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Geng B, Gao J, Cheng H, Guo G, Wang Z. Effects of dietary mulberry leaves on growth, production performance, gut microbiota, and immunological parameters in poultry and livestock: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Anim Biosci 2024; 37:1065-1076. [PMID: 38419533 PMCID: PMC11065948 DOI: 10.5713/ab.23.0449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the effects of dietary mulberry leaves on the growth, production performance, gut microbiota, and immunological parameters of poultry and livestock. METHODS The PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases were systematically analyzed to identify pertinent studies up to December 2022. The effects of mulberry leaf diet was assessed using the weighted mean difference, and the 95% confidence interval was calculated using a random-effects model. RESULTS In total, 18 studies that sampled 2,335 poultry and livestock were selected for analysis. Mulberry leaves improved the average daily gain and reduced the feed/meat ratio in finishing pigs, and the average daily gain and average daily feed intake in chicken. In production performance, mulberry leaves lowered the half carcass weight, slaughter rate, and loin eye area in pigs, and the slaughter rate in chickens. Regarding meat quality in pigs, mulberry leaves reduced the cooked meat percentage, shear force, crude protein, and crude ash, and increased the 24 h pH and water content. In chickens, it increased the drip loss, shear force, 45 min and 24 h pH, crude protein, and crude ash. Mulberry leaves also affect the abundances of gut microbiota, including Bacteroides, Prevotella, Megamonas, Escherichia-Shigella, Butyricicoccus, unclassified Ruminococcaceae, Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Escherichia coli in poultry and livestock. Mulberry leaves at different doses were associated with changes in antioxidant capacity in chickens, and immune organ indexes in pigs. With respect to egg quality, mulberry leaves at different doses improved the shell strength, yolk color, eggshell thickness, and eggshell weight. However, moderate doses diminished the egg yolk ratio and the egg yolk moisture content. CONCLUSION In general, dietary mulberry leaves improved the growth, production performance, and immunological parameters in poultry and livestock, although the effects varied at different doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Geng
- Shandong Institute of Sericulture, Yantai 264001,
China
- Yantai Key Laboratory, Yantai, 264001,
China
- Shandong Engineering Technology Research Center, Yantai, 264001,
China
| | - Jinbo Gao
- Shandong Institute of Sericulture, Yantai 264001,
China
- Yantai Key Laboratory, Yantai, 264001,
China
- Shandong Engineering Technology Research Center, Yantai, 264001,
China
| | - Hongbing Cheng
- Shandong Institute of Sericulture, Yantai 264001,
China
- Yantai Key Laboratory, Yantai, 264001,
China
- Shandong Engineering Technology Research Center, Yantai, 264001,
China
| | - Guang Guo
- Shandong Institute of Sericulture, Yantai 264001,
China
- Yantai Key Laboratory, Yantai, 264001,
China
- Shandong Engineering Technology Research Center, Yantai, 264001,
China
| | - Zhaohong Wang
- Shandong Institute of Sericulture, Yantai 264001,
China
- Yantai Key Laboratory, Yantai, 264001,
China
- Shandong Engineering Technology Research Center, Yantai, 264001,
China
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Hou J, Ji X, Chu X, Shi Z, Wang B, Sun K, Wei H, Song Z, Wen F. Comprehensive lipidomic analysis revealed the effects of fermented Morus alba L. intake on lipid profile in backfat and muscle tissue of Yuxi black pigs. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2024; 108:764-777. [PMID: 38305489 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Mulberry leaf is a widely used protein feed and is often used as a strategy to reduce feed costs and improve meat quality in the livestock industry. However, to date, there is a lack of research on the improvement of meat quality using mulberry leaves, and the exact mechanisms are not yet known. The results showed that fermented mulberry leaves significantly reduced backfat content but had no significant effect on intramuscular fat (IMF). Lipidomic analysis showed that 98 and 303 differential lipid molecules (p < 0.05) were identified in adipose and muscle tissues, respectively, including triglycerides (TG), phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, sphingolipids, and especially TG; therefore, we analysed the acyl carbon atom number of TG. The statistical results of acyl with different carbon atom numbers of TG in adipose tissue showed that the acyl group containing 13 carbon atoms (C13) in TG was significantly upregulated, whereas C15, C16, C17, and C23 were significantly downregulated, whereas in muscle tissue, the C12, C19, C23, C25, and C26 in TG were significantly downregulated. Acyl changes in TG were different for different numbers of carbon atoms in different tissues. We found that the correlations of C (14-18) in adipose tissue were higher, but in muscle tissue, the correlations of C (18-26) were higher. Through pathway enrichment analysis, we identified six and four metabolic pathways with the highest contributions of differential lipid metabolites in adipose and muscle tissues respectively. These findings suggest that fermented mulberry leaves improve meat quality mainly by inhibiting TG deposition by downregulating medium- and short-chain fatty acids in backfat tissue and long-chain fatty acids in muscle tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Hou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Xiang Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Xiaoran Chu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Zhuoyan Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Binjie Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Kangle Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Haibo Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Zhen Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- The Kay Laboratory of High Quality Livestock and Poultry Germplasm Resources and Genetic Breeding of Luoyang, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Fengyun Wen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- The Kay Laboratory of High Quality Livestock and Poultry Germplasm Resources and Genetic Breeding of Luoyang, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
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Hou J, Ji X, Chu X, Wang B, Sun K, Wei H, Zhang Y, Song Z, Wen F. Mulberry Leaf Dietary Supplementation Can Improve the Lipo-Nutritional Quality of Pork and Regulate Gut Microbiota in Pigs: A Comprehensive Multi-Omics Analysis. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1233. [PMID: 38672381 PMCID: PMC11047539 DOI: 10.3390/ani14081233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Mulberry leaves, a common traditional Chinese medicine, represent a potential nutritional strategy to improve the fat profile, also known as the lipo-nutrition, of pork. However, the effects of mulberry leaves on pork lipo-nutrition and the microorganisms and metabolites in the porcine gut remain unclear. In this study, multi-omics analysis was employed in a Yuxi black pig animal model to explore the possible regulatory mechanism of mulberry leaves on pork quality. Sixty Yuxi black pigs were divided into two groups: the control group (n = 15) was fed a standard diet, and the experimental group (n = 45) was fed a diet supplemented with 8% mulberry leaves. Experiments were performed in three replicates (n = 15 per replicate); the two diets were ensured to be nutritionally balanced, and the feeding period was 120 days. The results showed that pigs receiving the diet supplemented with mulberry leaves had significantly reduced backfat thickness (p < 0.05) and increased intramuscular fat (IMF) content (p < 0.05) compared with pigs receiving the standard diet. Lipidomics analysis showed that mulberry leaves improved the lipid profile composition and increased the proportion of triglycerides (TGs). Interestingly, the IMF content was positively correlated with acyl C18:2 and negatively correlated with C18:1 of differential TGs. In addition, the cecal microbiological analysis showed that mulberry leaves could increase the abundance of bacteria such as UCG-005, Muribaculaceae_norank, Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group, and Limosilactobacillus. Simultaneously, the relative levels of L-tyrosine-ethyl ester, oleic acid methyl ester, 21-deoxycortisol, N-acetyldihydrosphingosine, and mulberrin were increased. Furthermore, we found that mulberry leaf supplementation significantly increased the mRNA expression of lipoprotein lipase, fatty acid-binding protein 4, and peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor γ in muscle (p < 0.01). Mulberry leaf supplementation significantly increased the mRNA expression of diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (p < 0.05) while significantly decreasing the expression of acetyl CoA carboxylase in backfat (p < 0.05). Furthermore, mulberry leaf supplementation significantly upregulated the mRNA expression of hormone-sensitive triglyceride lipase and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (p < 0.05) in backfat. In addition, mulberry leaf supplementation led to increased serum leptin and adiponectin (p < 0.01). Collectively, this omic profile is consistent with an increased ratio of IMF to backfat in the pig model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Hou
- College of Animal Scienceand Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China; (J.H.)
| | - Xiang Ji
- College of Animal Scienceand Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China; (J.H.)
| | - Xiaoran Chu
- College of Animal Scienceand Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China; (J.H.)
| | - Binjie Wang
- College of Animal Scienceand Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China; (J.H.)
| | - Kangle Sun
- College of Animal Scienceand Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China; (J.H.)
| | - Haibo Wei
- College of Animal Scienceand Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China; (J.H.)
