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Mukherjee UA, Miller RE, Ledermann JA. Controversies and clinical unknowns in the use of PARP inhibitors in ovarian cancer. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2025; 17:17588359251343973. [PMID: 40529205 PMCID: PMC12171271 DOI: 10.1177/17588359251343973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2025] [Accepted: 05/06/2025] [Indexed: 06/20/2025] Open
Abstract
Poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) have significantly improved the treatment of advanced ovarian cancer, however, there are still many aspects of their use that require further understanding. The optimal duration, timing and dosage of these agents and how to manage (oligo) progression occurring both during and following PARPi therapy are discussed. The evidence supporting their rechallenge, and how to overcome resistance are addressed. The long-term impacts of PARPi and monitoring patients during therapy are all important research themes to expand on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma A. Mukherjee
- Cancer Research UK and UCL Cancer Trials Centre, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
- University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Rowan E. Miller
- University College London Hospital, London, UK
- St Bartholomew’s Hospital, London, UK
| | - Jonathan A. Ledermann
- Department of Oncology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, Paul O’Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK
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2
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Denisenko TV, Ivanova AE, Koval A, Silachev DN, Jia L, Sukhikh GT, Katanaev VL. Signalomics for molecular tumor boards and precision oncology of breast and gynecological cancers. Mol Syst Biol 2025:10.1038/s44320-025-00125-1. [PMID: 40490498 DOI: 10.1038/s44320-025-00125-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2025] [Revised: 05/08/2025] [Accepted: 05/20/2025] [Indexed: 06/11/2025] Open
Abstract
Precision oncology led to the establishment and widespread application of molecular tumor boards (MTBs)-multidisciplinary units combining molecular and clinical assessment of individual cancer cases for swift selection of personalized treatments. Whole-exome or gene panel sequencing, combined with transcriptomic, immunohistochemical, and other molecular analyses, often permits dissection of molecular drivers of a tumor and identification of its potential targetable vulnerabilities, instructing clinical oncologists on sometimes unconventional treatment options. However, cancer drivers are often unleashed mutation-independently, especially in breast and gynecological cancers, and deleterious mutations are not always pathogenic. To complement the MTB arsenal, we chart here the molecular toolset we call Signalomics that permits fast and robust assessment of a panel of oncogenic signaling pathways in fresh tumor samples. Using transcriptional reporters introduced in primary tumor cells, this approach identifies the pathways overactivated in a given tumor and validates their sensitivity to targeted therapies, providing actionable insights for personalized treatment strategies. Integration of Signalomics into MTB workflows bridges the gap between molecular profiling and functional pathway analysis, refining clinical treatment decisions and advancing precision oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana V Denisenko
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 4 Akademika Oparina Str., Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Anna E Ivanova
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 4 Akademika Oparina Str., Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Alexey Koval
- Translational Research Centre in Oncohaematology, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Denis N Silachev
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 4 Akademika Oparina Str., Moscow, 117997, Russia
- Translational Research Centre in Oncohaematology, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Functional Biochemistry of Biopolymers, A.N. Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, 119992, Moscow, Russia
| | - Lee Jia
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Gennadiy T Sukhikh
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 4 Akademika Oparina Str., Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Vladimir L Katanaev
- Translational Research Centre in Oncohaematology, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Translational Oncology Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, PO Box 34110, Doha, Qatar.
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3
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Zheng Z, Wang H, Yang H, Tang J, Cheng X, Zhang M, Ren Y, Chen X, Ju X, Xu L, Wu X. Efficacy of Maintenance Therapy With Adjuvant Chemotherapy of Three Steps in Patients Newly Diagnosed With Advanced Ovarian Cancer: A Phase II Randomised Clinical Trial. BJOG 2025; 132 Suppl 4:52-61. [PMID: 40292604 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.18178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2025] [Indexed: 04/30/2025]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of adjuvant chemotherapy of three steps (ACTS) in patients newly diagnosed with advanced ovarian cancer. DESIGN Randomised clinical trial. SETTING The study was conducted at a single centre. POPULATION Newly diagnosed patients with advanced ovarian cancer who showed a complete response to standard chemotherapy (paclitaxel plus carboplatin) were included in this study. METHODS In this open-label phase II trial, patients were randomised 1:1 to receive either ACTS therapy or no maintenance treatment. The ACTS group received step-2 chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide and etoposide (six cycles) and step-3 chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide and carboplatin (six cycles). Key endpoints were overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) and adverse events. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The main outcome measures were OS, PFS and adverse events. RESULTS Of the 130 enrolled patients, 65 were assigned to the ACTS group and 65 to the control group. The median OS in the ACTS group was 61.2 months, and patients in the ACTS group had a significantly longer PFS than those in the control group (22.2 vs. 9.73 months). The most common grade ≥ 3 adverse events were thrombocytopenia and neutropenia. No treatment-related deaths occurred during the study period. CONCLUSIONS The Maintenance ACTS Regimen Improved PFS but Not OS and Showed a Tolerable Safety Profile in Patients Newly Diagnosed With Advanced Ovarian cancer. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.org NCT02562365.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Zheng
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huayin Wang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huijuan Yang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Cheng
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meiqin Zhang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yulan Ren
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojun Chen
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinzhu Ju
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liya Xu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohua Wu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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4
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Shao Z, Wen Q, Chen X, Hong J, Yu W, Zhou H, Zhu Y, Zhu T. Clinical Practice of Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors for Maintenance Treatment of Platinum-Sensitive Recurrent Ovarian Cancer in China. BJOG 2025; 132 Suppl 4:13-19. [PMID: 40313193 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.18182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2025] [Indexed: 05/03/2025]
Abstract
Clinical trials of three poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, olaparib, niraparib and fuzuloparib, in platinum-sensitive recurrent ovarian cancer (PSR OC) in China showed that PARP inhibitors improved progression-free survival and achieved an all-comer indication in this population. We reviewed the efficacy and safety of these PARP inhibitors in patient populations studied in clinical trials and highlighted the positive role of PARP inhibitors in improving patient outcomes using clinical trials and real-world studies conducted in China. This article also discusses the issues encountered in clinical practice and how to evaluate the different indications for PSR OC in China and abroad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuyan Shao
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Wen
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, China
| | - Junjie Hong
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen Yu
- Department of Gynecology, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Haifei Zhou
- Clinical Oncology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuyang Zhu
- Clinical Oncology, School of The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, China
- Clinical Oncology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Monk BJ, Lorusso D, Fujiwara K, Sehouli J. Optimal bevacizumab treatment strategy in advanced ovarian cancer: A review. Cancer Treat Rev 2025; 137:102945. [PMID: 40349571 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2025.102945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2025] [Revised: 04/17/2025] [Accepted: 04/18/2025] [Indexed: 05/14/2025]
Abstract
Bevacizumab was the first targeted therapy developed for newly diagnosed and recurrent advanced ovarian cancer (AOC). Although bevacizumab has been approved for the treatment of AOC for several years, identifying patients who may benefit most from this treatment is still debated. Bevacizumab has been associated with improved progression-free survival (PFS) regardless of clinical risk, but in some countries the use of bevacizumab in the treatment of newly diagnosed AOC has been restricted to higher-risk patients (stage III inoperable or suboptimally debulked disease, or stage IV disease); this is primarily due to the findings of exploratory subgroup analyses from phase III trials that suggest only higher-risk patients derive an overall survival (OS) advantage with bevacizumab. Recently reported post hoc analyses from the PAOLA-1 trial of maintenance olaparib plus bevacizumab versus bevacizumab alone for patients with newly diagnosed AOC and homologous recombination deficiency-positive tumors suggested PFS and OS benefit was achieved in both lower-risk (with stage III disease who had undergone upfront surgery and had complete resection) and higher-risk (with stage III disease who had undergone upfront surgery and had residual disease or who had received neoadjuvant chemotherapy, or with stage IV disease) patients, prompting reassessment of the role of bevacizumab in lower-risk patients. This review examines the role of bevacizumab in the AOC treatment pathway by discussing its efficacy and safety in the first-line, maintenance and recurrent settings, and evaluates the clinical implications of bevacizumab use across risk groups and lines of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley J Monk
- GOG Foundation, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Florida Cancer Specialists and Research Institute, West Palm Beach, FL, USA.
| | - Domenica Lorusso
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, Humanitas San Pio X, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Keiichi Fujiwara
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Jalid Sehouli
- Department of Gynecology with Center for Oncological Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, and North-Eastern German Society of Gynecological Oncology (NOGGO) - Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynäkologische Onkologie (AGO), Germany
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6
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Lara Gutierrez A, Halbwedl I, Sauer S, Regitnig P, Petru E, Seeböck R, Schubert S, Peternell C, Bodó K, Prein K, Kashofer K. Robust Assessment of Homologous Recombination Deficiency Genomic Instability by OncoScan Microarrays. J Mol Diagn 2025; 27:475-484. [PMID: 40188947 PMCID: PMC12163384 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2025.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 01/08/2025] [Accepted: 02/28/2025] [Indexed: 04/13/2025] Open
Abstract
Genomic instability scars are markers for detecting homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) status in patients with ovarian cancer and predicting the response to poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor treatment. Currently, only a few reliable and validated assays are available, with the Myriad myChoice CDx being the most commonly used commercial assay for genomic instability scar score determination. Given the need for a more straightforward, accessible, and reliable method for detecting genomic instability scars methods, in this work, we describe the feasibility of using the microarray OncoScan copy number variant assay and open-source software packages to quantify genomic instability scores, and the development of an open-access online platform for genomic instability score calculation. The laboratory-developed test accurately classified homologous recombination-proficient and recombination-deficient samples based on genomic instability scores derived from the OncoScan copy number variant assay. Internally evaluated genomic instability scores demonstrated a 92% overall agreement and a higher sample success rate compared with externally analyzed genomic instability scar scores. The availability of HRD determination has doubled the number of patients eligible for poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase therapy. The assay can be conveniently performed on individual samples, and the open-access online platform facilitates HRD determination without the need for specialized bioinformatics support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadna Lara Gutierrez
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Iris Halbwedl
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Stefan Sauer
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Regitnig
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Edgar Petru
- Division of Gynaecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Rita Seeböck
- Institute of Clinical Pathology and Molecular Pathology of the Lower Austria Central Region (University Hospital St. Pölten), Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria
| | - Susanne Schubert
- Division of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital St. Pölten, St. Pölten, Austria; Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria
| | - Cornelia Peternell
- Division of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Hospital Hochsteiermark, Leoben, Austria
| | - Koppány Bodó
- Institute of Pathology, Hospital Hochsteiermark, Leoben, Austria
| | - Kurt Prein
- Institute of Pathology, Hospital Hochsteiermark, Leoben, Austria
| | - Karl Kashofer
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
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7
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Xie L, Lin S, Liu Y, Ling X, Lin Z. The Forefront of Maintenance Therapy for Newly Diagnosed Advanced Ovarian Cancer in China: A Review of Updated Evidence With PARP Inhibitors. BJOG 2025; 132 Suppl 4:5-12. [PMID: 40259471 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.18180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2025] [Indexed: 04/23/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the first-line (1L) maintenance treatment of newly diagnosed advanced ovarian cancer (OC), poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) have demonstrated significant benefits in progression-free survival (PFS) and an encouraging trend in overall survival (OS). OBJECTIVES To provide a summary of advances and evidence regarding the use of PARPi in the maintenance treatment of newly diagnosed advanced OC in the Chinese population. SEARCH STRATEGY Systematic search of PubMed from January 2016 to June 2024. SELECTION CRITERIA Phase III randomized trials and real-world studies conducted in China were included. MAIN RESULTS PARPi 1L maintenance studies conducted in China have shown that PARPi can prolong PFS in OC patients with manageable safety. Chinese patients differ from foreign patients in baseline characteristics and safety data. Given the current situation of 1L maintenance therapy in China, recommendations are made for maintenance strategies based on different biomarker status. CONCLUSIONS PARPi 1L maintenance therapy offers survival benefit to Chinese patients with newly diagnosed advanced OC. OC has become a chronic disease that requires the selection of appropriate maintenance regimens based on multiple factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Xie
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaodan Lin
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunyun Liu
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoting Ling
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongqiu Lin
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Moore KN, Liu JF, Lorusso D. State of the Art: Therapies Now and Around the Corner for Gynecologic Cancers. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2025; 45:e473114. [PMID: 40489723 DOI: 10.1200/edbk-25-473114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2025]
Abstract
Therapeutic advances across the gynecologic cancer continuum have resulted in improvements in patient care and outcomes over the past decade, yet challenges remain. In ovarian cancer, the evolution of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor therapy has resulted in marked benefit for patients with BRCA-mutated cancers but has also unmasked the need for new therapies in patients whose cancers are proficient in homologous recombination and lack vulnerability to PARP inhibitors, as well as for those patients whose cancers progress on PARP inhibitors. In endometrial cancer, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have improved outcomes for patients receiving first-line therapy for advanced or recurrent disease when combined with standard-of-care chemotherapy. However, there remains uncertainty around which patients are most likely to benefit from the addition of immunotherapy, and treatment beyond first-line therapy remains an area of high unmet need. Similarly, ICIs added to chemotherapy for recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer or to chemoradiation for high-risk locally advanced cervical cancers has resulted in improved outcomes, but treatment options beyond this remain limited. Across gynecologic cancers, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) hold the promise for further improvement in patient outcomes. A prime example is the demonstrated benefit of mirvetuximab soravtansine over other standard chemotherapy options in folate receptor alpha-high platinum-resistant ovarian cancer. Maximizing such potential will require developing a deeper understanding of relationships between ADC target expression and activity, mechanisms of resistance, and potential approaches to sequencing. Beyond ADCs, additional therapies, including those targeting DNA damage response, remain in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen N Moore
- Stephenson Cancer Center at OU Health, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK
| | | | - Domenica Lorusso
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
- Humanitas San Pio X, Milan, Italy
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9
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Endo Y, Takagawa Y, Yoshimoto Y, Machida M, Dai Y, Azami Y, Seto I, Takayama K, Suzuki M, Nakasato T, Kikuchi Y, Kato T, Yamaguchi A, Soeda S, Fujimori K, Murakami M. Proton beam therapy achieves excellent local control for recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer: a single-center retrospective study. J Ovarian Res 2025; 18:110. [PMID: 40426272 PMCID: PMC12108022 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-025-01695-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2025] [Indexed: 05/29/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have demonstrated the benefit of radiation therapy for patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer; however, the effects of proton beam therapy in these patients remain unelucidated. This study aimed to evaluate the use of proton beam therapy in recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer and to identify factors predictive of local control. RESULTS This retrospective study included 13 patients with a total of 30 lesions who underwent proton beam therapy for recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer at our institution between October 2008 and March 2021. The median age of the patients at the initial proton beam therapy was 62 (range, 42-82) years. Eight patients had stage III or IV disease, and seven had serous carcinoma; ten patients exhibited platinum resistance. The irradiated sites included 16 lymph nodes and 9 pelvic or abdominal masses. The median tumor size and maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG-PET/CT) were 25 (range, 9-83) mm and 12.6 (range, 3.9-25.1), respectively. The median total dose was 65 (range, 45-72) Gy (relative biological effectiveness). The 1- and 2-year local control were 91.5% and 71.3%, respectively. The SUVmax of 18F-FDG-PET/CT was a significant predictor of local control (cutoff value, 17.7). The median progressing-free and overall survival after proton beam therapy initiation were 9.6 and 21.5 months, respectively. No grade 3 or higher proton beam therapy-induced adverse events were observed. CONCLUSION Proton beam therapy demonstrated excellent local control of recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer, with tolerable toxicity, suggesting that this modality may represent a promising treatment option. The SUVmax of 18F-FDG-PET/CT performed prior to proton beam therapy may serve as a predictor of local control. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Endo
- Department of Gynecology, Southern TOHOKU General Hospital, 7-115 Yatsuyamada, Koriyama, 963-8565, Fukushima, Japan.
