1
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Oliveira CS, Saraiva NZ, Oliveira LZ. Morphology of 16-cell embryo in bovine: Inside cells, compaction, fragmentation and effects of X-sorted semen. Anat Histol Embryol 2024; 53:e13015. [PMID: 38230835 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.13015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
In mouse embryos, inside cells are allocated in 16-cell embryos through a well-orchestrated sequence of events involving compaction and polarization. The emergence of inside cells is of great importance as itl later gives rise to the inner cell mass and epiblast. In this study, we report the sequence of critical events in embryology (compaction, inside cells allocation and fragmentation) in bovine 72 h.p.i. 9-16 cell embryos, while also investigating the effects of X-sorted semen on these events. We found a wide distribution of total cell numbers among embryos, attributed to an asynchronous cleavage pattern and blastomere death. Additionally, 13% of embryos displayed irregular shapes. The establishment of the inside cell compartment increased (p < 0.01) in embryos with more cells. However, only 53.8% of 16-cell embryos presented inside cells. Compaction was present in 32.4% embryos and was positively correlated (p = 0.03, OR 3.02) with the establishment of inside cells, occurring independently of cell number. Fragmentation was present in 36% embryos, being more frequent (p = 0.01) in embryos with lower cell numbers. A possible association between irregular shape and fragmentation was considered (p = 0.06). The use of X-sorted semen had no effect on most evaluated parameters. However, it did have a marked effect on cleavage rate (p < 0.01) and the arrest of 2- and 4- cell embryos. In conclusion, bovine embryos exhibit an asynchronous cleavage pattern, high levels of fragmentation, and demonstrate compaction and inside cell allocation later in development compared to mouse embryos. Semen X-sorting has major effects on cleavage and embryo arrest. Further studies are needed to elucidate the association between irregularly shaped embryos and fragmentation, as well as the effects of sex on inside cell allocation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Leticia Zoccolaro Oliveira
- Department of Veterinary Clinics and Surgery, Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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2
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Bhat RA, Rafi H, Tardiolo G, Fazio F, Aragona F, Zumbo A, Coelho C, D'Alessandro E. The role of embryonic stem cells, transcription and growth factors in mammals: A review. Tissue Cell 2023; 80:102002. [PMID: 36549226 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2022.102002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mammals represent a relevant species in worldwide cultures with significant commercial value. These animals are considered an attractive large animal model for biomedical and biotechnology research. The development of large animal experimental models may open alternative strategies for investigating stem cells (SCs) physiology and potential application in the veterinary field. The embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are known to possess natural pluripotency that confers the ability to differentiate into various tissues in vivo and in vitro. These notable characteristics can be useful for research and innovative applications, including biomedicine, agriculture and industry. Transcription factors play a crucial role in preserving stem cell self-renewal, whereas growth factors are involved in both growth and differentiation. However, to date, many questions concerning pluripotency, cellular differentiation regulator genes, and other molecules such as growth factors and their interactions in many mammalian species remain unresolved. The purpose of this review is to provide an overall review regarding the study of ESCs in mammals and briefly discuss the role of transcription and growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayees Ahmad Bhat
- Department of Zoology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra 136119, India
| | - Humera Rafi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Giuseppe Tardiolo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Via Palatucci snc, Messina 98168, Italy
| | - Francesco Fazio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Via Palatucci snc, Messina 98168, Italy.
| | - Francesca Aragona
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Via Palatucci snc, Messina 98168, Italy
| | - Alessandro Zumbo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Via Palatucci snc, Messina 98168, Italy
| | - Clarisse Coelho
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias (ULHT), Campo Grande 376, Lisboa 1749-024, Portugal
| | - Enrico D'Alessandro
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Via Palatucci snc, Messina 98168, Italy
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3
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Appleby SJ, Misica‐Turner P, Oback FC, Dhali A, McLean ZL, Oback B. Double cytoplast embryonic cloning improves in vitro but not in vivo development from mitotic pluripotent cells in cattle. Front Genet 2022; 13:933534. [PMID: 36246653 PMCID: PMC9563626 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.933534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cloning multiple animals from genomically selected donor embryos is inefficient but would accelerate genetic gain in dairy cattle breeding. To improve embryo cloning efficiency, we explored the idea that epigenetic reprogramming improves when donor cells are in mitosis. We derived primary cultures from bovine inner cell mass (ICM) cells of in vitro fertilized (IVF) embryos. Cells were grown feeder-free in a chemically defined medium with increased double kinase inhibition (2i+). Adding recombinant bovine interleukin 6 to 2i+ medium improved plating efficiency, outgrowth expansion, and expression of pluripotency-associated epiblast marker genes (NANOG, FGF4, SOX2, and DPPA3). For genotype multiplication by embryonic cell transfer (ECT) cloning, primary colonies were treated with nocodazole, and single mitotic donors were harvested by mechanical shake-off. Immunofluorescence against phosphorylated histone 3 (P-H3) showed 37% of nocodazole-treated cells in metaphase compared to 6% in DMSO controls (P < 1 × 10−5), with an average of 53% of P-H3-positive cells expressing the pluripotency marker SOX2. We optimized several parameters (fusion buffer, pronase treatment, and activation timing) for ECT with mitotic embryonic donors. Sequential double cytoplast ECT, whereby another cytoplast was fused to the first cloned reconstruct, doubled cloned blastocyst development and improved morphological embryo quality. However, in situ karyotyping revealed that over 90% of mitotic ECT-derived blastocysts were tetraploid or aneuploid with extra chromosomes, compared to less than 2% in the original ICM donor cells. Following the transfer of single vs. double cytoplast embryos, there was no difference between the two methods in pregnancy establishment at D35 (1/22 = 5% vs. 4/53 = 8% for single vs. double ECT, respectively). Overall, post-implantation development was drastically reduced from embryonic mitotic clones when compared to somatic interphase clones and IVF controls. We conclude that mitotic donors cause ploidy errors during in vitro development that cannot be rescued by enhanced epigenetic reprogramming through double cytoplast cloning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Jane Appleby
- Animal Biotech, AgResearch, Hamilton, New Zealand
- School of Science, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | | | | | | | - Zachariah Louis McLean
- Animal Biotech, AgResearch, Hamilton, New Zealand
- School of Science, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Björn Oback
- Animal Biotech, AgResearch, Hamilton, New Zealand
- School of Science, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- *Correspondence: Björn Oback,
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4
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Zhang ML, Jin Y, Zhao LH, Zhang J, Zhou M, Li MS, Yin ZB, Wang ZX, Zhao LX, Li XH, Li RF. Derivation of Porcine Extra-Embryonic Endoderm Cell Lines Reveals Distinct Signaling Pathway and Multipotency States. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312918. [PMID: 34884722 PMCID: PMC8657774 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The inner cell mass of the pre-implantation blastocyst consists of the epiblast and hypoblast from which embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and extra-embryonic endoderm (XEN) stem cells, respectively, can be derived. Importantly, each stem cell type retains the defining properties and lineage restriction of its in vivo tissue origin. We have developed a novel approach for deriving porcine XEN (pXEN) cells via culturing the blastocysts with a chemical cocktail culture system. The pXEN cells were positive for XEN markers, including Gata4, Gata6, Sox17, and Sall4, but not for pluripotent markers Oct4, Sox2, and Nanog. The pXEN cells also retained the ability to undergo visceral endoderm (VE) and parietal endoderm (PE) differentiation in vitro. The maintenance of pXEN required FGF/MEK+TGFβ signaling pathways. The pXEN cells showed a stable phenotype through more than 50 passages in culture and could be established repeatedly from blastocysts or converted from the naïve-like ESCs established in our lab. These cells provide a new tool for exploring the pathways of porcine embryo development and differentiation and providing further reference to the establishment of porcine ESCs with potency of germline chimerism and gamete development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Ling Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010020, China; (M.-L.Z.); (J.Z.); (L.-X.Z.)
| | - Yong Jin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (Y.J.); (L.-H.Z.); (M.Z.); (M.-S.L.); (Z.-B.Y.)
| | - Li-Hua Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (Y.J.); (L.-H.Z.); (M.Z.); (M.-S.L.); (Z.-B.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010020, China; (M.-L.Z.); (J.Z.); (L.-X.Z.)
| | - Meng Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (Y.J.); (L.-H.Z.); (M.Z.); (M.-S.L.); (Z.-B.Y.)
| | - Mei-Shuang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (Y.J.); (L.-H.Z.); (M.Z.); (M.-S.L.); (Z.-B.Y.)
| | - Zhi-Bao Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (Y.J.); (L.-H.Z.); (M.Z.); (M.-S.L.); (Z.-B.Y.)
| | - Zi-Xin Wang
- Inner Mongolia Saikexing Institute of Breeding and Reproductive Biotechnology in Domestic Animal, Hohhot 011517, China;
| | - Li-Xia Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010020, China; (M.-L.Z.); (J.Z.); (L.-X.Z.)
- Inner Mongolia Saikexing Institute of Breeding and Reproductive Biotechnology in Domestic Animal, Hohhot 011517, China;
| | - Xi-He Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010020, China; (M.-L.Z.); (J.Z.); (L.-X.Z.)
- Inner Mongolia Saikexing Institute of Breeding and Reproductive Biotechnology in Domestic Animal, Hohhot 011517, China;
- Correspondence: (X.-H.L.); (R.-F.L.)
| | - Rong-Feng Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (Y.J.); (L.-H.Z.); (M.Z.); (M.-S.L.); (Z.-B.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Correspondence: (X.-H.L.); (R.-F.L.)