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Animal Scienceand Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China; (J.H.)
| | - Zhen Song
- College of Animal Scienceand Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China; (J.H.)
- The Kay Laboratory of High Quality Livestock and Poultry Germplasm Resources and Genetic Breeding of Luoyang, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Fengyun Wen
- College of Animal Scienceand Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China; (J.H.)
- The Kay Laboratory of High Quality Livestock and Poultry Germplasm Resources and Genetic Breeding of Luoyang, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
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Zhang S, Pan P, Xie H, Wei C, Wang Q, Yang B, Sun Y, Li Y, Luo Y, Song Y, Jiang Q, Huang Y. Resveratrol improves meat quality traits by activating the lncRNAs-KEAP1-NRF2 axis in pigs. Meat Sci 2024; 209:109411. [PMID: 38061306 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2023.109411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
This research aims at uncovering the effects and investigating the molecular mechanisms of dietary resveratrol (RES) supplementation on antioxidant capacity and meat quality of pigs. In this study, 20 μM RES could activate the KEAP1-NRF2 antioxidant defense pathway in response to oxidative stress in porcine skeletal muscle satellite cells was firstly found. Then, twenty-four healthy crossbred castrated boars were allocated to 4 treatments that were fed with a basal diet (control) and a basal diet supplemented with 200 mg, 400 mg or 600 mg RES per Kilogram (kg) of feed for 41 days, respectively. 400 and 600 mg/kg RES-supplemented diet can effectively improve the meat quality traits and activities of antioxidizing enzymes via the KEAP1-NRF2 signaling pathway of pigs. The molecular dynamic simulation further revealed that RES could directly binding to KEAP1 to reduce the tightness of KEAP1-NRF2 protein-protein interaction. More importantly, dietary supplementation of RES also improves antioxidant capacity through a series of KEAP1-NRF2 pathway-related lncRNAs were found by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Altogether, this study demonstrated that RES improves meat quality traits by effectively increasing antioxidant levels via the lncRNA-KEAP1-NRF2 axis in vivo and/or in vitro. These results provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms by which RES, as a nutritional agent, regulates antioxidant capacity and improves meat quality in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanbao Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Peng Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Hongyue Xie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Chongwan Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Qian Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Bao Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Yanjie Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Yin Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Yunyan Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Ying Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Qinyang Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China.
| | - Yanna Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China.
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Liu Y, Peng Y, Chen C, Ren H, Zhu J, Deng Y, Cui Q, Hu X, He J, Li H, Zhu X, Yin Y, He J, Xiao Y. Flavonoids from mulberry leaves inhibit fat production and improve fatty acid distribution in adipose tissue in finishing pigs. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2024; 16:147-157. [PMID: 38357574 PMCID: PMC10864206 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of flavonoids from mulberry leaves (FML) on plasma biochemical indices, serum activities of lipid metabolism-related enzymes, fat morphology, fatty acid composition, and lipid metabolism in different adipose tissues of finishing pigs. We used 120 Chinese hybrid barrows of Berkshire and Bama mini-pigs with an average initial body weight of 45.11 ± 4.23 kg. The pigs were randomly assigned to five treatment groups and fed a control diet based on corn, soybean meal, and wheat bran or a control diet supplemented with 0.02%, 0.04%, 0.08%, or 0.16% FML. Each experimental group had six replicates (pens), with four pigs per pen. After a 7-d adaptation period, the feeding trial was conducted for 58 d. Blood and adipose tissue samples were collected from 30 pigs (one pig per pen) at the end of the test. The results showed that FML supplementation significantly decreased the feed intake to body gain ratio, the plasma concentrations of total cholesterol and free fatty acids, and the serum activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (linear or quadratic effects, P < 0.05), and decreased the plasma triglyceride concentration (quadratic, P = 0.07). Increasing FML supplementation increased the average daily gain and serum activities of lipoprotein lipase (linear and quadratic effects, P < 0.05) and adipose triglyceride lipase (linear, P < 0.05). Dietary FML supplementation decreased the adipocyte area in the dorsal subcutaneous adipose (DSA) tissue of finishing pigs (linear, P = 0.05) and increased the adipocyte area in the visceral adipose tissue (quadratic, P < 0.01). Increasing FML supplementation decreased the C20:1 content in DSA, abdominal subcutaneous adipose, and visceral adipose tissues of finishing pigs (P < 0.05) and increased the C18:3n3 and n-3 PUFA contents (P < 0.05). The lipid metabolism genes were regulated by the PPARγ-LXRα-ABCA1 signaling pathway, and their expressions differed in different adipose tissues. These findings suggest that FML improved growth performance, regulated lipid metabolism, inhibited fat production, and improved fatty acid distribution in the adipose tissue of finishing pigs, thereby improving pig fat's nutritional quality and health value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- Hunan Institute of Animal and Veterinary Science, Changsha, 410131, China
- Key Laboratory of Conservation and Genetic Analysis of Local Pig Breed Germplasm Resources, Changsha, 410131, China
| | - Yinglin Peng
- Hunan Institute of Animal and Veterinary Science, Changsha, 410131, China
- Key Laboratory of Conservation and Genetic Analysis of Local Pig Breed Germplasm Resources, Changsha, 410131, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Hunan Institute of Animal and Veterinary Science, Changsha, 410131, China
- Key Laboratory of Conservation and Genetic Analysis of Local Pig Breed Germplasm Resources, Changsha, 410131, China
| | - Huibo Ren
- Hunan Institute of Animal and Veterinary Science, Changsha, 410131, China
- Key Laboratory of Conservation and Genetic Analysis of Local Pig Breed Germplasm Resources, Changsha, 410131, China
| | - Ji Zhu
- Hunan Institute of Animal and Veterinary Science, Changsha, 410131, China
- Key Laboratory of Conservation and Genetic Analysis of Local Pig Breed Germplasm Resources, Changsha, 410131, China
| | - Yuan Deng
- Hunan Institute of Animal and Veterinary Science, Changsha, 410131, China
- Key Laboratory of Conservation and Genetic Analysis of Local Pig Breed Germplasm Resources, Changsha, 410131, China
| | - Qingming Cui
- Hunan Institute of Animal and Veterinary Science, Changsha, 410131, China
- Key Laboratory of Conservation and Genetic Analysis of Local Pig Breed Germplasm Resources, Changsha, 410131, China
| | - Xionggui Hu
- Hunan Institute of Animal and Veterinary Science, Changsha, 410131, China
- Key Laboratory of Conservation and Genetic Analysis of Local Pig Breed Germplasm Resources, Changsha, 410131, China
| | - Jianhua He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Huali Li
- Hunan Institute of Animal and Veterinary Science, Changsha, 410131, China
- Key Laboratory of Conservation and Genetic Analysis of Local Pig Breed Germplasm Resources, Changsha, 410131, China
| | - Xinghui Zhu
- College of Information and Intelligence, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Jun He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Yi Xiao
- College of Information and Intelligence, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