- Department of Regional Gynecologic Oncology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.
| | - Yoshiaki Takagawa
- Southern TOHOKU Proton Therapy Center, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Southern TOHOKU General Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Minimally Invasive Surgical and Medical Oncology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yuki Yoshimoto
- Department of Gynecology, Southern TOHOKU General Hospital, 7-115 Yatsuyamada, Koriyama, 963-8565, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Masanori Machida
- Southern TOHOKU Proton Therapy Center, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Southern TOHOKU General Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yuntao Dai
- Southern TOHOKU Proton Therapy Center, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Southern TOHOKU General Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yusuke Azami
- Southern TOHOKU Proton Therapy Center, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Southern TOHOKU General Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Ichiro Seto
- Southern TOHOKU Proton Therapy Center, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Southern TOHOKU General Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kanako Takayama
- Southern TOHOKU Proton Therapy Center, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Southern TOHOKU General Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Motohisa Suzuki
- Southern TOHOKU Proton Therapy Center, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Southern TOHOKU General Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Nakasato
- Southern TOHOKU Proton Therapy Center, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Southern TOHOKU General Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kikuchi
- Southern TOHOKU Proton Therapy Center, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Southern TOHOKU General Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kato
- Southern TOHOKU Proton Therapy Center, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Southern TOHOKU General Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Radiological Science, School of Health Science, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Akiko Yamaguchi
- Department of Regional Gynecologic Oncology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Shu Soeda
- Department of Regional Gynecologic Oncology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Keiya Fujimori
- Department of Regional Gynecologic Oncology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Masao Murakami
- Southern TOHOKU Proton Therapy Center, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Southern TOHOKU General Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
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10
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Marconato N, Tommasi OD, Paladin D, Boscarino D, Spagnol G, Saccardi C, Maggino T, Tozzi R, Noventa M, Marchetti M. Unraveling Homologous Recombination Deficiency in Ovarian Cancer: A Review of Currently Available Testing Platforms. Cancers (Basel) 2025; 17:1771. [PMID: 40507252 PMCID: PMC12153926 DOI: 10.3390/cancers17111771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2025] [Revised: 05/22/2025] [Accepted: 05/23/2025] [Indexed: 06/16/2025] Open
Abstract
Homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) is a key biomarker associated with increased sensitivity to PARP inhibitors (PARPi) in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer. Accurate identification of HRD status is essential for selecting patients most likely to benefit from these therapies. Current diagnostic approaches combine sequencing to detect mutations in homologous recombination repair genes-particularly BRCA1 and BRCA2-with genome-wide analysis of structural genomic alterations indicative of HRD. This review briefly outlines the biological basis of HRD and its clinical significance and then focuses on currently available assays for HRD assessment. We compare their molecular strategies, including the use of targeted gene panels and genomic instability metrics such as loss of heterozygosity, telomeric allelic imbalance, and large-scale state transitions. The review also highlights the strengths and limitations of each platform and discusses their role in guiding clinical decision-making. Challenges related to dynamic tumor evolution and the interpretation of HRD status in recurrent disease settings are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Marconato
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy;
| | - Orazio De Tommasi
- Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Women and Children’s Health, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Dino Paladin
- AB ANALITICA S.r.l., Via Svizzera, 16, 35127 Padova, Italy; (D.P.); (D.B.)
| | - Diego Boscarino
- AB ANALITICA S.r.l., Via Svizzera, 16, 35127 Padova, Italy; (D.P.); (D.B.)
| | - Giulia Spagnol
- Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Women and Children’s Health, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Carlo Saccardi
- Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Women and Children’s Health, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Tiziano Maggino
- Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Women and Children’s Health, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Roberto Tozzi
- Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Women and Children’s Health, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Marco Noventa
- Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Women and Children’s Health, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Matteo Marchetti
- Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Women and Children’s Health, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy
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11
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Amer H, Flanagan KL, Kampan NC, Itsiopoulos C, Scott CL, Kartikasari AER, Plebanski M. Interleukin-6 Is a Crucial Factor in Shaping the Inflammatory Tumor Microenvironment in Ovarian Cancer and Determining Its Hot or Cold Nature with Diagnostic and Prognostic Utilities. Cancers (Basel) 2025; 17:1691. [PMID: 40427188 PMCID: PMC12109964 DOI: 10.3390/cancers17101691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2025] [Revised: 05/05/2025] [Accepted: 05/09/2025] [Indexed: 05/29/2025] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women, often diagnosed at advanced stages due to the lack of effective early diagnostic procedures. To reduce the high mortality rates in OC, reliable biomarkers are urgently needed, especially to detect OC at its earliest stage, predict specific drug responses, and monitor patients. The cytokine interleukin-6 (IL6) is associated with low survival rates, treatment resistance, and recurrence. In this review, we summarize the role of IL6 in inflammation and how IL6 contributes to ovarian tumorigenesis within the tumor microenvironment, influencing whether the tumor is subsequently classified as "hot" or "cold". We further dissect the molecular and cellular mechanisms through which IL6 production and downstream signaling are regulated, to enhance our understanding of its involvement in OC development, as well as OC resistance to treatment. We highlight the potential of IL6 to be used as a reliable diagnostic biomarker to help detect OC at its earliest stage, and as a part of predictive and prognostic signatures to improve OC management. We further discuss ways to leverage artificial intelligence and machine learning to integrate IL6 into diverse biomarker-based strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hina Amer
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3082, Australia
| | - Katie L. Flanagan
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3082, Australia
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia
- Tasmanian Vaccine Trial Centre, Clifford Craig Foundation, Launceston General Hospital, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia
| | - Nirmala C. Kampan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Catherine Itsiopoulos
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3082, Australia
| | - Clare L. Scott
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- The Royal Women’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | | | - Magdalena Plebanski
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3082, Australia
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12
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Feng H, Zhao LY, Xu Z, Xie QF, Deng HJ, Yu J, Liu H. Homologous recombination deficiency and immunotherapy response in microsatellite-stable colorectal cancer: Evidence from a cohort study in China. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2025; 17:102767. [DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v17.i5.102767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2025] [Accepted: 03/07/2025] [Indexed: 05/15/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) exhibiting microsatellite instability (MSI)-high generally demonstrate a favorable response to immunotherapy. In contrast, the efficacy of immunotherapy in microsatellite-stable (MSS) CRC patients is considerably restricted. This study sought to evaluate the effectiveness of immunotherapy in MSS patients characterized by homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) as opposed to those with homologous recombination proficiency (HRP).
AIM To investigate and compare the clinicopathological characteristics, treatment modalities, and outcomes between the HRD and HRP groups in CRC.
METHODS Next-generation sequencing was performed on 268 CRC patients to identify tumor-associated genetic alterations and assess their HRD scores and MSI status. Patients with HRD-related gene alterations or an HRD score ≥ 30 were classified into the HRD group, while the remaining patients were assigned to the HRP group. Clinical data, including staging and treatment regimens, were collected for analysis. Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier survival curves were employed to evaluate whether the HRD group demonstrated improved survival outcomes following immunotherapy treatment.
RESULTS Among the 268 patients, 64 were classified into the HRD group, which had a higher proportion of early-stage CRC diagnoses compared to the HRP group. Kaplan-Meier survival curves indicated significantly better survival rates in the HRD group compared to the HRP group across all cohorts, as well as among MSS patients treated with immunotherapy (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that CRC patients with HRD have a more favorable prognosis and suggests that HRD status could serve as a predictive marker for immunotherapy response in MSS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Li-Ying Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhou Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qing-Feng Xie
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hai-Jun Deng
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jiang Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
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13
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Evans E, Dholakia J, Abraham J, Hinton A, Zhang J, Xiu J, Maney T, Oberley M, Thacker P, Herzog TJ, Spetzler D, Arend RC. Whole-exome sequencing provides assessment of homologous recombination deficiency for identification of PARPi-responsive ovarian tumors. Gynecol Oncol 2025; 197:139-145. [PMID: 40344964 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2025.04.586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2025] [Revised: 04/17/2025] [Accepted: 04/24/2025] [Indexed: 05/11/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Homologous recombination repair deficiency (HRD) is frequently detected in gynecological cancers and is associated with sensitivity to poly-ADP ribose polymerase inhibition (PARPi). BRCA1/2 mutations have been approved as biomarkers for PARPi therapy, along with genomic patterns such as genomic loss of heterozygosity (gLOH) and large-scale transitions (LSTs). Clinical applications of various HRD assays are still under investigation. Here we validate the performance of a novel HRD assay based on whole-exome sequencing (WES). METHODS WES was used to evaluate gLOH, LST, and BRCA mutations and this data was compared to standard assays. An optimized genomic scar score (GSS) was based on combined gLOH and LST. A comprehensive HRD score was then developed, combining GSS and BRCA status. Survival data from 1661 PARPi-treated ovarian cancer patients was queried to optimize GSS and HRD scores associated with PARPi response. RESULTS A comparison of WES results to the OncoScan CNV assay and Myriad MyChoice assay showed high concordance for LOH values and GSS values, respectively. Median overall survival in PARPi-treated patients was 50.8 months for GSS-high, BRCA1/2-mut, 42.7 months for GSS-high, BRCA1/2-WT, and 36.6 months for GSS-low, BRCA1/2-WT patients with significant differences between each group. Combining the BRCA1/2-mut and WT GSS-high groups resulted in a median OS value of 47.8 months, significantly higher than the GSS-low BRCA1/2-WT group. CONCLUSIONS The use of a WES assay to assess BRCA results, along with a GSS method incorporating gLOH and LST, produced a HRD test that is predictive for PARPi therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Evans
- Mercy Hospital Coletta Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Premal Thacker
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Thomas J Herzog
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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14
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Apelian S, Martincuks A, Whittum M, Yasukawa M, Nguy L, Mathyk B, Andikyan V, Anderson ML, Rutherford T, Cristea M, Stewart D, Kohut A. PARP Inhibitors in Ovarian Cancer: Resistance Mechanisms, Clinical Evidence, and Evolving Strategies. Biomedicines 2025; 13:1126. [PMID: 40426953 PMCID: PMC12108591 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines13051126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2025] [Revised: 04/24/2025] [Accepted: 04/29/2025] [Indexed: 05/29/2025] Open
Abstract
The introduction of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) into the management of ovarian cancer has transformed the treatment landscape for patients affected by this malignancy. However, as the use of PARPi expands into both frontline maintenance and recurrence settings, the emergence of drug resistance has become a significant clinical challenge in the treatment of these patients. Although platinum-based chemotherapy (PBC) and PARPi act through different mechanisms-PBC causes DNA damage while PARPi blocks its repair-both depend on the integrity of DNA damage repair (DDR) pathways, leading to overlapping mechanisms of resistance. Here, we review the key resistance mechanisms shared by PARPi and PBC, and then we discuss their clinical implications in the management of patients with ovarian cancer. We also examine clinical rationale supporting the hypothesis that prior PARPi exposure may reduce the efficacy of subsequent PBC in patients experiencing a disease recurrence. Furthermore, we review preliminary clinical data assessing the potential role of PARPi retreatment in patients who have previously progressed on PARPis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shant Apelian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA; (M.W.); (M.Y.); (L.N.); (B.M.); (V.A.); (M.L.A.); (T.R.); (A.K.)
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Tampa General Hospital Cancer Institute, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Antons Martincuks
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, City of Hope National Medicinal Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA;
| | - Michelle Whittum
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA; (M.W.); (M.Y.); (L.N.); (B.M.); (V.A.); (M.L.A.); (T.R.); (A.K.)
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Tampa General Hospital Cancer Institute, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Maya Yasukawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA; (M.W.); (M.Y.); (L.N.); (B.M.); (V.A.); (M.L.A.); (T.R.); (A.K.)
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Tampa General Hospital Cancer Institute, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Lindsey Nguy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA; (M.W.); (M.Y.); (L.N.); (B.M.); (V.A.); (M.L.A.); (T.R.); (A.K.)
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Tampa General Hospital Cancer Institute, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Begum Mathyk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA; (M.W.); (M.Y.); (L.N.); (B.M.); (V.A.); (M.L.A.); (T.R.); (A.K.)
| | - Vaagn Andikyan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA; (M.W.); (M.Y.); (L.N.); (B.M.); (V.A.); (M.L.A.); (T.R.); (A.K.)
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Tampa General Hospital Cancer Institute, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Matthew L. Anderson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA; (M.W.); (M.Y.); (L.N.); (B.M.); (V.A.); (M.L.A.); (T.R.); (A.K.)
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Tampa General Hospital Cancer Institute, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Thomas Rutherford
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA; (M.W.); (M.Y.); (L.N.); (B.M.); (V.A.); (M.L.A.); (T.R.); (A.K.)
