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Komatsuda H, Kono M, Wakisaka R, Sato R, Inoue T, Kumai T, Takahara M. Harnessing Immunity to Treat Advanced Thyroid Cancer. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 12:45. [PMID: 38250858 PMCID: PMC10820966 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The incidence of thyroid cancer (TC) has increased over the past 30 years. Although differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) has a good prognosis in most patients undergoing total thyroidectomy followed by radioiodine therapy (RAI), 5-10% of patients develop metastasis. Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) has a low survival rate and few effective treatments have been available to date. Recently, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been successfully applied to RAI-resistant or non-responsive TC to suppress the disease. However, TC eventually develops resistance to TKIs. Immunotherapy is a promising treatment for TC, the majority of which is considered an immune-hot malignancy. Immune suppression by TC cells and immune-suppressing cells, including tumor-associated macrophages, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and regulatory T cells, is complex and dynamic. Negative immune checkpoints, cytokines, vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF), and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) suppress antitumor T cells. Basic and translational advances in immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), molecule-targeted therapy, tumor-specific immunotherapy, and their combinations have enabled us to overcome immune suppression and activate antitumor immune cells. This review summarizes current findings regarding the immune microenvironment, immunosuppression, immunological targets, and immunotherapy for TC and highlights the potential efficacy of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Komatsuda
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan; (H.K.); (M.K.); (R.W.); (R.S.); (T.I.); (M.T.)
| | - Michihisa Kono
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan; (H.K.); (M.K.); (R.W.); (R.S.); (T.I.); (M.T.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Risa Wakisaka
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan; (H.K.); (M.K.); (R.W.); (R.S.); (T.I.); (M.T.)
| | - Ryosuke Sato
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan; (H.K.); (M.K.); (R.W.); (R.S.); (T.I.); (M.T.)
| | - Takahiro Inoue
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan; (H.K.); (M.K.); (R.W.); (R.S.); (T.I.); (M.T.)
| | - Takumi Kumai
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan; (H.K.); (M.K.); (R.W.); (R.S.); (T.I.); (M.T.)
- Department of Innovative Head & Neck Cancer Research and Treatment, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan
| | - Miki Takahara
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan; (H.K.); (M.K.); (R.W.); (R.S.); (T.I.); (M.T.)
- Department of Innovative Head & Neck Cancer Research and Treatment, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan
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Tribian LS, Lennartz M, Höflmayer D, de Wispelaere N, Dwertmann Rico S, von Bargen C, Kind S, Reiswich V, Viehweger F, Lutz F, Bertram V, Fraune C, Gorbokon N, Weidemann S, Hube-Magg C, Menz A, Uhlig R, Krech T, Hinsch A, Burandt E, Sauter G, Simon R, Kluth M, Steurer S, Marx AH, Lebok P, Dum D, Minner S, Jacobsen F, Clauditz TS, Bernreuther C. Diagnostic Role and Prognostic Impact of PSAP Immunohistochemistry: A Tissue Microarray Study on 31,358 Cancer Tissues. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3242. [PMID: 37892063 PMCID: PMC10606209 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13203242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate-specific acid phosphatase (PSAP) is a marker for prostate cancer. To assess the specificity and prognostic impact of PSAP, 14,137 samples from 127 different tumor (sub)types, 17,747 prostate cancers, and 76 different normal tissue types were analyzed via immunohistochemistry in a tissue microarray format. In normal tissues, PSAP staining was limited to the prostate epithelial cells. In prostate cancers, PSAP was seen in 100% of Gleason 3 + 3, 95.5% of Gleason 4 + 4, 93.8% of recurrent cancer under androgen deprivation therapy, 91.0% of Gleason 5 + 5, and 31.2% of small cell neuroendocrine cancer. In non-prostatic tumors, PSAP immunostaining was only found in 3.2% of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors and in 0.8% of diffuse-type gastric adenocarcinomas. In prostate cancer, reduced PSAP staining was strongly linked to an advanced pT stage, a high classical and quantitative Gleason score, lymph node metastasis, high pre-operative PSA levels, early PSA recurrence (p < 0.0001 each), high androgen receptor expression, and TMPRSS2:ERG fusions. A low level of PSAP expression was linked to PSA recurrence independent of pre- and postoperative prognostic markers in ERG-negative cancers. Positive PSAP immunostaining is highly specific for prostate cancer. Reduced PSAP expression is associated with aggressive prostate cancers. These findings make PSAP a candidate marker for prognostic multiparameter panels in ERG-negative prostate cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sophie Tribian
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (L.S.T.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (S.D.R.); (C.v.B.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (F.L.); (V.B.); (C.F.); (N.G.); (S.W.); (C.H.-M.); (A.M.); (R.U.); (T.K.); (A.H.); (E.B.); (G.S.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.L.); (D.D.); (S.M.); (F.J.); (T.S.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Maximilian Lennartz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (L.S.T.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (S.D.R.); (C.v.B.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (F.L.); (V.B.); (C.F.); (N.G.); (S.W.); (C.H.-M.); (A.M.); (R.U.); (T.K.); (A.H.); (E.B.); (G.S.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.L.); (D.D.); (S.M.); (F.J.); (T.S.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Doris Höflmayer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (L.S.T.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (S.D.R.); (C.v.B.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (F.L.); (V.B.); (C.F.); (N.G.); (S.W.); (C.H.-M.); (A.M.); (R.U.); (T.K.); (A.H.); (E.B.); (G.S.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.L.); (D.D.); (S.M.); (F.J.); (T.S.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Noémi de Wispelaere