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Sun Y, Men X, Lin T, Deng B, Zhong S, Huo J, Qin K, Lv Z, Xu Z, Li Y. Mulberry leaf supplementation inhibits skatole deposition by regulating gut microbiota and upregulating liver cytochrome P450 1A1 expression in finishing pigs. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2024; 16:34-44. [PMID: 38131029 PMCID: PMC10730352 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Skatole, a strong fecal odor substance, is generated through microbial degradation of tryptophan in the animal hindgut. It easily accumulates in adipose tissue and affects meat quality. In this study, the effect of mulberry leaf supplementation on skatole in finishing pigs was studied. In a 35-day trial, 20 finishing pigs (barrows and gilts) were fed with a basal diet or basal diet with 6% mulberry leaves. Growth performance of the pigs (n = 10) was automatically recorded by a performance-testing feeder system and 8 pigs in each treatment were slaughtered and sampled for the remaining tests. Skatole and short-chain fatty acids were detected using HPLC and gas chromatography, respectively. Fecal microbiota were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The metabolomics analysis of feces and serum was performed with UHPLC-MS/MS. The major cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes that catalyze skatole degradation in the liver were tested by using RT-PCR and Western blot. Effects of major bioactive compounds in mulberry leaves on the CYP genes were verified in the hepatic cell line HepG2 in an in vitro test (n = 3). In finishing pigs, mulberry leaf supplementation had no significant effect on the average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and feed conversion ratio (P > 0.05), but reduced skatole levels in feces, serum, and backfat (P < 0.05), and increased acetic acid levels in feces (P = 0.027). Mulberry leaf supplementation decreased the relative abundance of the skatole-producing bacteria Megasphaera and Olsenella (P < 0.05). Indole-3-acetic acid, the intermediate that is essential for skatole production, was significantly reduced in feces by mulberry leaf supplementation (P < 0.05) and was positively correlated with skatole content in feces (P = 0.004). In pigs treated with mulberry leaves, liver CYP1A1 expression was increased (P < 0.05) and was negatively correlated with skatole content in backfat (P = 0.045). The in vitro test demonstrated that mulberry leaf polyphenols and polysaccharides could directly stimulate CYP1A1 expression in hepatic cells. These findings suggest that mulberry leaf supplementation reduces skatole production and deposition in finishing pigs by regulating the gut microbiota and promoting skatole degradation in liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Sun
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 298 Deshengzhong Road, Shangcheng, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Xiaoming Men
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 298 Deshengzhong Road, Shangcheng, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Tianbao Lin
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 298 Deshengzhong Road, Shangcheng, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Bo Deng
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 298 Deshengzhong Road, Shangcheng, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Shi Zhong
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 298 Deshengzhong Road, Shangcheng, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Jinxi Huo
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 298 Deshengzhong Road, Shangcheng, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Kaipeng Qin
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 298 Deshengzhong Road, Shangcheng, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Zhiqiang Lv
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 298 Deshengzhong Road, Shangcheng, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Ziwei Xu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 298 Deshengzhong Road, Shangcheng, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Yougui Li
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 298 Deshengzhong Road, Shangcheng, Hangzhou 310021, China
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Li Y, Mu T, Li R, Miao S, Jian H, Dong X, Zou X. Effects of different selenium sources and levels on the physiological state, selenoprotein expression, and production and preservation of selenium-enriched eggs in laying hens. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103347. [PMID: 38150828 PMCID: PMC10788287 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenium (i.e., Se) is a trace element that is vital in poultry nutrition, and optimal forms and levels of Se are critical for poultry productivity and health. This study aimed to compare the effects of sodium selenite (SS), yeast selenium (SY), and methionine selenium (SM) at selenium levels of 0.15 mg/kg and 0.30 mg/kg on production performance, egg quality, egg selenium content, antioxidant capacity, immunity and selenoprotein expression in laying hens. The trial was conducted in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement, and a total of 576 forty-three-wk-old Hyland Brown laying hens were randomly assigned into 6 treatment groups, with diets supplemented with 0.15 mg Se/kg and 0.3 mg Se/kg of SS, SY and SM for 8 wk, respectively. Results revealed that SM increased the laying rate compared to SS and SY (P < 0.05), whereas different selenium levels had no effect. Organic selenium improved egg quality, preservation performance, and selenium deposition compared to SS (P < 0.05), while SY and SM had different preferences for Se deposition in the yolk and albumen. Also, organic selenium enhanced the antioxidant capacity and immune functions of laying hens at 0.15 mg Se/kg, whereas no obvious improvement was observed at 0.30 mg Se/kg. Moreover, SY and SM increased the mRNA expression of most selenoproteins compared to SS (P < 0.05), with SM exhibiting a more pronounced effect. Correlation analysis revealed a strong positive association between glutathione peroxidase 2 (GPx2), thioredoxin reductases (TrxRs), selenoprotein K (SelK), selenoprotein S (SelS), and antioxidant and immune properties. In conclusion, the use of low-dose organic selenium is recommended as a more effective alternative to inorganic selenium, and a dosage of 0.15 mg Se/kg from SM is recommended based on the trail conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tianming Mu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ru Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Sasa Miao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Huafeng Jian
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xinyang Dong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaoting Zou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Chen F, Huang J, Zhao N, Jin F, Fan Q, Du E, Wei J. Dietary Morus alba L. leaf supplementation improves hepatic lipid accumulation of laying hens via downregulating CircACACA. Poult Sci 2023; 102:103042. [PMID: 37716232 PMCID: PMC10511811 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS) is the most common metabolic disease in laying hens. Morus alba L. (mulberry) leaf has the effect of regulating lipid metabolism. We evaluated the effects of dietary 3% mulberry leaf (MUL) supplementation in production performance, egg quality, and liver lipid deposition in laying hens. Differentially expressed genes and circRNAs in the liver were identified using whole-transcriptome sequencing. We also evaluated the effects of the MUL extract using an in vitro model of primary hepatocytes induced by free fatty acids and explored the role of key circRNAs in this process. Dietary supplementation with 3% MUL alleviated liver steatosis in laying hens, as shown by decreased fatty liver color score, relative liver weight (P < 0.01), and triglyceride levels (P < 0.05), and showed a tendency to reduce the mortality rate of laying hens (P = 0.09). In addition, mulberry leaf supplementation significantly reduced cholesterol content in egg yolk (P < 0.01). Dietary mulberry leaf supplementation downregulated the expression of genes involved in fatty acid and cholesterol biosynthesis, and upregulated the expression of fatty acid oxidation-related genes in the liver. CircACACA, which is derived from exons 2 and 3 of the acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) pre-mRNA, was significantly reduced in the MUL group (P < 0.01). Upregulation of circACACA expression reversed the lipid-lowering effect of mulberry leaf extract by upregulating sterol regulatory element-binding proteins 1 c (SREBP-1c) and fatty acid synthase (FASN) (P < 0.05). Overall, mulberry leaf is an effective therapeutic strategy for FLHS in hens and can improve liver lipid metabolism by downregulating circACACA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Chen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo and Molecular Breeding, Wuhan 430064, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo and Molecular Breeding, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Na Zhao
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo and Molecular Breeding, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Feng Jin
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo and Molecular Breeding, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Qiwen Fan
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo and Molecular Breeding, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Encun Du
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo and Molecular Breeding, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Jintao Wei
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo and Molecular Breeding, Wuhan 430064, China.