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Tampa General Hospital Cancer Institute, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | | | - Daphne Stewart
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center and Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA;
| | - Adrian Kohut
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA; (M.W.); (M.Y.); (L.N.); (B.M.); (V.A.); (M.L.A.); (T.R.); (A.K.)
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Tampa General Hospital Cancer Institute, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
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15
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Coleman RL, Segunmaru Z, Szamreta EA, Krupsky K, Beusterien K, Cambron-Mellott MJ, Barry MF, Kashine N, Mulvihill E, Simmons D. Oncologist perceptions of "cure" and long-term management in advanced ovarian cancer in the United States: results from a cross-sectional survey. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2025; 35:101919. [PMID: 40398290 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgc.2025.101919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2025] [Revised: 04/21/2025] [Accepted: 04/27/2025] [Indexed: 05/23/2025] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Treatment advancements have improved survival outcomes for patients with advanced ovarian cancer. In advanced ovarian cancer, some physicians believe discussing "cure" as a potential treatment goal may be premature. In contrast, others note that the durable responses observed among some patients may suggest that long-term remission or "cure" are legitimate outcomes to strive for. Despite this, the term 'cure' has no accepted definition in this setting, and whether physicians are willing to use this language is unknown. METHODS A cross-sectional, internet-based survey was conducted to evaluate United States oncologists' attitudes and beliefs related to "cure" in the context of treating patients with newly diagnosed advanced ovarian cancer. The survey included questions on attitudes and beliefs toward patient prognosis with newly diagnosed advanced ovarian cancer, oncologists' perceptions of clinical outcomes, oncologist characteristics, and clinical practice details. RESULTS Among 150 oncologists, when addressing the topic of disease prognosis or treatment goals in patients newly diagnosed with stage III-IV ovarian cancer, the terms endorsed by more than half of oncologists were "achieve long-term remission" and "achieve long-term response." Terms including "cure" or "curable" were endorsed by less than 35% of oncologists. Among several patient characteristics evaluated, no evidence of disease for 5 to 10 years was most indicative of cure. In the context of primary disease, the proportion of oncologists who would tell a patient with advanced ovarian cancer they were cured, even if they believe it to be true, decreased with the stage (II = 73.8%; III = 60.8%; IV = 50.5%). CONCLUSIONS The current study found that while oncologists may believe a cure is possible across early stages of ovarian cancer, many remain hesitant to discuss the potential of "cure" with patients, particularly those with stage IV disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Coleman
- US Oncology Network, Texas Oncology, Gynecologic Oncology, The Woodlands, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nicole Kashine
- Oracle Life Sciences, Real World Evidence, Austin, TX, USA
| | | | - Daniel Simmons
- AstraZeneca, Oncology Outcomes Research, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
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16
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Ethier JL, Shephard C, Granados DP, Dutta N, Qadeer R, Ahmad S, Kasireddy E, Pourrahmat MM, Fazeli MS. Comparative efficacy and safety of low-dose versus high-dose bevacizumab in ovarian cancer: An indirect treatment comparison. Gynecol Oncol 2025; 196:1-9. [PMID: 40132433 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2025.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2025] [Accepted: 03/12/2025] [Indexed: 03/27/2025]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE First-line therapy for ovarian cancer involves cytoreductive surgery and platinum-based chemotherapy, with or without bevacizumab. Bevacizumab can be administered at low (7.5 mg/kg every three weeks [Q3W]) or high dose (15 mg/kg Q3W). This study compared the efficacy and safety of these dosing strategies. METHODS Systematic literature review of Embase, MEDLINE®, and CENTRAL (18/09/2023) identified randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating bevacizumab versus any therapy or control in ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer. Indirect treatment comparisons (ITC) of response, survival, and safety outcomes were performed, including sensitivity/subgroup analyses adjusting for heterogeneity. RESULTS Six RCTs (sample size: 24-1528 patients) were included for ITC. Five evaluated high-dose bevacizumab with chemotherapy. The common comparator was carboplatin + paclitaxel. Trials mainly included stage III (n = 4) or stage II-III (n = 1) ovarian cancer patients; one did not report cancer stage. Primary analyses showed no significant differences between low- versus high-dose bevacizumab for partial response (risk ratio [95 % confidence interval]: 0.66 [0.42, 1.02]), complete response (1.76 [0.76, 4.11]), objective response rate (1.01 [0.63, 1.61]), progressive disease (1.08 [0.38, 3.10]), clinical benefit (0.89 [0.76, 1.03]), any grade ≥ 3 adverse event (1.53 [0.96, 2.44]), specific grade ≥ 3 adverse events, overall survival (hazard ratio: 0.93 [0.77, 1.13]), or progression-free survival (1.02 [0.86, 1.22]). Sensitivity and subgroup analyses confirmed findings. CONCLUSIONS This ITC found no significant difference in clinical outcomes between low- and high-dose bevacizumab combination therapy. Despite limitations of small sample size and heterogeneities, findings suggest that bevacizumab dose may not significantly impact ovarian cancer outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josée-Lyne Ethier
- Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cal Shephard
- AstraZeneca Canada, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada.
| | | | | | - Rana Qadeer
- AstraZeneca Canada, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Saima Ahmad
- AstraZeneca Canada, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ellen Kasireddy
- Evidinno Outcomes Research Inc., Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Mir Sohail Fazeli
- Evidinno Outcomes Research Inc., Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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17
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Pignata S, Oza A, Hall G, Pardo B, Madry R, Cibula D, Klat J, Montes A, Glasspool R, Colombo N, Pete I, Herrero Ibáñez A, Romeo M, Ilieva R, Timcheva C, Di Maio M, Bashir Z, Taylor R, Barnicle A, Clamp A. Overall survival with maintenance olaparib in platinum-sensitive relapsed ovarian cancer by somatic or germline BRCA and homologous recombination repair mutation status. Br J Cancer 2025; 132:725-732. [PMID: 40097725 PMCID: PMC11997082 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-025-02966-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2024] [Revised: 01/27/2025] [Accepted: 02/19/2025] [Indexed: 03/19/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The open-label, single-arm, multicentre ORZORA trial (NCT02476968) evaluated maintenance olaparib in patients with platinum-sensitive relapsed ovarian cancer (PSR OC) with a germline (g) or somatic (s) BRCA1 and/or BRCA2 mutation (BRCAm) or a non-BRCA homologous recombination repair mutation (non-BRCA HRRm). METHODS Patients were in response to platinum-based chemotherapy after ≥2 prior lines of treatment and underwent prospective central screening for tumour BRCA status, then central gBRCAm testing to determine sBRCAm or gBRCAm status. An exploratory cohort evaluated non-BRCA HRRm in 13 predefined genes. Patients received olaparib 400 mg (capsules) twice daily until investigator-assessed disease progression. Secondary endpoints included overall survival (OS) and safety. RESULTS 177 patients received olaparib. At the final data cutoff (25 June 2021), median OS from study enrolment was 46.8 (95% confidence interval [CI] 37.9-54.4), 43.2 (31.7-NC [not calculated]), 47.4 (37.9-NC) and 44.9 (28.9-NC) months in the BRCAm, sBRCAm, gBRCAm and non-BRCA HRRm cohorts, respectively. No new safety signals were identified. CONCLUSION Maintenance olaparib showed consistent clinical activity in the BRCAm and sBRCAm cohorts; exploratory analysis suggested similar activity in the non-BRCA HRRm cohort. These findings highlight that patients with PSR OC, beyond those with gBRCAm, may benefit from maintenance olaparib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Pignata
- Department of Urology and Gynecology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G Pascale', IRCCS, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Amit Oza
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Geoff Hall
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Beatriz Pardo
- Department of Medical Oncology, ICO l'Hospitalet - Hospital Duran i Reynals, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Radoslaw Madry
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Medical University Karol Marcinkowski, Poznań, Poland
| | - David Cibula
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Klat
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Ostrava, and University of Ostrava, Ostrava Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Ana Montes
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Rosalind Glasspool
- Medical Oncology Department, Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre and University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Nicoletta Colombo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca and European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Imre Pete
- Department of Gynecology, National Institute of Cancer, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ana Herrero Ibáñez
- Servico de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Margarita Romeo
- Medical Oncology Department, ICO Badalona - Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Rumyana Ilieva
- Medical Oncology Clinic, MHAT "Central Onco Hospital", OOD, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Constanta Timcheva
- Medical Oncology Clinic, MHAT for Women's Health - Nadezhda, OOD, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Massimo Di Maio
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, at Mauriziano Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Zahid Bashir
- Global Medical Affairs, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rosie Taylor
- GMA Payer Biometrics, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alan Barnicle
- Translational Medicine, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew Clamp
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust and University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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18
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Said SA, IntHout J, Koffijberg H, de Hullu JA, Hyde SE, van der Aa MA, van Altena AM. External validation of prediction models for early relapse in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer using Australian and Dutch population-based data. Cancer Epidemiol 2025; 97:102824. [PMID: 40315577 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2025.102824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2025] [Accepted: 04/11/2025] [Indexed: 05/04/2025]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To externally validate the published postoperative and BRCA models predictive of early relapse in patients with advanced-stage epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) using independent Australian and Dutch cohorts. METHODS Advanced-stage EOC patients diagnosed between January 1, 2002, and June 1, 2006, in Australia, and between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2017, in the Netherlands were included. Data from patients who underwent cytoreductive surgery and platinum-based chemotherapy were used to validate both models. Missing data were addressed through multiple imputation. Model updates included recalibration-in-the-large, recalibration, and model revision, with a closed testing procedure to identify the most suitable approach. Model performance was assessed for calibration, discrimination, and the Brier score. RESULTS The Australian cohort (N = 1334) included 457 early relapsers and 859 late or non-relapsers, showing baseline differences compared to the development cohort. Discrimination was adequate for both the postoperative and BRCA models (c-statistics: 0.69 and 0.70, respectively). The postoperative model required full revision, while recalibration-in-the-large was sufficient for the BRCA model in the Australian cohort. The Dutch cohort (N = 1212) included 283 early relapsers and 929 late or non-relapsers, with baseline characteristics similar to those of the development cohort. Both models demonstrated adequate discrimination (c-statistics: 0.71 and 0.70, respectively). Recalibration-in-the-large corrected miscalibration in the Dutch cohort. CONCLUSION The postoperative and BRCA model were successfully validated for predicting early relapse in advanced-stage EOC patients, confirming their robustness. However, local data updates are advised to enhance accuracy across clinical settings. Online calculators were built for clinical use (Link 1; Link 2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherin A Said
- Department of Research and Development, Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organization (IKNL), Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Joanna IntHout
- IQ Health Science Department, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525 GA, the Netherlands
| | - Hendrik Koffijberg
- Department of Health Technology and Services Research, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Joanne A de Hullu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Simon E Hyde
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Mercy Hospital for Women, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - Maaike A van der Aa
- Department of Research and Development, Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organization (IKNL), Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Anne M van Altena
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Habaka M, Daly GR, Shinyanbola D, Alabdulrahman M, McGrath J, Dowling GP, Hehir C, Huang HYR, Hill ADK, Varešlija D, Young LS. PARP Inhibitors in the Neoadjuvant Setting; A Comprehensive Overview of the Rationale for their Use, Past and Ongoing Clinical Trials. Curr Oncol Rep 2025; 27:533-551. [PMID: 40192976 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-025-01669-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2025] [Indexed: 05/16/2025]
Abstract
PURPOSEOF REVIEW Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) are enzymes essential for detecting and repairing DNA damage through poly-ADP-ribosylation. In cancer, cells with deficiencies in homologous recombination repair mechanisms often become more dependent on PARP-mediated repair mechanisms to effectively repair dsDNA breaks. As such, PARP inhibitors (PARPis) were introduced into clinical practice, serving as a key targeted therapy option through synthetic lethality in the treatment of cancers with homologous recombination repair deficiency (HRD). Though PARPis are currently approved in the adjuvant setting for several cancer types such as ovarian, breast, prostate and pancreatic cancer, their potential role in the neoadjuvant setting remains under investigation. This review outlines the rationale for using PARPi in the neoadjuvant setting and evaluates findings from early and ongoing clinical trials. RECENT FINDINGS Our analysis indicates that numerous studies have explored PARPi as a neoadjuvant treatment for HRD-related cancers. The majority of neoadjuvant PARPi trials have been performed in breast and ovarian cancer, while phase II/III evidence supporting efficacy in prostate and pancreatic cancers remains limited. Studies are investigating PARPi in the neoadjuvant setting of HRD-related cancers. Future research should prioritize combination strategies with immune checkpoint inhibitors and expand outcome measures to include patient satisfaction and quality-of-life metrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minatoullah Habaka
- Department of Surgery, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Gordon R Daly
- Department of Surgery, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Surgery, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Deborah Shinyanbola
- Department of Surgery, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Jason McGrath
- Department of Surgery, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gavin P Dowling
- Department of Surgery, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Surgery, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cian Hehir
- Department of Surgery, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Surgery, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Helen Ye Rim Huang
- Department of Surgery, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Arnold D K Hill
- Department of Surgery, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Surgery, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Beaumont RCSI Cancer Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Damir Varešlija
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
- Beaumont RCSI Cancer Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Leonie S Young
- Department of Surgery, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
- Beaumont RCSI Cancer Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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20
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Kulkarni S, Seneviratne N, Tosun Ç, Madhusudan S. PARP inhibitors in ovarian cancer: Mechanisms of resistance and implications to therapy. DNA Repair (Amst) 2025; 149:103830. [PMID: 40203475 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2025.103830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2025] [Accepted: 03/26/2025] [Indexed: 04/11/2025]
Abstract
Advanced epithelial ovarian cancer of the high-grade serous subtype (HGSOC) remains a significant clinical challenge due to the development of resistance to current platinum-based chemotherapies. PARP1/2 inhibitors (PARPi) exploit the well-characterised homologous recombination repair deficiency (HRD) in HGSOC and offer an effective targeted approach to treatment. Several clinical trials demonstrated that PARPi (olaparib, rucaparib, niraparib) significantly improved progression-free survival (PFS) in HGSOC in the recurrent maintenance setting. However, 40-70 % of patients develop Resistance to PARPi presenting an ongoing challenge in the clinic. Therefore, there is an unmet need for novel targeted therapies and biomarkers to identify intrinsic or acquired resistance to PARPi in ovarian cancer. Understanding the mechanisms of resistance to PARPi is crucial for identifying molecular vulnerabilities, developing effective biomarkers for patient stratification and guiding treatment decisions. Here, we summarise the current landscape of mechanisms associated with PARPi resistance such as restored homologous recombination repair functionality, replication fork stability and alterations to PARP1 and PARP2 and the DNA damage response. We highlight the role of circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) in identifying acquired resistance biomarkers and its potential in guiding 'real-time' treatment decisions. Moreover, we explore other innovative treatment strategies aimed at overcoming specific resistance mechanisms, including the inhibition of ATR, WEE1 and POLQ. We also examine the role of PARPi rechallenge in patients with acquired resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanat Kulkarni
- Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | | | - Çağla Tosun
- Naaz-Coker Ovarian Cancer Research Centre, Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 3RD, UK
| | - Srinivasan Madhusudan
- Naaz-Coker Ovarian Cancer Research Centre, Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 3RD, UK; Department of Oncology, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham NG51PB, UK.
