propose that direct and indirect mechanisms exist through which gut microbial metabolites affect depressive behavior: these include (i) direct stimulation of central receptors, (ii) peripheral stimulation of neural, endocrine, and immune mediators, and (iii) epigenetic regulation of histone acetylation and DNA methylation. Elucidating these mechanisms is essential to expand our understanding of the etiology of depression, and to develop new strategies to harness the beneficial psychotropic effects of these molecules. Overall, the review highlights the potential for dietary interventions to represent such novel therapeutic strategies for major depressive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Caspani
- Computational Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Sidney Kennedy
- Centre for Mental Health and Krembil Research Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CA.,Mental Health Services, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CA.,Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, CA
| | - Jane A Foster
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan Swann
- Computational Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, UK
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13
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathan Swann
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
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14
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Caspani G, Swann J. Small talk: microbial metabolites involved in the signaling from microbiota to brain. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2019; 48:99-106. [PMID: 31525562 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The wealth of biotransformational capabilities encoded in the microbiome expose the host to an array of bioactive xenobiotic products. Several of these metabolites participate in the communication between the gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system and have potential to modulate central physiological and pathological processes. This biochemical interplay can occur through various direct and indirect mechanisms. These include binding to host receptors in the brain, stimulation of the vagus nerve in the gut, alteration of central neurotransmission, and modulation of neuroinflammation. Here, the potential for short chain fatty acids, bile acids, neurotransmitters and other bioactive products of the microbiome to participate in the gut-brain axis will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Caspani
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Jonathan Swann
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, UK.
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15
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Randall DW, Kieswich J, Swann J, McCafferty K, Thiemermann C, Curtis M, Hoyles L, Yaqoob MM. Batch effect exerts a bigger influence on the rat urinary metabolome and gut microbiota than uraemia: a cautionary tale. Microbiome 2019; 7:127. [PMID: 31477171 PMCID: PMC6720068 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-019-0738-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rodent models are invaluable for studying biological processes in the context of whole organisms. The reproducibility of such research is based on an assumption of metabolic similarity between experimental animals, controlled for by breeding and housing strategies that minimise genetic and environmental variation. Here, we set out to demonstrate the effect of experimental uraemia on the rat urinary metabolome and gut microbiome but found instead that the effect of vendor shipment batch was larger in both areas than that of uraemia. RESULTS Twenty four Wistar rats obtained from the same commercial supplier in two separate shipment batches underwent either subtotal nephrectomy or sham procedures. All animals undergoing subtotal nephrectomy developed an expected uraemic phenotype. The urinary metabolome was studied using 1H-NMR spectroscopy and found to vary significantly between animals from different batches, with substantial differences in concentrations of a broad range of substances including lactate, acetate, glucose, amino acids, amines and benzoate derivatives. In animals from one batch, there was a complete absence of the microbiome-associated urinary metabolite hippurate, which was present in significant concentrations in animals from the other batch. These differences were so prominent that we would have drawn quite different conclusions about the effect of uraemia on urinary phenotype depending on which batch of animals we had used. Corresponding differences were seen in the gut microbiota between animals in different batches when assessed by the sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons, with higher alpha diversity and different distributions of Proteobacteria subtaxa and short-chain fatty acid producing bacteria in the second batch compared to the first. Whilst we also demonstrated differences in both the urinary metabolome and gut microbiota associated with uraemia, these effects were smaller in size than those associated with shipment batch. CONCLUSIONS These results challenge the assumption that experimental animals obtained from the same supplier are metabolically comparable, and provide metabolomic evidence that batch-to-batch variations in the microbiome of experimental animals are significant confounders in an experimental study. We discuss strategies for reducing such variability and the need for transparency in research publications about the supply of experimental animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- David William Randall
- Centre for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 8BQ UK
| | - Julius Kieswich
- Centre for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 8BQ UK
| | - Jonathan Swann
- Division of Integrative Systems Medicine and Digestive Diseases, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Kieran McCafferty
- Centre for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 8BQ UK
| | - Christoph Thiemermann
- Centre for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 8BQ UK
| | - Michael Curtis
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT UK
