1
|
Agnieszka S, Dominika C, Aleksandra K, Sabina B, Katarzyna B, Klaudia F, Arkadiusz U, Anna O. Olfactory performance and odor liking are negatively associated with food neophobia in children aged between 3 and 9 years. Nutr J 2024; 23:105. [PMID: 39261883 PMCID: PMC11389506 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-024-01011-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Child food neophobia, i.e., rejection or avoidance of novel foods at a young age, is a prevalent nutrition problem that affects the quality of children's diet and impedes the development of healthy food preferences. Sensory sensitivity can relate to the degree of food neophobia, but previous studies rarely focused on the olfactory component of this problem in children. OBJECTIVE We aimed to thoroughly examine the relationship between various aspects of olfactory sensitivity and food neophobia in children. METHODS 246 children aged between three and nine years took part in a food neophobia assessment as well as in a comprehensive, psychophysical olfactory testing. RESULTS We found that certain smell perception aspects such as lower odor liking, poorer odor identification ability as well as lower sensitivity to an unknown non-food odor all significantly predicted higher food neophobia in children. Among individual characteristics of either a child or a caregiver, only the child's age significantly and positively predicted food neophobia. The exploratory model looking into the role of family environment factors predicting self-reported food neophobia in children revealed that food neophobia was associated with lower control given to a child in this child's feeding process, as well as with a more frequent use of food as a reward in feeding. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that suppressed olfactory perception and performance can play a unique role in child nutritional difficulties. The study inspires further considerations of olfaction-engaging interventions to counteract food-neophobia in children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sorokowska Agnieszka
- Institute of Psychology, University of Wroclaw, ul. Dawida 1, Wroclaw, 50-527, Poland.
| | - Chabin Dominika
- Institute of Psychology, University of Wroclaw, ul. Dawida 1, Wroclaw, 50-527, Poland
| | - Kamieńska Aleksandra
- Institute of Psychology, University of Wroclaw, ul. Dawida 1, Wroclaw, 50-527, Poland
| | - Barszcz Sabina
- Institute of Psychology, University of Wroclaw, ul. Dawida 1, Wroclaw, 50-527, Poland
| | - Byczyńska Katarzyna
- Institute of Psychology, University of Wroclaw, ul. Dawida 1, Wroclaw, 50-527, Poland
| | - Fuławka Klaudia
- Institute of Psychology, University of Wroclaw, ul. Dawida 1, Wroclaw, 50-527, Poland
| | - Urbanek Arkadiusz
- Institute of Pedagogy, University of Wroclaw, ul. Dawida 1, Wroclaw, 50-527, Poland
| | - Oleszkiewicz Anna
- Institute of Psychology, University of Wroclaw, ul. Dawida 1, Wroclaw, 50-527, Poland
- Smell and Taste Clinic, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Prescott J, Spinelli S. Arousal and the modulation of sensory experience: evidence from food-related emotions. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230255. [PMID: 39005029 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Across sensory systems, several stimulus collative characteristics, including intensity, novelty, complexity and perceived dangerousness, are known to elicit high levels of physiological and psychological arousal. It has become apparent that food rejections by both children and adults are frequently linked to such arousal-inducing characteristics. This paper examines how arousal and arousability are important elements in responding to stimuli generally, but specifically to foods, ultimately influencing food preferences and choices. It is clear that responses to sensory properties are subject not just to variations in perceptual sensitivity due to genetics or experience-as in the case of widely rejected qualities such as bitterness or pungency-but also to the arousal potential of those stimuli. Moreover, this is linked to various enduring aspects of personality, suggesting that the impact of arousal on food choices is merely one aspect of a more general sensory sensitivity. The impact of diet on various health outcomes underlines the importance of understanding the relationship of arousal to food choices. This article is part of the theme issue 'Sensing and feeling: an integrative approach to sensory processing and emotional experience'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Prescott
- Psychology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie, Alimentari, Ambientali e Forestali, Università degli Studi di Firenze, 50144 Firenze, Italy