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21
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Chinczewski L, Harter P, Heukamp L, Mayr D, Grimm C, Heinzelmann-Schwarz V, Wimberger P, Mahner S, Braicu IE, Schmitt W, Denkert C, Sehouli J. Intergroup-statement: statement of the german ovarian cancer commission, the North-Eastern German Society of gynecological Oncology (NOGGO), AGO Austria and AGO Swiss regarding the use of homologous repair deficiency (HRD) assays in advanced ovarian cancer. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2025; 311:1445-1450. [PMID: 40069521 PMCID: PMC12033106 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-025-07991-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2025] [Accepted: 02/21/2025] [Indexed: 04/29/2025]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) is a key biomarker in the management of high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC), guiding treatment decisions, particularly regarding the use of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi). As multiple HRD assays are available, each with distinct methodologies and cutoff values, the interpretation and clinical application of HRD testing remain complex. This intergroup statement, endorsed by the German Ovarian Cancer Commission, NOGGO, AGO Austria, and AGO Swiss, aims to provide guidance on the indications, appropriate use, and limitations of HRD testing in ovarian cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS The statement is based on an interdisciplinary review of available literature, clinical trial data, and expert consensus. The recommendations focus on the current landscape of HRD assays, their clinical applicability, and practical considerations regarding the optimal timing and indications for testing. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Various HRD assays, including established commercial tests and emerging academic-clinical approaches, are reviewed in this statement. The document outlines key eligibility criteria for HRD testing in ovarian cancer, emphasizing its relevance in specific histological subtypes and clinical scenarios. Additionally, exclusion criteria are defined, highlighting cases where HRD testing may not be appropriate due to insufficient clinical validation or lack of therapeutic implications. Finally, the statement discusses the pathological minimum requirements for tissue samples used in HRD testing, ensuring adequate sample quality and tumor content for reliable results. CONCLUSION HRD testing is a valuable tool for personalizing ovarian cancer treatment, particularly in identifying patients who may benefit from PARPi therapy. However, assay selection, timing, and result interpretation require careful consideration. This statement provides a structured approach to optimize HRD testing, aiming to improve clinical decision-making and patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Chinczewski
- Department for Gynecology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Philipp Harter
- Department for Gynecology, Klinikum Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany
| | - Lukas Heukamp
- Institut für Hämatopathologie Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Doris Mayr
- Department for Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Grimm
- Department for Gynecology, Allgemeines Krankenhaus Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Pauline Wimberger
- Department for Gynecology, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sven Mahner
- Department for Gynecology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Ioana Elena Braicu
- Department for Gynecology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schmitt
- Department for Pathology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Denkert
- Department for Pathology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jalid Sehouli
- Department for Gynecology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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22
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Xiao H, Cheng G, Zhang H, Liu Y, Chen Z, Gao Y, Gao F, Liu Y, Wang S, Kong B. Role of KLF5 in enhancing ovarian cancer stemness and PARPi resistance: mechanisms and therapeutic targeting. J Transl Med 2025; 23:492. [PMID: 40307891 PMCID: PMC12042437 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-025-06502-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2025] [Indexed: 05/02/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer (OC) often presents at advanced stages with poor prognosis. Although poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) offer clinical benefits, resistance remains a major challenge. This study investigates the role of KLF5 in regulating OC cell stemness and contributing to PARPi resistance. METHODS Gene expression analysis was conducted on OC cell lines and their PARPi-resistant counterparts. qRT-PCR and Western blotting assessed the expression levels of stemness markers and KLF5. IHC evaluated KLF5 expression in ovarian cancer tissue samples. Sphere formation and ALDH activity assays were used to evaluate stemness. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) investigated KLF5's binding to the Vimentin promoter. The effects of the KLF5 inhibitor ML264 were tested in vitro using cell viability and apoptosis assays, and in vivo using a xenograft mouse model to evaluate tumor growth and response to PARPi treatment. RESULTS PARPi-resistant OC cells showed elevated stemness, indicated by increased SOX2, KLF4, Nanog, and OCT4 expression. KLF5 was significantly upregulated in these cells and linked to poor clinical outcomes. PARPi-resistant cells formed larger and more numerous spheres and had higher ALDH activity. KLF5 bound to the Vimentin promoter, upregulating its expression. Inhibition of KLF5 with ML264 reduced stemness features, decreased Vimentin expression, and resensitized resistant cells to PARPi. In vivo, ML264-treated mice with PARPi-resistant tumors exhibited reduced tumor growth and increased sensitivity to PARPi. CONCLUSION KLF5 enhances stemness and contributes to PARPi resistance in ovarian cancer through Vimentin regulation. Targeting KLF5 offers a promising therapeutic strategy to overcome resistance and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Xiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
- Gynecologic Oncology Key Laboratory of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Guiyun Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
- Gynecologic Oncology Key Laboratory of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Haocheng Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
- Gynecologic Oncology Key Laboratory of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
- Gynecologic Oncology Key Laboratory of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Zhongshao Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
- Gynecologic Oncology Key Laboratory of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Yuehan Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
- Gynecologic Oncology Key Laboratory of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Yanling Liu
- Gynecologic Oncology Key Laboratory of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Shourong Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
- Gynecologic Oncology Key Laboratory of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
| | - Beihua Kong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
- Gynecologic Oncology Key Laboratory of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
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23
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Micha JP, Rettenmaier MA, Bohart R, Gorman JP, Goldstein BH. Clinical differences among the PARP inhibitors in the first-line treatment of advanced-stage ovarian carcinoma. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2025:1-5. [PMID: 40249727 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2025.2496519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2025] [Revised: 04/03/2025] [Accepted: 04/17/2025] [Indexed: 04/20/2025]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite favorable patient response rates to first-line chemotherapy, 5-year overall survival rates in ovarian cancer are dismal. Fortunately, the inclusion of PARP inhibitors (e.g. olaparib, niraparib, and rucaparib) following the completion of primary induction chemotherapy, has conferred improved progression-free survival rates. AREAS COVERED There are treatment outcome differences among the various PARP inhibitors that coincide with a patient's specific homologous recombination deficit (HRD) status; moreover, only single-agent olaparib and olaparib with bevacizumab have conferred a 5-year overall survival benefit. In the current review, we recount the clinical differences associated with the available PARP inhibitors in the management of advanced-stage ovarian carcinoma. EXPERT OPINION The inclusion of PARP inhibitors has significantly improved survival benefits in advanced-stage ovarian cancer, especially among patients with an identifiable HRD. While there are tolerability differences inherent to the specific PARP inhibitors, not to mention approval distinctions, olaparib is the only PARP inhibitor that has demonstrated consistent overall survival benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Micha
- Department of Gynecologic and Breast Oncology, Women's Cancer Research Foundation, Laguna Beach, CA, USA
| | - Mark A Rettenmaier
- Department of Gynecologic and Breast Oncology, Women's Cancer Research Foundation, Laguna Beach, CA, USA
| | - Randy Bohart
- Department of Pharmacology, Oso Home Care, Inc, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Joshua P Gorman
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Bram H Goldstein
- Department of Gynecologic and Breast Oncology, Women's Cancer Research Foundation, Laguna Beach, CA, USA
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24
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Kordowitzki P, Lange B, Elias KM, Haigis MC, Mechsner S, Braicu IE, Sehouli J. Transforming treatment paradigms: Focus on personalized medicine for high-grade serous ovarian cancer. CA Cancer J Clin 2025. [PMID: 40252048 DOI: 10.3322/caac.70008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2025] [Revised: 02/20/2025] [Accepted: 02/26/2025] [Indexed: 04/21/2025] Open
Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is the most common and aggressive subtype of ovarian cancer, accounting for approximately 70% of all ovarian cancer cases and contributing significantly to the high mortality rates associated with this disease. Because of the asymptomatic nature of early stage disease, most patients are diagnosed at advanced stages when the cancer has already spread into the abdominal cavity, requiring complex and intensive surgical and chemotherapeutic interventions followed by maintenance therapies. Although a minority of cases are associated with well defined genetic syndromes, specific risk factors and a clear etiology in many cases remain elusive. HGSOC tumors are characterized by a high frequency of somatic gene copy number alterations, often associated with defects in homologous recombination repair of DNA. All attempts to introduce an effective screening for HGSOC to date have been unsuccessful. This review elucidates the complexities surrounding HGSOC and encompasses its etiology, epidemiology, classification, pathogenesis, and the current array of treatment strategies. Understanding molecular underpinnings is crucial for the development of targeted therapies and personalized multimodal treatment approaches in centralized therapeutic structures. This review also examines the importance of the tumor microenvironment. In addition, the authors' objective is to underscore the critical importance of placing the patient's perspective and diversity at the forefront of therapeutic strategies, thereby fostering a genuinely participatory decision-making process and ultimately improving patient quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Kordowitzki
- Department of Preclinical and Basic Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Gynecology, Center of Oncological Surgery, European Competence Center for Ovarian Cancer, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Britta Lange
- Institute for Cultural Studies, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kevin M Elias
- Section of Gynecologic Oncology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Institute, Taussig Cancer Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Marcia C Haigis
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sylvia Mechsner
- Department of Gynecology, Center of Oncological Surgery, European Competence Center for Ovarian Cancer, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ioana Elena Braicu
- Department of Gynecology, Center of Oncological Surgery, European Competence Center for Ovarian Cancer, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jalid Sehouli
- Department of Gynecology, Center of Oncological Surgery, European Competence Center for Ovarian Cancer, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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25
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Geissler F, Graf F, Zwimpfer TA, Eller RS, Nguyen-Sträuli BD, Schötzau A, Heinzelmann-Schwarz V, Gobrecht-Keller U. Endocrine Maintenance Therapy in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer: A Retrospective Off-Label Real-World Cohort Study. Cancers (Basel) 2025; 17:1301. [PMID: 40282477 PMCID: PMC12025638 DOI: 10.3390/cancers17081301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2025] [Revised: 04/06/2025] [Accepted: 04/10/2025] [Indexed: 04/29/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endocrine therapy is the standard-of-care maintenance treatment for estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancers and is increasingly used in low-grade serous ovarian cancer. However, its therapeutic role in the early maintenance setting for ER-positive high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) remains undefined. METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinicopathological data from patients with newly diagnosed ER-positive HGSC following completion of adjuvant chemotherapy. Patients received maintenance therapy either with or without the aromatase inhibitor letrozole, in addition to standard maintenance care. ER expression levels and the administration of letrozole were analyzed, along with outcome measures for the entire cohort, with stratification based on residual disease status. RESULTS A total of 102 patients with newly diagnosed HGSC were included in the analysis, with 64 (62.7%) receiving letrozole and 38 (37.3%) not receiving letrozole. The median ER expression was 70%, with higher expression observed in the letrozole group compared to the no letrozole group (77.5% vs. 60%). No significant correlation was found between ER expression status and therapy response (p = 0.295 and p = 0.176, respectively). Letrozole therapy was well tolerated with no major adverse effects reported. In the overall cohort, maintenance letrozole therapy did not confer a significant improvement in progression-free survival (median 20.56 months vs. 29.34 months, p = 0.53) or overall survival (OS) (median 79.48 months vs. 46.85 months, p = 0.71) over a median follow-up duration of 23.5 months. However, among patients with no residual disease, maintenance letrozole therapy was associated with a statistically significant improvement in OS compared to those not receiving letrozole (median 114 months vs. 46.9 months, p = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS Maintenance letrozole therapy appears to be a well-tolerated and potentially beneficial intervention in a subset of patients with ER-positive HGSC with no residual disease post-treatment. These findings highlight the need for further validation through prospective randomized trials to comprehensively assess the efficacy of endocrine therapy in this setting and its implications for patient quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Geissler
- Gynaecological Cancer Centre, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (F.G.); (T.A.Z.); (R.S.E.); (B.D.N.-S.); (A.S.); (U.G.-K.)
- Ovarian Cancer Research, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Flurina Graf
- Medical Faculty, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Tibor A. Zwimpfer
- Gynaecological Cancer Centre, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (F.G.); (T.A.Z.); (R.S.E.); (B.D.N.-S.); (A.S.); (U.G.-K.)
- Ovarian Cancer Research, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ruth S. Eller
- Gynaecological Cancer Centre, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (F.G.); (T.A.Z.); (R.S.E.); (B.D.N.-S.); (A.S.); (U.G.-K.)
- Ovarian Cancer Research, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bich Doan Nguyen-Sträuli
- Gynaecological Cancer Centre, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (F.G.); (T.A.Z.); (R.S.E.); (B.D.N.-S.); (A.S.); (U.G.-K.)
| | - Andreas Schötzau
- Gynaecological Cancer Centre, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (F.G.); (T.A.Z.); (R.S.E.); (B.D.N.-S.); (A.S.); (U.G.-K.)
| | - Viola Heinzelmann-Schwarz
- Gynaecological Cancer Centre, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (F.G.); (T.A.Z.); (R.S.E.); (B.D.N.-S.); (A.S.); (U.G.-K.)
- Ovarian Cancer Research, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ursula Gobrecht-Keller
- Gynaecological Cancer Centre, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (F.G.); (T.A.Z.); (R.S.E.); (B.D.N.-S.); (A.S.); (U.G.-K.)