| | - Lesley Hoyles
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham, NG11 8NS UK
| | - Muhammed Magdi Yaqoob
- Centre for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 8BQ UK
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16
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Breton J, Giallourou N, Nobis S, Morin A, Achamrah N, Goichon A, Belmonte L, Déchelotte P, do Rego JL, Coëffier M, Swann J. Caractérisation des perturbations biochimiques dans un modèle murin d’anorexie (ABA) par résonance magnétique nucléaire – étude métabonomique. NUTR CLIN METAB 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nupar.2019.01.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
Background: A greater understanding of mechanisms explaining the interactions between diet and the gut microbiota in colorectal cancer is desirable. Genotoxic microbial metabolites present in the colon may be implicated in carcinogenesis and potentially influenced by diet. Aims: We hypothesised that microbial p-cresol is a colonic genotoxin and set out to model potential exposures in the colon and the effects of these exposures on colonic cells. Methods: Batch culture fermentations with human faecal inoculate were used to determine the synthesis of p-cresol and other metabolites in response to various substrates. The fermentation supernatants were evaluated for genotoxicity and the independent effects of p-cresol on colonic cells were studied in vitro. Results: In batch culture fermentation, supplementary protein increased the synthesis of phenols, indoles and p-cresol, whereas supplementary fructoligosaccharide (FOS) increased the synthesis of short chain fatty acids. The p-cresol was the greatest predictor of genotoxicity against colonocytes in the fermentation supernatants. Spiking fermentation supernatants with exogenous p-cresol further increased DNA damage, and independently p-cresol induced DNA damage in a dose-dependent manner against HT29 and Caco-2 cells and influenced cell cycle kinetics. Conclusions: In the colon p-cresol may reach physiologically significant concentrations which contribute to genotoxic exposures in the intestinal lumen, p-cresol production may be attenuated by substrate, and therefore diet, making it a potential modifiable biomarker of genotoxicity in the colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiman Abdulla Al Hinai
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK,Dietetics Department, Al Nahdha Hospital, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Piyarach Kullamethee
- Department of innovation and technology of product development, Faculty of Agro-industry, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Prachinburi, Thailand
| | - Ian R. Rowland
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Jonathan Swann
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Gemma E. Walton
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Daniel M. Commane
- Department of Applied and Health Sciences, University of Northumbria, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK,CONTACT Daniel M. Commane Department of Applied and Health Sciences, University of Northumbria, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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18
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Breton J, Giallourou N, Nobis S, Morin A, Achamrah N, Goichon A, Belmonte L, Déchelotte P, Rego JLD, Coeffier M, Swann J. Characterizing the biochemical perturbations induced by activity-based anorexia in the mouse. Clin Nutr 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.06.2068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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19
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Panic G, Coulibaly JT, Harvey N, Keiser J, Swann J. Characterizing the Biochemical Response to Schistosoma mansoni Infection and Treatment with Praziquantel in Preschool and School Aged Children. J Proteome Res 2018; 17:2028-2033. [PMID: 29701975 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a widespread chronic neglected tropical disease prevalent mostly in children in under-resourced rural areas. Its pathological effects have been clinically characterized, yet the molecular-level effects are understudied. In this study, the biochemical effects of Schistosoma mansoni infection and praziquantel treatment were studied in 130 preschool aged and 159 school aged infected children and 11 noninfected children in Azaguié, Côte d'Ivoire. Urine samples were collected prior to receiving 20, 40, or 60 mg/kg of praziquantel or a placebo, as well as 24 h post-treatment, and at the 3-week follow up. Urinary metabolic phenotypes were measured using 1H NMR spectroscopy, and metabolic variation associated with S. mansoni infection and praziquantel administration was identified using multivariate statistical techniques. Discriminatory metabolic signatures were detected between heavily infected and noninfected children at baseline as well as according to the dose of praziquantel administered 24 h post treatment. These signatures were primarily associated with the metabolic activity of the gut microbiota, gut health and growth biomarkers and energy and liver metabolism. These analyses provide insights into the metabolic phenotype of schistosomiasis and treatment with praziquantel in two important demographics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordana Panic
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology , Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute , CH-4002 Basel , Switzerland.,University of Basel , CH-4003 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Jean T Coulibaly
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology , Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute , CH-4002 Basel , Switzerland.,University of Basel , CH-4003 Basel , Switzerland.,Unité de Formation et de Recherche Biosciences , Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny , 01 BP V34 , Abidjan 01 , Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Nikita Harvey
- Division of Integrative Systems Medicine and Digestive Diseases , Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Keiser