| | - Sara Spinelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie, Alimentari, Ambientali e Forestali, Università degli Studi di Firenze, 50144 Firenze, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Di Nucci A, Pilloni S, Scognamiglio U, Rossi L. Adherence to Mediterranean Diet and Food Neophobia Occurrence in Children: A Study Carried out in Italy. Nutrients 2023; 15:5078. [PMID: 38140336 PMCID: PMC10746015 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Food Neophobia (FN), defined as the reluctance to eat new or unfamiliar foods, mainly concerns fruit, vegetables, and legumes, typical of the Mediterranean Diet (MD). Considering these premises, this study aimed to clarify the relationship between FN and AMD in a sample of Italian children and their association with some socio-demographic factors and children's nutritional status. A sample of 288 children aged 3-11 years participated in an assessment carried out with a questionnaire evaluating FN and AMD, respectively, with the Child Food Neophobia Scale (CFNS) and the KIDMED test. Most of the sample showed an intermediate (67.3%) or high level of FN (18.1%), with high rates among 6-11-year-old children (63.9%) and especially in those who were the only child (50%). The AMD was mostly low (29.5%) or medium (54.8%) and reached lower levels among higher neophobic children (51.9%; p value < 0.05). The present results confirm the study hypothesis that FN is a driver of MD abandonment and shows the positive effects on children's eating habits and siblings. Finally, this study proves the relevance of adopting effective feeding strategies against FN to avoid its maintenance in adulthood and the detrimental effects on future overall health and well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Di Nucci
- Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Italian National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Simone Pilloni
- CREA Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, 00178 Rome, Italy; (S.P.); (U.S.)
| | - Umberto Scognamiglio
- CREA Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, 00178 Rome, Italy; (S.P.); (U.S.)
| | - Laura Rossi
- CREA Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, 00178 Rome, Italy; (S.P.); (U.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Białek-Dratwa A, Kowalski O. Infant Complementary Feeding Methods and Subsequent Occurrence of Food Neophobia-A Cross-Sectional Study of Polish Children Aged 2-7 Years. Nutrients 2023; 15:4590. [PMID: 37960243 PMCID: PMC10648584 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Food neophobia is standard behaviour in child development. It is a complex process and occurs to varying degrees. The symptoms of neophobia can be variable depending on the individual. Food neophobia is a fear of new foods, whereby difficulties in eating and trying unfamiliar foods follow. It is one of the more vital determinants of the number of meals consumed at a young age. Such a process is not a disorder in itself but can lead to one. The highest severity of neophobia occurs between the ages of two and six, but in some children, it lasts beyond age 6. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of food neophobia among children aged 2-7 years, taking into account the method of complementary feeding, the length of breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding, the period of introduction of complementary foods, and the use of the BLW method during the period of dietary expansion. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study used an anonymous survey questionnaire consisting of five parts as the research tool. The first part of the questionnaire was a metric and concerned the socio-demographic data of the parent/guardian and their child. A standardised questionnaire assessing food neophobia among children was used to assess food neophobia: the Food Neophobia Scale-Children (FNSC). RESULTS In the study group, 171 children (29.23%) had a low risk of food neophobia according to the FNSC, 182 children (31.11%) had a medium risk of neophobia, and 232 children (39.66%) had a high risk of neophobia. A correlation was observed between the age and the risk of food neophobia (p = 0.0002). Statistically significant differences were found between children aged 2 and 4 (p = 0.003) and children aged 2 and 5 years (p = 0.049). We observed no correlation between gagging (p = 0.88557), choking (p = 0.17597), and needing medical intervention (p = 0.61427) and the risk of associated neophobia. CONCLUSION In the study group of children, the highest risk of food neophobia was characterized by children aged 4, 5, and 7 years. The length of breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding did not affect the risk of food neophobia. In the month in which complementary feeding (CF) was introduced, the children were fed using the baby-led weaning method (BLW method), and introducing puree and puree with lump food into the children's diet also did not affect the risk of food neophobia. It was shown, however, that children whose mothers observed difficulties during CF and whose children had a vomiting reflex and spat food out of their mouths during CF were more likely to develop food neophobia at the preschool age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Białek-Dratwa
- Department of Human Nutrition, Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Oskar Kowalski
- Department of Human Nutrition, Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
- Department of Cardiology, Congenital Heart Diseases and Electrotherapy, Silesian Center for Heart Diseases, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