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9
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Yu A, Tang C, Wang S, Wang Y, Chen L, Li Z, Luo G, Zhong J, Fang Z, Wang Z, Lin S. Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Mulberry Leaf Powder on the Growth Performance, Lipid Metabolism Parameters, Immunity Indicators, and Gut Microbiota of Dogs. Metabolites 2023; 13:918. [PMID: 37623861 PMCID: PMC10456900 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13080918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Overfeeding and a lack of exercise are increasingly causing obesity in dogs, which has become a big problem threatening the health of dogs. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate how dietary regulations can help to improve dogs' body conditions and minimize obesity. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of dietary mulberry leaf powder (MLP) supplementation on the growth performance, lipid metabolism parameters, and gut microbiota of Chinese indigenous dogs. Fifteen Chinese indigenous dogs (6.34 ± 0.56 kg) were randomly assigned to three treatment groups and received either the control diet (CON), high-fat diet (HF), or high-fat diet containing 6% Mulberry leaf powder (MLP) for four weeks. The CON group received a basal diet, the HF group received a basal diet supplemented with 10% lard, and the MLP group received a basal diet supplemented with 10% lard and 6% MLP. The trial lasted for four weeks. The growth performance, lipid metabolism parameters, immune globulins, cytokines, and fecal microbiota were measured. Results showed that there was no significant difference in growth performance. The MLP group appeared to have decreased (p < 0.05) the serum level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and apoliprotein-A1(APO-A1) in serum. The MLP group appeared to have higher (p < 0.05) serum immune globulin A (IgA) levels. UPGMA results showed that the MLP group was closer to the CON group than to the HF group. LEfSe analysis showed that dietary supplementation with MLP contributed to an alteration in the genus Alloprevotella, Sarcina, and species belonging to the Bacteroides and Lactobacillus genus. Overall, the dietary supplementation of 6% MLP can improve lipid metabolism conditions and immunity in high-fat-diet-fed dogs, and can alter the gut microbial composition of dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiying Yu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in South China, Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (A.Y.); (C.T.); (Y.W.); (G.L.); (J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China;
| | - Cuiming Tang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in South China, Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (A.Y.); (C.T.); (Y.W.); (G.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Sutian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China;
| | - Yuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in South China, Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (A.Y.); (C.T.); (Y.W.); (G.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Lian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in South China, Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (A.Y.); (C.T.); (Y.W.); (G.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Zhiyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in South China, Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (A.Y.); (C.T.); (Y.W.); (G.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Guoqing Luo
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in South China, Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (A.Y.); (C.T.); (Y.W.); (G.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jianwu Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in South China, Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (A.Y.); (C.T.); (Y.W.); (G.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Zhengfeng Fang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China;
| | - Zhenjiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in South China, Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (A.Y.); (C.T.); (Y.W.); (G.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Sen Lin
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in South China, Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (A.Y.); (C.T.); (Y.W.); (G.L.); (J.Z.)
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10
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Ospina-Romero MA, Medrano-Vázquez LS, Pinelli-Saavedra A, Sánchez-Villalba E, Valenzuela-Melendres M, Martínez-Téllez MÁ, Barrera-Silva MÁ, González-Ríos H. Productive Performance, Physiological Variables, and Carcass Quality of Finishing Pigs Supplemented with Ferulic Acid and Grape Pomace under Heat Stress Conditions. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2396. [PMID: 37508174 PMCID: PMC10376859 DOI: 10.3390/ani13142396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of individual and combined supplementation of FA and GPM on physiological variables, productive performance, and carcass characteristics of finishing pigs under heat stress conditions were investigated. Forty Yorkshire × Duroc pigs (80.23 kg) were individually housed and randomly distributed into 4 groups under a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement (n = 10): Control (basal diet, BD); FA, BD + 25 mg FA; GPM, BD with 2.5% GPM; and MIX, BD with 25 mg FA and 2.5% GPM. Additives were supplemented for 31 days. The inclusion of FA or GPM did not modify rectal temperature and respiratory rate. There was an effect of the interaction on FI, which increased when only GPM was supplemented, with respect to Control and MIX (p < 0.05). Average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion (FC) were not affected by treatments (p > 0.05). The inclusion of FA improved hot and cold carcass weight, while the addition of GPM decreased the marbling (p < 0.05) and tended to increase loin area (p < 0.10). GPM increased liver weight (p < 0.05). The addition of GPM and FA can improve some carcass characteristics under heat stress conditions. It is necessary to continue investigating different levels of inclusion of GPM and FA in finishing pigs' diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- María A Ospina-Romero
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas, No. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo 83304, Mexico
| | - Leslie S Medrano-Vázquez
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas, No. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo 83304, Mexico
| | - Araceli Pinelli-Saavedra
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas, No. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo 83304, Mexico
| | - Esther Sánchez-Villalba
- Departamento de Agricultura y Ganadería, Universidad de Sonora, Carretera a Bahía de Kino km 21, Hermosillo 83000, Mexico
| | - Martín Valenzuela-Melendres
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas, No. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo 83304, Mexico
| | - Miguel Ángel Martínez-Téllez
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas, No. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo 83304, Mexico
| | - Miguel Ángel Barrera-Silva
- Departamento de Agricultura y Ganadería, Universidad de Sonora, Carretera a Bahía de Kino km 21, Hermosillo 83000, Mexico
| | - Humberto González-Ríos
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas, No. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo 83304, Mexico
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Qin L, Huang T, Jing R, Wen J, Cao M. Mulberry leaf extract reduces abdominal fat deposition via adenosine-activated protein kinase/sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c/acetyl-CoA carboxylase signaling pathway in female Arbor Acre broilers. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102638. [PMID: 37015160 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This experiment was carried out to investigate the mechanism of action of mulberry leaf extract (MLE) in reducing abdominal fat accumulation in female broilers. A total of 192 one-day-old female Arbor Acres (AA) broilers were divided into 4 diet groups, with each group consisting of 8 replicates with 6 birds per replicate. The diets contained a basal diet and 3 test diets with supplementation of 400, 800, or 1,200 MLE mg/kg, respectively. The trial had 2 phases that lasted from 1 to 21 d and from 22 to 56 d, respectively. The growth performance, abdominal fat deposition, fatty acid composition, serum biochemistry and mRNA expression of genes related to fat metabolism in liver were determined. The results showed that, 1) dietary supplementation with MLE had no significant impact on broilers final body weight, average daily gain (ADG), or feed to gain ration (F/G) (P > 0.05), but linearly reduced abdominal fat accumulation in both experimental phases (P < 0.05); 2) the total contents of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), such as palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, and eicosadienoic acid, were increased quadratically as a result of dietary supplements of 400, 800, and 1,200 mg/kg MLE (P < 0.01), while the total contents of saturated fatty acids (SFA), such as teracosanoic acid were decreased (P < 0.01); 3) the addition of 800 or 1,200 MLE mg/kg to the diet linearly reduced total cholesterol (TC) in the serum and liver (P < 0.05). Adenosine-activated protein kinase (AMPK) mRNA expression in the liver was quadratically increased by the addition of 800 or 1,200 MLE mg/kg to the diet (P < 0.05), and the mRNA expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), and acetyl-CoA carboxylate), fatty acid synthase (FAS) were linearly decreased (P < 0.05). In conclusion, MLE can be employed as a viable fat loss feed supplement in fast-growing broiler diets since it reduces abdominal fat deposition in female AA broilers via the AMPK/SREBP-1c/ACC signaling pathway. MLE can also be utilized to modify the fatty acid profile in female broilers (AA) at varied inclusion levels.