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26
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Ergasti R, Vertechy L, Ruscito I, Boccia SM, Congedo L, Sassu CM, Capomacchia FM, Costantini B, Distefano MG, Scambia G, Fagotti A, Marchetti C. Failure of early interval debulking surgery after standard neoadjuvant chemotherapy: May bevacizumab add something? A large retrospective study. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY 2025; 51:110016. [PMID: 40209282 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2025.110016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2025] [Revised: 03/19/2025] [Accepted: 04/03/2025] [Indexed: 04/12/2025]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Data are limited on the use of bevacizumab in neoadjuvant setting for High-Grade Serous ovarian Cancer (HGSC) patients. This study explores the effect of adding bevacizumab to standard neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) following the failure of early Interval Debulking Surgery (eIDS). MATERIALS AND METHODS This monocentric study retrospectively enrolled FIGO stage IIIC-IV HGSC patients (2017-2021), persisting unresectable after three NACT cycles. Eligible patients had an ECOG performance status ≤2, were aged 40-75 years, and had no contraindications to bevacizumab administration. Patients were stratified whether they added bevacizumab from cycles 4 to 6 (CPB group) or not (CP group). The primary endpoint was the cytoreduction rate after six cycles (delayed IDS, dIDS). RESULTS Overall, 58(23 %) patients received neoadjuvant bevacizumab(CPB), and 190 (77 %) did not (CP). Delayed IDS was performed in 117(47.6 %) patients (CPB:31-53.4 %; CP:86-45.8 %; p = 0.38), with complete gross resection rates of 83.9 % and 88.5 %, respectively (p = 0.72). Severe postoperative complications were comparable (CP: 8 %, CPB: 9.7 %, p = 0.069). Median overall survival (OS) for dIDS patients showed no significant difference (CPB: not reached, CP:38 months, p = 0.55), nor did progression-free survival (PFS; CPB:14 months, CP:12 months, p = 0.830). Conversely, among 130(52 %) patients persisting unresectable, bevacizumab significantly improved OS in the CPB group (not reached vs.18 months, p = 0.015), although PFS remained similar (CPB: 6 months, CP: 7 months, p = 0.741). CONCLUSION While adding bevacizumab to NACT does not seem to increase the dIDS rate, it significantly extends OS in unresectable patients. Its use may be a valuable option in selected cases after eIDS' failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Ergasti
- UOC Ginecologia Oncologica, Dipartimento Scienze Della Salute Della Donna, Del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Vertechy
- UOC Ginecologia Oncologica, Dipartimento Scienze Della Salute Della Donna, Del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilary Ruscito
- UOC Ginecologia Oncologica, Dipartimento Scienze Della Salute Della Donna, Del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Maria Boccia
- UOC Ginecologia Oncologica, Dipartimento Scienze Della Salute Della Donna, Del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Congedo
- UOC Ginecologia Oncologica, Dipartimento Scienze Della Salute Della Donna, Del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Carolina Maria Sassu
- UOC Ginecologia Oncologica, Dipartimento Scienze Della Salute Della Donna, Del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Filippo Maria Capomacchia
- UOC Ginecologia Oncologica, Dipartimento Scienze Della Salute Della Donna, Del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Costantini
- UOC Ginecologia Oncologica, Dipartimento Scienze Della Salute Della Donna, Del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Distefano
- UOC Ginecologia Oncologica, Dipartimento Scienze Della Salute Della Donna, Del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Scambia
- UOC Ginecologia Oncologica, Dipartimento Scienze Della Salute Della Donna, Del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Fagotti
- UOC Ginecologia Oncologica, Dipartimento Scienze Della Salute Della Donna, Del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Marchetti
- UOC Ginecologia Oncologica, Dipartimento Scienze Della Salute Della Donna, Del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
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27
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Xu H, George E, Gallo D, Medvedev S, Wang X, Datta A, Kryczka R, Hyer ML, Fourtounis J, Stocco R, Aguado-Fraile E, Petrone A, Yin SY, Shiwram A, Liu F, Anderson M, Kim H, Greenberg RA, Marshall CG, Simpkins F. Targeting CCNE1 amplified ovarian and endometrial cancers by combined inhibition of PKMYT1 and ATR. Nat Commun 2025; 16:3112. [PMID: 40169546 PMCID: PMC11962063 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-58183-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2025] [Indexed: 04/03/2025] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancers (OVCAs) and endometrial cancers (EMCAs) with CCNE1-amplification are often resistant to standard treatment and represent an unmet clinical need. Synthetic-lethal screening identified loss of the CDK1 regulator, PKMYT1, as synthetically lethal with CCNE1-amplification. We hypothesize that CCNE1-amplification associated replication stress will be more effectively targeted by combining PKMYT1 inhibitor lunresertib (RP-6306), with ATR inhibitor camonsertib (RP-3500/RG6526). Low dose combination RP-6306 with RP-3500 synergistically increases cytotoxicity more so in CCNE1-amplified compared to non-amplified cells. Combination treatment produces durable antitumor activity, reduces metastasis and increases survival in CCNE1-amplified patient-derived OVCA and EMCA xenografts. Mechanistically, low doses of RP-6306 with RP-3500 increase CDK1 activation more so than monotherapy, triggering rapid and robust induction of premature mitosis, DNA damage, and apoptosis in a CCNE1-dependent manner. These findings suggest that targeting CDK1 activity by combining RP-6306 with RP-3500 is an effective therapeutic approach to treat CCNE1-amplifed OVCAs and EMCAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haineng Xu
- Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Erin George
- Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - David Gallo
- Repare Therapeutics, Inc., 7171 Frederick-Banting, Ville St-Laurent, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sergey Medvedev
- Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Arindam Datta
- Department of Cancer Biology, Penn Center for Genome Integrity, Basser Center for BRCA, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rosie Kryczka
- Repare Therapeutics, Inc., 7171 Frederick-Banting, Ville St-Laurent, QC, Canada
| | - Marc L Hyer
- Repare Therapeutics, Inc., 101 Main St, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jimmy Fourtounis
- Repare Therapeutics, Inc., 7171 Frederick-Banting, Ville St-Laurent, QC, Canada
| | - Rino Stocco
- Repare Therapeutics, Inc., 7171 Frederick-Banting, Ville St-Laurent, QC, Canada
| | | | - Adam Petrone
- Repare Therapeutics, Inc., 101 Main St, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Shou Yun Yin
- Repare Therapeutics, Inc., 7171 Frederick-Banting, Ville St-Laurent, QC, Canada
| | - Ariya Shiwram
- Repare Therapeutics, Inc., 7171 Frederick-Banting, Ville St-Laurent, QC, Canada
| | - Fang Liu
- Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Matthew Anderson
- Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hyoung Kim
- Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Roger A Greenberg
- Department of Cancer Biology, Penn Center for Genome Integrity, Basser Center for BRCA, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Fiona Simpkins
- Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Kataoka N, Hata T, Hosomi K, Hirata A, Fujiwara S, Goto E, Nishihara M, Ohmichi M, Neo M. Predictors of olaparib discontinuation owing to adverse drug events in patients with ovarian, peritoneal, or fallopian tube cancer: a retrospective observational study. J Chemother 2025; 37:168-174. [PMID: 38695665 DOI: 10.1080/1120009x.2024.2345025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2025]
Abstract
We investigated predictors of olaparib discontinuation owing to adverse effects. Patients with ovarian, peritoneal, or fallopian tube cancers treated with olaparib at Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University Hospital between April 2018 and September 2022 were included in this study. The exclusion criteria were as follows: discontinuation of treatment due to disease progression, use of anaemia medications, and use of cytochrome P450 (CYP3A4) inhibitors. The follow-up period was 90 d. Of the 46 eligible patients, 21 patients discontinued olaparib, including 15 patients with grade 3 or higher anaemia, eight patients with grade 3 or higher neutropenia, and four patients with non-haematological toxicity (including multiple onset). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that grade 4 neutropenia and anaemia progression to grades 2-3 due to chemotherapy administered before olaparib administration were predictors of olaparib discontinuation. The severity of neutropenia and anaemia due to chemotherapy before olaparib administration may be a potential marker for its discontinuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriaki Kataoka
- Department of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University Hospital, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeo Hata
- Department of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University Hospital, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Hospital Quality and Safety Management, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University Hospital, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kouichi Hosomi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashi-osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hirata
- Department of Pharmacy, Kindai University Nara Hospital, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
| | - Satoe Fujiwara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Emi Goto
- Department of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University Hospital, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masami Nishihara
- Department of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University Hospital, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Hospital Quality and Safety Management, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University Hospital, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahide Ohmichi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masashi Neo
- Department of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University Hospital, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
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29
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Karacin P. Ovarian carcinoma in patients aged ≥80 years: A retrospective multicenter study of management and survival in the FRANCOGYN population: letter to the editor. J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod 2025; 54:102919. [PMID: 39892517 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2025.102919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2025] [Accepted: 01/29/2025] [Indexed: 02/03/2025]
Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Karacin
- Department of Gynecology, Dr Abdurrahman Yurtaslan Ankara Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Türkiye.
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30
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Stanisławiak-Rudowicz J, Szałek E, Więckowska B, Grześkowiak E, Mądry R. Olaparib-induced hyperglycemia in ovarian cancer patients - a case series analysis of a three-month therapy with a consideration of BMI. Pharmacol Rep 2025; 77:500-507. [PMID: 39881056 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-025-00702-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 01/14/2025] [Accepted: 01/16/2025] [Indexed: 01/31/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Olaparib is a relatively new poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor (PARPi) administered to ovarian cancer (OC) patients with a complete or partial response to first-line chemotherapy. One of the metabolic side effects of olaparib is the disruption of glucose homeostasis, often resulting in hyperglycemia The study was a retrospective analysis of olaparib-induced hyperglycemia in OC patients with initial normoglycemia following the first, second, and third month of olaparib treatment METHODS: The study involved 32 OC patients, classified into three groups according to their Body Mass Index (BMI): normal BMI (BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m2; n = 13), overweight (BMI 25-29.9 kg/m2; n = 13), and obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2; n = 6). The fasting glucose (FG) concentration was evaluated after the first, second, and third cycle of olaparib treatment (a cycle is the equivalent of 28 days of treatment). The severity of the observed hyperglycemia was assessed using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE v5.0). RESULTS A significant increase in glycemia was observed after the first and second cycles of olaparib treatment in the group with normal BMI and after the third cycle in overweight and obese patients. There were no significant differences in glucose levels among the groups following the first, the second, and the third cycle. Grade 1 hyperglycemia with impaired fasting glucose levels (5.6-6.9 mmol/l) was found in 15 patients (normal BMI: n = 4, overweight: n = 9, and obesity: n = 2), while glycemia typical of diabetes (≥ 7.0 mmol/l) was observed in one obese patient. CONCLUSIONS Regardless of the weight of OC patients, it is essential to control glycemia during olaparib treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Stanisławiak-Rudowicz
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmacy, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, Poznań, Poland.
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Poznań University Clinical Hospital, Szamarzewskiego 84, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Edyta Szałek
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmacy, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, Poznań, Poland
| | - Barbara Więckowska
- Department of Computer Science and Statistics, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Edmund Grześkowiak
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmacy, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, Poznań, Poland
| | - Radosław Mądry
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Poznań University Clinical Hospital, Szamarzewskiego 84, Poznań, Poland
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Galeș LN, Păun MA, Butnariu I, Simion L, Manolescu LSC, Trifănescu OG, Anghel RM. Next-Generation Sequencing in Oncology-A Guiding Compass for Targeted Therapy and Emerging Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2025; 26:3123. [PMID: 40243903 PMCID: PMC11988731 DOI: 10.3390/ijms26073123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2025] [Revised: 03/17/2025] [Accepted: 03/21/2025] [Indexed: 04/18/2025] Open
Abstract
Multigene sequencing technologies provide a foundation for targeted therapy and precision oncology by identifying actionable alterations and enabling the development of treatments that substantially improve clinical outcomes. This review emphasizes the importance of having a molecular compass guiding treatment decision-making through the multitude of alterations and genetic mutations, showcasing why NGS plays a pivotal role in modern oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurenția Nicoleta Galeș
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (L.N.G.)
- Department of Medical Oncology II, “Prof. Dr. Al. Trestioreanu” Institute of Oncology, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihai-Andrei Păun
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (L.N.G.)
| | - Ioana Butnariu
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (L.N.G.)
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Neurology and Neurovascular Diseases, 077160 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Laurentiu Simion
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (L.N.G.)
- General Surgery and Surgical Oncology Department I, Bucharest Institute of Oncology “Prof. Dr. Al. Trestioreanu”, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Loredana Sabina Cornelia Manolescu
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (L.N.G.)
- Clinical Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, “Marius Nasta” Institute of Pneumology, 050159 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Microbiology, Parasitology and Virology, Faculty of Midwives and Nursing, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Oana Gabriela Trifănescu
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (L.N.G.)
- Department of Radiotherapy II, “Prof. Dr. Al. Trestioreanu” Institute of Oncology, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Rodica Maricela Anghel
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (L.N.G.)