del Campo C, Bouzas C, Monserrat-Mesquida M, Tur JA. Assessing Food Preferences and Neophobias among Spanish Adolescents from Castilla-La Mancha. Foods 2023; 12:3717. [PMID: 37893610 PMCID: PMC10606373 DOI: 10.3390/foods12203717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Food neophobia is a reaction of dislike or fear of food, which may be due to a wide variety of factors (taste, texture, exposure at an early age, genetics, or diversity in feeding practices and food consumption). The aim of this study was to assess the preferences for tastes and foods and food neophobias among Spanish adolescents and to compare the differences between boys and girls. This was a cross-sectional observational study on 11-18-year-old healthy adolescents (n = 600; 50% female) recruited in the Castilla-La Mancha region (central Spain). Information on taste preferences, food neophobias, anthropometric measurements, and sociodemographic data was recorded. The highest taste preference was found for sweet, salty, and umami. Most adolescents usually did not try new foods outside the home, nor did they like to try foods from other countries. More than half of them also acknowledged being selective eaters or were very particular about the foods they ate. There were no significant associations between taste preference and neophobias with obesity, waist-to-height ratio (WtHR), sleep, and smoking. Adolescents showed a high unwillingness to change food habits, and most of the food neophobias found in the current study were related to new, novel, or previously unknown foods. Spanish adolescents from central Spain (Castilla-La Mancha region) showed a preference for sweet, salty, and umami tastes of foods, as well as food neophobia towards foods that they do not regularly consume, mainly those with a bitter taste. Gender and body weight showed little influence, and age had a moderate influence on food neophobias. Familiarity with foods, as well as educational activities, are suggested as useful to decrease food neophobias among adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen del Campo
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Cristina Bouzas
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Margalida Monserrat-Mesquida
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Josep A. Tur
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang X, Zhou Q, Vivor NK, Liu W, Cao J, Wang S. Sequential mediation of early temperament and eating behaviors in the pathways from feeding practices to childhood overweight and obesity. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1122645. [PMID: 37766743 PMCID: PMC10520502 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1122645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Childhood eating behaviors and temperament may have important implication for constructing the pathways from maternal feeding practices to childhood overweight and obesity (OW/OB). Examining multiple feeding styles simultaneously to childhood OW/OB is critical through the mediators of early childhood temperament and eating behaviors. Methods This cross-sectional study recruited mothers mainly responsible for child care from two hospitals and two healthcare centers in eastern China. Sociodemographic characteristics, and data from the Infant Feeding Style Questionnaire (IFSQ), the short form of Children Behavior Questionnaire [Revised (IBQ-RSF)], and the Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire for toddler (CEBQ-T) were collected. Weight and recumbent length were measured to calculate the age- and sex-specific body mass index (BMI) z-scores (BMIz). The structural equation modeling (SEM) approach was used to examine direct and indirect pathways from five maternal feeding styles to childhood OW/OB through temperament and eating behaviors. Results A total of 486 children were recruited, 73 (15.02%) children were OW/OB; the age of the children was 14.55 (SD = 5.14) months, and the age of the mothers was 29.90 (SD = 3.63) years. The responsive feeding exerted significant direct (β = -0.098), indirect (β = -0.136) and total (β = -0.234) effects on childhood OW/OB. Restrictive feeding had significant direct (β = 0.222), indirect (β = 0.102) and total (β = 0.324) effects on childhood OW/OB. Indulgent feeding had significant direct (β = 0.220), indirect (β = 0.063), and total (β = 0.283) effects on childhood OW/OB. Pressuring feeding had significant direct (β = -0.116), indirect (β = -0.096) and total (β = -0.212) effects on childhood OW/OB. Discussion There was a direct effect of feeding practices on childhood OW/OB; feeding practices indirectly predicted childhood OW/OB through temperament and eating behaviors in children aged 6-23 months. This study could help governments agencies, policymakers, and healthcare workers to establish optimal intervention programs targeting feeding practices through childhood eating behaviors and temperament to prevent childhood OW/OB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoning Zhang
- School of Nursing, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory for Research in Early Development and Childcare, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- School of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Qiong Zhou
- Department of Medical Nursing, Union Technical Institute, Lianyungang Subbranch of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - Wei Liu
- School of Nursing, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junli Cao