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5
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Pillai VV, Koganti PP, Kei TG, Gurung S, Butler WR, Selvaraj V. Efficient induction and sustenance of pluripotent stem cells from bovine somatic cells. Biol Open 2021; 10:272681. [PMID: 34719702 PMCID: PMC8565620 DOI: 10.1242/bio.058756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although derivation of naïve bovine embryonic stem cells is unachieved, the possibility for generation of bovine induced pluripotent stem cells (biPSCs) has been generally reported. However, attempts to sustain biPSCs by promoting self-renewal have not been successful. Methods established for maintaining murine and human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) do not support self-renewal of iPSCs for any bovid species. In this study, we examined methods to enhance complete reprogramming and concurrently investigated signaling relevant to pluripotency of the bovine blastocyst inner cell mass (ICM). First, we identified that forced expression of SV40 large T antigen together with the reprogramming genes (OCT4, SOX2, KLF4 and MYC) substantially enhanced the reprogramming efficacy of bovine fibroblasts to biPSCs. Second, we uncovered that TGFβ signaling is actively perturbed in the ICM. Inhibition of ALK4/5/7 to block TGFβ/activin/nodal signaling together with GSK3β and MEK1/2 supported robust in vitro self-renewal of naïve biPSCs with unvarying colony morphology, steady expansion, expected pluripotency gene expression and committed differentiation plasticity. Core similarities between biPSCs and stem cells of the 16-cell-stage bovine embryo indicated a stable ground state of pluripotency; this allowed us to reliably gain predictive understanding of signaling in bovine pluripotency using systems biology approaches. Beyond defining a high-fidelity platform for advancing biPSC-based biotechnologies that have not been previously practicable, these findings also represent a significant step towards understanding corollaries and divergent aspects of bovine pluripotency. This article has an associated First Person interview with the joint first authors of the paper. Summary: Pluripotency reprogramming by overcoming the stable epigenome of bovine cells, and uncovering precise early embryo self-renewal mechanisms enables sustenance and expansion of authentic induced pluripotent stem cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viju Vijayan Pillai
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853, USA
| | - Prasanthi P Koganti
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853, USA
| | - Tiffany G Kei
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853, USA
| | - Shailesh Gurung
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853, USA
| | - W Ronald Butler
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853, USA
| | - Vimal Selvaraj
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853, USA
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6
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Strategy to Establish Embryo-Derived Pluripotent Stem Cells in Cattle. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22095011. [PMID: 34065074 PMCID: PMC8125899 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22095011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell research is essential not only for the research and treatment of human diseases, but also for the genetic preservation and improvement of animals. Since embryonic stem cells (ESCs) were established in mice, substantial efforts have been made to establish true ESCs in many species. Although various culture conditions were used to establish ESCs in cattle, the capturing of true bovine ESCs (bESCs) has not been achieved. In this review, the difficulty of establishing bESCs with various culture conditions is described, and the characteristics of proprietary induced pluripotent stem cells and extended pluripotent stem cells are introduced. We conclude with a suggestion of a strategy for establishing true bESCs.
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7
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Eibl R, Senn Y, Gubser G, Jossen V, van den Bos C, Eibl D. Cellular Agriculture: Opportunities and Challenges. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2021; 12:51-73. [PMID: 33770467 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-063020-123940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cellular agriculture is the controlled and sustainable manufacture of agricultural products with cells and tissues without plant or animal involvement. Today, microorganisms cultivated in bioreactors already produce egg and milk proteins, sweeteners, and flavors for human nutrition as well as leather and fibers for shoes, bags, and textiles. Furthermore, plant cell and tissue cultures provide ingredients that stimulate the immune system and improve skin texture, with another precommercial cellular agriculture product, in vitro meat, currently receiving a great deal of attention. All these approaches could assist traditional agriculture in continuing to provide for the dietary requirements of a growing world population while freeing up important resources such as arable land. Despite early successes, challenges remain and are discussed in this review, with a focus on production processes involving plant and animal cell and tissue cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regine Eibl
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Life Sciences and Facility Management, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Wädenswil 8820, Switzerland;
| | - Yannick Senn
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Life Sciences and Facility Management, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Wädenswil 8820, Switzerland;
| | - Géraldine Gubser
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Life Sciences and Facility Management, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Wädenswil 8820, Switzerland;
| | - Valentin Jossen
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Life Sciences and Facility Management, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Wädenswil 8820, Switzerland;
| | | | - Dieter Eibl
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Life Sciences and Facility Management, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Wädenswil 8820, Switzerland;
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8
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Park CH, Jeoung YH, Uh KJ, Park KE, Bridge J, Powell A, Li J, Pence L, Zhang L, Liu T, Sun HX, Gu Y, Shen Y, Wu J, Izpisua Belmonte JC, Telugu BP. Extraembryonic Endoderm (XEN) Cells Capable of Contributing to Embryonic Chimeras Established from Pig Embryos. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 16:212-223. [PMID: 33338433 PMCID: PMC7897585 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Most of our current knowledge regarding early lineage specification and embryo-derived stem cells comes from studies in rodent models. However, key gaps remain in our understanding of these developmental processes from nonrodent species. Here, we report the detailed characterization of pig extraembryonic endoderm (pXEN) cells, which can be reliably and reproducibly generated from primitive endoderm (PrE) of blastocyst. Highly expandable pXEN cells express canonical PrE markers and transcriptionally resemble rodent XENs. The pXEN cells contribute both to extraembryonic tissues including visceral yolk sac as well as embryonic gut when injected into host blastocysts, and generate live offspring when used as a nuclear donor in somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). The pXEN cell lines provide a novel model for studying lineage segregation, as well as a source for genome editing in livestock. Primitive endoderm (PrE) is the predominant lineage emerging from pig blastocyst outgrowths pXEN cells exhibit key features of PrE-progenitors and resemble rodent XEN cells pXEN cells contribute to extraembryonic and embryonic (gut) endoderm in vivo pXEN cells can support full-term development via somatic cell nuclear transfer
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Hun Park
- Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Animal Bioscience and Biotechnology Laboratory, USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
| | - Young-Hee Jeoung
- Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Animal Bioscience and Biotechnology Laboratory, USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Kyung-Jun Uh
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Ki-Eun Park
- Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Animal Bioscience and Biotechnology Laboratory, USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA; RenOVAte Biosciences Inc, Reisterstown, MD 21136, USA
| | - Jessica Bridge
- Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Animal Bioscience and Biotechnology Laboratory, USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Anne Powell
- Animal Bioscience and Biotechnology Laboratory, USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA; RenOVAte Biosciences Inc, Reisterstown, MD 21136, USA
| | - Jie Li
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China; BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Read and Write, Shenzhen, 518120, China; Guangdong Provincial Academician Workstation of BGI Synthetic Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Laramie Pence
- Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Animal Bioscience and Biotechnology Laboratory, USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Luhui Zhang
- Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Tianbin Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Read and Write, Shenzhen, 518120, China; Guangdong Provincial Academician Workstation of BGI Synthetic Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Hai-Xi Sun
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Read and Write, Shenzhen, 518120, China; Guangdong Provincial Academician Workstation of BGI Synthetic Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Gu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Read and Write, Shenzhen, 518120, China; Guangdong Provincial Academician Workstation of BGI Synthetic Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yue Shen
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China; BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Read and Write, Shenzhen, 518120, China; Guangdong Provincial Academician Workstation of BGI Synthetic Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Innovative Molecular Diagnostics, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | | | - Bhanu P Telugu
- Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Animal Bioscience and Biotechnology Laboratory, USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA; RenOVAte Biosciences Inc, Reisterstown, MD 21136, USA.
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9
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Navarro M, Soto DA, Pinzon CA, Wu J, Ross PJ. Livestock pluripotency is finally captured in vitro. Reprod Fertil Dev 2020; 32:11-39. [PMID: 32188555 DOI: 10.1071/rd19272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) have demonstrated great utility in improving our understanding of mammalian development and continue to revolutionise regenerative medicine. Thanks to the improved understanding of pluripotency in mice and humans, it has recently become feasible to generate stable livestock PSCs. Although it is unlikely that livestock PSCs will be used for similar applications as their murine and human counterparts, new exciting applications that could greatly advance animal agriculture are being developed, including the use of PSCs for complex genome editing, cellular agriculture, gamete generation and invitro breeding schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela Navarro
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, 450 Bioletti Way, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Delia A Soto
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, 450 Bioletti Way, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Carlos A Pinzon
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; and Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Pablo J Ross
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, 450 Bioletti Way, Davis, CA 95616, USA; and Corresponding author.