- Department of Radiotherapy II, “Prof. Dr. Al. Trestioreanu” Institute of Oncology, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
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32
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Chitoran E, Rotaru V, Stefan DC, Gullo G, Simion L. Blocking Tumoral Angiogenesis VEGF/VEGFR Pathway: Bevacizumab-20 Years of Therapeutic Success and Controversy. Cancers (Basel) 2025; 17:1126. [PMID: 40227654 PMCID: PMC11988089 DOI: 10.3390/cancers17071126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2025] [Revised: 03/22/2025] [Accepted: 03/26/2025] [Indexed: 04/15/2025] Open
Abstract
The "angiogenesis switch"-defined as the active process by which solid tumors develop their own circulation-plays an important role in both tumoral growth and propagation. As the malignant tumor grows and reaches a critical size, the metabolic needs as a function of an ever-increasing distance to the nearest emergent blood vessel, can no longer be covered by the microenvironment of the peritumoral tissue. Although a relatively discrete process, the "angiogenic switch" acts as a limiting stage of tumoral development present from the avascular hyperplasia phase to the vascularized neoplastic phase, providing support for tumor expansion and metastasis. Over time, research has focused on blocking the angiogenetic pathways (such as VEGF/VEGFR signaling axis) leading to the development of targeted therapeutic agents such as Bevacizumab. Objectives: We conducted a review of the molecular principles of tumoral angiogenesis and we tried to follow the history of Bevacizumab from its first approval for human usage 20 years ago to current days, focusing on the impact this agent had in solid tumor therapy. A comprehensive review of clinical trials pertaining to Bevacizumab (from the era of the preclinic trials leading to approval for human usage, to the more recent randomized trial focusing on combination targeted therapy) further details the role of this drug. We aimed to establish if this ancient drug continues to have a place in modern oncology. Conclusions: Bevacizumab, one of the first drugs targeting tumoral microenvironment, remains one of the most important oncologic agents blocking the VEGF/VEGFR angiogenic pathway. otherwise, history of 20 years marked by numerous controversies (ranging from methodological errors of clinical trials to withdrawal of approval for human usage in breast cancer patients, from discussions about severe side effects to resistance to therapy and limited efficacity), Bevacizumab continues to provide an optimal therapeutic option for many solid tumors that previously had little to no means of treatment, improving otherwise bleak outcomes. Even in the era of personalized precision oncology, Bevacizumab continues to be a key element in many therapeutic regimens both as monotherapy and in combination with newer targeted agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Chitoran
- Medicine School, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- General Surgery and Surgical Oncology Department I, Bucharest Institute of Oncology “Prof. Dr. Al. Trestioreanu”, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Vlad Rotaru
- Medicine School, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- General Surgery and Surgical Oncology Department I, Bucharest Institute of Oncology “Prof. Dr. Al. Trestioreanu”, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniela-Cristina Stefan
- Medicine School, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Giuseppe Gullo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Villa Sofia Cervello Hospital, University of Palermo, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Laurentiu Simion
- Medicine School, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- General Surgery and Surgical Oncology Department I, Bucharest Institute of Oncology “Prof. Dr. Al. Trestioreanu”, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
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Kang B, Lee SJ, Seol KH, Jeong YY, Choi JH, Choi BH, Ryu JM, Choi YS. Trabectedin Induces Synthetic Lethality via the p53-Dependent Apoptotic Pathway in Ovarian Cancer Cells Without BRCA Mutations When Used in Combination with Niraparib. Int J Mol Sci 2025; 26:2921. [PMID: 40243501 PMCID: PMC11989182 DOI: 10.3390/ijms26072921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2025] [Revised: 03/06/2025] [Accepted: 03/17/2025] [Indexed: 04/18/2025] Open
Abstract
This study investigated whether combining niraparib and trabectedin in BRCA-proficient epithelial ovarian cancer induces deficiencies in ssDNA break repair and dsDNA homologous recombination, leading to synthetic lethality. A2780 and SKOV3 ovarian cancer cell lines were treated with niraparib and trabectedin. Cell viability was assessed using CCK-8 assays, while RT-qPCR and Western blot analyzed the expression of DNA repair and apoptosis-related genes. Apoptosis was evaluated via Annexin V/PI assays. The combination therapy exhibited a synergistic effect on A2780 cells but not on SKOV3 cells. Treatment reduced BRCA1, BRCA2, RAD51, PARP1, and PARP2 expression, indicating impaired DNA repair. γ-H2AX levels increased, suggesting DNA damage. The therapy also upregulated p53, PUMA, NOXA, BAX, BAK, and p21, promoting p53-mediated apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Apoptosis induction was confirmed via Annexin V/PI assays. Silencing p53 with siRNA abolished all synergistic effects in A2780 cells. Niraparib and trabectedin combination therapy impairs DNA repair in BRCA-proficient ovarian cancer, leading to synthetic lethality through p53-dependent apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bongkyun Kang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sun-Jae Lee
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea;
| | - Ki Ho Seol
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yoon Young Jeong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jung-Hye Choi
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea;
| | - Bo-Hyun Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jung Min Ryu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea;
| | - Youn Seok Choi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea;
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Kong B, Zheng W. Mirvetuximab soravtansine: current and future applications. J Hematol Oncol 2025; 18:33. [PMID: 40102896 PMCID: PMC11921575 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-025-01686-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2025] [Accepted: 03/07/2025] [Indexed: 03/20/2025] Open
Abstract
Ovarian epithelial cancer (OEC), particularly high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC), remains a clinical challenge due to its late-stage diagnosis, high recurrence rates, and poor survival outcomes. Mirvetuximab soravtansine (MIRV), an antibody-drug conjugate targeting folate receptor alpha (FRα), has demonstrated promising efficacy in platinum-resistant OEC, particularly in high FRα-expressing populations, as evidenced by key clinical trials such as FORWARD I, FORWARD II, SORAYA, and MIRASOL. These trials highlight MIRV's ability to improve progression-free survival, response rates, and quality of life in advanced disease settings. Emerging data suggest that FRα is also highly expressed in serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC), a non-invasive precursor lesion to HGSC. Although MIRV has not yet been studied for STIC management, we propose its potential application in this context to prevent progression to invasive carcinoma, particularly in high-risk populations undergoing risk-reducing bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. This novel use could bridge the gap between prevention and treatment, offering a proactive strategy for hereditary cancer management. Furthermore, MIRV's therapeutic versatility extends to other FRα-positive tumors, such as endometrial and breast cancers, broadening its clinical relevance. Despite challenges such as accessibility and cost, MIRV represents a significant advancement in precision medicine, with potential to redefine prevention and treatment strategies for hereditary and sporadic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beihua Kong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wenxin Zheng
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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35
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Wang YW, Allen I, Funingana G, Tischkowitz M, Joko-Fru YW. Predictive biomarkers for the efficacy of PARP inhibitors in ovarian cancer: an updated systematic review. BJC REPORTS 2025; 3:14. [PMID: 40069561 PMCID: PMC11897386 DOI: 10.1038/s44276-025-00122-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2024] [Revised: 12/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2025] [Indexed: 03/15/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND PARP inhibitors are effective in treating ovarian cancer, especially for BRCA1/2 pathogenic variant carriers and those with HRD (homologous recombination deficiency). Concerns over toxicity and costs have led to the search for predictive biomarkers. We present an updated systematic review, expanding on a previous ESMO review on PARP inhibitor biomarkers. METHODS Following ESMO's 2020 review protocol, we extended our search to March 31, 2023, including PubMed and clinical trial data. We also reviewed the reference lists of review articles. We conducted a meta-analysis using a random-effects model to evaluate hazard ratios and assess the predictive potential of biomarkers and the effectiveness of PARP inhibitors in survival. RESULTS We found 375 articles, 103 of which were included after screening (62 primary research, 41 reviews). HRD remained the primary biomarker (95%), particularly BRCA1/2 variants (77%). In the non-HRD category, six articles (10%) introduced innovative biomarkers, including ADP-ribosylation, HOXA9 promoter methylation, patient-derived organoids, KELIM, and SLFN11. DISCUSSION Prospective assessment of real-time homologous recombination repair via nuclear RAD51 levels shows promise but needs validation. Emerging biomarkers like ADP-ribosylation, HOXA9 promoter methylation, patient-derived organoids, KELIM, and SLFN11 offer potential but require large-scale validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Wen Wang
- Division of Gynaecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Isaac Allen
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Marc Tischkowitz
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yvonne Walburga Joko-Fru
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Zhang K, Qiu Y, Feng S, Yin H, Liu Q, Zhu Y, Cui H, Wei X, Wang G, Wang X, Shen Y. Development of model for identifying homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) status of ovarian cancer with deep learning on whole slide images. J Transl Med 2025; 23:267. [PMID: 40038690 PMCID: PMC11877705 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-025-06234-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2025] [Indexed: 03/06/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) refers to the dysfunction of homologous recombination repair (HRR) at the cellular level. The assessment of HRD status has the important significance for the formulation of treatment plans, efficacy evaluation, and prognosis prediction of patients with ovarian cancer. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to construct a deep learning-based classifier for identifying tumor regions from whole slide images (WSIs) and stratify the HRD status of patients with ovarian cancer (OC). METHODS The deep learning models were trained on 205 H&E-stained sections which contained 205 ovarian cancer patients, 64 were found to have HRD status while 141 had homologous recombination proficiency (HRP) status from two institutions Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) and Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University. The framework includes tumor regions identification by UNet + + and subtypes of ovarian cancer classifier construction. Referring to the EasyEnsemble, we classified the HRP patients into three distributed subsets. These three subsets of HRP patients were combined with the HRD patients to establish three new training groups for subsequent model construction. The three models were integrated into a single model named Ensemble Model. RESULTS The UNet + + algorithm segmented tumor regions with 81.8% accuracy, 85.9% recall, 83.8% dice score and 68.3% IoU. The AUC of the Ensemble Model was 0.769 (Precision = 0.800, Recall = 0.727, F1-score = 0.762) in the study. The most discriminative features between HRD and HRP comprised S_mean_dln_obtuse_ratio, S_mean_dln_acute_ratio and mean_Graph_T-S_Betweenness_normed. CONCLUSIONS The models we constructed enables accurate discrimination between tumor and non-tumor tissues in ovarian cancer as well as the prediction of HRD status for patients with ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Youhui Qiu
- Institute for AI in Medicine, School of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Songwei Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Han Yin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yuxin Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Haoyu Cui
- Institute for AI in Medicine, School of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoying Wei
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guoqing Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangxue Wang
- Institute for AI in Medicine, School of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yang Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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Moser SC, Jonkers J. Thirty Years of BRCA1: Mechanistic Insights and Their Impact on Mutation Carriers. Cancer Discov 2025; 15:461-480. [PMID: 40025950 PMCID: PMC11893084 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-24-1326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2024] [Revised: 11/04/2024] [Accepted: 12/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/04/2025]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Here, we explore the impact of three decades of BRCA1 research on the lives of mutation carriers and propose strategies to improve the prevention and treatment of BRCA1-associated cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C. Moser
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Jonkers
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Muzzana M, Broggini M, Damia G. The Landscape of PARP Inhibitors in Solid Cancers. Onco Targets Ther 2025; 18:297-317. [PMID: 40051775 PMCID: PMC11884256 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s499226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2025] [Indexed: 03/09/2025] Open
Abstract
PARP inhibitors are a class of agents that have shown significant preclinical activity in models defective in homologous recombination (HR). The identification of synthetic lethality between HR defects and PARP inhibition led to several clinical trials in tumors with known HR defects (initially mutations in BRCA1/2 genes and subsequently in other genes involved in HR). These studies demonstrated significant responses in breast and ovarian cancers, which are known to have a significant proportion of patients with HR defects. Since the approval of the first PARP inhibitor (PARPi), olaparib, several other inhibitors have been developed, expanding the armamentarium available to clinicians in this setting. The positive results obtained in breast and ovarian cancer have expanded the use of PARPi in other solid tumors with HR defects, including prostate and pancreatic cancer in which these defects have been identified. The clinical trials have demonstrated responses to PARPi which are now also available for the subset of patients with prostate and pancreatic cancer with HR defects. This review summarizes the results obtained in solid tumors with PARPi and their potential use when combined with other agents, including immune checkpoint inhibitors that are likely to further increase the survival of these patients which still needs a dramatic improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Muzzana
- Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Massimo Broggini
- Experimental Oncology Department, Istituto Di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Damia
- Experimental Oncology Department, Istituto Di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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Uccella S, Puppo A, Garzon S, Palladino S, Zorzato PC, Leone Roberti Maggiore U, Zavallone L, Calandra V, Galli L, Franchi M, Raspagliesi F. Secondary cytoreductive surgery for ovarian cancer recurrence and first-line maintenance therapy: A multicenter retrospective study. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2025; 306:160-167. [PMID: 39988402 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2025.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2024] [Revised: 01/11/2025] [Accepted: 01/14/2025] [Indexed: 02/25/2025]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate surgical and oncologic outcomes of secondary cytoreductive surgery for ovarian cancer recurrence, considering the exposure to previous first-line maintenance therapy. METHODS We retrospectively identified all women who underwent secondary cytoreductive surgery for ovarian cancer recurrence with cytoreductive intent at three Italian Gynecologic Oncology centers (1997-2022). Data on clinical, surgical, and pathological characteristics, neoadjuvant, adjuvant, and maintenance therapy, as well as follow-up information, were retrieved from prospectively collected databases and medical records. RESULTS We identified 189 patients. Maintenance therapy in the first-line setting was implemented in 108/189 (57 %) cases: bevacizumab in 77.7 % (84/108), PARP inhibitors (Olaparib, Niraparib, or Rucaparib) in 15.7 % (17/108), and bevacizumab + PARP-inhibitors in 4.6 % (5/108). Complete cytoreduction rate and perioperative complications in secondary surgery were not associated with previous maintenance therapy. Complete cytoreduction was achieved in 75 % (140/189) of patients, and any residual tumor was the strongest predictor of poor progression-free (Hazard ratio [HR] 3.91, 95 %CI 2.48-6.16) and cause-specific survival (HR 4.27, 95 %CI 2.36-7.70). First-line bevacizumab was independently associated with worse progression-free survival among patients with any residual tumor at secondary surgery. First-line PARP inhibitors were independently associated with worse progression-free and cause-specific survival regardless of complete cytoreduction. Second-line maintenance therapies were independently associated with better survival regardless of residual tumor after secondary surgery. CONCLUSION Complete cytoreduction during secondary surgery for ovarian cancer recurrence is the strongest predictor of prognosis. First-line maintenance therapies do not appear to affect the safety and feasibility of secondary cytoreduction, although they may influence prognosis after secondary surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Uccella
- Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics, and Gynecology, University of Verona, AOUI Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Andrea Puppo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ospedale Santa Croce e Carle, Cuneo, Italy
| | - Simone Garzon
- Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics, and Gynecology, University of Verona, AOUI Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | - Simona Palladino
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Pier Carlo Zorzato
- Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics, and Gynecology, University of Verona, AOUI Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Laura Zavallone
- Department of Medical Oncology, Infermi Hospital, Biella, Italy
| | - Valerio Calandra
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ospedale Santa Croce e Carle, Cuneo, Italy
| | - Liliana Galli
- Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics, and Gynecology, University of Verona, AOUI Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Massimo Franchi
- Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics, and Gynecology, University of Verona, AOUI Verona, Verona, Italy
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Asare A, Previs RA, Spinosa D, Fellman B, Scott AL, Mulder I, Mahmoud M, Enbaya A, Siedel JH, Cobb L, Soliman PT, Sood AK, Coleman RL, Secord AA, Westin SN. Bevacizumab beyond progression: Impact of subsequent bevacizumab re-treatment in patients with ovarian, fallopian tube, and peritoneal cancer after progression. Gynecol Oncol 2025; 194:112-118. [PMID: 39987772 PMCID: PMC12115928 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2025.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2025] [Accepted: 02/17/2025] [Indexed: 02/25/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study evaluated whether patients with epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, and primary peritoneal carcinoma (OC) who are immediately re-treated with bevacizumab derive benefit after disease progression on a bevacizumab-containing regimen. METHODS This multi-institutional, retrospective study compared patients with high grade non-mucinous epithelial OC who received bevacizumab followed directly by another bevacizumab-containing treatment regimen to patients who received bevacizumab followed by a regimen that did not contain bevacizumab (or received no further treatment). Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated using Kaplan Meier product-limit estimator and modeled via Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS Among 226 patients with OC who received bevacizumab as part of a treatment regimen,103 received sequential treatment with bevacizumab and 123 received a bevacizumab-containing regimen followed by a non-bevacizumab-containing regimen at the time of progression. Median follow-up for all subjects was 17.3 months (range, 1.2-138.2 months). Median PFS was 17.2 months (95 % CI, 14.3-21.2) for patients who received sequential bevacizumab re-treatment and 5.1 months (95 % CI, 4.3-6.3) for patients who received bevacizumab without bevacizumab-containing re-treatment (p < 0.001). Median OS was 29.9 months (95 % CI, 26.1-35.4) for patients who received sequential bevacizumab re-treatment (p < 0.001) and 12.4 months (95 % CI, 9.2-16.7) for patients who did not receive bevacizumab-containing re-treatment. CONCLUSION Patients with OC treated with bevacizumab-containing regimens sequentially at the time of progression have prolonged survival compared to patients who received no re-treatment with bevacizumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amma Asare
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology & Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, United States of America
| | | | - Daniel Spinosa
- Gynecologic Oncology, University of Colorado Cancer Center, United States of America
| | - Bryan Fellman
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology & Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, United States of America
| | - Amelia L Scott
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, United States of America
| | - Isabelle Mulder
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology & Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, United States of America
| | - May Mahmoud
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology & Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, United States of America
| | - Ahmed Enbaya
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology & Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, United States of America
| | - Jean Hansen Siedel
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology & Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, United States of America
| | - Lauren Cobb
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology & Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, United States of America
| | - Pamela T Soliman
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology & Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, United States of America
| | - Anil K Sood
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology & Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, United States of America
| | | | | | - Shannon N Westin
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology & Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, United States of America.