- School of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- School of Nursing, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tauriello S, Moding K, Aronoff N, Kubiniec E, Anzman-Frasca S. Examining links between child temperament and feeding, eating, and weight outcomes: An updated systematic review of the literature. Eat Behav 2023; 49:101739. [PMID: 37209569 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2023.101739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Weight outcomes have been associated with child temperament, defined as individual differences in reactivity and self-regulation. The current systematic review aims to provide an updated summary of the evidence linking temperamental negative reactivity, surgency, and regulation superfactors to early childhood feeding, eating, and weight outcomes. METHODS PubMed, PsycINFO and Embase databases, as well as scientific meeting programs, were searched using keywords and subject headings. Publication dates were limited to 2012-2019 as prior reviews were published in 2012 and 2014. Identified studies were eligible if they included children ages 0-5 years, a measure of child temperament, and a measure of parent/caregiver feeding, child eating, or child weight. 7113 studies were identified and 121 met inclusion criteria. RESULTS Feeding, eating, and weight outcomes were largely unrelated to overarching negative reactivity, surgency, and effortful control superfactors. Examination of individual temperament dimensions suggested difficult temperament was frequently linked to non-responsive feeding practices, whereas elevated emotionality and decreased self-regulation were linked to maladaptive eating behaviors, and lower inhibitory control to adiposity. Analyses with infants reported greater percentages of significant associations compared to children, and cross-sectional studies generally reported fewer significant associations than other study designs. CONCLUSIONS Difficult temperament, greater emotionality and lower self-regulation and inhibitory control were the aspects of temperament most consistently related to poorer early childhood feeding, eating, and weight outcomes. Associations tended to be stronger in infancy, and when examined within a non-cross-sectional study design. Findings can inform the development of tailored efforts to promote healthy eating and growth throughout childhood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Tauriello
- Department of Pediatrics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States of America
| | - Kameron Moding
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Nell Aronoff
- University Libraries, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Kubiniec
- Department of Pediatrics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States of America
| | - Stephanie Anzman-Frasca
- Department of Pediatrics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States of America; Center for Ingestive Behavior Research, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Russell CG, Burnett AJ, Lee J, Russell A, Jansen E. Measurement is the foundation of research and theory on children's eating behaviours: Current issues and directions for progress. Appetite 2023; 186:106546. [PMID: 36958633 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.106546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Eating behaviours affect food intakes and are involved in the aetiology of obesity. There has been impetus to translate findings about children's eating behaviour into intervention and policy programs. However, measurement limitations have hindered our capacity to understand and influence children's eating behaviours. In the present paper we provide an overview of some of the key methodological and measurement issues facing the field of children's eating behaviours and highlight implications for research and health promotion. Drawing on insight from parallel issues that occur in the measurement of early social and emotional development, we examine two overlapping themes in children's (aged 0-∼12 years) eating behaviours (Somaraki et al., 2021) measurement issues related to validity and reliability, and (Steinsbekk & Wichstrøm, 2015) associated methodological challenges, such as contextual influences and the importance of designing studies that use multiple informants and multiple methods. We then suggest insights and strategies aimed at advancing approaches to measurement of children's eating behaviours. To progress our understanding of children's eating behaviours, we conclude that a range of psychometrically sound, fit-for-purpose measurement instruments and procedures are needed for use in multi-trait, multi-method, multi-informant studies in a range of populations and contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C G Russell
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - A J Burnett
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - J Lee
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; CASS Food Research Centre, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - A Russell
- Flinders University, College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - E Jansen
- Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Russell A, Jansen E, Burnett AJ, Lee J, Russell CG. Children's eating behaviours and related constructs: conceptual and theoretical foundations and their implications. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2023; 20:19. [PMID: 36793039 PMCID: PMC9933409 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-023-01407-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a substantial body of research on children's eating behaviours (e.g., food responsiveness and fussiness) and related constructs (e.g., eating in the absence of hunger, appetite self-regulation). This research provides a foundation for understanding children's dietary intakes and healthy eating behaviours, as well as efforts at intervention, whether in relation to food avoidance, overeating and/or trajectories to excess weight gain. The success of these efforts and their associated outcomes is dependent on the theoretical foundation and conceptual clarity of the behaviours and constructs. This, in turn contributes to the