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10
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Hyttel P, de Figueiredo Pessôa LV, Secher JBM, Dittlau KS, Freude K, Hall VJ, Fair T, Assey RJ, Laurincik J, Callesen H, Greve T, Stroebech LB. Oocytes, embryos and pluripotent stem cells from a biomedical perspective. Anim Reprod 2019; 16:508-523. [PMID: 32435294 PMCID: PMC7234146 DOI: 10.21451/1984-3143-ar2019-0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The veterinary and animal science professions are rapidly developing and their inherent and historical connection to agriculture is challenged by more biomedical and medical directions of research. While some consider this development as a risk of losing identity, it may also be seen as an opportunity for developing further and more sophisticated competences that may ultimately feed back to veterinary and animal science in a synergistic way. The present review describes how agriculture-related studies on bovine in vitro embryo production through studies of putative bovine and porcine embryonic stem cells led the way to more sophisticated studies of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) using e.g. gene editing for modeling of neurodegeneration in man. However, instead of being a blind diversion from veterinary and animal science into medicine, these advanced studies of human iPSC-derived neurons build a set of competences that allowed us, in a more competent way, to focus on novel aspects of more veterinary and agricultural relevance in the form of porcine and canine iPSCs. These types of animal stem cells are of biomedical importance for modeling of iPSC-based therapy in man, but in particular the canine iPSCs are also important for understanding and modeling canine diseases, as e.g. canine cognitive dysfunction, for the benefit and therapy of dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poul Hyttel
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Katarina Stoklund Dittlau
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology, and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Leuven, Belgium.,VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kristine Freude
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vanessa J Hall
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Trudee Fair
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Remmy John Assey
- Department of Anatomy and Pathology, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Tanzania
| | - Jozef Laurincik
- Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra, Slovakia.,The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Liběchov, Czech Republic
| | - Henrik Callesen
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
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Fang Y, Guo J, Wu S, Li X, Zhao J, Li Y, Guo S, Mu Y, Kong Q, Liu Z. Cellular reprogramming by single-cell fusion with mouse embryonic stem cells in pig. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:3558-3568. [PMID: 31595493 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Fusion of differentiated somatic cells with pluripotent stem cells can be used for cellular reprogramming, but the efficiency to obtain hybrid cells is extremely low. Here, we explored a novel cell fusion system, termed single-cell fusion, the efficiency was significantly improved verified by fusion of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs), comparing to traditional polyethylene glycol fusion. Then, we employed the optimized system to perform cell fusion of porcine embryonic fibroblasts (PEFs) and porcine pluripotent stem cells (pPSCs) with mESCs. The hybrid cells showed both red and green fluorescence and expressed species-specific genes of mouse and pig to evidence that the fusion was successful. The hybrid cells displayed characteristics similar with mESCs, including colony morphology, alkaline phosphatase positive and formation of embryoid body, and the expressions of core pluripotent factors OCT4, NANOG, and SOX2 of the pig were induced in the mESC/PEF hybrid cells. The results indicate PEFs and pPSCs could be reprogrammed by mESCs via the single-cell fusion. Taking advantage of the hybrid cells to investigate the signaling pathways depended on the pluripotency of pig, we suggest the transforming growth factor-β signaling pathways may play important roles. In summary, the single-cell fusion is highly efficient, and we believe in the future it will be widely used in the application and fundamental research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Fang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jia Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xuechun Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jianchao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shimeng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yanshuang Mu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qingran Kong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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12
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Kim TW, Che JH, Yun JW. Use of stem cells as alternative methods to animal experimentation in predictive toxicology. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 105:15-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2019.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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13
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Han SW, Kim YY, Kang WJ, Kim HC, Ku SY, Kang BC, Yun JW. The Use of Normal Stem Cells and Cancer Stem Cells for Potential Anti-Cancer Therapeutic Strategy. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2018; 15:365-380. [PMID: 30603561 PMCID: PMC6171655 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-018-0128-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite recent advance in conventional cancer therapies including surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy to reduce tumor size, unfortunately cancer mortality and metastatic cancer incidence remain high. Along with a deeper understanding of stem cell biology, cancer stem cell (CSC) is important in targeted cancer therapy. Herein, we review representative patents using not only normal stem cells as therapeutics themselves or delivery vehicles, but also CSCs as targets for anti-cancer strategy. METHODS Relevant patent literatures published between 2005 and 2017 are discussed to present developmental status and experimental results on using normal stem cells and CSCs for cancer therapy and explore potential future directions in this field. RESULTS Stem cells have been considered as important element of regenerative therapy by promoting tissue regeneration. Particularly, there is a growing trend to use stem cells as a target drug-delivery system to reduce undesirable side effects in non-target tissues. Noteworthy, studies on CSC-specific markers for distinguishing CSCs from normal stem cells and mature cancer cells have been conducted as a selective anti-cancer therapy with few side effects. Many researchers have also reported the development of various substances with anticancer effects by targeting CSCs from cancer tissues. CONCLUSION There has been a continuing increase in the number of studies on therapeutic stem cells and CSC-specific markers for selective diagnosis and therapy of cancer. This review focuses on the current status in the use of normal stem cells and CSCs for targeted cancer therapy. Future direction is also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Woo Han
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibongro, Bucheon, 14662 Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Young Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Ju Kang
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibongro, Bucheon, 14662 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Chin Kim
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28116 Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yup Ku
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Cheol Kang
- Department of Experimental Animal Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Center for Animal Resource and Development, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea
- Designed Animal and Transplantation Research Institute, Institute of GreenBio Science Technology, Seoul National University, 1447 Pyeongchang-daero, Daehwa-myeon, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do 25354 Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Won Yun
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibongro, Bucheon, 14662 Republic of Korea
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14
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Zhu X, Li L, Gao B, Zhang D, Ren Y, Zheng B, Li M, Shi D, Huang B. Early development of porcine parthenogenetic embryos and reduced expression of primed pluripotent marker genes under the effect of lysophosphatidic acid. Reprod Domest Anim 2018; 53:1191-1199. [PMID: 29974990 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To further promote the early development of porcine embryos and capture "naïve" pluripotent state within blastocyst, the experiment explored the effects of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) on the early development of porcine parthenogenetic embryos and the expression of pluripotency relevant genes. The results showed that the addition of 50 μM LPA significantly improved parthenogenetic embryo cleavage rate (82.7% vs. 74.7%, p < 0.05), blastocyst rate (24.5% vs. 11.3%, p < 0.05) and blastocyst cell count (56 ± 7.9 vs. 42 ± 1.0, p < 0.05) than that of the control group. In addition, immunostaining experiment determined that the fluorescence intensity of OCT4 was also significantly higher than that of the control group. The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) test revealed that addition of 50 μM LPA could significantly enhance the expression level of pluripotent gene OCT4 and trophoblast marker genes CDX2, however, decrease the expression of primitive hypoblast marker gene GATA4. The results also indicated that LPA might decrease the expression of GATA4 through the ROCK signalling pathway. For further investigating the effect of the addition of LPA on the expression of "primed" and "naïve" genes, we also detected the expression of those pluripotency-related genes by qRT-PCR. The results showed addition of LPA had no significant effect on the expression of "naïve" pluripotent genes, but it was able to significantly decrease the expression of "primed" pluripotent genes, NODAL and Activin-A; furthermore, it also could significantly improve the expression of OCT4 and c-Myc which act as two important ES cell renewal factors. Above all, the addition of LPA can facilitate the early development of porcine parthenogenetic embryos, which may be able to benefit for capturing "naïve" pluripotency in vitro through inhibiting "primed" pluripotency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiusheng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Agricultural Genomics Institute at ShenZhen Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Lanyu Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Bangjun Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yanyan Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Beibei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Mengmei Li
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Deshun Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Ben Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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15
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Pilichi S, Rocca S, Dattena M, Pool RR, Mara L, Sanna D, Masala G, Manunta ML, Dore S, Manunta A, Passino ES. Sheep embryonic stem-like cells engrafted into sheep femoral condyle osteochondral defects: 4-year follow-up. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:213. [PMID: 29954396 PMCID: PMC6022494 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1532-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Articular cartilage lacks a regenerative response. Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are a source of pluripotent cells for cartilage regeneration. Their use, however, is associated with a risk of teratoma development, which depends on multiple factors including the number of engrafted cells and their degree of histocompatibility with recipients, the immunosuppression of the host and the site of transplantation. Colonies of sheep embryonic stem-like (ES-like) cells from in vitro-produced embryos, positive for stage-specific embryonic antigens (SSEAs), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Oct 4, Nanog, Sox 2 and Stat 3 gene expression, and forming embryoid bodies, were pooled in groups of two-three, embedded in fibrin glue and engrafted into osteochondral defects in the left medial femoral condyles of 3 allogeneic ewes (ES). Empty defects (ED) and defects filled with cell-free glue (G) in the condyles of the controlateral stifle joint served as controls. After euthanasia at 4 years post-engraftment, the regenerated tissue was evaluated by macroscopic, histological and immunohistochemical (collagen type II) examinations and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) assay to prove the ES-like cells origin of the regenerated tissue. RESULTS No teratoma occurred in any of the ES samples. No statistically significant macroscopic or histological differences were observed among the 3 treatment groups. FISH was positive in all the 3 ES samples. CONCLUSIONS This in vivo preclinical study allowed a long-term evaluation of the occurrence of teratoma in non-immunosuppressed allogeneic adult sheep engrafted with allogeneic ES-like cells, supporting the safe and reliable application of ES cells in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Pilichi
- Service of Research in Zootechnics, AGRIS Sardinia (Agricultural Research Agency of Sardinia), Olmedo, 07040 Sassari, Italy
| | - Stefano Rocca
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, via Vienna, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Maria Dattena
- Service of Research in Zootechnics, AGRIS Sardinia (Agricultural Research Agency of Sardinia), Olmedo, 07040 Sassari, Italy
| | - Roy Ransom Pool
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4467 USA
| | - Laura Mara
- Service of Research in Zootechnics, AGRIS Sardinia (Agricultural Research Agency of Sardinia), Olmedo, 07040 Sassari, Italy