- Department of General, Visceral, and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Sebastian Dwertmann Rico
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (L.S.T.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (S.D.R.); (C.v.B.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (F.L.); (V.B.); (C.F.); (N.G.); (S.W.); (C.H.-M.); (A.M.); (R.U.); (T.K.); (A.H.); (E.B.); (G.S.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.L.); (D.D.); (S.M.); (F.J.); (T.S.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Clara von Bargen
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (L.S.T.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (S.D.R.); (C.v.B.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (F.L.); (V.B.); (C.F.); (N.G.); (S.W.); (C.H.-M.); (A.M.); (R.U.); (T.K.); (A.H.); (E.B.); (G.S.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.L.); (D.D.); (S.M.); (F.J.); (T.S.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Simon Kind
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (L.S.T.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (S.D.R.); (C.v.B.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (F.L.); (V.B.); (C.F.); (N.G.); (S.W.); (C.H.-M.); (A.M.); (R.U.); (T.K.); (A.H.); (E.B.); (G.S.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.L.); (D.D.); (S.M.); (F.J.); (T.S.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Viktor Reiswich
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (L.S.T.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (S.D.R.); (C.v.B.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (F.L.); (V.B.); (C.F.); (N.G.); (S.W.); (C.H.-M.); (A.M.); (R.U.); (T.K.); (A.H.); (E.B.); (G.S.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.L.); (D.D.); (S.M.); (F.J.); (T.S.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Florian Viehweger
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (L.S.T.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (S.D.R.); (C.v.B.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (F.L.); (V.B.); (C.F.); (N.G.); (S.W.); (C.H.-M.); (A.M.); (R.U.); (T.K.); (A.H.); (E.B.); (G.S.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.L.); (D.D.); (S.M.); (F.J.); (T.S.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Florian Lutz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (L.S.T.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (S.D.R.); (C.v.B.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (F.L.); (V.B.); (C.F.); (N.G.); (S.W.); (C.H.-M.); (A.M.); (R.U.); (T.K.); (A.H.); (E.B.); (G.S.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.L.); (D.D.); (S.M.); (F.J.); (T.S.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Veit Bertram
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (L.S.T.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (S.D.R.); (C.v.B.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (F.L.); (V.B.); (C.F.); (N.G.); (S.W.); (C.H.-M.); (A.M.); (R.U.); (T.K.); (A.H.); (E.B.); (G.S.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.L.); (D.D.); (S.M.); (F.J.); (T.S.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Christoph Fraune
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (L.S.T.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (S.D.R.); (C.v.B.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (F.L.); (V.B.); (C.F.); (N.G.); (S.W.); (C.H.-M.); (A.M.); (R.U.); (T.K.); (A.H.); (E.B.); (G.S.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.L.); (D.D.); (S.M.); (F.J.); (T.S.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Natalia Gorbokon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (L.S.T.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (S.D.R.); (C.v.B.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (F.L.); (V.B.); (C.F.); (N.G.); (S.W.); (C.H.-M.); (A.M.); (R.U.); (T.K.); (A.H.); (E.B.); (G.S.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.L.); (D.D.); (S.M.); (F.J.); (T.S.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Sören Weidemann
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (L.S.T.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (S.D.R.); (C.v.B.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (F.L.); (V.B.); (C.F.); (N.G.); (S.W.); (C.H.-M.); (A.M.); (R.U.); (T.K.); (A.H.); (E.B.); (G.S.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.L.); (D.D.); (S.M.); (F.J.); (T.S.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Claudia Hube-Magg
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (L.S.T.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (S.D.R.); (C.v.B.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (F.L.); (V.B.); (C.F.); (N.G.); (S.W.); (C.H.-M.); (A.M.); (R.U.); (T.K.); (A.H.); (E.B.); (G.S.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.L.); (D.D.); (S.M.); (F.J.); (T.S.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Anne Menz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (L.S.T.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (S.D.R.); (C.v.B.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (F.L.); (V.B.); (C.F.); (N.G.); (S.W.); (C.H.-M.); (A.M.); (R.U.); (T.K.); (A.H.); (E.B.); (G.S.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.L.); (D.D.); (S.M.); (F.J.); (T.S.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Ria Uhlig
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (L.S.T.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (S.D.R.); (C.v.B.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (F.L.); (V.B.); (C.F.); (N.G.); (S.W.); (C.H.-M.); (A.M.); (R.U.); (T.K.); (A.H.); (E.B.); (G.S.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.L.); (D.D.); (S.M.); (F.J.); (T.S.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Till Krech
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (L.S.T.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (S.D.R.); (C.v.B.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (F.L.); (V.B.); (C.F.); (N.G.); (S.W.); (C.H.-M.); (A.M.); (R.U.); (T.K.); (A.H.); (E.B.); (G.S.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.L.); (D.D.); (S.M.); (F.J.); (T.S.C.); (C.B.)