coherence and precision of the definitions and measurement of these behaviours and constructs. Limited clarity in these areas ultimately creates uncertainty around the interpretation of findings from research studies and intervention programs. At present there does not appear to be an overarching theoretical framework of children's eating behaviours and associated constructs, or for separate domains of children's eating behaviours/constructs. The main purpose of the present review was to examine the possible theoretical foundations of some of the main current questionnaire and behavioural measures of children's eating behaviours and related constructs. METHODS We reviewed the literature on the most prominent measures of children's eating behaviours for use with children aged ~ 0-12 years. We focused on the explanations and justifications for the original design of the measures and whether these included theoretical perspectives, as well as current theoretical interpretations (and difficulties) of the behaviours and constructs. RESULTS We found that the most commonly used measures had their foundations in relatively applied or practical concerns rather than theoretical perspectives. CONCLUSIONS We concluded, consistent with Lumeng & Fisher (1), that although existing measures have served the field well, to advance the field as a science, and better contribute to knowledge development, increased attention should be directed to the conceptual and theoretical foundations of children's eating behaviours and related constructs. Suggestions for future directions are outlined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan Russell
- grid.1014.40000 0004 0367 2697College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia Australia
| | - Elena Jansen
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Alissa J. Burnett
- grid.1021.20000 0001 0526 7079Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Jookyeong Lee
- grid.1021.20000 0001 0526 7079Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia ,grid.1021.20000 0001 0526 7079CASS Food Research Centre, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Catherine G. Russell
- grid.1021.20000 0001 0526 7079Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Luo W, Cai Q, Chen R, Yin Y, Sun XX, Cai YP, Song HZ, Zhang YR, Liao Y. The Chinese version of the child food neophobia scale and its reliability and validity in preschool children. J Pediatr Nurs 2022; 69:1-5. [PMID: 36584591 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2022.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To translate the English version Child Food Neophobia Scale (CFNS) into the Chinese version and test its reliability and validity in preschool children. METHODS To create the Chinese version of the CFNS, it was translated, back-translated, and cross-culturally adapted. The use of the Chinese version of CFNS by 575 parents of preschool children in two kindergartens in Yangzhou City was investigated using cluster sampling to assess the reliability and validity of the scale. RESULTS The Chinese version of CFNS has nine items in total. The scale-level average content validity index (S-CVI/Ave) is 0.983. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) extracted 2 common factors, and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 49.437%. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) showed that the 2-factor model was well fitted. The Cronbach'α coefficient of the scale was 0.759, the Cronbach'α coefficients of the two factors were 0.735 and 0.713, the split-half reliability was 0.788, and the test-retest reliability was 0.756. CONCLUSION The Chinese version of the Child Food Neophobia Scale has good reliability and validity in preschool children and can be used as an assessment tool for food neophobia in preschool children in China. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS This study has gone through a rigorous translation process, and the CFNS may support future exploration of food neophobia in preschool children. Food allergy factors in the results may be the next step in the research, and several studies are still needed to understand the relationship between food allergy and food neophobia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Luo
- School of Nursing, School of public health, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Cai
- School of Nursing, School of public health, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rong Chen
- School of Nursing, School of public health, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Yin
- School of Nursing, School of public health, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin-Xin Sun
- School of Nursing, School of public health, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ye-Peng Cai
- School of Nursing, School of public health, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui-Zi Song
- School of Nursing, School of public health, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi-Ran Zhang
- School of Nursing, School of public health, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuexia Liao