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12
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Miao S, Li Y, Mu T, Wang X, Zhao W, Li R, Dong X, Zou X. Dietary Coated Sodium Butyrate Ameliorates Hepatic Lipid Accumulation and Inflammation via Enhancing Antioxidative Function in Post-Peaking Laying Hens. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13050650. [PMID: 37233691 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13050650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
During the aging process of laying hens, hepatic oxidative stress damage and lipid accumulation are prone to occur, leading to the deterioration of egg quality and a decline in production properties. This research was designed to explore the effects of different levels of coated sodium butyrate (CSB) addition on oxidation resistance, inflammatory reaction, lipid metabolism and hepatic oxidative damage-related gene expression in aged laying hens. A total of 720 healthy 52 weeks old Huafeng laying hens were arbitrarily divided into 5 groups of 6 replicates with 24 birds each and fed a basal diet supplemented with 0, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 mg/kg CSB for 8 weeks, respectively. The CSB quadratically upgraded GSH-Px activities and downgraded MDA content in the liver and serum. The LDL-C, NEFA and TG contents decreased quadratically in CSB groups and significantly reduced the fatty vacuoles as well as the formation of fat granules in the liver (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the CSB quadratically upregulated the gene expression of IL-10, Nrf2 and HO1, but downregulated the gene expression of IFN-γ, TNF-α and Keap1 in a quadratic manner (p < 0.05). Moreover, the CSB quadratically degraded the mRNA level of fatty acid synthesis but increased the gene level of key enzymes of fatty acid catabolism (p < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary CSB supplementation has a favorable effect in protecting against liver injury and alleviating lipid accumulation and inflammation by enhancing hepatic antioxidative function in aged laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasa Miao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tianming Mu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wenyan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ru Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xinyang Dong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaoting Zou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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13
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Song M, Wang C, Yu M, Deng D, Liu Z, Cui Y, Tian Z, Rong T, Li Z, Ma X, Ti J. Mulberry leaf extract improves intestinal barrier function and displays beneficial effects on colonic microbiota and microbial metabolism in weaned piglets. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:1561-1568. [PMID: 36214060 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mulberry leaf extract (MLE) extracted from mulberry leaves is rich in a variety of bioactive ingredients and can be used as feed additives of weaned piglets. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary MLE supplementation on intestinal barrier function, colon microbial numbers and microbial metabolites of weaned piglets. RESULTS MLE supplementation increased the villus height and the villus height/crypt depth ratio in jejunum and ileum (P < 0.05), increased the mRNA expression of ZO-1, Claudin-1 and MUC-2 in the ileal mucosa (P < 0.05), and decreased the serum level of lipopolysaccharide (P < 0.01). Meanwhile, MLE reduced the mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β (P < 0.05) and increased secretory immunoglobulin A level in the ileal mucosa (P < 0.05). In addition, MLE increased the numbers of beneficial bacteria Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus (P < 0.05) and decreased the number of potential pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli (P < 0.05) in the colon. Correspondingly, MLE supplementation reduced the pH value of colonic digesta (P < 0.05) and altered the microbial fermentation pattern of the colon by increasing the concentrations of microbial metabolites derived from carbohydrates fermentation such as lactate, acetate, butyrate and total short-chain fatty acids (P < 0.05), and decreasing the concentrations of microbial metabolites derived from amino acid fermentation such as p-cresol, skatole, spermine, histamine and tryptamine (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION MLE supplementation improved intestinal barrier function and displayed beneficial effects on colon microbes and microbial metabolism in weaned piglets. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Song
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaopu Wang
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Miao Yu
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dun Deng
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhichang Liu
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiyang Cui
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhimei Tian
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Rong
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenming Li
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianyong Ma
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, China
| | - Junling Ti
- Guangdong Guanghui Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Co. Ltd., Shaoguan, China
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Protective Application of Morus and Its Extracts in Animal Production. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12243541. [PMID: 36552461 PMCID: PMC9774465 DOI: 10.3390/ani12243541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Different components of the mulberry tree (fruits, leaves, twigs, and roots) are rich in active compounds, and have been reported to possess potent beneficial properties, including antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-allergenic, antihypertensive, and neuroprotective. The mulberry and its extracts can effectively improve the growth performance and fitness of animals. They not only possess the properties of being safe and purely natural, but also they are not prone to drug resistance. According to the literature, the supplemental level of the mulberry and its extracts in animal diets varies with different species, physiological status, age, and the purpose of the addition. It has been observed that the mulberry and its extracts enhanced the growth performance, the quality of animal products (meat, egg, and milk), the antioxidant and the anti-inflammatory responses of animals. Furthermore, the mulberry and its extracts have antibacterial properties and can effectively moderate the relative abundance of the microbial populations in the rumen and intestines, thus improving the immunity function of animals and reducing the enteric methane (CH4) production in ruminants. Furthermore, the mulberry and its extracts have the potential to depurate tissues of heavy metals. Collectively, this review summarizes the nutrients, active compounds, and biological functions of mulberry tree products, as well as the application in livestock production with an aim to provide a reference for the utilization of the mulberry and its extracts in animal production.
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Effect of Mulberry Leaf TMR on Growth Performance, Meat Quality and Expression of Meat Quality Master Genes ( ADSL, H-FABP) in Crossbred Black Goats. Foods 2022; 11:foods11244032. [PMID: 36553774 PMCID: PMC9778122 DOI: 10.3390/foods11244032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to examine the effect of a mulberry leaf total mixed ration (TMR) diet on growth performance, apparent digestibility, meat quality and the expression of related meat-quality genes (ADSL, H-FABP) in crossbred black goats. Forty-four Guizhou crossbred black goats (Nubian black goat ♂ × Guizhou black goat ♀), weighing 33.43 ± 0.55 kg, were chosen. The goats were randomly divided into four groups, with 11 test replicates in each group. Group I was the control group and fed with the traditional feeding method of roughage and concentrate supplement without adding mulberry leaf. Group II was fed with a 40% mulberry leaf pellet TMR diet. Group III was fed with a freshly processed 40% mulberry leaf TMR diet. Group IV was fed with a 40% mulberry leaf fermented total mixed rations (FTMR) diet. The results showed that the average daily gain (ADG) of group II was significantly higher than that of group I and III (p < 0.05). The apparent digestibility of group II of ether extract (EE) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) was significantly higher than that of group I (p < 0.05), and the apparent digestibility of dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) was significantly higher than that of group I (p < 0.01). Compared with group I, meat in group II had lower meat color lightness (L*) and yellowness (b*) values (p < 0.01) in the Longissimus thoracis et lumborum. The shear force of group II was significantly lower than that of group I (p < 0.05). The total fatty acids (TFA) of group II was significantly higher than that of groups I and III (p < 0.05), but the total saturated fatty acids (SFA) of group II was significantly lower that than of group I (p < 0.01). Subsequently, the Unsaturated fatty acids (USFA), Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), and Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) of group II were significantly higher than those in group I (p < 0.01). The contents of total amino acids (TAA), total essential amino acids (EAA), total non-essential amino acids (NEAA) and total of major fresh-tasting amino acids (DAA) of groups II, III and IV were significantly higher than those of group I (p < 0.05), as well as the contents of IMP (p < 0.01). The expression of the H-FABP gene in the arm triceps of group II was significantly higher than that of groups I, III and IV (p < 0.05). The expression of the ADSL gene in the Longissimus thoracis et lumborum and biceps femoris of group II was significantly higher than that of group I (p < 0.05). Collectively, the results of the current study indicated that the mulberry leaf TMR diet improved the growth performance, apparent digestibility and expression of related meat-quality master genes (ADSL, H-FABP) in crossbred black goats, which promoted the deposition of intramuscular fat (IMF) and inosinic acid (IMP) and improved the composition of fatty acids and amino acids in the muscles.