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology , Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute , CH-4002 Basel , Switzerland.,University of Basel , CH-4003 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Jonathan Swann
- Division of Integrative Systems Medicine and Digestive Diseases , Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
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Leng J, Proudman C, Darby A, Blow F, Townsend N, Miller A, Swann J. Exploration of the Fecal Microbiota and Biomarker Discovery in Equine Grass Sickness. J Proteome Res 2018; 17:1120-1128. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joy Leng
- School
of Veterinary Medicine, Vet School Main Building, Daphne Jackson Road, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Proudman
- School
of Veterinary Medicine, Vet School Main Building, Daphne Jackson Road, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Alistair Darby
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Frances Blow
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Townsend
- Philip
Leverhulme Equine Hospital, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus,
Chester High Road, Wirral CH64 7TE, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Miller
- Philip
Leverhulme Equine Hospital, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus,
Chester High Road, Wirral CH64 7TE, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Swann
- Division
of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer,
Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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21
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Shortt C, Hasselwander O, Meynier A, Nauta A, Fernández EN, Putz P, Rowland I, Swann J, Türk J, Vermeiren J, Antoine JM. Systematic review of the effects of the intestinal microbiota on selected nutrients and non-nutrients. Eur J Nutr 2017; 57:25-49. [PMID: 29086061 PMCID: PMC5847024 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-017-1546-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is considerable interest in the effects of the intestinal microbiota (IM) composition, its activities in relation with the metabolism of dietary substrates and the impact these effects may have in the development and prevention of certain non-communicable diseases. It is acknowledged that a complex interdependence exists between the IM and the mammalian host and that the IM possesses a far greater diversity of genes and repertoire of metabolic and enzymatic capabilities than their hosts. However, full knowledge of the metabolic activities and interactions of the IM and the functional redundancy that may exist are lacking. Thus, the current review aims to assess recent literature relating to the role played by the IM in the absorption and metabolism of key nutrients and non-nutrients. METHODS A systematic review (PROSPERO registration: CRD42015019087) was carried out focussing on energy and the following candidate dietary substrates: protein, carbohydrate, fat, fibre, resistant starch (RS), and polyphenols to further understand the effect of the IM on the dietary substrates and the resulting by-products and host impacts. Particular attention was paid to the characterisation of the IM which are predominantly implicated in each case, changes in metabolites, and indirect markers and any potential impacts on the host. RESULTS Studies show that the IM plays a key role in the metabolism of the substrates studied. However, with the exception of studies focusing on fibre and polyphenols, there have been relatively few recent human studies specifically evaluating microbial metabolism. In addition, comparison of the effects of the IM across studies was difficult due to lack of specific analysis/description of the bacteria involved. Considerable animal-derived data exist, but experience suggests that care must be taken when extrapolating these results to humans. Nevertheless, it appears that the IM plays a role in energy homeostasis and that protein microbial breakdown and fermentation produced ammonia, amines, phenols and branch chain fatty acids, and a greater diversity in the microbes present. Few recent studies appear to have evaluated the effect of the IM composition and metabolism per se in relation with digestible dietary carbohydrate or fat in humans. Intakes of RS and prebiotics altered levels of specific taxa that selectively metabolised specific prebiotic/carbohydrate-type substances and levels of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli were observed to increase. In controlled human studies, consistent data exist that show a correlation between the intake of fibre and an increase in bifidobacteria and short-chain fatty acids, in particular butyrate, which leads to lower intestinal pH. Dietary polyphenols rely on modification either by host digestive enzymes or those derived from the IM for absorption to occur. In the polyphenol-related studies, a large amount of inter-individual variation was observed in the microbial metabolism and absorption of certain polyphenols. CONCLUSIONS The systematic review demonstrates that the IM plays a major role in the breakdown and transformation of the dietary substrates examined. However, recent human data are limited with the exception of data from studies examining fibres and polyphenols. Results observed in relation with dietary substrates were not always consistent or coherent across studies and methodological limitations and differences in IM analyses made comparisons difficult. Moreover, non-digestible components likely to reach the colon are often not well defined or characterised in studies making comparisons between studies difficult if not impossible. Going forward, further rigorously controlled randomised human trials with well-defined dietary substrates and utilizing omic-based technologies to characterise and measure the IM and their functional activities will advance the field. Current evidence suggests that more detailed knowledge of the metabolic activities and interactions of the IM hold considerable promise in relation with host health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colette Shortt
- Johnson & Johnson EAME, Foundation Park, Maidenhead, SL6 3UG, UK.