| | - Daniela Sanna
- Service of Research in Zootechnics, AGRIS Sardinia (Agricultural Research Agency of Sardinia), Olmedo, 07040 Sassari, Italy
| | - Gerolamo Masala
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, via Vienna, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Simone Dore
- National Reference Centre for Sheep and Goat Mastitis, Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Sardinia, via Duca degli Abruzzi 8, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Andrea Manunta
- Department of Surgery, Microsurgery and Medicine, University of Sassari, viale San Pietro, 07100 Sassari, Italy
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16
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Jin L, Guo Q, Zhang GL, Xing XX, Xuan MF, Luo QR, Luo ZB, Wang JX, Yin XJ, Kang JD. The Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor, CI994, Improves Nuclear Reprogramming and In Vitro Developmental Potential of Cloned Pig Embryos. Cell Reprogram 2018; 20:205-213. [PMID: 29782192 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2018.0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic reprogramming and somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) cloning efficiency were recently enhanced using histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis). In this study, we investigated the time effect of CI994, an HDACi, on the blastocyst formation rate, acetylation levels of H3K9 and H4K12, DNA methylation levels of anti-5-methylcytosine (5mC), and some mRNA expression of pluripotency-related genes in pig SCNT embryos. Treatment with 10 μM CI994 for 24 hours significantly improved the blastocyst formation rate of SCNT embryos in comparison with the untreated group (p < 0.05). Moreover, average fluorescence intensities of H3K9 and H4K12 in CI994-treated embryos were remarkably increased at the pseudo-pronuclear stage, but not at the blastocyst stage. The intensity of POU5F1 was higher in CI994-treated blastocysts than in control blastocysts, whereas that of 5mC did not differ between the two groups. The percentage of apoptotic cells in blastocysts was significantly higher in the untreated group than in the CI994-treated group. mRNA levels of POU5F1 and SOX2 were significantly increased in the CI994-treated group. These observations suggest that optimum exposure (10 μM for 24 hours) to CI994 after activation elevates the level of histone acetylation and subsequently improves the in vitro development of pig SCNT embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Jin
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University , Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Qing Guo
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University , Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Guang-Lei Zhang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University , Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Xiao-Xu Xing
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University , Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Mei-Fu Xuan
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University , Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Qi-Rong Luo
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University , Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Zhao-Bo Luo
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University , Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Jun-Xia Wang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University , Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Xi-Jun Yin
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University , Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Jin-Dan Kang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University , Yanji, Jilin, China
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17
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Wei Q, Zhong L, Zhang S, Mu H, Xiang J, Yue L, Dai Y, Han J. Bovine lineage specification revealed by single-cell gene expression analysis from zygote to blastocyst. Biol Reprod 2018; 97:5-17. [PMID: 28859285 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/iox071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Preimplantation embryos undergo zygotic genome activation and lineage specification resulting in three distinct cell types in the late blastocyst. The molecular mechanisms underlying this progress are largely unknown in bovines. Here, we sought to analyze an extensive set of regulators at the single-cell level to define the events involved in the development of the bovine blastocyst. Using a quantitative microfluidics approach in single cells, we analyzed mRNA levels of 96 genes known to function in early embryonic development and maintenance of stem cell pluripotency in parallel in 384 individual cells from bovine preimplantation embryos. The developmental transitions can be distinguished by distinctive gene expression profiles and we identified NOTCH1, expressed in early developmental stages, while T-box 3 (TBX3) and fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4), expressed in late developmental stages. Three lineages can be segregated in bovine expanded blastocysts based on the expression patterns of lineage-specific genes such as disabled homolog 2 (DAB2), caudal type homeobox 2 (CDX2), ATPase H+/K+ transporting non-gastric alpha2 subunit (ATP12A), keratin 8 (KRT8), and transcription factor AP-2 alpha (TFAP2A) for trophectoderm; GATA binding protein 6 (GATA6) and goosecoid homeobox (GSC) for primitive endoderm; and Nanog homeobox (NANOG), teratocarcinoma-derived growth factor 1 (TDGF1), and PR/SET domain 14 (PRDM14) for epiblast. Moreover, some lineage-specific genes were coexpressed in blastomeres from the morula. The commitment to trophectoderm and inner cell mass lineages in bovines occurs later than in the mouse, and KRT8 might be an earlier marker for bovine trophectoderm cells. We determined that TDGF1 and PRDM14 might play pivotal roles in the primitive endoderm and epiblast specification of bovine blastocysts. Our results shed light on early cell fate determination in bovine preimplantation embryos and offer theoretical support for deriving bovine embryonic stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Zhong
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shaopeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyuan Mu
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinzhu Xiang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Yue
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunping Dai
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyong Han
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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18
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Expression of markers for germ cells and oocytes in cow dermal fibroblast treated with 5-azacytidine and cultured in differentiation medium containing BMP2, BMP4 or follicular fluid. ZYGOTE 2017; 25:341-357. [DOI: 10.1017/s0967199417000211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
SummaryThis study aims to investigate the effect 5-azacytidine (5-Aza) during induction of pluripotency in bovine fibroblasts and to evaluate the effects of BMP2, BMP4 or follicular fluid in the differentiation of reprogrammed fibroblasts in primordial germ cells and oocytes. It also analysis the mRNA levels for OCT4, NANOG, REX, SOX2, VASA, DAZL, cKIT, SCP3, ZPA and GDF9 after culturing 5-Aza treated fibroblasts in the different tested medium. Dermal fibroblasts were cultured and exposed to 0.5, 1.0 or 2.0 μM of 5-Aza for 18 h, 36 h or 72 h. Then, the cells were cultured in DMEM/F12 supplemented with 10 ng/ml BMP2, 10 ng/ml BMP4 or 5% follicular fluid. After culture, morphological characteristics, viability and gene expression were evaluated by qPCR. Treatment of skin fibroblasts with 2.0 μM 5-Aza for 72 h significantly increased expression of mRNAs for SOX2, OCT4, NANOG and REX. The culture in medium supplemented with BMP2, BMP4 or follicular fluid for 7 or 14 days induced formation of oocyte-like cells, as well as the expression of markers for germ cells and oocyte. In conclusion, treatment of bovine skin-derived fibroblasts with 2.0 μM 5-Aza for 72 h induces the expression of pluripotency factors. Culturing these cells in differentiation medium supplemented with BMP2, BMP4 or follicular fluid induces morphological changes and promotes expression of markers for germ cells, meiosis and oocyte.
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19
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Saadeldin IM, Swelum AAA, Elsafadi M, Moumen AF, Alzahrani FA, Mahmood A, Alfayez M, Alowaimer AN. Isolation and characterization of the trophectoderm from the Arabian camel (Camelus dromedarius). Placenta 2017; 57:113-122. [PMID: 28863999 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2017.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We isolated and characterized trophoblast from in vivo-derived camel embryos and compared with embryonic stem-like cells. Camel embryos were flushed on day 8 post-insemination and used to derive trophectoderm and embryonic stem-like cells under feeder-free culture conditions using a basement membrane matrix. Embryos were evaluated for the expression of POU5F1, MYC, KLF4, SOX2, CDX2, and KRT8 mRNA transcripts by relative quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Camel embryos grew and expanded to ∼4.5 mm and maintained their vesicular shape in vitro for 21 days post-insemination. Trophoblast and embryonic stem-like cell lines grew under feeder-free culture conditions and showed distinct morphological criteria and normal chromosomal counts. Embryonic stem-like cells showed positive staining in the alkaline phosphatase reaction. Trophoblast cells showed a significant increase in CDX2, KRT8, KLF4, and SOX2 expression compared with embryonic stem-like cells and whole embryos. Embryonic stem-like cells showed a significant decrease in CDX2 expression and increase in SOX2 and KRT8 expression compared to embryonic expression. POU5F1 and MYC expression showed no difference between embryos and both cell lines. We characterized embryo survival in vitro, particularly the derivation of trophectoderm and embryonic stem-like cells, providing a foundation for further analysis of early embryonic development and placentation in camels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam M Saadeldin
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, 11451 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Ayman Abdel-Aziz Swelum
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, 11451 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Theriogeneology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mona Elsafadi
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah F Moumen
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, 11451 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal A Alzahrani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rabigh College of Science and Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh Branch, Rabigh 21911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amer Mahmood
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Musaad Alfayez
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah N Alowaimer
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, 11451 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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20
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Jin L, Guo Q, Zhu HY, Xing XX, Zhang GL, Xuan MF, Luo QR, Luo ZB, Wang JX, Yin XJ, Kang JD. Quisinostat treatment improves histone acetylation and developmental competence of porcine somatic cell nuclear transfer embryos. Mol Reprod Dev 2017; 84:340-346. [PMID: 28224725 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal epigenetic modifications are considered a main contributing factor to low cloning efficiency. In the present study, we explored the effects of quisinostat, a novel histone deacetylase inhibitor, on blastocyst formation rate in porcine somatic-cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos, on acetylation of histone H3 lysine 9 (AcH3K9), and on expression of POU5F1 protein and apoptosis-related genes BAX and BCL2. Our results showed that treatment with 10 nM quisinostat for 24 hr significantly improved the development of reconstructed embryos compared to the untreated group (19.0 ± 1.6% vs. 10.2 ± 0.9%; p < 0.05). Quisinostat-treated SCNT embryos also possessed significantly increased AcH3K9 at the pseudo-pronuclear stage (p < 0.05), as well as improved immunostaining intensity for POU5F1 at the blastocyst stage (p < 0.05). While no statistical difference in BAX expression was observed, BCL2 transcript abundance was significantly different in the quisinostat-treated compared to the untreated control group. Of the 457 quisinostat-treated cloned embryos transferred into three surrogates, six fetuses developed from the one sow that became pregnant. These findings suggested that quisinostat can regulate gene expression and epigenetic modification, facilitating nuclear reprogramming, and subsequently improving the developmental competence of pig SCNT embryos and blastocyst quality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qing Guo
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Hai-Ying Zhu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Xiao-Xu Xing
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Guang-Lei Zhang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Mei-Fu Xuan
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Qi-Rong Luo
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Zhao-Bo Luo
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Jun-Xia Wang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Xi-Jun Yin
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Jin-Dan Kang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
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21