- School of Nursing, School of public health, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Di Nucci A, Scognamiglio U, Grant F, Rossi L. The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on food habits and neophobia in children in the framework of the family context and parents' behaviors: A study in an Italian central region. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1070388. [PMID: 36570161 PMCID: PMC9772991 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1070388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This paper aims to evaluate whether changes in lifestyle and eating habits resulting from the Covid-19 emergency have influenced the post-pandemic level of food neophobia and in children living in an Italian central region. Methods A sample of 99 children took part in a retrospective assessment carried out with a self-administrated questionnaire. Pre and post-pandemic evaluation of eating habits, physical activity, and lifestyle indicators was carried out. Food neophobia was evaluated following the Child Food Neophobia Scale (CFNS). Descriptive statistics were produced. A contingency analysis was performed to check associations between variables. Results For a large part of the sample (97%) the selective food refusal did not change during the pandemic period. About 70% of participants did not change their eating habits, with some subgroups reporting an increase in the consumption of fruits (22.2%), vegetables (19.2%), and legumes (21.2%). Relevantly the impact of the pandemic on the sedentary attitude passed from 25.3 to 70.7%. Neophobia was not associated with ponderal status (p-value 0.5). However, in normal-weight children, a high prevalence of intermediate-level neophobia (78.4%) was found. 39.4% of the studied children were involved in meal preparation during social isolation, with an increase in the proportion of children that shared all meals with their family (32.3% vs. 78.8%). Non-coercive parent behaviors in reaction to food refusal were associated with low levels of neophobia (p-value < 0.05). Discussion In this sample, for the effect of parents' attitudes, the pandemic positively affected children's food habits and, consequently, the level of neophobia after the social restrictions. The main implication of the study is the importance of capitalizing on the period of restrictions in order to involve children in meal sharing and food preparation.
Collapse
|
12
|
Foinant D, Lafraire J, Thibaut JP. Tears for pears: Influence of children’s neophobia on categorization performance and strategy in the food domain. Front Nutr 2022; 9:951890. [PMID: 36211481 PMCID: PMC9533737 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.951890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Preschoolers’ neophobic dispositions mainly target fruits and vegetables. They received a great deal of attention in the past decades as these dispositions represent the main psychological barrier to dietary variety. Recently, children’s food neophobia has been found to be negatively correlated with their categorization performance (i.e., the accuracy to discriminate between food categories). We investigated categorization strategies among neophobic children, tendencies to favor one type of error over the other (misses over false alarms), in order to compensate for their poor categorization performance. To capture children’s categorization strategies, we used the Signal Detection Theory framework. A first experiment assessed 120 3-to-6-years old children’ sensitivity to discriminate between foods and nonfoods as well as their decision criterion (i.e., response strategy). In a second experiment, we manipulated the influence of food processing. The hypothesis was that food processing acts as a sign of human interventions that decreases uncertainty about edibility and thus promotes feelings of safety in the food domain. 137 children were tested on a food versus nonfood categorization task contrasting whole and sliced stimuli. In both experiments, increased levels of food neophobia were significantly associated with poorer categorization sensitivity and with a more conservative decision criterion (i.e., favoring “it is inedible” errors). Additionally, results from Experiment 2 revealed that food processing did not influence neophobic children, whereas their neophilic counterparts adopted a more liberal decision criterion for sliced stimuli than for whole stimuli. These findings are the first demonstration of a relationship between a decision criterion and food neophobia in young children. These results have strong implications for theories of food neophobia and laid the groundwork for designing novel types of food education interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Damien Foinant
- LEAD – CNRS UMR-5022, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
- Institut Paul Bocuse Research Center, Écully, France
- *Correspondence: Damien Foinant,
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Fisher JO, Hughes SO, Miller AL, Horodynski MA, Brophy-Herb HE, Contreras DA, Kaciroti N, Peterson KE, Rosenblum KL, Appugliese D, Lumeng JC. Characteristics of eating behavior profiles among preschoolers with low-income backgrounds: a person-centered analysis. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2022; 19:91. [PMID: 35870976 PMCID: PMC9308918 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-022-01323-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individual differences in eating behaviors among young children are well-established, but the extent to which behaviors aggregate within individuals to form distinct eating behavior profiles remains unknown. Our objectives were to identify eating behavior profiles among preschool-aged children and evaluate associations with temperament and weight. METHODS A secondary, cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from 2 cohort studies was conducted involving 1004 children aged 3-4 years and their parents with low-income backgrounds. Children's eating behaviors and temperament were assessed by parental report. Body mass index z-scores and weight status were calculated using measured heights and weights. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to generate profiles and bivariate analyses were used to evaluate associations with temperament and weight status. RESULTS LPA revealed the presence of 3 eating behavior profiles among children. Children with High Food Approach profiles (21.2%) had lower temperamental inhibitory control and the highest percent of children with obesity relative to the other profiles. Children with High Food Avoidant profiles (35.6%) had lower temperamental impulsivity and lower BMI z-scores relative to the other profiles, whereas children with Moderate Eating profiles (intermediary levels of all behaviors; 43.2%) had higher temperamental inhibitory control and lower anger/frustration, than other profiles. CONCLUSIONS Young children's eating behaviors appear to aggregate within individuals to form empirically distinct profiles reflecting food approach, food avoidance, and moderate approaches to eating that are differentiated by aspects of temperament and weight. Future work should seek to understand the extent to which health promotion and obesity prevention approaches should be tailored to take into account children's fundamental dispositions towards eating.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Orlet Fisher
- Center for Obesity Research and Education, College of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Sheryl O Hughes
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alison L Miller
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Holly E Brophy-Herb
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Dawn A Contreras
- Health and Nutrition Institute, Michigan State University Extension, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Niko Kaciroti
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Karen E Peterson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | | | - Julie C Lumeng
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Foinant D, Lafraire J, Thibaut JP. Relationships between executive functions and food rejection dispositions in young children. Appetite 2022; 176:106102. [PMID: 35660076 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the associations between the two main kinds of food rejection, neophobia and pickiness, and executive functions in young children. Caregivers of children (n = 240) aged 3-6 years completed measures of their children's food neophobia and pickiness. A battery of tests measured children's executive functions and world knowledge. Children with higher levels of neophobia and pickiness had lower cognitive flexibility scores than children with lower levels of food rejection. Moreover, the association between food neophobia and cognitive flexibility was stronger than the association between food pickiness and cognitive flexibility. Working memory, inhibition, and world knowledge were not related to children's food rejection. These findings unraveled for the first time the negative relationship between cognitive flexibility and the main psychological barriers to dietary variety. These results contribute to a better understanding of the set of cognitive factors that are associated with food rejection in young children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Damien Foinant
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LEAD - CNRS UMR-5022, Dijon, France; Institut Paul Bocuse Research Center, Ecully, France.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lee J, Keast R, Russell CG. The biological foundations of children’s food fussiness: Systematic review with narrative synthesis. Food Qual Prefer 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2021.104477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
16
|
Food Neophobia among Brazilian Children: Prevalence and Questionnaire Score Development. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14020975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to create and validate a score to classify food neophobia among Brazilian children (from the ages of 4 to 11 years) and investigate the prevalence of food neophobia. This descriptive cross-sectional population-based study is conducted following three steps: (i) the application of an instrument to identify food neophobia in Brazilian children by their caregivers; (ii) the instrument’s score definition; and (iii) the evaluation and characterization of the national prevalence of food neophobia among Brazilian children. The scores were categorized into three levels, based on the tertial approximation: low, moderate, and high. The study had 1112 participants, and the prevalence of high food neophobia was observed in 33.4% of Brazilian children. The prevalence of food neophobia allowed us to identify this behavior in Brazilian children and better understand the population. Boys were significantly more neophobic than girls. The general neophobia score and domains did not significantly differ between Brazilian regions and age groups. It is worrying that food neophobia did not decrease with advancing age. The score for the complete instrument with 25 items, or the 3 domains, makes its use practical. It can be used to assess neophobia with more caution, evaluate the most neophobic children, and enable more targeted professional interventions to promote healthier and sustainable eating habits.