| | - Oliver Hasselwander
- DuPont Nutrition and Health, c/o Danisco (UK) Ltd., 43 London Road, Reigate, Surrey, RH2 9PW, UK
| | | | - Arjen Nauta
- FrieslandCampina, Stationsplein 4, 3818 LE, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | | | - Peter Putz
- University of Applied Sciences, FH Campus Wien, 1100, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ian Rowland
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK
| | - Jonathan Swann
- Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Jessica Türk
- Yakult Germany, Forumstraße 2, 41468, Neuss, Germany
| | - Joan Vermeiren
- Cargill R&D Centre Europe, Havenstraat 84, 1800, Vilvoorde, Belgium
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22
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Abstract
The human microbiome is a new frontier in biology and one that is helping to define what it is to be human. Recently, we have begun to understand that the "communication" between the host and its microbiome is via a metabolic superhighway. By interrogating and understanding the molecules involved we may start to know who the main players are, and how we can modulate them and the mechanisms of health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia V Li
- Section of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Computational & Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Jonathan Swann
- Section of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Computational & Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Julian R Marchesi
- Section of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Computational & Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK; Divison of Digestive Diseases, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, 10th Floor QEQM Building, St Mary's Hospital Campus, South Wharf Road, London W2 1NY, UK; Department of Surgery & Cancer, Centre for Digestive and Gut Health, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK; School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3XQ, UK.
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23
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Guerrant RL, Leite AM, Pinkerton R, Medeiros PHQS, Cavalcante PA, DeBoer M, Kosek M, Duggan C, Gewirtz A, Kagan JC, Gauthier AE, Swann J, Mayneris-Perxachs J, Bolick DT, Maier EA, Guedes MM, Moore SR, Petri WA, Havt A, Lima IF, Prata MDMG, Michaleckyj JC, Scharf RJ, Sturgeon C, Fasano A, Lima AAM. Biomarkers of Environmental Enteropathy, Inflammation, Stunting, and Impaired Growth in Children in Northeast Brazil. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158772. [PMID: 27690129 PMCID: PMC5045163 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Critical to the design and assessment of interventions for enteropathy and its developmental consequences in children living in impoverished conditions are non-invasive biomarkers that can detect intestinal damage and predict its effects on growth and development. We therefore assessed fecal, urinary and systemic biomarkers of enteropathy and growth predictors in 375 6–26 month-old children with varying degrees of malnutrition (stunting or wasting) in Northeast Brazil. 301 of these children returned for followup anthropometry after 2-6m. Biomarkers that correlated with stunting included plasma IgA anti-LPS and anti-FliC, zonulin (if >12m old), and intestinal FABP (I-FABP, suggesting prior barrier disruption); and with citrulline, tryptophan and with lower serum amyloid A (SAA) (suggesting impaired defenses). In contrast, subsequent growth was predicted in those with higher fecal MPO or A1AT and also by higher L/M, plasma LPS, I-FABP and SAA (showing intestinal barrier disruption and inflammation). Better growth was predicted in girls with higher plasma citrulline and in boys with higher plasma tryptophan. Interactions were also seen with fecal MPO and neopterin in predicting subsequent growth impairment. Biomarkers clustered into markers of 1) functional intestinal barrier disruption and translocation, 2) structural intestinal barrier disruption and inflammation and 3) systemic inflammation. Principle components pathway analyses also showed that L/M with %L, I-FABP and MPO associate with impaired growth, while also (like MPO) associating with a systemic inflammation cluster of kynurenine, LBP, sCD14, SAA and K/T. Systemic evidence of LPS translocation associated with stunting, while markers of barrier disruption or repair (A1AT and Reg1 with low zonulin) associated with fecal MPO and neopterin. We conclude that key noninvasive biomarkers of intestinal barrier disruption, LPS translocation and of intestinal and systemic inflammation can help elucidate how we recognize, understand, and assess effective interventions for enteropathy and its growth and developmental consequences in children in impoverished settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L. Guerrant
- University of Virginia School of Medicine (Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and Center for Global Health), Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Alvaro M. Leite
- Clinical Research Unit, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Relana Pinkerton
- University of Virginia School of Medicine (Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and Center for Global Health), Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
| | | | | | - Mark DeBoer
- University of Virginia School of Medicine (Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and Center for Global Health), Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
| | - Margaret Kosek
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Christopher Duggan
- Division of Gastroenterology at Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Andrew Gewirtz
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences in the Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection at Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Jonathan C. Kagan
- Division of Gastroenterology at Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Anna E. Gauthier
- Division of Gastroenterology at Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | | | | | - David T. Bolick
- University of Virginia School of Medicine (Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and Center for Global Health), Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth A. Maier
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Marjorie M. Guedes
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Sean R. Moore
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - William A. Petri