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Song H, Li H, Huang M, Xu D, Wang Z, Wang F. Big Animal Cloning Using Transgenic Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: A Case Study of Goat Transgenic Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Cell Reprogram 2016; 18:37-47. [PMID: 26836033 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2015.0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Using of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) could improve production traits and disease resistance by improving the efficiency of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) technology. However, robust ESCs have not been established from domestic ungulates. In the present study, we generated goat induced pluripotent stem cells (giPSCs) and transgenic cloned dairy goat induced pluripotent stem cells (tgiPSCs) from dairy goat fibroblasts (gFs) and transgenic cloned dairy goat fibroblasts (tgFs), respectively, using lentiviruses that contained hOCT4, hSOX2, hMYC, and hKLF4 without chemical compounds. The giPSCs and tgiPSCs expressed endogenous pluripotent markers, including OCT4, SOX2, MYC, KLF4, and NANOG. Moreover, they were able to maintain a normal karyotype and differentiate into derivatives from all three germ layers in vitro and in vivo. Using SCNT, tgFs and tgiPSCs were used as donor cells to produce embryos, which were named tgF-Embryos and tgiPSC-Embryos. The fusion rates and cleavage rates had no significant differences between tgF-Embryos and tgiPSC-Embryos. However, the expression of IGF-2, which is an important gene associated with embryonic development, was significantly lower in tgiPSC-Embryos than in tgF-Embryos and was not significantly different from vivo-Embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Song
- 1 Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center of Meat Sheep & Goat Industry, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing, 210095, P.R. China .,2 Department of Medical Genetic and Cell Biology, Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Hui Li
- 1 Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center of Meat Sheep & Goat Industry, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing, 210095, P.R. China .,2 Department of Medical Genetic and Cell Biology, Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Mingrui Huang
- 1 Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center of Meat Sheep & Goat Industry, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing, 210095, P.R. China
| | - Dan Xu
- 3 Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, CA, 94305
| | - Ziyu Wang
- 1 Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center of Meat Sheep & Goat Industry, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing, 210095, P.R. China
| | - Feng Wang
- 1 Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center of Meat Sheep & Goat Industry, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing, 210095, P.R. China
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22
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Bharti D, Shivakumar SB, Subbarao RB, Rho GJ. Research Advancements in Porcine Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2016. [PMID: 26201864 PMCID: PMC5403966 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x10666150723145911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In the present era of stem cell biology, various animals such as Mouse, Bovine, Rabbit and Porcine have been tested for the efficiency of their mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) before their actual use for stem cell based application in humans. Among them pigs have many similarities to humans in the form of organ size, physiology and their functioning, therefore they have been considered as a valuable model system for in vitro studies and preclinical assessments. Easy assessability, few ethical issues, successful MSC isolation from different origins like bone marrow, skin, umbilical cord blood, Wharton’s jelly, endometrium, amniotic fluid and peripheral blood make porcine a good model for stem cell therapy. Porcine derived MSCs (pMSCs) have shown greater in vitro differentiation and transdifferention potential towards mesenchymal lineages and specialized lineages such as cardiomyocytes, neurons, hepatocytes and pancreatic beta cells. Immunomodulatory and low immunogenic profiles as shown by autologous and heterologous MSCs proves them safe and appropriate models for xenotransplantation purposes. Furthermore, tissue engineered stem cell constructs can be of immense importance in relation to various osteochondral defects which are difficult to treat otherwise. Using pMSCs successful treatment of various disorders like Parkinson’s disease, cardiac ischemia, hepatic failure, has been reported by many studies. Here, in this review we highlight current research findings in the area of porcine mesenchymal stem cells dealing with their isolation methods, differentiation ability, transplantation applications and their therapeutic potential towards various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gyu-Jin Rho
- OBS/Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gazwa, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Guo Y, Yu T, Lei L, Duan A, Ma X, Wang H. Conversion of Goat Fibroblasts into Lineage-Specific Cells Using a Direct Reprogramming Strategy. Anim Sci J 2016; 88:745-754. [PMID: 27629151 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Direct reprogramming is an efficient strategy to convert one cell type to another. In this study, due to the failure of maintaining the undifferentiated state of goat embryotic stem- and induced pluripotent stem-like cells in vitro, we explored an alternative way to directly convert goat fibroblasts to lineage-specific cells. The 'Yamanaka factors' was ectopically expressed in fibroblasts for a short term to situate cells in a metastable state. By culturing with lineage-specific media for 1-2 weeks, the cardiomyocyte-like cells and neurocyte-like cells were generated and confirmed by the quantitative RT-PCR and immunocytochemical staining. The metastable-state cells could also be converted into oocyte-like cells (OLCs) after culturing in media with retinoic acid (RA) and bovine follicular fluid (bFF) for 2-3 weeks. The generated OLCs were surrounded by cumulus granulosa cell-like cells and formed a structure resembling goat cumulus-oocyte complex from ovaries. This primary follicular structure could be developed further in oocyte mature medium and expressed germ cell-specific markers. In addition, we found that the induction efficiency was higher and OLC cell size was bigger in bFF than in RA treatment. Altogether, the direct reprogramming of goat fibroblasts into lineage-specific cells can facilitate stem cell research in domestic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Guo
- Life Science College, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, Henan, China.,Department of Animal Biotechnology; Shaanxi Centre for Stem Cell Engineering and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tong Yu
- Department of Animal Biotechnology; Shaanxi Centre for Stem Cell Engineering and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lei Lei
- Department of Animal Biotechnology; Shaanxi Centre for Stem Cell Engineering and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Anqin Duan
- Department of Animal Biotechnology; Shaanxi Centre for Stem Cell Engineering and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoling Ma
- Department of Animal Biotechnology; Shaanxi Centre for Stem Cell Engineering and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huayan Wang
- Department of Animal Biotechnology; Shaanxi Centre for Stem Cell Engineering and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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24
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HosseinNia P, Hajian M, Tahmoorespur M, Hosseini SM, Ostadhosseini S, Nasiri MR, Nasr-Esfahani MH. Expression Profile of Developmentally Important Genes in preand peri-Implantation Goat Embryos Produced In Vitro. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FERTILITY & STERILITY 2016; 10:310-319. [PMID: 27695614 PMCID: PMC5023042 DOI: 10.22074/ijfs.2016.4659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background: Little is understood about the regulation of gene expression during early
goat embryo development. This study investigated the expression profile of 19 genes,
known to be critical for early embryo development in mouse and human, at five different
stages of goat in vitro embryo development (oocyte, 8-16 cell, morula, day-7 blastocyst,
and day 14 blastocyst). Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, stage-specific profiling using real
time-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) revealed robust and dynamic
patterns of stage-specific gene activity that fall into four major clusters depending on
their respective mRNA profiles. Results: The gradual pattern of reduction in the maternally stored transcripts without renewal thereafter (cluster-1: Lifr1, Bmpr1, Alk4, Id3, Ctnnb, Akt, Oct4, Rex1, Erk1, Smad1
and 5) implies that their protein products are essential during early cleavages when the
goat embryo is silent and reliant to the maternal legacy of mRNA. The potential importance of transcription augment at day-3 (cluster-2: Fzd, c-Myc, Cdc25a, Sox2) or day-
14 (cluster-3: Fgfr4, Nanog) suggests that they are nascent embryonic mRNAs which
intimately involved in the overriding of MET or regulation of blastocyst formation, respectively. The observation of two expression peaks at both day-3 and day-14 (cluster-4:
Gata4, Cdx2) would imply their potential importance during these two critical stages of
preand periimplantation development. Conclusion: Evolutionary comparison revealed that the selected subset of genes has been
rewired in goat and human/goat similarity is greater than the mouse/goat or bovine/goat
similarities. The developed profiles provide a resource for comprehensive understanding
of goat preimplantation development and pluripotent stem cell engineering as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouria HosseinNia
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Hajian
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Tahmoorespur
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sayyed Morteza Hosseini
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Somayyeh Ostadhosseini
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Nasiri
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
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25
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Li LY, Li MM, Yang SF, Zhang J, Li Z, Zhang H, Zhu L, Zhu X, Verma V, Liu Q, Shi D, Huang B. Inhibition of FGF Signalling Pathway Augments the Expression of Pluripotency and Trophoblast Lineage Marker Genes in Porcine Parthenogenetic Blastocyst. Reprod Domest Anim 2016; 51:649-56. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- LY Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources; Guangxi University; Nanning China
- School of Animal Science and Technology; Guangxi University; Nanning China
| | - MM Li
- School of Animal Science and Technology; Guangxi University; Nanning China
| | - SF Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources; Guangxi University; Nanning China
- School of Animal Science and Technology; Guangxi University; Nanning China
| | - J Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources; Guangxi University; Nanning China
- School of Animal Science and Technology; Guangxi University; Nanning China
| | - Z Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources; Guangxi University; Nanning China
- School of Animal Science and Technology; Guangxi University; Nanning China
| | - H Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources; Guangxi University; Nanning China
- School of Animal Science and Technology; Guangxi University; Nanning China
| | - L Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources; Guangxi University; Nanning China
- School of Animal Science and Technology; Guangxi University; Nanning China
| | - X Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources; Guangxi University; Nanning China
- School of Animal Science and Technology; Guangxi University; Nanning China
| | - V Verma
- Centre of Biotechnology; Nehru Science Centre; University of Allahabad; Allahabad India
| | - Q Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources; Guangxi University; Nanning China
- School of Animal Science and Technology; Guangxi University; Nanning China
| | - D Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources; Guangxi University; Nanning China
- School of Animal Science and Technology; Guangxi University; Nanning China
| | - B Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources; Guangxi University; Nanning China
- School of Animal Science and Technology; Guangxi University; Nanning China
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26
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Wu X, Song M, Yang X, Liu X, Liu K, Jiao C, Wang J, Bai C, Su G, Liu X, Li G. Establishment of bovine embryonic stem cells after knockdown of CDX2. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28343. [PMID: 27320776 PMCID: PMC4913270 DOI: 10.1038/srep28343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine embryonic stem cells (bESCs) have not been successfully established yet. One reason could be that CDX2, as the trophectoderm regulator, expresses in bovine inner cell mass (ICM), which probably becomes a technical barrier for maintaining the pluripotency of bESCs in vitro. We hypothesized that CDX2 knockdown (CDX2-KD) could remove such negative effort, which will be helpful for capturing complete and permanent capacity of pluripotency. Expression and localization of pluripotent genes were not affected in CDX2-KD blastocysts. The CDX2-KD bESCs grew into monolayers on feeder layer. Pluripotent genes expressed at an improved levels and lasted longer time in CDX2-KD bESCs, along with down-regulation of DNA methylation on promoters of both OCT4 and SOX2. The cystic structure typical for trophoblast cells did not show during culturing CDX2-KD bESCs. CDX2-KD bESC-derived Embryoid bodies showed with compact morphology and with the improved levels of differentiations in three germ layers. CDX2-KD bESCs still carried the capacity of forming teratomas with three germ layers after long-term culture. In summary, CDX2 in bovine ICM was inducer of trophoblast lineage with negative effect on maintenance of pluripotency of bESCs. Precise regulation CDX2 expression to switch on/off will be studied next for application on establishment of bESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wu
- The Key Laboratory of National Education Ministry for Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Miao Song