- Institute of Pathology, Clinical Center Osnabrueck, 49076 Osnabrueck, Germany
| | - Andrea Hinsch
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (L.S.T.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (S.D.R.); (C.v.B.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (F.L.); (V.B.); (C.F.); (N.G.); (S.W.); (C.H.-M.); (A.M.); (R.U.); (T.K.); (A.H.); (E.B.); (G.S.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.L.); (D.D.); (S.M.); (F.J.); (T.S.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Eike Burandt
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (L.S.T.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (S.D.R.); (C.v.B.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (F.L.); (V.B.); (C.F.); (N.G.); (S.W.); (C.H.-M.); (A.M.); (R.U.); (T.K.); (A.H.); (E.B.); (G.S.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.L.); (D.D.); (S.M.); (F.J.); (T.S.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (L.S.T.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (S.D.R.); (C.v.B.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (F.L.); (V.B.); (C.F.); (N.G.); (S.W.); (C.H.-M.); (A.M.); (R.U.); (T.K.); (A.H.); (E.B.); (G.S.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.L.); (D.D.); (S.M.); (F.J.); (T.S.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (L.S.T.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (S.D.R.); (C.v.B.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (F.L.); (V.B.); (C.F.); (N.G.); (S.W.); (C.H.-M.); (A.M.); (R.U.); (T.K.); (A.H.); (E.B.); (G.S.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.L.); (D.D.); (S.M.); (F.J.); (T.S.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Martina Kluth
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (L.S.T.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (S.D.R.); (C.v.B.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (F.L.); (V.B.); (C.F.); (N.G.); (S.W.); (C.H.-M.); (A.M.); (R.U.); (T.K.); (A.H.); (E.B.); (G.S.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.L.); (D.D.); (S.M.); (F.J.); (T.S.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Stefan Steurer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (L.S.T.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (S.D.R.); (C.v.B.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (F.L.); (V.B.); (C.F.); (N.G.); (S.W.); (C.H.-M.); (A.M.); (R.U.); (T.K.); (A.H.); (E.B.); (G.S.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.L.); (D.D.); (S.M.); (F.J.); (T.S.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Andreas H. Marx
- Department of Pathology, Academic Hospital Fuerth, 90766 Fuerth, Germany;
| | - Patrick Lebok
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (L.S.T.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (S.D.R.); (C.v.B.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (F.L.); (V.B.); (C.F.); (N.G.); (S.W.); (C.H.-M.); (A.M.); (R.U.); (T.K.); (A.H.); (E.B.); (G.S.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.L.); (D.D.); (S.M.); (F.J.); (T.S.C.); (C.B.)
- Institute of Pathology, Clinical Center Osnabrueck, 49076 Osnabrueck, Germany
| | - David Dum
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (L.S.T.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (S.D.R.); (C.v.B.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (F.L.); (V.B.); (C.F.); (N.G.); (S.W.); (C.H.-M.); (A.M.); (R.U.); (T.K.); (A.H.); (E.B.); (G.S.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.L.); (D.D.); (S.M.); (F.J.); (T.S.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Sarah Minner
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (L.S.T.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (S.D.R.); (C.v.B.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (F.L.); (V.B.); (C.F.); (N.G.); (S.W.); (C.H.-M.); (A.M.); (R.U.); (T.K.); (A.H.); (E.B.); (G.S.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.L.); (D.D.); (S.M.); (F.J.); (T.S.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Frank Jacobsen
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (L.S.T.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (S.D.R.); (C.v.B.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (F.L.); (V.B.); (C.F.); (N.G.); (S.W.); (C.H.-M.); (A.M.); (R.U.); (T.K.); (A.H.); (E.B.); (G.S.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.L.); (D.D.); (S.M.); (F.J.); (T.S.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Till S. Clauditz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (L.S.T.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (S.D.R.); (C.v.B.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (F.L.); (V.B.); (C.F.); (N.G.); (S.W.); (C.H.-M.); (A.M.); (R.U.); (T.K.); (A.H.); (E.B.); (G.S.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.L.); (D.D.); (S.M.); (F.J.); (T.S.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Christian Bernreuther
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (L.S.T.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (S.D.R.); (C.v.B.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (F.L.); (V.B.); (C.F.); (N.G.); (S.W.); (C.H.-M.); (A.M.); (R.U.); (T.K.); (A.H.); (E.B.); (G.S.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.L.); (D.D.); (S.M.); (F.J.); (T.S.C.); (C.B.)