- University of Virginia School of Medicine (Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and Center for Global Health), Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
| | - Alexandre Havt
- Clinical Research Unit, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Ila F. Lima
- Clinical Research Unit, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | - Josyf C. Michaleckyj
- University of Virginia School of Medicine (Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and Center for Global Health), Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
| | - Rebecca J. Scharf
- University of Virginia School of Medicine (Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and Center for Global Health), Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
| | - Craig Sturgeon
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center and Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition at Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Alessio Fasano
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center and Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition at Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Aldo A. M. Lima
- Clinical Research Unit, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
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24
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Leng J, Proudman C, Blow F, Darby A, Swann J. Understanding Intestinal Microbiota in Equine Grass Sickness: Next Generation Sequencing of Faecal Bacterial DNA. Equine Vet J 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/evj.12486_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Leng
- School of Veterinary Medicine; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7TE UK
| | - C. Proudman
- School of Veterinary Medicine; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7TE UK
| | - F. Blow
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Liverpool; Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZB UK
| | - A. Darby
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Liverpool; Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZB UK
| | - J. Swann
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences; University of Reading; Whiteknights Reading RG6 6AP UK
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25
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Blatchford P, Stoklosinski H, Walton G, Swann J, Gibson G, Gearry R, Ansell J. Kiwifruit fermentation drives positive gut microbial and metabolic changes irrespective of initial microbiota composition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcdf.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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26
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Reid G, Brigidi P, Burton JP, Contractor N, Duncan S, Fargier E, Hill C, Lebeer S, Martín R, McBain AJ, Mor G, O'Neill C, Rodríguez JM, Swann J, van Hemert S, Ansell J. Microbes central to human reproduction. Am J Reprod Immunol 2014; 73:1-11. [PMID: 25250861 PMCID: PMC4282787 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As studies uncover the breadth of microbes associated with human life, opportunities will emerge to manipulate and augment their functions in ways that improve health and longevity. From involvement in the complexities of reproduction and fetal/infant development, to delaying the onset of disease, and indeed countering many maladies, microbes offer hope for human well-being. Evidence is emerging to suggest that microbes may play a beneficial role in body sites traditionally viewed as being sterile. Although further evidence is required, we propose that much of medical dogma is about to change significantly through recognition and understanding of these hitherto unrecognized microbe–host interactions. A meeting of the International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics held in Aberdeen, Scotland (June 2014), presented new views and challenged established concepts on the role of microbes in reproduction and health of the mother and infant. This article summarizes some of the main aspects of these discussions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Reid
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Departments of Microbiology & Immunology and Surgery, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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27
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Lees H, Swann J, Poucher SM, Nicholson JK, Holmes E, Wilson ID, Marchesi JR. Age and microenvironment outweigh genetic influence on the Zucker rat microbiome. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100916. [PMID: 25232735 PMCID: PMC4169429 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal models are invaluable tools which allow us to investigate the microbiome-host dialogue. However, experimental design introduces biases in the data that we collect, also potentially leading to biased conclusions. With obesity at pandemic levels animal models of this disease have been developed; we investigated the role of experimental design on one such rodent model. We used 454 pyrosequencing to profile the faecal bacteria of obese (n = 6) and lean (homozygous n = 6; heterozygous n = 6) Zucker rats over a 10 week period, maintained in mixed-genotype cages, to further understand the relationships between the composition of the intestinal bacteria and age, obesity progression, genetic background and cage environment. Phylogenetic and taxon-based univariate and multivariate analyses (non-metric multidimensional scaling, principal component analysis) showed that age was the most significant source of variation in the composition of the faecal microbiota. Second to this, cage environment was found to clearly impact the composition of the faecal microbiota, with samples from animals from within the same cage showing high community structure concordance, but large differences seen between cages. Importantly, the genetically induced obese phenotype was not found to impact the faecal bacterial profiles. These findings demonstrate that the age and local environmental cage variables were driving the composition of the faecal bacteria and were more deterministically important than the host genotype. These findings have major implications for understanding the significance of functional metagenomic data in experimental studies and beg the question; what is being measured in animal experiments in which different strains are housed separately, nature or nurture?