- Department of Basic Medicine, Bao Tou Medical College, Bao Tou 014040, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Bao Tou Medical College, Bao Tou 014040, China
| | - Xi Yang
- College of Basic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010110, China
| | - Xin Liu
- The Key Laboratory of National Education Ministry for Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Kun Liu
- The Key Laboratory of National Education Ministry for Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Cuihua Jiao
- The Key Laboratory of National Education Ministry for Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Jinze Wang
- The Key Laboratory of National Education Ministry for Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Chunling Bai
- The Key Laboratory of National Education Ministry for Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Guanghua Su
- The Key Laboratory of National Education Ministry for Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Xuefei Liu
- The Key Laboratory of National Education Ministry for Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Guangpeng Li
- The Key Laboratory of National Education Ministry for Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
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27
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Choi DH, Kim DJ, Song KD, Park HH, Ko TH, Pyao Y, Chung KM, Cha SH, Sin YS, Kim NH, Lee WK. Characterization of the Nanog 5'-flanking Region in Bovine. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2016; 29:1383-91. [PMID: 27165025 PMCID: PMC5003962 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.16.0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Bovine embryonic stem cells have potential for use in research, such as transgenic cattle generation and the study of developmental gene regulation. The Nanog may play a critical role in maintenance of the undifferentiated state of embryonic stem cells in the bovine, as in murine and human. Nevertheless, efforts to study the bovine Nanog for pluripotency-maintaining factors have been insufficient. In this study, in order to understand the mechanisms of transcriptional regulation of the bovine Nanog, the 5′-flanking region of the Nanog was isolated from ear cells of Hanwoo. Results of transient transfection using a luciferase reporter gene under the control of serially deleted 5′-flanking sequences revealed that the −134 to −19 region contained the positive regulatory sequences for the transcription of the bovine Nanog. Results from mutagenesis studies demonstrated that the Sp1-binding site that is located in the proximal promoter region plays an important role in transcriptional activity of the bovine Nanog promoter. The electrophoretic mobility shift assay with the Sp1 specific antibody confirmed the specific binding of Sp1 transcription factor to this site. In addition, significant inhibition of Nanog promoter activity by the Sp1 mutant was observed in murine embryonic stem cells. Furthermore, chromatin-immunoprecipitation assay with the Sp1 specific antibody confirmed the specific binding of Sp1 transcription factor to this site. These results suggest that Sp1 is an essential regulatory factor for bovine Nanog transcriptional activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Don-Ho Choi
- The Institute of Hankook Life Science, Seoul 110-812, Korea
| | - Duk-Jung Kim
- The Institute of Hankook Life Science, Seoul 110-812, Korea.,Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 361-763, Korea
| | - Ki-Duk Song
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea
| | - Hwan-Hee Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 400-712, Korea
| | - Tae Hyun Ko
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 400-712, Korea
| | - Yuliya Pyao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 400-712, Korea
| | - Ku-Min Chung
- The Institute of Hankook Life Science, Seoul 110-812, Korea
| | - Seok Ho Cha
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 400-712, Korea
| | - Young-Su Sin
- Department of Animal Science, Singu University, Seongnam, 462-743, Korea
| | - Nam-Hyung Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 361-763, Korea
| | - Woon-Kyu Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 400-712, Korea
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28
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Roberts RM, Yuan Y, Genovese N, Ezashi T. Livestock models for exploiting the promise of pluripotent stem cells. ILAR J 2016; 56:74-82. [PMID: 25991700 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilv005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Livestock species are widely used as biomedical models. Pigs, in particular, are beginning to have a significant role in regenerative medicine for testing the applicability, success, and safety of grafts derived from induced pluripotent stem cells. Animal testing must always be performed before any clinical trials are performed in humans, and pigs may sometimes be the species of choice because of their physiological and anatomical similarities to humans. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) have been generated with some success from livestock species by a variety of reprogramming procedures, but authenticated embryonic stem cells (ESC) have not. There are now several studies in which porcine iPSC have been tested for their ability to provide functional grafts in pigs. Pigs have also served as recipients for grafts derived from human iPSC. There have also been recent advances in creating pigs with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). Like SCID mice, these pigs are expected to be graft tolerant. Additionally, chimeric, partially humanized pigs could be sources of human organs. Another potential application of pluripotent stem cells from livestock is for the purpose of differentiating the cells into skeletal muscle, which, in turn, could be used either to produce cultured meat or to engraft into damaged muscle. None of these technologies has advanced to a stage that they have become mainstream, however. Despite the value of livestock models in regenerative medicine, only a limited number of institutions are able to use these animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Michael Roberts
- R. Michael Roberts, DPhil, is a Curators' Professor in the Division of Animal Sciences and Department of Biochemistry at the University of Missouri. Ye Yuan, PhD, is a research scientist; Nicholas Genovese, PhD, is a postdoctoral fellow; and Toshihiko Ezashi, DVM, PhD, is a research associate professor in the Division of Animal Sciences at the University of Missouri
| | - Ye Yuan
- R. Michael Roberts, DPhil, is a Curators' Professor in the Division of Animal Sciences and Department of Biochemistry at the University of Missouri. Ye Yuan, PhD, is a research scientist; Nicholas Genovese, PhD, is a postdoctoral fellow; and Toshihiko Ezashi, DVM, PhD, is a research associate professor in the Division of Animal Sciences at the University of Missouri
| | - Nicholas Genovese
- R. Michael Roberts, DPhil, is a Curators' Professor in the Division of Animal Sciences and Department of Biochemistry at the University of Missouri. Ye Yuan, PhD, is a research scientist; Nicholas Genovese, PhD, is a postdoctoral fellow; and Toshihiko Ezashi, DVM, PhD, is a research associate professor in the Division of Animal Sciences at the University of Missouri
| | - Toshihiko Ezashi
- R. Michael Roberts, DPhil, is a Curators' Professor in the Division of Animal Sciences and Department of Biochemistry at the University of Missouri. Ye Yuan, PhD, is a research scientist; Nicholas Genovese, PhD, is a postdoctoral fellow; and Toshihiko Ezashi, DVM, PhD, is a research associate professor in the Division of Animal Sciences at the University of Missouri
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29
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Oliveira C, Saraiva N, Lima MD, Oliveira L, Serapião R, Garcia J, Borges C, Camargo L. Cell death is involved in sexual dimorphism during preimplantation development. Mech Dev 2016; 139:42-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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30
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Abstract
This review deals with the latest advances in the study of embryonic stem cells (ESC) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) from domesticated species, with a focus on pigs, cattle, sheep, goats, horses, cats, and dogs. Whereas the derivation of fully pluripotent ESC from these species has proved slow, reprogramming of somatic cells to iPSC has been more straightforward. However, most of these iPSC depend on the continued expression of the introduced transgenes, a major drawback to their utility. The persistent failure in generating ESC and the dependency of iPSC on ectopic genes probably stem from an inability to maintain the stability of the endogenous gene networks necessary to maintain pluripotency. Based on work in humans and rodents, achievement of full pluripotency will likely require fine adjustments in the growth factors and signaling inhibitors provided to the cells. Finally, we discuss the future utility of these cells for biomedical and agricultural purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Ezashi
- Division of Animal Sciences and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211; , ,
| | - Ye Yuan
- Division of Animal Sciences and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211; , ,
| | - R Michael Roberts
- Division of Animal Sciences and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211; , ,
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31
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Lee SG, Park JK, Choi KH, Son HY, Lee CK. Embryo Aggregation Promotes Derivation Efficiency of Outgrowths from Porcine Blastocysts. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2015; 28:1565-72. [PMID: 26580280 PMCID: PMC4647096 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.15.0462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Porcine embryonic stem cells (pESCs) have become an advantageous experimental tool for developing therapeutic applications and producing transgenic animals. However, despite numerous reports of putative pESC lines, deriving validated pESC lines from embryos produced in vitro remains difficult. Here, we report that embryo aggregation was useful for deriving pESCs from in vitro-produced embryos. Blastocysts derived from embryo aggregation formed a larger number of colonies and maintained cell culture stability. Our derived cell lines demonstrated expression of pluripotent markers (alkaline phosphatase, Oct4, Sox2, and Nanog), an ability to form embryoid bodies, and the capacity to differentiate into the three germ layers. A cytogenetic analysis of these cells revealed that all lines derived from aggregated blastocysts had normal female and male karyotypes. These results demonstrate that embryo aggregation could be a useful technique to improve the efficiency of deriving ESCs from in vitro-fertilized pig embryos, studying early development, and deriving pluripotent ESCs in vitro in other mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Goo Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921,
Korea
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115,
USA
| | - Jin-Kyu Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921,
Korea
- Division of Animal Sciences and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211,
USA
| | - Kwang-Hwan Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921,
Korea
| | - Hye-Young Son
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921,
Korea
| | - Chang-Kyu Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921,
Korea
- Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeong Chang 232-916,
Korea
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32
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Dong X, Li Y, Wang H. Optimization of culture conditions for porcine embryonic germ cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2015; 52:131-6. [PMID: 26487431 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-015-9962-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Dong
- College of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266109, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yang Li
- College of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjun Wang
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
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Zomer HD, Vidane AS, Gonçalves NN, Ambrósio CE. Mesenchymal and induced pluripotent stem cells: general insights and clinical perspectives. STEM CELLS AND CLONING-ADVANCES AND APPLICATIONS 2015; 8:125-34. [PMID: 26451119 PMCID: PMC4592031 DOI: 10.2147/sccaa.s88036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells have awakened a great deal of interest in regenerative medicine due to their plasticity, and immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties. They are high-yield and can be acquired through noninvasive methods from adult tissues. Moreover, they are nontumorigenic and are the most widely studied. On the other hand, induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells can be derived directly from adult cells through gene reprogramming. The new iPS technology avoids the embryo destruction or manipulation to generate pluripotent cells, therefore, are exempt from ethical implication surrounding embryonic stem cell use. The pre-differentiation of iPS cells ensures the safety of future approaches. Both mesenchymal stem cells and iPS cells can be used for autologous cell transplantations without the risk of immune rejection and represent a great opportunity for future alternative therapies. In this review we discussed the therapeutic perspectives using mesenchymal and iPS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena D Zomer
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Atanásio S Vidane
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Natalia N Gonçalves
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos E Ambrósio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