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Lennartz M, Csomós H, Chirico V, Weidemann S, Gorbokon N, Menz A, Büscheck F, Hube-Magg C, Höflmayer D, Bernreuther C, Blessin NC, Lebok P, Sauter G, Steurer S, Burandt E, Dum D, Krech T, Simon R, Minner S, Jacobsen F, Clauditz TS, Luebke AM, Siraj AK, Al-Dayel F, Al-Kuraya KS, Hinsch A. Cadherin-16 (CDH16) immunohistochemistry: a useful diagnostic tool for renal cell carcinoma and papillary carcinomas of the thyroid. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12917. [PMID: 37558687 PMCID: PMC10412623 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39945-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadherin-16 (CDH16) plays a role in the embryonal development in kidney and thyroid. Downregulation of CDH16 RNA was found in papillary carcinomas of the thyroid. To determine the expression of CDH16 in tumors and to assess the diagnostic utility a tissue microarray containing 15,584 samples from 152 different tumor types as well as 608 samples of 76 different normal tissue types was analyzed. A membranous CDH16 immunostaining was predominantly seen in thyroid, kidney, cauda epididymis, and mesonephric remnants. In the thyroid, CDH16 staining was seen in 100% of normal samples, 86% of follicular adenomas, 60% of follicular carcinomas, but only 7% of papillary carcinomas (p < 0.0001). CDH16 positivity was frequent in nephrogenic adenomas (100%), oncocytomas (98%), chromophobe (97%), clear cell (85%), and papillary (76%) renal cell carcinomas (RCCs), various subtypes of carcinoma of the ovary (16-56%), various subtyped of carcinomas of the uterus (18-40%), as well as in various subtypes of neuroendocrine neoplasms (4-26%). Nineteen further tumor entities showed a weak to moderate CDH16 staining in up to 8% of cases. Our data suggest CDH16 as a potential diagnostic marker-as a part of a panel-for the identification of papillary carcinomas of the thyroid, nephrogenic adenomas, and the distinction of renal cell tumors from other neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Lennartz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Henrietta Csomós
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Viktoria Chirico
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sören Weidemann
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Natalia Gorbokon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anne Menz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Büscheck
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Hube-Magg
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Doris Höflmayer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Bernreuther
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Niclas C Blessin
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Lebok
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, Clinical Center Osnabrueck, Osnabrueck, Germany
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Steurer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eike Burandt
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - David Dum
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Till Krech
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, Clinical Center Osnabrueck, Osnabrueck, Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Minner
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Frank Jacobsen
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Till S Clauditz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas M Luebke
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Abdul Khalid Siraj
- Department of Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fouad Al-Dayel
- Department of Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khawla S Al-Kuraya
- Department of Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Andrea Hinsch
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
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4
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Yorita K, Hokimoto N, Tanida N, Matsuoka H. Metastatic recurrence of lung adenocarcinoma in thyroid clinically masquerading as primary thyroid cancer and immunohistochemically positive for thyroglobulin. BMJ Case Rep 2023; 16:e254014. [PMID: 37208007 PMCID: PMC10201221 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2022-254014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a case of a man in his 60s with metastatic lung adenocarcinoma in the thyroid and cervical lymph nodes. The lung cancer was resected 5 years prior to presentation. The metastasis mimicked primary thyroid cancer by clinical examination and CT. However, fine-needle aspiration cytology of the thyroid and the lymph node lesions favoured lung cancer metastasis rather than thyroid cancer. Left thyroid lobectomy and lymphadenectomy were performed. Pathology confirmed the presence of an adenocarcinoma in the thyroid and two lymph nodes, which was similar to the previous lung cancer. The tumour cells in the thyroid were immunohistochemically positive for TTF1 and thyroglobulin and negative for PAX8. This is the second reported case of metastatic lung cancer in the thyroid that was focally positive for thyroglobulin. This can be a pitfall in differentiating between primary thyroid tumour and metastatic lung adenocarcinoma by pathological and cytological examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Yorita
- Diagnostic Pathology, Japanese Red Cross Kochi Hospital, Kochi-shi, Japan
| | | | - Nobuyuki Tanida
- Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Kochi Hospital, Kochi-shi, Japan
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5
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Thyroglobulin expression, Ki-67 index, and lymph node ratio in the prognostic assessment of papillary thyroid cancer. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1070. [PMID: 36658256 PMCID: PMC9852547 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27684-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical significance of thyroglobulin (Tg) expression in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) has not been systematically explored in relation to the Ki-67 index, lymph node ratio (LNR), or other conventional prognostic predictors. In this retrospective study of 327 patients with PTC, we investigated the immunohistochemical expression of Tg in both primary tumors and their matching lymph node metastases in relation to the Ki-67 index, LNR, and clinical data. Tumoral Tg immunoreactivity was inversely correlated to the Ki-67 index and tumor recurrence. The Ki-67 index was higher in lymph node metastases (mean 4%) than in the primary tumors (mean 3%). Reduced Tg expression, estimated as 0-25% Tg positive tumor cells, was more common in lymph node metastases compared to primary tumors. In addition to advanced metastatic burden (defined as N1b stage and LNR ≥ 21%), low Tg expression (0-25% positive tumor cells) in lymph node metastases had a significant prognostic impact with shorter recurrence-free survival. These findings support the potential value of histopathological assessment of Tg expression and Ki-67 index in lymph node metastases as complementary predictors to anticipate the prognosis of PTC patients better.