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Lees
- Section of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Swann
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Simon M. Poucher
- Cardiovascular and Gastro-Intestinal Disorders Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, Alderley Park, Cheshire, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy K. Nicholson
- Section of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elaine Holmes
- Section of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ian D. Wilson
- Section of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Julian R. Marchesi
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Centre for Digestive and Gut Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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28
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Divakala KC, Chiba LI, Kamalakar RB, Rodning SP, Welles EG, Cummins KA, Swann J, Cespedes F, Payne RL. Amino acid supplementation of hydrolyzed feather meal diets for finisher pigs1,2. J Anim Sci 2009; 87:1270-81. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2008-1121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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29
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Swann J, Wang Y, Abecia L, Costabile A, Tuohy K, Gibson G, Roberts D, Sidaway J, Jones H, Wilson ID, Nicholson J, Holmes E. Gut microbiome modulates the toxicity of hydrazine: a metabonomic study. Mol Biosyst 2009; 5:351-5. [PMID: 19396371 DOI: 10.1039/b811468d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The influence of gut microbiota on the toxicity and metabolism of hydrazine has been investigated in germ-free and 'conventional' Sprague Dawley rats using 1H NMR based metabonomic analysis of urine and plasma. Toxicity was more severe in germ-free rats compared with conventional rats for equivalent exposures indicating that bacterial presence altered the nature or extent of response to hydrazine and that the toxic response can vary markedly in the absence of a functional microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Swann
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Surgery, Oncology, Reproductive Biology and Anaesthetics (SORA), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW72AZ, UK
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30
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Swann J, Rahaman F, Bijak T, Fiber J. The main olfactory system mediates pheromone-induced fos expression in the extended amygdala and preoptic area of the male Syrian hamster. Neuroscience 2001; 105:695-706. [PMID: 11516834 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4522(01)00227-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Copulation in male hamsters is stimulated by exposure to vaginal secretions of conspecifics. These pheromones also stimulate fos expression in neural areas that regulate copulation including: the medial nucleus of the amygdala, the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and the preoptic area. The pheromones in vaginal secretions are detected by both the main and accessory olfactory systems. However, the accessory system plays the greater role in the regulation of mating behavior and has direct connections with the medial nucleus of the amygdala and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. The goal of the present study was to determine which system mediates the effect of pheromones on the stimulation of more central areas by deafferenting these systems in experienced male hamsters before exposure to vaginal secretions. Destruction of the receptors in the main olfactory system with zinc sulfate eliminated the increase in fos immunoreactivity in the amygdala, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and preoptic area following exposure to sexually stimulating pheromones. Deafferentation of the accessory olfactory system by removing the vomeronasal organ had no effect on pheromone-induced fos expression in these areas. We conclude that neurons expressing fos following exposure to vaginal secretions are stimulated via the main olfactory system and are not associated with the expression of copulatory behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Swann
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, USA.
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31
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Parascandola J, Swann J. Development of Pharmacology in American Schools of Pharmacy. Pharm Hist 2001; 25:95-115. [PMID: 11611163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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32
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Affiliation(s)
- S Appu
- Department of Surgery, Western Hospital, Footscray, Victoria, Australia
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33
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Abstract
Management is an increasingly important issue for many doctors. If doctors wish to influence resource allocation, they must involve themselves in health service management. This article describes the results of an enquiry action learning project involving six doctors. As part of the project, clinical directors and their business managers were interviewed. In addition, the Police Force and BAA (formerly the British Airport Authority) were visited and their management structure, out-of-hours activities and planning for emergencies assessed. This article examines the reasons why many doctors do not involve themselves in management, such as increased time commitment and negative peer pressure, and suggests some solutions to these problems, including the need for a wider understanding of the role of clinical directors. It also considers how some organizations are already starting to address these issues, and how both doctors and hospitals can benefit from greater involvement of doctors in health service management.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hearing
- University Division of Medicine, Bristol Royal Infirmary, UK
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34
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Abstract