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Dinkins KG, Lee GM, Arend RC, Leath CA, Toboni MD. Trends in FDA approvals of gynecologic oncology therapeutics from 2019 to 2024. Gynecol Oncol 2025; 194:153-158. [PMID: 40221174 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2025.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2025] [Accepted: 03/06/2025] [Indexed: 04/14/2025]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantify the impact of Food and Drug Administration (FDA) therapeutic approvals in gynecologic oncology from 2019 to 2024 and compare these approvals to other solid tumor disease sites. METHODS The FDA Approval Notifications was evaluated to assess drug approvals for solid tumors between August 15, 2019 and August 15, 2024. Drug approvals were evaluated to determine if they replaced the current standard of care (SOC), were used in combination with currently approved drugs, were used for adjuvant or maintenance therapy, or were approved for recurrence. Average therapeutic approval growth for each solid tumor category was calculated using the slope (b) from a simple linear regression model. Statistics were performed via Prism v10.1.1. RESULTS There were 150 drug approvals for solid tumors with gynecologic cancers representing 9.3 %. Gynecologic oncology had the second highest number of drug approvals compared to all other solid tumor disease sites. Of these, 8 were add on therapies (57.1 %) and 6 were later line therapies (42.9 %). Most disease sites (61.0 %) experienced an average decrease in FDA drug approvals during the study period. However, gynecologic oncology had the third largest approval growth (b = 0.17) compared to all other solid tumors. CONCLUSION While only representing 5 % of the oncology field, gynecologic oncology held the second highest number of FDA approvals by disease site in solid tumors (Ackroyd et al., 2021 [1]). The add on therapies provide a significant benefit in progression free and overall survival in the frontline setting and the later line therapies offer promising response rates in a heavily pre-treated population. This study highlights the promising future of gynecologic oncology therapeutics given the third largest relative growth in drug approvals compared to all other solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn G Dinkins
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America.
| | - Grace M Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Rebecca C Arend
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Charles A Leath
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Michael D Toboni
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
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Motohashi T, Shimada M, Tokunaga H, Kuwahara Y, Kuwabara H, Kato A, Tabata T. Niraparib as maintenance therapy in Japan: a retrospective observational study using a Japanese claims database. J Gynecol Oncol 2025; 36:e19. [PMID: 39028152 PMCID: PMC11964971 DOI: 10.3802/jgo.2025.36.e19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the leading cause of female mortality in gynecologic malignancies, with a rising incidence in Japan. This study aimed to validate the treatment patterns and safety of niraparib as maintenance therapy for EOC following initial chemotherapy in clinical practice in Japan. METHODS Leveraging claims data between April 2008 and December 2022, this descriptive study comprised EOC-diagnosed patients receiving initial platinum-based chemotherapy, debulking surgery, and niraparib as maintenance therapy. Patient characteristics, prescription status, transfusion details, and laboratory data were assessed and reported as summary statistics and frequencies. RESULTS Among 291 patients, the median age was 64.0 years and 94.5% received a 200-mg daily dose of niraparib. At week 12, 78.7% (229/291) continued niraparib treatment, 21.3% (62/291) discontinued, and 52.2% (152/291) required treatment interruptions. Of the 62 patients who discontinued treatment, 27 patients initiated subsequent EOC treatment within 12 weeks following niraparib discontinuation. Blood transfusions were needed in 10.3% (30/291), and of 55 patients with available laboratory data, 61.8% (34/55) had decreased platelet count <100,000/µL, 25.5% (14/55) had decreased hemoglobin level <8 g/dL, and 22.7% (5/22) had decreased neutrophil count <1,000/µL, meeting the criteria for treatment interruption. Among those with thrombocytopenia, 88.2% (30/34) were able to either resume or continue treatment. CONCLUSION Niraparib demonstrated favorable tolerability in Japanese patients with advanced EOC, with effective management of thrombocytopenia through dose adjustments and supportive care, supporting its viability as post-chemotherapy maintenance therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Motohashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Muneaki Shimada
- Department of Gynecology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Clinical Biobank, Tohoku University Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next-Generation Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Hideki Tokunaga
- Department of Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuki Kuwahara
- Japan Medical Affairs, Japan Oncology Business Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyo Kuwabara
- Japan Medical Affairs, Japan Oncology Business Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ai Kato
- Japan Medical Affairs, Japan Oncology Business Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Tabata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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Chattaraj A, Mishra V, Mishra Y. Carbon Nanotubes in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Ovarian Cancer. Indian J Microbiol 2025; 65:538-553. [PMID: 40371046 PMCID: PMC12069779 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-024-01367-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2025] Open
Abstract
One of the most serious gynecological diseases in the world is ovarian cancer (OC). These days, the majority of patients are identified at an advanced stage (III or IV), with subpar diagnosis resulting in a return of the illness. Conventional medicines fail as a result of issues with early illness identification and treatment processing, including issues with dosage delivery, side effects, and treatment resistance. The carbon nanotube (CNT)-based drug delivery systems for specific OC therapy are highlighted in this review. These systems have several advantages against free drugs, including nontoxicity, biological compatibility, high biodegradability, increased therapeutic impact, and non-inflammatory effects. Crucially, functionalized CNTs with particular ligands like cancer antigen (CA125), Human epididymis protein 4 (HE4), Mucin 1, and folic acid (FA) allow for selective targeting of OC and ultimately increase therapeutic potential in comparison to their nonfunctionalized counterparts. This review focused on the potential applications of CNTs in the detection and treatment of OC, as well as their present status and future clinical developments. Graphical Abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Chattaraj
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411 India
| | - Vijay Mishra
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411 India
| | - Yachana Mishra
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411 India
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Hage Chehade C, Gebrael G, Sayegh N, Ozay ZI, Narang A, Crispino T, Golan T, Litton JK, Swami U, Moore KN, Agarwal N. A pan-tumor review of the role of poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerase inhibitors. CA Cancer J Clin 2025; 75:141-167. [PMID: 39791278 PMCID: PMC11929130 DOI: 10.3322/caac.21870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2024] [Accepted: 10/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2025] Open
Abstract
Poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, such as olaparib, talazoparib, rucaparib, and niraparib, comprise a therapeutic class that targets PARP proteins involved in DNA repair. Cancer cells with homologous recombination repair defects, particularly BRCA alterations, display enhanced sensitivity to these agents because of synthetic lethality induced by PARP inhibitors. These agents have significantly improved survival outcomes across various malignancies, initially gaining regulatory approval in ovarian cancer and subsequently in breast, pancreatic, and prostate cancers in different indications. This review offers a comprehensive clinical overview of PARP inhibitor approvals, emphasizing their efficacy across different cancers based on landmark phase 3 clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chadi Hage Chehade
- Division of Medical OncologyDepartment of Internal MedicineHuntsman Cancer InstituteUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Georges Gebrael
- Division of Medical OncologyDepartment of Internal MedicineHuntsman Cancer InstituteUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Nicolas Sayegh
- Division of Medical OncologyDepartment of Internal MedicineHuntsman Cancer InstituteUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTexasUSA
| | - Zeynep Irem Ozay
- Division of Medical OncologyDepartment of Internal MedicineHuntsman Cancer InstituteUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Arshit Narang
- Division of Medical OncologyDepartment of Internal MedicineHuntsman Cancer InstituteUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Tony Crispino
- UsTOO Prostate Cancer Support and Education Las Vegas ChapterLas VegasNevadaUSA
| | - Talia Golan
- Division of Medical OncologySheba Medical CenterTel Aviv Medical UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Jennifer K. Litton
- Division of Medical OncologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Umang Swami
- Division of Medical OncologyDepartment of Internal MedicineHuntsman Cancer InstituteUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Kathleen N. Moore
- Division of Gynecologic OncologyStephenson Cancer CenterUniversity of OklahomaOklahoma CityOklahomaUSA
| | - Neeraj Agarwal
- Division of Medical OncologyDepartment of Internal MedicineHuntsman Cancer InstituteUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
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Farolfi A, Montanari D, Casadei C, Musolino A. Perspectives, Challenges, and Advances in Therapeutic Strategies for Gynecological Malignant Tumors. Biomedicines 2025; 13:528. [PMID: 40002940 PMCID: PMC11853204 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines13020528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2025] [Revised: 01/14/2025] [Accepted: 02/10/2025] [Indexed: 02/27/2025] Open
Abstract
For years, treatment options for advanced gynecological malignancies have been limited, with the combination of carboplatin and paclitaxel being the preferred first-line therapeutic approach, regardless of disease type [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Farolfi
- Medical Oncology, Breast & GYN Unit, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio Dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Forlì-Cesena, Italy; (D.M.); (A.M.)