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6
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Borgmann M, Oetting A, Meyer F, Möckelmann N, Droste C, von Bargen CM, Möller-Koop C, Witt M, Borgmann K, Rothkamm K, Betz C, Münscher A, Clauditz TS, Rieckmann T. The prognostic impact of B7-H3 and B7-H4 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022:10.1007/s00432-022-04244-2. [PMID: 35941227 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04244-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Immune checkpoint inhibition is a therapeutic option in many cancer entities. In head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) targeting of the PD-1/PD-L1 (B7-H1) axis is approved in recurrent/metastatic disease and is being explored in the curative setting. Here, we evaluated two related members of the B7 family, B7-H3 & B7-H4, for their prognostic impact under standard treatment. METHODS A tissue microarray (TMA) of a single center HNSCC cohort was stained for B7-H3 and B7-H4. Staining intensity and the number of tumor cells stained were assessed, and the expression was scored according to an established algorithm. Staining scores were correlated with clinicopathological parameters and associated with patient survival. mRNA levels of both proteins were associated with patient outcome using the TCGA dataset. RESULTS mRNA levels of B7-H3 and B7-H4 were not significantly associated with patient survival. TMA analysis revealed interpretable protein staining in 408 samples. Strong staining was the most frequent category for B7-H3 and no staining for B7-H4. In patients with p16-negative oropharyngeal SCC (OPSCC) and in a pooled cohort consisting of p16-negative OPSCC, laryngeal, hypopharyngeal and oral cavity SCC, strong B7-H3 expression was associated with better overall survival. For the latter cohort, this was in part due to reduced lymph node involvement. B7-H3 expression in p16-positive OPSCC and B7-H4 expression were not associated with outcome. CONCLUSION Despite a possible role in tumor immune escape, B7-H3 was associated with favorable prognosis in HPV-negative HNSCC in our cohort. The underlying mechanisms and a potential impact for B7-H3 targeting remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Borgmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Asklepios Klinik Nord, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Agnes Oetting
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Felix Meyer
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Möckelmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Marienkrankenhaus Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Conrad Droste
- University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Christina Möller-Koop
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Witt
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Borgmann
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kai Rothkamm
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Betz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Adrian Münscher
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Marienkrankenhaus Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Thorsten Rieckmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. .,Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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7
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Reiswich V, Könemann S, Lennartz M, Höflmayer D, Menz A, Chirico V, Hube-Magg C, Fraune C, Bernreuther C, Simon R, Clauditz TS, Sauter G, Hinsch A, Kind S, Jacobsen F, Steurer S, Minner S, Büscheck F, Burandt E, Marx AH, Lebok P, Krech T. Large-scale human tissue analysis identifies Uroplakin 1a as a putative diagnostic marker for urothelial cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 237:154028. [PMID: 35872365 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Uroplakin 1A (Upk1a) protein is relevant for stabilizing and strengthening urothelial cells and helps to prevent them from rupturing during bladder distension. Based on RNA expression data Upk1a is expressed in a limited number of normal tissues and tumors. To comprehensively evaluate the potential diagnostic and prognostic utility of Upk1a immunohistochemistry, a tissue microarray containing 6929 samples from 115 different tumor types and subtypes and 608 samples of 76 different normal tissue types was analyzed. Upk1a positivity was found in 34 (29.6 %) different tumor types including 9 (7.8 %) tumor types with at least one strongly positive case. The highest rates of Upk1a positivity were seen in various subtypes of urothelial neoplasms (42.6-98 %) including Brenner tumors of the ovary (64.9 %) followed by neoplasms of the thyroid (10.4-33.3 %). In urothelial tumors, Upk1a staining predominated at the cell membranes and staining intensity was often moderate to strong. In thyroidal neoplasms the staining was mostly purely cytoplasmic and of low to moderate intensity. Upk1a positivity was also seen in up to 15 % of cases in 25 additional tumor categories but the staining intensity was often cytoplasmic and the intensity was usually judged as weak and only rarely as moderate. Within non-invasive (pTa) tumors, the Upk1a positivity rate decreased from 94 % in pTa G2 (low grade) to 90.1 % in pTa G3 (p = 0.012) and was even lower in muscle-invasive carcinomas (41.5 %; p < 0.0001 vs pTaG3). Within muscle invasive carcinomas, Upk1a expression was unrelated to nodal metastasis (p > 0.05) and patient outcome (p > 0.05). In conclusion, Upk1a immunohistochemistry is a potentially useful and specific diagnostic marker for the distinction of urothelial carcinomas from other neoplasms. However, its sensitivity is less than 50 % in muscle-invasive cancers because Upk1a expression decreases during grade and stage progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Reiswich
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Steffi Könemann
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Lennartz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Doris Höflmayer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anne Menz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Viktoria Chirico
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Hube-Magg
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Fraune
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Bernreuther
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Till S Clauditz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Hinsch
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simon Kind
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Frank Jacobsen
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Steurer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Minner
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Büscheck
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eike Burandt