This community-based telephone survey determined medication patterns of 274 frequent headache sufferers who reported 12 or more headaches a year. Headaches were classified using the International Headache Society's (IHS) criteria. Participants reported on 465 types of headaches: 129 tension headaches, 158 migraine headaches, 8 chronic tension headaches, and 148 headaches which were unclassifiable using IHS criteria. Females (n = 133) reported an average of 1.9 types of headache and males (n = 141) reported 1.5 headache types. Fifty-six percent of respondents used acetaminophen for tension-type and 60% used acetaminophen for migraine. One percent used prescription medication for tension headache and 12% used prescriptions for migraine. The perceived effectiveness of over-the-counter medication was approximately 7 on a scale of 0-10 for tension headaches and 6 for migraine. Both tension-headache and migraine-headache sufferers waited about 1 h before taking any medication. Tension-headache sufferers waited until the headache was above 5 on a 0 to 10 scale (4.6 for migraine). It is possible that more aggressive use of medication might improve headache management.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Forward
- Department of Psychology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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35
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Abstract
Exposure to the pheromones contained in female hamster vaginal secretions (FHVS) produces stereotypic, sex-specific behaviors in Syrian hamsters. Using Fos as a marker of neuronal stimulation we have found that (1) FHVS stimulates neurons in the posterior subdivision of the medial nucleus of the amygdala (MeP), the posterior medial subdivision of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNSTpm), and the magnocellular subdivision of the medial preoptic nucleus (MPN mag); (2) this stimulation is mediated by the main olfactory system; (3) stimulation of the MPN mag is regulated by testosterone in males; (4) stimulation of the BNSTpm and MeP is regulated by testosterone in females; and (5) FHVS does not induce Fos production in the MPN mag in females regardless of the hormonal state. These results support the hypothesis that the main olfactory system plays an important role in the regulation of pheromonally driven behaviors, identifies functional sex differences in pathways that regulate these behaviors, and emphasizes the different roles of the BNSTpm, MeP, and MPN mag in the regulation of male copulatory behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Swann
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015-4732, USA
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36
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Abstract
The medial nucleus of the amygdala, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and medial preoptic area play critical roles in the regulation of mating behavior in the male hamster. Destruction of these nuclei or the pathways that connect them severely disrupt copulation. We have begun identifying the neuropeptides contained in these neurons as a prelude to determining the role of peptide neurotransmitters in the regulation of male copulatory behavior. We have found that substance P is localized within these neurons and is regulated by gonadal steroids. In this study we report 1) that a closely related peptide, NKA (substance K), is also present in the medial nucleus of the amygdala, the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and the medial preoptic area; 2) that all those neurons which contain SP also contain NKA and 3) testosterone also regulates the production of NKA. Thus, NKA may also play a role in the regulation of male copulatory behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Damalama
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102
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37
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Abstract
The effect of single administrations of MK-801 (5-methyl-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5,10-imine) or PCP (phencyclidine) on the induction of audiogenic seizure susceptibility by noise in immature rats was examined. Treatments with these non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists resulted in increases in noise exposure-dependent susceptibility. In neonatally drug-treated rats, seizures during adulthood were found to occur with significantly higher incidence and severity. Furthermore, drug treatments were found to lengthen what is normally a restricted developmental period within which susceptibility can be induced by noise exposure. The drugs, however, had no inherent ability to induce audiogenic seizure susceptibility if given alone. Moreover, in already-susceptible rats, MK-801 exhibited predictable anticonvulsant effects. These data suggest acute PCP or MK-801 exposures may transiently exacerbate risks inherent in certain forms of trauma. The mechanism underlying these effects is unknown although certain inferences are possible and may reveal much about epileptogenesis in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pierson
- Wadsworth Center for Laboratories and Research, New York State Department of Health, Albany 12201-0509
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38
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Abstract
Although numerous models are currently used for systematic study of the mechanisms of epileptogenesis in mature brain, few animal models have been developed that allow similar explorations in the developing nervous system. One experimental model of epilepsy supports a premise that perinatal experience can lead to eventual seizure susceptibility, however. Audiogenic seizure (AGS) susceptibility can be induced during a critical developmental period in normal mice by auditory deprivation and therefore by cochlear trauma. We studied the developmental parameters that affect success of both induction and testing of AGS-susceptibility in the rat. Intense high-frequency noise exposure was used as the traumatizing agent. The Wistar rat strain used is inherently seizure-resistant because in greater than 400 trials, untreated rats have never exhibited susceptibility at any age. Although single prolonged exposures to high-intensity noise were administered to groups of rats at ages between postnatal days (PNDs) 12 and 36, PND 14 was the age when exposure was most likely to result in eventual seizure susceptibility. Furthermore, duration of initial exposure on PND 14 determined the rate of susceptibility when measured 2 weeks later. Accordingly, we noted that single noise exposures at an intensity of 125 dB and ranging between 6 and 10 min in duration induced susceptibility in 100% of rats tested on PND 28; nonetheless, seizures among the rats exposed for 8 min were the most severe. Typically, these seizures began as wild running attacks and were followed by tonic/clonic convulsions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Pierson