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Wang M, Han H, Shang Y, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Su C, Lian H, Fu T, Gao T. Effect of the Replacement of Maize Silage and Soyabean Meal with Mulberry Silage in the Diet of Hu Lambs on Growth Performance, Serum Biochemical Indices, Slaughter Performance, and Meat Quality. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12223164. [PMID: 36428394 PMCID: PMC9686492 DOI: 10.3390/ani12223164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Maize silage has a high demand for fertilizer and water. As an unconventional feed resource, mulberry silage has the potential to replace most maize silage and to alleviate the shortage of roughage in the mutton sheep industry in China. The purpose of this experiment was to study the effect of the replacement of maize silage and soyabean meal with mulberry silage in the diet of Hu lambs on growth performance, serum biochemical indices, slaughter performance, and meat quality. Ninety-six healthy Hu lambs were randomly divided into four groups with six replicates per group and four lambs per replicate. The amounts of 0, 20, 40, and 60% of maize silage were replaced by mulberry silage in each group (denoted as CON, L, M, and H, respectively). The results showed that replacing maize silage with mulberry silage had no significant effect on the growth performance or the slaughter performance of Hu lambs (p > 0.05). Feeding Hu lambs with mulberry silage significantly reduced serum glucose (GLU) and the blood urea nitrogen (BUN) content (p < 0.05), and it increased the content of ether extract (EE) in the longissimus dorsi muscle (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the percentage of EAA in the M and H groups was significantly lower than that in the CON and L groups (p < 0.05). In addition, in the fatty acid profile, the percentage of C16:1 in the M group was significantly increased, while the percentage of C18:0 and C20:0 were significantly decreased (p < 0.05). Based on these findings, it was recommended that 20−40% of maize silage be replaced by mulberry silage in the diet of Hu lambs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tong Fu
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (T.F.)
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Ma J, Ma H, Liu S, Wang J, Wang H, Zang J, Long S, Piao X. Effect of Mulberry Leaf Powder of Varying Levels on Growth Performance, Immuno-Antioxidant Status, Meat Quality and Intestinal Health in Finishing Pigs. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11112243. [PMID: 36421429 PMCID: PMC9687140 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The purpose of the research was to investigate the effect of mulberry leaf powder (MP) of varying levels on growth performance, immuno-antioxidant status, meat quality and intestinal health. A total of 120 healthy finishing pigs (Duroc × [Landrace × Yorkshire], 72.2 ± 4.8 kg) were selected for this experiment and divided into four treatments, according to randomized complete block design, with three replicates of 10 pigs each (barrow:gilt = 1:1). The dietary treatments were as follows: (1) Ctrl, corn-soybean meal basal diet; (2) MP_6: basal diet with 6% MP. (3) MP_9: basal diet with 9% MP; (4) MP_12, basal diet with 12% MP. The whole experiment lasted for 33 days. Results: Compared to the Ctrl, dietary supplementation of 9% MP had no negative effects on growth performance, antioxidative capacity, intestinal digestive enzyme activities and inflammatory factors, carcass trait, the lipid profile and amino acid of muscle or related mRNA expression. MP_6 and MP_12 showed detrimental effects on average daily gain (p < 0.05) and digestibility (p < 0.05) of dry matter, crude protein and gross energy. Furthermore, MP_9 could improve (p < 0.05) the level of serum immunoglobulin M, enhance (p < 0.05) the a*24h of meat, up-regulate (p < 0.05) the mRNA expression of occludin and Mucin-2, increase (p < 0.05) the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium and decrease (p < 0.05) the relative abundance of Campylobacter in the hindgut. Conclusion: Summarizing our study, dietary supplementation of 9% MP had no negative effects on growth performance, antioxidative capacity, intestinal digestive enzyme activities and inflammatory factors, carcass trait, the lipid profile and amino acid of muscle, or related mRNA expression. Furthermore, MP_9 could improve serum immunity, enhance meat quality, up-regulate the mRNA expression related to the mechanical and chemical barriers and enrich the beneficial microbiota of the hindgut. Hence, dietary supplementation of 9% MP in finishing pigs may be advisable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Center of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Hong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Sujie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hongliang Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianjun Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shenfei Long
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: (S.L.); (X.P.); Tel.: +86-10-6273-3588 (X.P.); Fax: +86-10-6273-3688 (X.P.)
| | - Xiangshu Piao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: (S.L.); (X.P.); Tel.: +86-10-6273-3588 (X.P.); Fax: +86-10-6273-3688 (X.P.)