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Secher JO, Callesen H, Freude KK, Hyttel P. Initial embryology and pluripotent stem cells in the pig--The quest for establishing the pig as a model for cell therapy. Theriogenology 2015; 85:162-71. [PMID: 26474684 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The quest for porcine pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) was initiated in the early 90s. Initially, it was the intention to benefit from these cells for production of genetically modified pigs using homologous recombination followed by derivation of chimeric offspring; a technology that has been used to produce genetically modified mice since the mid-80s. However, no convincing reports on the generation of bona fide porcine embryonic stem cells or embryonic germ cells resulted from these activities, and with the advent of somatic cell nuclear transfer during the late 90s, alternative methods for creating genetically modified pigs emerged. Over the past years, renewed interest in porcine PSCs has sparked activities in deriving in particular porcine induced pluripotent stem cells to develop the pig as a faithful model for studying the potentials and risks associated with induced pluripotent stem cell-based human therapy. Here, we review the recent data on establishment of porcine PSCs and the differences in embryonic development between pig and mouse, which may be underlying factors for the continuing challenge to culture and maintain porcine PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan O Secher
- Department of Large Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Henrik Callesen
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Kristine K Freude
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Poul Hyttel
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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Wang X, Zhou J, Cao C, Huang J, Hai T, Wang Y, Zheng Q, Zhang H, Qin G, Miao X, Wang H, Cao S, Zhou Q, Zhao J. Efficient CRISPR/Cas9-mediated biallelic gene disruption and site-specific knockin after rapid selection of highly active sgRNAs in pigs. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13348. [PMID: 26293209 PMCID: PMC4543986 DOI: 10.1038/srep13348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic engineering in livestock was greatly enhanced by the emergence of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated 9 (Cas9), which can be programmed with a single-guide RNA (sgRNA) to generate site-specific DNA breaks. However, the uncertainties caused by wide variations in sgRNA activity impede the utility of this system in generating genetically modified pigs. Here, we described a single blastocyst genotyping system to provide a simple and rapid solution to evaluate and compare the sgRNA efficiency at inducing indel mutations for a given gene locus. Assessment of sgRNA mutagenesis efficiencies can be achieved within 10 days from the design of the sgRNA. The most effective sgRNA selected by this system was successfully used to induce site-specific insertion through homology-directed repair at a frequency exceeding 13%. Additionally, the highly efficient gene deletion via the selected sgRNA was confirmed in pig fibroblast cells, which could serve as donor cells for somatic cell nuclear transfer. We further showed that direct cytoplasmic injection of Cas9 mRNA and the favorable sgRNA into zygotes could generate biallelic knockout piglets with an efficiency of up to 100%. Thus, our method considerably reduces the uncertainties and expands the practical possibilities of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome engineering in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianlong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jinwei Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agriculture University, Ya’an, Sichuan 625014, China
| | - Chunwei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jiaojiao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tang Hai
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yanfang Wang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qiantao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongyong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guosong Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiangnan Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Suizhong Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agriculture University, Ya’an, Sichuan 625014, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianguo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Pilichi S, Rocca S, Pool RR, Dattena M, Masala G, Mara L, Sanna D, Casu S, Manunta ML, Manunta A, Passino ES. Treatment with embryonic stem-like cells into osteochondral defects in sheep femoral condyles. BMC Vet Res 2014; 10:301. [PMID: 25523522 PMCID: PMC4297431 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-014-0301-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Articular cartilage has poor intrinsic capacity for regeneration because of its avascularity and very slow cellular turnover. Defects deriving from trauma or joint disease tend to be repaired with fibrocartilage rather than hyaline cartilage. Consequent degenerative processes are related to the width and depth of the defect. Since mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) deriving from patients affected by osteoarthritis have a lower proliferative and chondrogenic activity, the systemic or local delivery of heterologous cells may enhance regeneration or inhibit the progressive loss of joint tissue. Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are very promising, since they can self-renew for prolonged periods without differentiation and can differentiate into tissues from all the 3 germ layers. To date only a few experiments have used ESCs for the study of the cartilage regeneration in animal models and most of them used laboratory animals. Sheep, due to their anatomical, physiological and immunological similarity to humans, represent a valid model for translational studies. This experiment aimed to evaluate if the local delivery of male sheep embryonic stem-like (ES-like) cells into osteochondral defects in the femoral condyles of adult sheep can enhance the regeneration of articular cartilage. Twenty-two ewes were divided into 5 groups (1, 2, 6, 12 and 24 months after surgery). Newly formed tissue was evaluated by macroscopic, histological, immunohistochemical (collagen type II) and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) assays. Results Regenerated tissue was ultimately evaluated on 17 sheep. Samples engrafted with ES-like cells had significantly better histologic evidence of regeneration with respect to empty defects, used as controls, at all time periods. Conclusions Histological assessments demonstrated that the local delivery of ES-like cells into osteochondral defects in sheep femoral condyles enhances the regeneration of the articular hyaline cartilage, without signs of immune rejection or teratoma for 24 months after engraftment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12917-014-0301-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Pilichi
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Agency of Sardinia, Olmedo, Sassari, 07040, Italy.
| | - Stefano Rocca
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, via Vienna, Sassari, 07100, Italy.
| | - Roy R Pool
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, 77843-4467, TX, USA.
| | - Maria Dattena
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Agency of Sardinia, Olmedo, Sassari, 07040, Italy.
| | - Gerolamo Masala
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, via Vienna, Sassari, 07100, Italy.
| | - Laura Mara
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Agency of Sardinia, Olmedo, Sassari, 07040, Italy.
| | - Daniela Sanna
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Agency of Sardinia, Olmedo, Sassari, 07040, Italy.
| | - Sara Casu
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Agency of Sardinia, Olmedo, Sassari, 07040, Italy.
| | - Maria L Manunta
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, via Vienna, Sassari, 07100, Italy.
| | - Andrea Manunta
- Department of Surgery, Microsurgery and Medicine, University of Sassari, viale San Pietro, Sassari, 07100, Italy.
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Heo YT, Quan X, Xu YN, Baek S, Choi H, Kim NH, Kim J. CRISPR/Cas9 nuclease-mediated gene knock-in in bovine-induced pluripotent cells. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 24:393-402. [PMID: 25209165 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient and precise genetic engineering in livestock such as cattle holds great promise in agriculture and biomedicine. However, techniques that generate pluripotent stem cells, as well as reliable tools for gene targeting in livestock, are still inefficient, and thus not routinely used. Here, we report highly efficient gene targeting in the bovine genome using bovine pluripotent cells and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/Cas9 nuclease. First, we generate induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from bovine somatic fibroblasts by the ectopic expression of yamanaka factors and GSK3β and MEK inhibitor (2i) treatment. We observed that these bovine iPSCs are highly similar to naïve pluripotent stem cells with regard to gene expression and developmental potential in teratomas. Moreover, CRISPR/Cas9 nuclease, which was specific for the bovine NANOG locus, showed highly efficient editing of the bovine genome in bovine iPSCs and embryos. To conclude, CRISPR/Cas9 nuclease-mediated homologous recombination targeting in bovine pluripotent cells is an efficient gene editing method that can be used to generate transgenic livestock in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Tae Heo
- 1 Department of Animal Sciences, Center for the Animal Bioreactor and Xenotransplantation, Chungbuk National University , Cheongju, South Korea
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Kues WA, Nowak-Imialek M, Haridoss S, Niemann H. Strategies for the derivation of pluripotent cells from farm animals. Reprod Domest Anim 2014; 45 Suppl 3:25-31. [PMID: 24417196 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2010.01663.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Recent experiments demonstrated that forced expression of few critical genes drives conversion of a somatic into a pluripotent cell state. These induced pluripotent cells (iPS) were first generated from murine fibroblasts by Shinya Yamanaka's laboratory in 2006. By using retroviral vectors to express combinations of stemness genes, they identified Oct4, Sox2, Krueppel-like factor 4 and c-Myc as essential factors for reprogramming of somatic cells. Subsequent experiments applied this technology to human and rat fibroblasts, as well as other cell types and several groups showed that iPS can be generated by an even smaller number of transcription factors. The efficiency of conversion and maintenance of a pluripotent state can be supported by small molecules, such as valproic acid and specific pharmacological inhibitors. This technology is a milestone for a basic understanding of cell potency, cell fate and pathogenesis, as well as for development of cell therapies and potential applications in animal breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- W A Kues
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Mariensee, Neustadt Department of Reprogramming, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Iqbal K, Chitwood JL, Meyers-Brown GA, Roser JF, Ross PJ. RNA-seq transcriptome profiling of equine inner cell mass and trophectoderm. Biol Reprod 2014; 90:61. [PMID: 24478389 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.113.113928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Formation of the inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm (TE) marks the first differentiation event in mammalian development. These two cell types have completely divergent fates for the remainder of the developmental process. The molecular mechanisms that regulate ICM and TE formation are poorly characterized in horses. The objective of this study was to establish the transcriptome profiles of ICM and TE cells from horse blastocysts using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). A total of 12 270 genes were found to be expressed in either lineage. Global analysis of the transcriptome profiles by unsupervised clustering indicated that ICM and TE samples presented different gene expression patterns. Statistical analysis indicated that 1662 genes were differentially expressed (adjusted P < 0.05 and fold change > 2) between ICM and TE. Genes known to be specific to the ICM and TE were expressed primarily in their respective tissue. Transcript abundance for genes related to biological processes important for horse blastocyst formation and function is presented and discussed. Collectively, our data and analysis serve as a valuable resource for gene discovery and unraveling the fundamental mechanisms of early horse development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khursheed Iqbal
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, California
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40
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Goissis MD, Cibelli JB. Functional Characterization of SOX2 in Bovine Preimplantation Embryos1. Biol Reprod 2014; 90:30. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.113.111526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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41
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Reprogramming of Pig Dermal Fibroblast into Insulin Secreting Cells by a Brief Exposure to 5-aza-cytidine. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2013; 10:31-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s12015-013-9477-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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42