- Wadsworth Center for Laboratories and Research, New York State Department of Health, Albany 12201-0509
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39
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Abstract
Semen from 18 men with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) aged 20-40 yr was compared with that from 15 age-matched control subjects. Although semen volume, sperm count, and spermatozoal motility were similar in the two groups, semen from diabetic men had significantly greater numbers of abnormal spermatozoa and significantly lower ability to penetrate hamster eggs. Concentrations of prostaglandins E2, F2 alpha, and I2 and thromboxane A2 were significantly elevated in the seminal plasma from semen of diabetic subjects compared with control subjects. These observations indicate the need for a careful assessment of fertility in diabetic men, the mechanisms underlying the abnormalities in spermatozoa, and the relationship of these abnormalities to the increase in prostanoid concentrations in diabetic men.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Shrivastav
- Department of Chemical Pathology and Human Metabolism, Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine, London, England, United Kingdom
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40
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Abstract
Acute isolation of hippocampal CA3 pyramidal cells using trypsin produces neurons which respond to kainate and quisqualate but not N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA). Incubation of 6- to 12-day-old cultured hippocampal neurons or slices of pyriform cortex with trypsin irreversibly removes the NMDA responses normally present without significant effect on responses to kainate or quisqualate. These data indicate that the NMDA receptor has a trypsin-sensitive component which is necessary for agonist recognition or ion channel activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C N Allen
- Wadsworth Center for Laboratories and Research, New York State Department of Health, Albany 12201-0509
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41
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42
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Abstract
Previous correlational studies have found no relationship between speaker height, weight and speaking fundamental frequency, although it has often been claimed that listeners can correctly identify the height, weight, and bodily build of speakers and that voice pitch is one of the cues used. In this study various social factors were controlled for, and contrasting samples of speech from each subject were analysed. Twelve men and 15 women, drawn from a socially homogeneous group, were asked to read two passages and to phonate the vowel /a:/ at "their lowest attainable pitch." The median speaking fundamental frequency from both passages was calculated and a measure of basal F0 was obtained from the phonation of /a:/. In contrast to other studies, a relationship was found between speaker height and median speaking fundamental frequency, but no relationship was found between speaker weight and F0. The correlation between median speaking fundamental frequency and height was significant only in the male sample and in one passage. Physical and social interpretations for these findings are discussed.
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43
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Abstract
Within 75 days of exposure to constant light (LL), the circadian activity rhythm of 21 of 32 hamsters had dissociated or "split" into two distinct components. These components were labeled either evening (E) or morning (M) depending on whether they appeared to be derived from the E or M portion of the activity phase prior to the occurrence of "splitting." Both regular (i.e., 4-day) and irregular (i.e., non-4-day) cycles in lordosis behavior were observed in all of the animals with an intact activity rhythm and in 18 of the 21 animals with a split rhythm of activity. The onset of behavioral estrus always occurred near the time of the onset of locomotor activity in animals with an intact activity rhythm. Among the females with a split activity rhythm, seven showed lordosis onsets only near the onset of the E component whereas five others began lordosis behavior only near the onset of the M component. Importantly, in five animals the onset of lordosis was associated on different days with either the E or M component. These results indicate that cycles in lordosis behavior persist even after the circadian rhythm of activity has dissociated into two components, and that at least one component of the estrous cycle, onset of lordosis behavior, can be coupled to either of two oscillators that underlie the circadian rhythm of locomotor activity in hamsters.
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44
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Abstract
Phenylethanolamine is present in the Aplysia nervous system in concentrations similar to that of octopamine. These are receptors that are very specific for phenylethanolamine, which on different neurons mediate sodium, chlorine, or potassium conductance increase responses. These observations indicate that phenylethanolamine may act as a neurotransmitter in Aplysia.
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Nayler WG, McInnes I, Carson V, Swann J, Lowe TE. The combined effect of atropine and beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists on left ventricular function and coronary blood flow. Am Heart J 1969; 77:246-58. [PMID: 5773734 DOI: 10.1016/0002-8703(69)90357-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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46
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Price JM, Swann J, Nayler WG. Effect of isoproterenol on contractions and phosphorylase activity of normo- and hypothermic cardiac muscle. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther 1967; 168:296-303. [PMID: 6049324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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47
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Swann J, Everett M. Eosinophilia and lichenification of the skin. Plast Reconstr Surg 1964. [DOI: 10.1097/00006534-196402000-00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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