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Marmé F, Krieghoff-Henning EI, Kiehl L, Wies C, Hauke J, Hahnen E, Harter P, Schouten PC, Brodkorb T, Kayali M, Heitz F, Zamagni C, González-Martin A, Treilleux I, Kommoss S, Prieske K, Gaiser T, Fröhling S, Ray-Coquard I, Pujade-Lauraine E, Brinker TJ. Predicting benefit from PARP inhibitors using deep learning on H&E-stained ovarian cancer slides. Eur J Cancer 2025; 216:115199. [PMID: 39742559 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2024.115199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2024] [Accepted: 12/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/03/2025]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ovarian cancer patients with a Homologous Recombination Deficiency (HRD) often benefit from polyadenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitor maintenance therapy after response to platinum-based chemotherapy. HR status is currently analyzed via complex molecular tests. Predicting benefit from PARP inhibitors directly on histological whole slide images (WSIs) could be a fast and cheap alternative. PATIENTS AND METHODS We trained a Deep Learning (DL) model on H&E stained WSIs with "shrunken centroid" (SC) based HRD ground truth using the AGO-TR1 cohort (n = 208: 108 training, 100 test) and tested its ability to predict HRD as evaluated by the Myriad classifier and the benefit from olaparib in the PAOLA-1 cohort (n = 447) in a blinded manner. RESULTS In contrast to the HRD prediction AUROC of 72 % on hold-out, our model only yielded an AUROC of 57 % external. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that progression free survival (PFS) in the PARP inhibitor treated PAOLA-1 patients was significantly improved in the HRD positive group as defined by our model, but not in the HRD negative group. PFS improvement in PARP inhibitor-treated patients was substantially longer in our HRD positive group, hinting at a biologically meaningful prediction of benefit from PARP inhibitors. CONCLUSION Together, our results indicate that it might be possible to generate a predictor of benefit from PARP inhibitors based on the DL-mediated analysis of WSIs. However, further studies with larger cohorts and further methodological improvements will be necessary to generate a predictor with clinically useful accuracy across independent patient cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Marmé
- University Hospital Mannheim, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany and DKFZ-Hector Cancer Institute at the University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Eva I Krieghoff-Henning
- Division of Digital Prevention, Diagnostics and Therapy Guidance, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lennard Kiehl
- Division of Digital Prevention, Diagnostics and Therapy Guidance, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Wies
- Division of Digital Prevention, Diagnostics and Therapy Guidance, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Medical Faculty, University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Hauke
- Center for Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
| | - Eric Hahnen
- Center for Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
| | - Philipp Harter
- Ev. Kliniken Essen Mitte, Essen, and Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynäkologische Onkologie (AGO) Studiengruppe, Germany
| | - Philip C Schouten
- Department of Histopathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tobias Brodkorb
- University Hospital Mannheim, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany and DKFZ-Hector Cancer Institute at the University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Mohamad Kayali
- Center for Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
| | - Florian Heitz
- Ev. Kliniken Essen Mitte, Essen, and Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynäkologische Onkologie (AGO) Studiengruppe, Germany
| | - Claudio Zamagni
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-universitaria di Bologna, and MITO, Italy
| | | | | | - Stefan Kommoss
- Department of Women's Health, Tübingen University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katharina Prieske
- Department of Gynecology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Timo Gaiser
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Fröhling
- Institute of Human Genetics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg Germany and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Translational Medical Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelbergg, Germany; National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Eric Pujade-Lauraine
- Association de Recherche sur les CAncers dont GYnécologiques (ARCAGY)-GINECO, Paris, France
| | - Titus J Brinker
- Division of Digital Prevention, Diagnostics and Therapy Guidance, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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Harter P, Marth C, Mouret-Reynier MA, Cropet C, Lorusso D, Guerra-Alía EM, Matsumoto T, Vergote I, Colombo N, Mäenpää J, Lebreton C, de Gregorio N, Mosconi AM, Rubio-Pérez MJ, Bourgeois H, Fasching PA, Cecere SC, Hardy-Bessard AC, Denschlag D, de Percin S, Hanker L, Favier L, Bauerschlag D, Desauw C, Hillemanns P, Largillier R, Sehouli J, Grenier J, Pujade-Lauraine E, Ray-Coquard I. Efficacy of subsequent therapies in patients with advanced ovarian cancer who relapse after first-line olaparib maintenance: results of the PAOLA-1/ENGOT-ov25 trial. Ann Oncol 2025; 36:185-196. [PMID: 39528049 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2024.10.828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2024] [Revised: 10/30/2024] [Accepted: 10/31/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of first-line poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor maintenance therapy is increasing in advanced ovarian cancer. Understanding the efficacy of first subsequent therapy (FST) in patients experiencing disease progression in the first-line setting is important to optimize postprogression treatments. We evaluated the efficacy of FST in patients from PAOLA-1/ENGOT-ov25 (NCT02477644) who received first-line olaparib maintenance. PATIENTS AND METHODS This post hoc analysis evaluated the efficacy of subsequent chemotherapy following disease progression by assessing time from FST to second subsequent therapy (SST) according to whether progression occurred during versus after first-line olaparib maintenance and FST type. A multivariate Cox model was used in the olaparib plus bevacizumab arm to identify prognostic factors influencing the efficacy of subsequent chemotherapy. RESULTS Of 806 randomized patients, 544 (67.5%) progressed and received subsequent chemotherapy. The median time from FST to SST was shorter in patients in the olaparib plus bevacizumab arm who progressed during first-line olaparib maintenance (6.1 months) than in those who progressed after first-line olaparib maintenance (11.4 months). Multivariate analysis indicated that progression after (versus during) first-line olaparib maintenance influenced time from FST to SST (hazard ratio 0.65, 95% confidence interval 0.50-0.84; P = 0.0011) independently of platinum-free interval or clinical risk. Among patients who progressed and received platinum-based chemotherapy with a PARP inhibitor as FST, the efficacy of subsequent therapies was also dependent on whether progression occurred during versus after first-line olaparib maintenance. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the timing of disease progression relative to first-line olaparib maintenance may impact the efficacy of subsequent platinum-based chemotherapy. Although results should be interpreted with caution, across all subgroups, including patients who received platinum-based chemotherapy with PARP inhibitor rechallenge as FST, the median time from FST to SST was longer if progression occurred after versus during first-line olaparib maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Harter
- Department of Gynaecology & Gynaecologic Oncology, Ev. Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany; Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynäkologische Onkologie (AGO) Studiengruppe, Germany
| | - C Marth
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynäkologische Onkologie (AGO-Austria), Austria
| | - M-A Mouret-Reynier
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Groupe d'Investigateurs Nationaux pour l'Etude des Cancers Ovariens (GINECO), France
| | - C Cropet
- Department of Biostatistics, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - D Lorusso
- Istituto Tumori Milano + Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy; Multicenter Italian Trials in Ovarian Cancer and Gynecologic Malignancies (MITO), Italy
| | - E M Guerra-Alía
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain; Grupo Español de Investigación en Cáncer de Ovario (GEICO), Spain
| | - T Matsumoto
- Ehime University Hospital, Toon, Japan; Gynecologic Oncology Trial and Investigation Consortium (GOTIC), Japan
| | - I Vergote
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven Cancer Institute, Belgium; Luxembourg Gynaecological Oncology Group (BGOG), Leuven, Belgium
| | - N Colombo
- University of Milan-Bicocca, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Mario Negri Gynecologic Oncology Group (MANGO), Italy
| | - J Mäenpää
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Cancer Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland; Nordic Society of Gynecologic Oncology (NSGO), Finland
| | - C Lebreton
- Groupe d'Investigateurs Nationaux pour l'Etude des Cancers Ovariens (GINECO), France; Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France
| | - N de Gregorio
- Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynäkologische Onkologie (AGO) Studiengruppe, Germany; Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Klinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, Ulm, SLK-Kliniken Heilbronn GmbH, Heilbronn, Germany
| | - A M Mosconi
- Multicenter Italian Trials in Ovarian Cancer and Gynecologic Malignancies (MITO), Italy; S.C. di Oncologia Medica Osp. S. Maria della Misericordia - AO di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - M J Rubio-Pérez
- Grupo Español de Investigación en Cáncer de Ovario (GEICO), Spain; Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
| | - H Bourgeois
- Groupe d'Investigateurs Nationaux pour l'Etude des Cancers Ovariens (GINECO), France; Medical Oncology Department, Centre Jean Bernard - Clinique Victor Hugo, Le Mans, France
| | - P A Fasching
- Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynäkologische Onkologie (AGO) Studiengruppe, Germany; Gynecology and Obstetrics Translational Medicine, Universitätsfrauenklinik Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - S C Cecere
- Multicenter Italian Trials in Ovarian Cancer and Gynecologic Malignancies (MITO), Italy; Department of Urology and Gynecology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G Pascale', IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - A-C Hardy-Bessard
- Groupe d'Investigateurs Nationaux pour l'Etude des Cancers Ovariens (GINECO), France; Oncologie Médicale, Centre CARIO - HPCA, Plérin Sur Mer, Plérin, France
| | - D Denschlag
- Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynäkologische Onkologie (AGO) Studiengruppe, Germany; Hochtaunuskliniken, Bad Homburg, Germany
| | - S de Percin
- Groupe d'Investigateurs Nationaux pour l'Etude des Cancers Ovariens (GINECO), France; APHP - Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - L Hanker
- Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynäkologische Onkologie (AGO) Studiengruppe, Germany; Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Klinik für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Universitätsklinikum Münster, Klinik für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe, Münster, Germany
| | - L Favier
- Groupe d'Investigateurs Nationaux pour l'Etude des Cancers Ovariens (GINECO), France; Centre Georges François Leclerc, Dijon, France
| | - D Bauerschlag
- Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynäkologische Onkologie (AGO) Studiengruppe, Germany; Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Klinik für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - C Desauw
- Groupe d'Investigateurs Nationaux pour l'Etude des Cancers Ovariens (GINECO), France; Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - P Hillemanns
- Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynäkologische Onkologie (AGO) Studiengruppe, Germany; Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Klinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, Hannover, Germany
| | - R Largillier
- Groupe d'Investigateurs Nationaux pour l'Etude des Cancers Ovariens (GINECO), France; Centre Azuréen de Cancérologie, Mougins, France
| | - J Sehouli
- Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynäkologische Onkologie (AGO) Studiengruppe, Germany; Charité - Campus-Virchow-Klinikum, Department of Gynecology with Center of Oncological Surgery Berlin, Frauenklinik, Berlin, Germany
| | - J Grenier
- Groupe d'Investigateurs Nationaux pour l'Etude des Cancers Ovariens (GINECO), France; Institut du cancer Avignon-Provence, Avignon, Paris
| | - E Pujade-Lauraine
- Groupe d'Investigateurs Nationaux pour l'Etude des Cancers Ovariens (GINECO), France; Association de Recherche Cancers Gynécologiques (ARCAGY) Research, Paris
| | - I Ray-Coquard
- Groupe d'Investigateurs Nationaux pour l'Etude des Cancers Ovariens (GINECO), France; Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Berard, Lyon, France.
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Hunt A, Ditri D, Chadha A, Keogh G, Thompson J, Loughborough W, McNeish I, Krell J, McDermott J, Tookman L, Ghaem-Maghami S. Homologous recombination deficiency testing in patients with high grade ovarian cancer: factors influencing test success. Future Oncol 2025; 21:341-347. [PMID: 39611711 PMCID: PMC11792859 DOI: 10.1080/14796694.2024.2433412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2024] [Accepted: 11/20/2024] [Indexed: 11/30/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Testing for tumor BRCA mutations and homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) is recommended for all patients with advanced high-grade epithelial ovarian cancer. Delays in the HRD testing process can significantly affect the treatment offered to patients. METHODS HRD testing pathways and sampling processes were analyzed for tests sent from a tertiary gynae-oncology referral center between December 2020 and January 2023. RESULTS A total of 148 hRD tests were performed in 125 patients. The overall success rate of HRD testing was 69.6%. The success rates of obtaining results were: from diagnostic image-guided biopsy 66.7% (n = 40/60), at primary surgery 91.5% (n = 42/47), and at interval debulking surgery 51.2% (n = 21/41). The use of a larger 16-gauge needle used at image-guided biopsy produced a 100% success rate. Of 148 tests carried out, the median time for result was 28 days (range 14-158 days), with only 27% returned results in 21 or fewer days. In successful tests, 44.7% were classified as HRD-positive. 97% of patients with HRD-positive tumors treated at the center received a PARP inhibitor as part of their first-line maintenance treatment. CONCLUSIONS By optimizing the factors affecting HRD test success, we can obtain faster results and offer patients appropriate treatment at earlier time points to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashton Hunt
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Daria Ditri
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ankit Chadha
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Georgina Keogh
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Jack Thompson
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Iain McNeish
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jonathan Krell
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jacqueline McDermott
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Laura Tookman
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Sadaf Ghaem-Maghami
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Bogani G, Moore KN, Ray-Coquard I, Lorusso D, Matulonis UA, Ledermann JA, González-Martín A, Kurtz JE, Pujade-Lauraine E, Scambia G, Caruso G, Raspagliesi F, Colombo N, Monk BJ. Incorporating immune checkpoint inhibitors in epithelial ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2025; 193:30-40. [PMID: 39764856 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2024.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2024] [Revised: 11/08/2024] [Accepted: 12/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2025]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Therapeutic interventions for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) have increased greatly over the last decade but improvements outside of biomarker selected therapies have been limited. There remains a pressing need for more effective treatment options that can prolong survival and enhance the quality of life of patients with EOC. In contrast to the significant benefits of immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (CPI) seen in many solid tumors, initial experience in EOC suggests limited efficacy of CPIs monotherapy. METHODS A systematic review of phase III studies testing the role of CPIs in ovarian cancer was performed. RESULTS Seven randomized trials testing CPIs in newly diagnosed (n = 3) and recurrent (n = 4) EOC are evaluated. Overall, those trials included data of 5671 patients. Single-agent PD-L1 inhibitor trials have not shown significant efficacy in newly diagnosed ovarian cancer. Triplet maintenance with bevacizumab plus olaparib and durvalumab is associated with longer progression-free survival than maintenance with bevacizumab alone in patients without tumor BRCA mutations. CPIs were not effective in platinum-sensitive (n = 1031) and platinum-resistant (n = 1420) EOC. CONCLUSIONS The value of adding CPI to standard treatment including poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors with or without bevacizumab remains unclear and is being addressed in ongoing clinical trials. The combination of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitors may enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy in EOC and studies are underway to investigate the combination of CPI with other emerging treatment modalities. PROSPERO registration ID: CRD42024536017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Bogani
- Deaprtment of Gynecologic Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Kathleen N Moore
- Stephenson Cancer Center at the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center/Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Oklahoma City, OK, United States.
| | - Isabelle Ray-Coquard
- Centre Anticancereux Léon Bérard, University Claude Bernard Lyon, GINECO Group, Lyon, France.
| | - Domenica Lorusso
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Humanitas San Pio X, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy.
| | - Ursula A Matulonis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States of America.
| | | | - Antonio González-Martín
- Medical Oncology Department, Translational Oncology Group, CIMA, Universidad de Navarra, Cancer Center Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Madrid, and Grupo Español de Investigación en Cáncer ginecológicO (GEICO), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jean-Emmanuel Kurtz
- Department of Medical and Surgical Oncology & Hematology, ICANS, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Eric Pujade-Lauraine
- Association de Recherche Cancers Gynécologiques (ARCAGY)-Groupe d'Investigateurs Nationaux pour l'Etude des Cancers Ovariens (GINECO), Paris, France; GINECO, Paris, France.
| | - Giovanni Scambia
- Department of Woman's and Child Health and Public Health Sciences, Gynecologic Oncology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Caruso
- Department of Gynecology, European Institute of Oncology, IEO, IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesco Raspagliesi
- Deaprtment of Gynecologic Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Nicoletta Colombo
- Gynecology Program, European Institute of Oncology, IEO, IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
| | - Bradley J Monk
- GOG Foundation, Florida Cancer Specialists and Research Institute, West Palm Beach, FL 33401, United States of America.
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50
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Shi Y, Zhu S, Shan J, Xu Y. Disease-free survival of 15 years after primary surgery in a patient with advanced high-grade serous ovarian cancer: a case report and literature review. Front Oncol 2025; 15:1468196. [PMID: 39931084 PMCID: PMC11807797 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2025.1468196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2025] [Indexed: 02/13/2025] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer, particularly high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC), is the most lethal gynecological tumor, with most patients experiencing recurrence within 5 years. Long-term survival in HGSOC patients with advanced stages is exceedingly rare. Case summary We report a case of advanced HGSOC with exceptional long-term recurrence-free survival following initial treatment. In June 2009, the patient underwent suboptimal cytoreductive surgery for stage IIIC ovarian cancer, including total hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, omentectomy, appendectomy, and resection of mesenteric and peritoneal lesions. Postoperatively, residual lesions were observed in the mesenteries and para-aortic lymph nodes. Despite unfavorable prognostic factors (advanced stage, aggressive pathology, and incomplete resection), the patient showed remarkable chemosensitivity, remaining recurrence-free for 15 years. Conclusion The factors influencing long-term survival in HGSOC patients are not yet fully understood. We present this rare case to contribute data for further studies on long-term survival in advanced HGSOC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yuhong Xu
- Department of Gynecology, Shaoxing People’s Hospital,
Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
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