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas H Marx
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Pathology, Academic Hospital Fuerth, Fuerth, Germany
| | - Patrick Lebok
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Institute of Pathology, Clinical Center Osnabrueck, Osnabrueck, Germany
| | - Till Krech
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Institute of Pathology, Clinical Center Osnabrueck, Osnabrueck, Germany
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8
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Tissue Microarray Analyses Suggest Axl as a Predictive Biomarker in HPV-Negative Head and Neck Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071829. [PMID: 35406601 PMCID: PMC8997923 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Despite many efforts, no predictive biomarkers that could guide clinical decision making and personalized treatment have been established for patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. We propose that high expression of the tyrosine kinase receptor Axl identifies patients as being at enhanced risk for treatment failure under surgery alone and, hence, should be treated by primary or adjuvant radiotherapy. Abstract The receptor tyrosine kinase Axl is described to promote migration, metastasis and resistance against molecular targeting, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy in various tumor entities, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Since clinical data on Axl and its ligand Gas6 in HNSCC are sparse, we assessed the association of Axl and Gas6 expression with patient survival in a single center retrospective cohort in a tissue microarray format. Expression was evaluated manually using an established algorithm and correlated with clinicopathological parameters and patient survival. A number of 362 samples yielded interpretable staining, which did not correlate with T- and N-stage. Protein expression levels were not associated with the survival of patients with p16-positive oropharyngeal SCC. In HPV-negative tumors, Axl expression did not impact patients treated with primary or adjuvant radio(chemo)therapy, but was significantly associated with inferior overall and recurrence-free survival in patients treated with surgery alone. Gas6 was a positive predictor of survival in patients whose treatment included radiotherapy. Associations remained significant in multivariable analysis. Our data question a meaningful contribution of the Axl/Gas6 pathway to radio-resistance in HNSCC and instead suggest that strong Axl expression identifies tumors requiring adjuvant radio(chemo)therapy after surgery.
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9
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Lam AK, Lee KTW. Application of Immunohistochemistry in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2534:175-195. [PMID: 35670976 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2505-7_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is an economic and precise method to localize the presence of specific protein at cellular level in tissue. Although many papillary thyroid carcinomas do not require IHC to render a diagnosis, there are certain scenarios in which IHC are important. The major diagnostic applications of IHC include confirmation of papillary thyroid carcinoma in sites other than the thyroid, distinguish papillary thyroid carcinoma from other primary thyroid neoplasms in thyroid, and identify papillary thyroid carcinoma from secondary tumors to the thyroid. At research level, IHC could help identify prognostic information, identify underlying genetic alterations, and predict response to treatment in papillary thyroid carcinoma. The understanding of principle and recent advances in IHC will improve the diagnosis and management of patients with thyroid lesions including papillary thyroid carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred K Lam
- Cancer Molecular Pathology of School of Medicine and Dentistry, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.
- Pathology Queensland, Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport, QLD, Australia.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia.
| | - Katherine Ting-Wei Lee
- Cancer Molecular Pathology of School of Medicine and Dentistry, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
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10
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Lennartz M, Gehrig E, Weidemann S, Gorbokon N, Menz A, Büscheck F, Hube-Magg C, Hinsch A, Reiswich V, Höflmayer D, Fraune C, Jacobsen F, Bernreuther C, Lebok P, Sauter G, Wilczak W, Steurer S, Burandt E, Marx AH, Simon R, Krech T, Clauditz TS, Minner S, Dum D, Uhlig R. Large-Scale Tissue Microarray Evaluation Corroborates High Specificity of High-Level Arginase-1 Immunostaining for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11122351. [PMID: 34943588 PMCID: PMC8699869 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11122351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Arginase-1 catalyzes the conversion of arginine to ornithine and urea. Because of its predominant expression in hepatocytes, it serves as a marker for hepatocellular carcinoma, although other tumor entities can also express arginase-1. To comprehensively determine arginase-1 expression in normal and neoplastic tissues, tissue microarrays containing 14,912 samples from 117 different tumor types and 608 samples of 76 different normal tissue types were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. In normal tissues, arginase-1 was expressed in the liver, the granular layer of the epidermis, and in granulocytes. Among tumors, a nuclear and cytoplasmic arginase-1 immunostaining was predominantly observed in hepatocellular carcinoma, where 96% of 49 cancers were at least moderately positive. Although 22 additional tumor categories showed occasional arginase immunostaining, strong staining was exceedingly rare in these entities. Staining of a few tumor cells was observed in squamous cell carcinomas of various sites. Staining typically involved maturing cells with the beginning of keratinization in these tumors and was significantly associated with a low grade in 635 squamous cell carcinomas of various sites (p = 0.003). Teratoma, urothelial carcinoma and pleomorphic adenomas sometimes also showed arginase expression in areas with squamous differentiation. In summary, arginase-1 immunohistochemistry is highly sensitive and specific for hepatocellular carcinoma if weak and focal staining is disregarded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Lennartz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (M.L.); (E.G.); (S.W.); (N.G.); (A.M.); (F.B.); (C.H.-M.); (A.H.); (V.R.); (D.H.); (C.F.); (F.J.); (C.B.); (P.L.); (G.S.); (W.W.); (S.S.); (E.B.); (A.H.M.); (T.K.); (T.S.C.); (S.M.); (D.D.); (R.U.)