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Maqsood M, Anam Saeed R, Sahar A, Khan MI. Mulberry plant as a source of functional food with therapeutic and nutritional applications: A review. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14263. [PMID: 35642132 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Medicinal plants from the family Moraceae have diverse applications in agriculture, cosmetics, food, and the pharmaceutical industry. Their extensive spectrum of pharmacological activity for treating numerous inflammatory illnesses, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and gastrointestinal problems reflects their biological and therapeutic value. This article summarizes the molecular mechanisms related to the biological implications of mulberry extracts, fractions, and isolated bioactive compounds from different parts in various health-related ailments. Additionally, the food industry and animal nutrition applications are summarized. Phytochemicals such as steroids, saponins, alkaloids, glycosides, polysaccharides, and phenolic compounds including terpenoids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and tannins are found in this medicinal plant. The aqueous, ethanolic, and methanolic extracts, as well as bioactive compounds, have anti-oxidative, hypoglycemic, nephroprotective, antimicrobial, neuroprotective, anti-mutagenic, hepatoprotective, anthelmintic, immune-modulatory, cardioprotective, and skin protecting activities. Mulberry supplementation in food products improves the stability of phenolics, sensory properties, antioxidant activity, and antimicrobial properties. Mulberry leaves in animal feed increase the nutrient digestibility, growth parameters, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: This review summarized the in vivo and in vitro biological activities of the mulberry and isolated constituents in various health conditions. In addition, the food uses such as antioxidant potential, antimicrobial, and physicochemical properties were discussed. Furthermore, in vivo studies revealed mulberry as a significant protein source and its flavonoids as potential animal foliage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Maqsood
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Raakia Anam Saeed
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Amna Sahar
- Department of Food Engineering, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Issa Khan
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Bai H, Jiang W, Yan R, Wang F, Jiao L, Duan L, Jia P, Xie Y, Wang S. Comparing the effects of three processing methods on the efficacy of mulberry leaf tea: analysis of bioactive compounds, bioavailability and bioactivity. Food Chem 2022; 405:134900. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Zhang B, Wang Z, Huang C, Wang D, Chang D, Shi X, Chen Y, Chen H. Positive effects of Mulberry leaf extract on egg quality, lipid metabolism, serum biochemistry, and antioxidant indices of laying hens. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1005643. [PMID: 36187805 PMCID: PMC9523877 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1005643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant extracts are becoming a hot topic of research by animal husbandry practitioners following the implementation of a global policy to restrict antibiotic use in animal production. Mulberry leaf extract has received considerable attention as a new plant extract. Mulberry leaf polysaccharides and flavonoids are its main constituents, and these substances possess immunoregulatory, hypoglycemic, antioxidant, and anticoagulant properties. It is however less common to use them in poultry production. Therefore, we investigated the effects of adding MLE to the diet of laying hens on egg quality, lipid metabolism, serum biochemistry, and antioxidant indices in this study. A total of 288 Lohmann Silber layers, aged 38 weeks, were randomly assigned to four groups (six replicates of 12 hens each). Hens were fed a basal diet supplemented with 0 (control diet), 0.4, 0.8, or 1.2% MLE for 56 d. Results showed that the addition of 0.4–1.2% MLE to the diet improved aspartate transaminase (AST) activity in the serum of laying hens, reduced low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) content in the serum, and significantly decreased yolk triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) contents (P < 0.05). No adverse effects were observed on production performance (P > 0.10). MLE (0.4 and 1.2%) significantly reduced the TG and TC levels in the liver (P < 0.05). MLE (0.8 and 1.2%) significantly increased glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in the serum, decreased alanine transaminase (ALT) activity, TG and TC content in the serum, and improved egg yolk color (P < 0.05). MLE (1.2%) significantly increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the serum and enhanced eggshell strength (P < 0.05). The liver-related lipid metabolism gene assay revealed that the relative mRNA expression of PPARα and SIRT1 in the liver was significantly upregulated and that of FASN and PPARγ was significantly decreased after the addition of MLE. In contrast, the relative mRNA expression of SREBP-1c in the liver dramatically decreased after the addition of 0.8 and 1.2% MLE (P < 0.05). The addition of MLE to the diet improved egg quality and the economic value of hens by increasing antioxidant capacity and lipid metabolism. The most appropriate amount of MLE to be added to the diet of laying hens was 0.8%. Our study provides a theoretical reference for the application of MLE in egg production and to promote the healthy and sustainable development of the livestock and poultry industry under the background of antibiotic prohibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Technology Extension Station in Tong Town, Shaanxi Province, Yulin, China
| | - Zeben Wang
- College of Management Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Economics and Business, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chenxuan Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Dehe Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Dongmei Chang
- Zhengding County Mulberry Industry Application Research Institute, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaowei Shi
- Zhengding County Mulberry Industry Application Research Institute, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yifan Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- *Correspondence: Yifan Chen
| | - Hui Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Hui Chen
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Zou S, Sun C, Li F, Xie Y, Liang T, Yang Y, Shi B, Ma Q, Shi Z, Chai S, Shan A. Effect of Gardenia Pomace Supplementation on Growth Performance, Blood Metabolites, Immune and Antioxidant Indices, and Meat Quality in Xiangcun Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12172280. [PMID: 36078000 PMCID: PMC9454504 DOI: 10.3390/ani12172280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effect of gardenia pomace (GP) as an unconventional feed of antioxidants, 180 Xiangcun pigs were randomly divided into 3 groups during the finishing period, with 6 replicates per group and 10 pigs per replicate. During the 47-day feeding period, the pigs were fed either a control diet based on corn and soybean meal (control group), or the control diet added with 50 g/kg or 100 g/kg GP (groups GP5 and GP10, respectively). Feed and water were provided ad libitum. One pig per replicate was slaughtered and sampled. The effects on growth performance, meat quality, digestibility, metabolism, and immunity and antioxidant properties of the pigs were investigated. The results showed that GP had no significant effect on the growth performance of Xiangcun pigs. Compared with the control group, the digestibility of crude ash, phosphorus, and crude fibre of pigs in the GP groups improved (p < 0.01), and the content of inosinic acid in the longissimus dorsi muscle increased (p < 0.05). The addition of GP to the diet significantly increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in the liver and spleen, and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in the longissimus dorsi muscle and spleen (p < 0.05). Additionally, it significantly reduced the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the liver and spleen (p < 0.05). The GP5 group had a higher inosinic acid content in the longissimus dorsi and lower levels of the inflammatory factor interleukin-2 and interleukin-8 than those in the other groups (p < 0.05). The GP10 group had a higher IgA level (p < 0.05). Adding different proportions of GP to the diet improved the a* and b* of the longissimus dorsi muscles of Xiangcun pigs (p < 0.05). In summary, GP, as an unconventional feed, improved the apparent digestibility of the diet and body antioxidant capacity in Xiangcun pigs during the finishing period and did not negatively affect the growth performance or meat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Feng Li
- Correspondence: (F.L.); (A.S.)
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Ning L, Liu S, Gao L, Zhou W, Chen X, Li Y, Pan Q. Influence of dietary fermented Folium mori on growing performance, lipometabolism and disease resistance of golden pompano Trachinotus ovatus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 128:398-404. [PMID: 35970508 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Folium mori, as a plant unconventional feedstuff, are comparatively available due to cost-effectiveness, whereas their usage as aquafeed in pure form is restricted owing to the great fibre and antinutritional factors (ANFs) levels. Thereof, several methods of processing are introduced to remove antinutrient factors from the plant products, leading to improvement of bioactivity and digestibility. The assay was completed to evaluate the method of fermentation and the role of dietary fermented Folium mori (FFM) in golden pompano. Each of 5 diets with FFM at contents of 0.0%, 2.0%, 4.0%, 6.0% and 8.0% (D0.0, D2.0, D4.0, D6.0 and D8.0) was fed to the fishes with original body weight of 9.02g in triplicate sea cages for 56 days. The outcomes revealed that FFM in D4.0 and D6.0 elevated the growing performance of the fishes and the growing performance of D4.0 was remarkably improved in contrast to D0.0 and D2.0(P < 0.05). Whole body lipidic levels were obviously elevated when the diet FFM contents were below 8.0% (P < 0.05), whereas the contents of muscular moisture were generally reduced. In addition, FFM significantly increased serum high density lipoprotein (HDL) and remarkably reduced overall triglyceride (TG) in D2.0 to D6.0(P < 0.05). Moreover, FFM remarkably elevated the activities of lipase of stomach and hepatopancreas in contrast to D0.0 (P < 0.05) as well as intestinal tryptic enzyme in the entire FFM groups (P < 0.05). Eventually, FFM remarkably ameliorated disease-resistant characters of golden pompano to Vibrio harveyi in D4.0 and D6.0 (P < 0.05) and the RPS in D4.0 was optimal. To sum up, the present research displayed favorable role of FFM in growing performance, digestion, lipometabolism and disease-resistant characters, and the recommendation as to the supplementation content of diet FFM in compound feed of juvenile golden pompano is 4.0% as per the experiment status herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Ning
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences of South China Agricultural University & Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Sha Liu
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences of South China Agricultural University & Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Liuling Gao
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences of South China Agricultural University & Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture of South China Agricultural University & Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoyang Chen
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture of South China Agricultural University & Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanyou Li
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences of South China Agricultural University & Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Qing Pan
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences of South China Agricultural University & Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China.