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Schiffmacher AT, Keefer CL. CDX2 regulates multiple trophoblast genes in bovine trophectoderm CT-1 cells. Mol Reprod Dev 2013; 80:826-39. [PMID: 23836438 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The bovine trophectoderm (TE) undergoes a dramatic morphogenetic transition prior to uterine endometrial attachment. Many studies have documented trophoblast-specific gene expression profiles at various pre-attachment stages, yet genetic interactions within the transitioning TE gene regulatory network are not well characterized. During bovine embryogenesis, transcription factors OCT4 and CDX2 are co-expressed during early trophoblast elongation. In this study, the bovine trophectoderm-derived CT-1 cell line was utilized as a genetic model to examine the roles of CDX2 and OCT4 within the bovine trophoblast gene regulatory network. An RT-PCR screen for TE-lineage transcription factors identified expression of CDX2, ERRB, ID2, SOX15, ELF5, HAND1, and ASCL2. CT-1 cells also express a nuclear-localized, 360 amino acid OCT4 ortholog of the pluripotency-specific human OCT4A. To delineate the roles of CDX2 and OCT4 within the CT-1 gene network, CDX2 and OCT4 levels were manipulated via overexpression and siRNA-mediated knockdown. An increase in CDX2 negatively regulated OCT4 expression, but increased expression of IFNT, HAND1, ASCL2, SOX15, and ELF5. A reduction of CDX2 levels exhibited a reciprocal effect, resulting in decreased expression of IFNT, HAND1, ASCL2, and SOX15. Both overexpression and knockdown of CDX2 increased ETS2 transcription. In contrast to CDX2, manipulation of OCT4 levels only revealed a positive autoregulatory mechanism and upregulation of ASCL2. Together, these results suggest that CDX2 is a core regulator of multiple trophoblast genes within CT-1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T Schiffmacher
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
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43
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Choi KH, Park JK, Kim HS, Uh KJ, Son DC, Lee CK. Epigenetic changes of lentiviral transgenes in porcine stem cells derived from embryonic origin. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72184. [PMID: 23977247 PMCID: PMC3747048 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Because of the physiological and immunological similarities that exist between pigs and humans, porcine pluripotent cell lines have been identified as important candidates for preliminary studies on human disease as well as a source for generating transgenic animals. Therefore, the establishment and characterization of porcine embryonic stem cells (pESCs), along with the generation of stable transgenic cell lines, is essential. In this study, we attempted to efficiently introduce transgenes into Epiblast stem cell (EpiSC)-like pESCs. Consequently, a pluripotent cell line could be derived from a porcine-hatched blastocyst. Enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) was successfully introduced into the cells via lentiviral vectors under various multiplicities of infection, with pluripotency and differentiation potential unaffected after transfection. However, EGFP expression gradually declined during extended culture. This silencing effect was recovered by in vitro differentiation and treatment with 5-azadeoxycytidine. This phenomenon was related to DNA methylation as determined by bisulfite sequencing. In conclusion, we were able to successfully derive EpiSC-like pESCs and introduce transgenes into these cells using lentiviral vectors. This cell line could potentially be used as a donor cell source for transgenic pigs and may be a useful tool for studies involving EpiSC-like pESCs as well as aid in the understanding of the epigenetic regulation of transgenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Hwan Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Kyu Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye-Sun Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Jun Uh
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Chan Son
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang-Kyu Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Muñoz M, Penarossa G, Caamaño JN, Díez C, Brevini TAL, Gómez E. Research with parthenogenetic stem cells will help decide whether a safer clinical use is possible. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2013; 9:325-31. [PMID: 23798507 DOI: 10.1002/term.1779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The derivation and use of parthenogenetic stem cells (pESCs) are envisaged as a reliable alternative to conventional embryonic stem cells. Similar to embryonic stem cells in their proliferation, expression of pluripotency markers and capacity to multilineage differentiation, pESCs are at a lower risk of immune rejection within stem cell-based therapeutics. Moreover, pESCs represent an important model system to study the effect of paternally imprinted genes on cell differentiation. However, currently available information about the genetic and epigenetic behaviour of pESCs is limited. Thus, a detailed look at the biology of parthenogenetic (PG) embryos and PG-derived cell lines would allow gaining insight into the full potential of pESC in biotechnology. In this commentary article we review some features related to the biology of PG embryos and pESCs. In addition, novel traits on bovine pESCs (bpESCs) are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Muñoz
- Centro de Biotecnología Animal - SERIDA, La Olla - Deva, Gijón, Asturias, Spain
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45
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Hall V, Hinrichs K, Lazzari G, Betts DH, Hyttel P. Early embryonic development, assisted reproductive technologies, and pluripotent stem cell biology in domestic mammals. Vet J 2013; 197:128-42. [PMID: 23810186 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Over many decades assisted reproductive technologies, including artificial insemination, embryo transfer, in vitro production (IVP) of embryos, cloning by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), and stem cell culture, have been developed with the aim of refining breeding strategies for improved production and health in animal husbandry. More recently, biomedical applications of these technologies, in particular, SCNT and stem cell culture, have been pursued in domestic mammals in order to create models for human disease and therapy. The following review focuses on presenting important aspects of pre-implantation development in cattle, pigs, horses, and dogs. Biological aspects and impact of assisted reproductive technologies including IVP, SCNT, and culture of pluripotent stem cells are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Hall
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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46
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Verma V, Huang B, Kallingappa PK, Oback B. Dual Kinase Inhibition Promotes Pluripotency in Finite Bovine Embryonic Cell Lines. Stem Cells Dev 2013; 22:1728-42. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2012.0481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Verma
- AgResearch, Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Ben Huang
- AgResearch, Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | | | - Björn Oback
- AgResearch, Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton, New Zealand
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47
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Wolf G, Nielsen AL, Mikkelsen JG, Pedersen FS. Epigenetic marking and repression of porcine endogenous retroviruses. J Gen Virol 2013; 94:960-970. [PMID: 23324470 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.049288-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are remnants of retroviral germ line infections and have been identified in all mammals investigated so far. Although the majority of ERVs are degenerated, some mammalian species, such as mice and pigs, carry replication-competent ERVs capable of forming infectious viral particles. In mice, ERVs are silenced by DNA methylation and histone modifications and some exogenous retroviruses were shown to be transcriptionally repressed after integration by a primer-binding site (PBS) targeting mechanism. However, epigenetic repression of porcine ERVs (PERVs) has remained largely unexplored so far. In this study, we screened the pig genome for PERVs using LTRharvest, a tool for de novo detection of ERVs, and investigated various aspects of epigenetic repression of three unrelated PERV families. We found that these PERV families are differentially up- or downregulated upon chemical inhibition of DNA methylation and histone deacetylation in cultured porcine cells. Furthermore, chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis revealed repressive histone methylation marks at PERV loci in primary porcine embryonic germ cells and immortalized embryonic kidney cells. PERV elements belonging to the PERV-γ1 family, which is the only known PERV family that has remained active up to the present, were marked by significantly higher levels of histone methylations than PERV-γ2 and PERV-β3 proviruses. Finally, we tested three PERV-associated PBS sequences for repression activity in murine and porcine cells using retroviral transduction experiments and showed that none of these PBS sequences induced immediate transcriptional silencing in the tested primary porcine cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gernot Wolf
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Aarhus, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | | | - Finn Skou Pedersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Aarhus, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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48
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Volk SW, Theoret C. Translating stem cell therapies: the role of companion animals in regenerative medicine. Wound Repair Regen 2013; 21:382-94. [PMID: 23627495 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Veterinarians and veterinary medicine have been integral to the development of stem cell therapies. The contributions of large animal experimental models to the development and refinement of modern hematopoietic stem cell transplantation were noted nearly five decades ago. More recent advances in adult stem cell/regenerative cell therapies continue to expand knowledge of the basic biology and clinical applications of stem cells. A relatively liberal legal and ethical regulation of stem cell research in veterinary medicine has facilitated the development and in some instances clinical translation of a variety of cell-based therapies involving hematopoietic stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells, as well as other adult regenerative cells and recently embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells. In fact, many of the pioneering developments in these fields of stem cell research have been achieved through collaborations of veterinary and human scientists. This review aims to provide an overview of the contribution of large animal veterinary models in advancing stem cell therapies for both human and clinical veterinary applications. Moreover, in the context of the "One Health Initiative," the role veterinary patients may play in the future evolution of stem cell therapies for both human and animal patients will be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan W Volk
- Department of Clinical Studies and Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104-4539, USA.
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Lei L, Li L, Du F, Chen CH, Wang H, Keefer CL. Monitoring bovine fetal fibroblast reprogramming utilizing a bovine NANOG promoter-driven EGFP reporter system. Mol Reprod Dev 2013; 80:193-203. [PMID: 23280629 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
NANOG is an essential transcription factor involved in the proliferation and maintenance of embryonic stem cells (ESC) and reprogramming of somatic cells to a pluripotent state. Oct4 and Nanog promoter-driven enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) reporters have been employed for establishing lines of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) from mouse, human, and pig. In ruminants, including cattle, in which no fully validated ESC lines have been established, iPSC generated by reprogramming somatic cells to an ESC-like state may prove useful in the production of genetically modified livestock. In this study, utility of the bovine NANOG reporter was tested for use with cattle. Seven proximal bovine NANOG promoter fragments of different size were fused to the LUC gene, and were tested in mouse ESC lines using a dual-luciferase assay. Three of the bovine NANOG promoters, 315 bp (-134/+181), 446 bp (-265/+181), and 1,100 bp (-919/+181), were fused to a nuclear localized signal EGFP reporter gene. The fidelity of these constructs was analyzed by transfection into mouse ESC and bovine fetal fibroblasts (bFFs), and subsequent reprogramming of the bFF. Fusion of the transgenic bFF with human teratocarcinoma (NTERA2) cells induced nuclear expression of the EGFP reporter. Similarly, bFF-derived somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos expressed EGFP in a stage- and location-appropriate manner. Following reprogramming of transgenic bFFs for 10 days with an Oct4-Sox2-Klf4-cMyc vector, iPSC expressed EGFP and alkaline phosphatase. These results indicate that NANOG reporters can be used to monitor nuclear reprogramming of bFFs and to distinguish cell allocation in SCNT-derived embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Lei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Center for Stem Cell Engineering and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, P.R. China
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Alberio R, Perez AR. Recent advances in stem and germ cell research: implications for the derivation of pig pluripotent cells. Reprod Domest Anim 2013; 47 Suppl 4:98-106. [PMID: 22827357 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2012.02062.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells have the unique capacity to contribute to all the tissues of an adult animal after transfer into a host embryo. How pluripotency is acquired during early development and how it is maintained in stem cells have attracted the interest of many scientists for over three decades. Much progress in our understanding of how stem cells arise in culture and the signals required for homoeostasis has enabled the derivation of pluripotent cells in multiple species. Here, we discuss recent developments in stem cell biology that will impact the generation of pluripotent cells from different embryonic origins and will contribute to increase our capacity for generating transgenic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Alberio
- Division of Animal Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, UK.
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