| | - Eva Gehrig
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (M.L.); (E.G.); (S.W.); (N.G.); (A.M.); (F.B.); (C.H.-M.); (A.H.); (V.R.); (D.H.); (C.F.); (F.J.); (C.B.); (P.L.); (G.S.); (W.W.); (S.S.); (E.B.); (A.H.M.); (T.K.); (T.S.C.); (S.M.); (D.D.); (R.U.)
| | - Sören Weidemann
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (M.L.); (E.G.); (S.W.); (N.G.); (A.M.); (F.B.); (C.H.-M.); (A.H.); (V.R.); (D.H.); (C.F.); (F.J.); (C.B.); (P.L.); (G.S.); (W.W.); (S.S.); (E.B.); (A.H.M.); (T.K.); (T.S.C.); (S.M.); (D.D.); (R.U.)
| | - Natalia Gorbokon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (M.L.); (E.G.); (S.W.); (N.G.); (A.M.); (F.B.); (C.H.-M.); (A.H.); (V.R.); (D.H.); (C.F.); (F.J.); (C.B.); (P.L.); (G.S.); (W.W.); (S.S.); (E.B.); (A.H.M.); (T.K.); (T.S.C.); (S.M.); (D.D.); (R.U.)
| | - Anne Menz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (M.L.); (E.G.); (S.W.); (N.G.); (A.M.); (F.B.); (C.H.-M.); (A.H.); (V.R.); (D.H.); (C.F.); (F.J.); (C.B.); (P.L.); (G.S.); (W.W.); (S.S.); (E.B.); (A.H.M.); (T.K.); (T.S.C.); (S.M.); (D.D.); (R.U.)
| | - Franziska Büscheck
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (M.L.); (E.G.); (S.W.); (N.G.); (A.M.); (F.B.); (C.H.-M.); (A.H.); (V.R.); (D.H.); (C.F.); (F.J.); (C.B.); (P.L.); (G.S.); (W.W.); (S.S.); (E.B.); (A.H.M.); (T.K.); (T.S.C.); (S.M.); (D.D.); (R.U.)
| | - Claudia Hube-Magg
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (M.L.); (E.G.); (S.W.); (N.G.); (A.M.); (F.B.); (C.H.-M.); (A.H.); (V.R.); (D.H.); (C.F.); (F.J.); (C.B.); (P.L.); (G.S.); (W.W.); (S.S.); (E.B.); (A.H.M.); (T.K.); (T.S.C.); (S.M.); (D.D.); (R.U.)
| | - Andrea Hinsch
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (M.L.); (E.G.); (S.W.); (N.G.); (A.M.); (F.B.); (C.H.-M.); (A.H.); (V.R.); (D.H.); (C.F.); (F.J.); (C.B.); (P.L.); (G.S.); (W.W.); (S.S.); (E.B.); (A.H.M.); (T.K.); (T.S.C.); (S.M.); (D.D.); (R.U.)
| | - Viktor Reiswich
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (M.L.); (E.G.); (S.W.); (N.G.); (A.M.); (F.B.); (C.H.-M.); (A.H.); (V.R.); (D.H.); (C.F.); (F.J.); (C.B.); (P.L.); (G.S.); (W.W.); (S.S.); (E.B.); (A.H.M.); (T.K.); (T.S.C.); (S.M.); (D.D.); (R.U.)
| | - Doris Höflmayer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (M.L.); (E.G.); (S.W.); (N.G.); (A.M.); (F.B.); (C.H.-M.); (A.H.); (V.R.); (D.H.); (C.F.); (F.J.); (C.B.); (P.L.); (G.S.); (W.W.); (S.S.); (E.B.); (A.H.M.); (T.K.); (T.S.C.); (S.M.); (D.D.); (R.U.)
| | - Christoph Fraune
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (M.L.); (E.G.); (S.W.); (N.G.); (A.M.); (F.B.); (C.H.-M.); (A.H.); (V.R.); (D.H.); (C.F.); (F.J.); (C.B.); (P.L.); (G.S.); (W.W.); (S.S.); (E.B.); (A.H.M.); (T.K.); (T.S.C.); (S.M.); (D.D.); (R.U.)
| | - Frank Jacobsen
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (M.L.); (E.G.); (S.W.); (N.G.); (A.M.); (F.B.); (C.H.-M.); (A.H.); (V.R.); (D.H.); (C.F.); (F.J.); (C.B.); (P.L.); (G.S.); (W.W.); (S.S.); (E.B.); (A.H.M.); (T.K.); (T.S.C.); (S.M.); (D.D.); (R.U.)
| | - Christian Bernreuther
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (M.L.); (E.G.); (S.W.); (N.G.); (A.M.); (F.B.); (C.H.-M.); (A.H.); (V.R.); (D.H.); (C.F.); (F.J.); (C.B.); (P.L.); (G.S.); (W.W.); (S.S.); (E.B.); (A.H.M.); (T.K.); (T.S.C.); (S.M.); (D.D.); (R.U.)
| | - Patrick Lebok
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (M.L.); (E.G.); (S.W.); (N.G.); (A.M.); (F.B.); (C.H.-M.); (A.H.); (V.R.); (D.H.); (C.F.); (F.J.); (C.B.); (P.L.); (G.S.); (W.W.); (S.S.); (E.B.); (A.H.M.); (T.K.); (T.S.C.); (S.M.); (D.D.); (R.U.)