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Ma Q, Li Y, Zhao R, Tang Z, Li J, Chen C, Liu X, Hu Y, Wang T, Zhao B. Therapeutic mechanisms of mulberry leaves in type 2 diabetes based on metabolomics. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:954477. [PMID: 36110521 PMCID: PMC9468646 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.954477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is considered as one of the most significant metabolic syndromes worldwide, and the long-term use of the drugs already on the market for T2D often gives rise to some side effects. The mulberry leaf (ML), Morus alba L., has advantages in terms of its comprehensive therapeutic efficacy, which are characterized as multicomponent, multitarget, multipathway, and matching with the complex pathological mechanisms of diabetes. Methods: T2D rats were established by a high-fat diet combined with an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin; an evaluation of the hypoglycemic effects of the ML in combination with fasting blood glucose and other indicators, in addition to the utilization of metabolomics technology, was performed to analysis the metabolite changes in serum of rats. Results: MLs significantly reduced the fasting blood glucose of T2D rats, while improving the symptoms of polyphagia and polyuria. ML treatment altered the levels of various metabolites in the serum of T2D rats, which are involved in multiple metabolic pathways (amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and lipid metabolism), played a role in antioxidative stress and anti-inflammation, modulated immune and gluconeogenesis processes, and improved obesity as well as insulin resistance (IR). Conclusion: The ML contains a variety of chemical components, and metabolomic results have shown that MLs regulate multiple metabolic pathways to exert hypoglycemic effects, suggesting that MLs may have great promise in the development of new hypoglycemic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quantao Ma
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yaqi Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ruixue Zhao
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyan Tang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jialin Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyao Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yujie Hu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Ting Wang, ; Baosheng Zhao,
| | - Baosheng Zhao
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Ting Wang, ; Baosheng Zhao,
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Su Y, Sun X, Zhao S, Hu M, Li D, Qi S, Jiao X, Sun Y, Wang C, Zhu X, Li Z, Shi Y. Dietary alfalfa powder supplementation improves growth and development, body health, and meat quality of Tibetan sheep. Food Chem 2022; 396:133709. [PMID: 35872497 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The application of alfalfa powder (AP) in Tibetan sheep to explore its healthy effects and meat quality improvement potential has not been reported. Our study found that AP improved the growth performance, serum metabolism, and antioxidation of Tibetan sheep. The edible quality, sensory quality, and nutritional quality of longissimus dorsi (LD) were analyzed. We observed lower drip loss and hue angle of meat after AP supplementation. AP also increased the cooked meat percentage, pH24h, a*24h, chroma24h, and the contents of protein and fat. The targeted metabolomics profiling revealed that the contents of essential amino acids and flavor amino acids in mutton increased by AP treatments. AP also promoted the deposition of MUFA and PUFA. Therefore, as a promising botanical supplement, AP has a positive effect on the growth, development, and body health of Tibetan sheep, and is also conductive to providing healthy and nutritious high-quality livestock products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Su
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Xiao Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Shumin Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Menglin Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Defeng Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China; Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Shengli Qi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China; Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Xilan Jiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Yu Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China; Institute of Animal Science, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Science, Lhasa, Tibet 850009, China
| | - Chengzhang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China; Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China; Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China.
| | - Zhentian Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China; Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Yinghua Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China; Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
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Azad MAK, Jiang H, Ni H, Liu Y, Huang P, Fang J, Kong X. Diets Partially Replaced With Cassava Residue Modulate Antioxidant Capacity, Lipid Metabolism, and Gut Barrier Function of Huanjiang Mini-Pigs. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:902328. [PMID: 35656170 PMCID: PMC9152454 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.902328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Agricultural by-products have been identified as potential feed resources in animal production. The present study investigated the effects of cassava residue (CR) or fermented CR (FCR) on antioxidant capacity, immunity, gut barrier functions, and lipid metabolism in pigs. A total of 120 healthy Huanjiang mini-piglets were assigned into three groups, including control group (basal diet), CR group (basal diet + 5% CR), and FCR group (basal diet + 5% FCR). The experiment lasted for 30 days. The results showed that, dietary CR or FCR supplementation increased the jejunal catalase (CAT, P = 0.063) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px, P < 0.05) levels and hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD, P < 0.05) level while decreased (P = 0.077) ileal malondialdehyde (MDA) level, when compared with the control group. Dietary CR supplementation increased intestinal SOD and hepatic GSH-Px levels, whereas decreased jejunal and hepatic MDA levels (P < 0.05). Dietary CR supplementation increased the levels of secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) in the intestine and liver, as well as jejunal interleukin (IL)-10, ileal tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and hepatic interferon (IFN)-γ, whereas dietary CR or FCR supplementation decreased the jejunal IL-1β level and increased hepatic IL-10 level (P < 0.05). In the intestinal microbiota analysis, dietary CR or FCR supplementation enhanced the colonic α-diversity and ileal Actinobacteria abundance, whereas decreased ileal Verrucomicrobia and colonic Tenericutes abundances (P < 0.05). In addition, dietary FCR supplementation increased Firmicutes and decreased Bacteroidetes abundances in the ileum and colon, whereas CR supplementation increased Escherichia-Shigella and decreased Terisporobacter abundances in the ileum (P < 0.05). Moreover, dietary CR or FCR supplementation up-regulated (P < 0.05) the gene expressions related to gut barrier functions of piglets. However, dietary CR supplementation showed negative impacts on hepatic lipid metabolism by up-regulating the expression of genes associated with fatty acid synthesis and triglyceride and lipid metabolism. In conclusion, dietary CR or FCR supplementation can maintain the health of piglets by increasing antioxidant capacity, gut barrier function, and altering the intestinal microbiota composition, but CR supplementation may increase the potential risk of abnormal lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Abul Kalam Azad
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Process in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huijiao Jiang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Process in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Swine Production, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Hengjia Ni
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Process in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Hengjia Ni
| | - Yating Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Process in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pan Huang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Process in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Jun Fang
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Swine Production, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangfeng Kong
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Process in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Xiangfeng Kong
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Cui X, Yang Y, Zhang M, Liu S, Wang H, Jiao F, Bao L, Lin Z, Wei X, Qian W, Shi X, Su C, Qian Y. Transcriptomics and metabolomics analysis reveal the anti-oxidation and immune boosting effects of mulberry leaves in growing mutton sheep. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1088850. [PMID: 36936474 PMCID: PMC10015891 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1088850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Currently, the anti-oxidation of active ingredients in mulberry leaves (MLs) and their forage utilization is receiving increasing attention. Here, we propose that MLs supplementation improves oxidative resistance and immunity. Methods We conducted a trial including three groups of growing mutton sheep, each receiving fermented mulberry leaves (FMLs) feeding, dried mulberry leaves (DMLs) feeding or normal control feeding without MLs. Results Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses revealed that promoting anti-oxidation and enhancing disease resistance of MLs is attributed to improved tryptophan metabolic pathways and reduced peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Furthermore, immunity was markedly increased after FMLs treatment by regulating glycolysis and mannose-6-phosphate pathways. Additionally, there was better average daily gain in the MLs treatment groups. Conclusion These findings provide new insights for understanding the beneficial effects of MLs in animal husbandry and provide a theoretical support for extensive application of MLs in improving nutrition and health care values.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chao Su
- *Correspondence: Chao Su, ; Yonghua Qian,
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Liu Y, Xiao Y, Xie J, Peng Y, Li F, Chen C, Li Y, Zhang X, He J, Xiao D, Yin Y. Dietary Supplementation With Flavonoids From Mulberry Leaves Improves Growth Performance and Meat Quality, and Alters Lipid Metabolism of Skeletal Muscle in a Chinese Hybrid Pig. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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