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (M.L.); (E.G.); (S.W.); (N.G.); (A.M.); (F.B.); (C.H.-M.); (A.H.); (V.R.); (D.H.); (C.F.); (F.J.); (C.B.); (P.L.); (G.S.); (W.W.); (S.S.); (E.B.); (A.H.M.); (T.K.); (T.S.C.); (S.M.); (D.D.); (R.U.)
| | - Waldemar Wilczak
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (M.L.); (E.G.); (S.W.); (N.G.); (A.M.); (F.B.); (C.H.-M.); (A.H.); (V.R.); (D.H.); (C.F.); (F.J.); (C.B.); (P.L.); (G.S.); (W.W.); (S.S.); (E.B.); (A.H.M.); (T.K.); (T.S.C.); (S.M.); (D.D.); (R.U.)
| | - Stefan Steurer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (M.L.); (E.G.); (S.W.); (N.G.); (A.M.); (F.B.); (C.H.-M.); (A.H.); (V.R.); (D.H.); (C.F.); (F.J.); (C.B.); (P.L.); (G.S.); (W.W.); (S.S.); (E.B.); (A.H.M.); (T.K.); (T.S.C.); (S.M.); (D.D.); (R.U.)
| | - Eike Burandt
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (M.L.); (E.G.); (S.W.); (N.G.); (A.M.); (F.B.); (C.H.-M.); (A.H.); (V.R.); (D.H.); (C.F.); (F.J.); (C.B.); (P.L.); (G.S.); (W.W.); (S.S.); (E.B.); (A.H.M.); (T.K.); (T.S.C.); (S.M.); (D.D.); (R.U.)
| | - Andreas H. Marx
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (M.L.); (E.G.); (S.W.); (N.G.); (A.M.); (F.B.); (C.H.-M.); (A.H.); (V.R.); (D.H.); (C.F.); (F.J.); (C.B.); (P.L.); (G.S.); (W.W.); (S.S.); (E.B.); (A.H.M.); (T.K.); (T.S.C.); (S.M.); (D.D.); (R.U.)
- Department of Pathology, Academic Hospital Fuerth, 90766 Fuerth, Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (M.L.); (E.G.); (S.W.); (N.G.); (A.M.); (F.B.); (C.H.-M.); (A.H.); (V.R.); (D.H.); (C.F.); (F.J.); (C.B.); (P.L.); (G.S.); (W.W.); (S.S.); (E.B.); (A.H.M.); (T.K.); (T.S.C.); (S.M.); (D.D.); (R.U.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-40-74105-7214
| | - Till Krech
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (M.L.); (E.G.); (S.W.); (N.G.); (A.M.); (F.B.); (C.H.-M.); (A.H.); (V.R.); (D.H.); (C.F.); (F.J.); (C.B.); (P.L.); (G.S.); (W.W.); (S.S.); (E.B.); (A.H.M.); (T.K.); (T.S.C.); (S.M.); (D.D.); (R.U.)
- Institute of Pathology, Clinical Center Osnabrueck, 49076 Osnabrueck, Germany
| | - Till S. Clauditz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (M.L.); (E.G.); (S.W.); (N.G.); (A.M.); (F.B.); (C.H.-M.); (A.H.); (V.R.); (D.H.); (C.F.); (F.J.); (C.B.); (P.L.); (G.S.); (W.W.); (S.S.); (E.B.); (A.H.M.); (T.K.); (T.S.C.); (S.M.); (D.D.); (R.U.)
| | - Sarah Minner
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (M.L.); (E.G.); (S.W.); (N.G.); (A.M.); (F.B.); (C.H.-M.); (A.H.); (V.R.); (D.H.); (C.F.); (F.J.); (C.B.); (P.L.); (G.S.); (W.W.); (S.S.); (E.B.); (A.H.M.); (T.K.); (T.S.C.); (S.M.); (D.D.); (R.U.)
| | - David Dum
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (M.L.); (E.G.); (S.W.); (N.G.); (A.M.); (F.B.); (C.H.-M.); (A.H.); (V.R.); (D.H.); (C.F.); (F.J.); (C.B.); (P.L.); (G.S.); (W.W.); (S.S.); (E.B.); (A.H.M.); (T.K.); (T.S.C.); (S.M.); (D.D.); (R.U.)
| | - Ria Uhlig
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (M.L.); (E.G.); (S.W.); (N.G.); (A.M.); (F.B.); (C.H.-M.); (A.H.); (V.R.); (D.H.); (C.F.); (F.J.); (C.B.); (P.L.); (G.S.); (W.W.); (S.S.); (E.B.); (A.H.M.); (T.K.); (T.S.C.); (S.M.); (D.D.); (R.U.)
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