Collapse
|
17
|
Jaeger SR, Chheang SL, Prescott J. Variations in the Strength of Association between Food Neophobia and Food and Beverage Acceptability: A Data-Driven Exploratory Study of an Arousal Hypothesis. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103657. [PMID: 34684658 PMCID: PMC8540144 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The negative impact of food neophobia (FN) on food and beverage (F&B) liking extends beyond foods and beverages that are novel. In addition, F&Bs that are high in flavour intensity, perceived as dangerous, or have connections to other cultures are likely to elicit rejection by those high in FN. Each of these factors have been established as producing increased arousal, potentially to an unpleasant degree. The aim of this study was to explore the hypothesis that increased arousal underlies all causes of rejection due to FN. To do this, we analysed and interpreted existing data based on online surveys that measured FN and liking for a broad range of F&B names from 8906 adult consumers in the USA, United Kingdom, Australia, Germany and Denmark. Negative associations between FN and liking of varying strengths were evident for 90% of the F&Bs. Consistent with the arousal hypothesis, F&Bs (a) with high flavour intensity, whether produced by chilli, other spices, or flavours, (b) from other cultures, (c) often perceived as dangerous, or (d) that were novel or had novel ingredients showed the strongest negative relationships between FN and liking. Conversely, F&Bs whose liking scores were only very weakly related to FN had low arousal characteristics: high familiarity, sweetness, mild flavours, strong connections to national food cultures, or some combination of these factors. Since this study was exploratory and conducted on existing data, there was no direct measure of arousal, but this is recommended for future, stronger tests of this arousal hypothesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara R. Jaeger
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Mt Albert Research Centre, Auckland 1003, New Zealand; (S.R.J.); (S.L.C.)
| | - Sok L. Chheang
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Mt Albert Research Centre, Auckland 1003, New Zealand; (S.R.J.); (S.L.C.)
| | - John Prescott
- TasteMatters Research & Consulting, Sydney, NSW 1230, Australia
- Department DAGRI, University of Florence, 50144 Florence, Italy
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Low adherence to traditional dietary pattern and food preferences of low-income preschool children with food neophobia. Public Health Nutr 2021; 24:2859-2866. [PMID: 33023714 PMCID: PMC9884771 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980020003912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To associate dietary patterns and food neophobia in low-income preschoolers. DESIGN This was a cross-sectional study using a semi-structured questionnaire for socio-demographic data, birth conditions and breast-feeding history. Food neophobia was assessed using an adapted version of the Child Food Neophobia Scale. Children's nutritional status was assessed using BMI-for-age and height-for-age Z-scores. Dietary patterns were estimated using a semi-quantitative FFQ through exploratory factor analysis. Multiple linear regression was used to test for an association between food neophobia and dietary pattern adherence. SETTING Philanthropic childhood education schools in Aracaju, an urban community in northeastern Brazil, between July and December 2017. PARTICIPANTS Two hundred fourteen children aged 3-6 years and their parents. RESULTS The percentages of low/medium and high food neophobia among preschoolers were 85·9 % and 11·2 %, respectively. Children with high food neophobia more frequently consumed ultra-processed foods rich in sugars (snacks, filled and unfilled cookies and sweets), as well as protein-rich foods (white meat, cheese and yogurt). Three dietary patterns were identified (traditional, snacks and school snacks). Children with a high level of neophobia had lower adherence to traditional dietary patterns. CONCLUSIONS A high level of food neophobia among socially vulnerable preschoolers is an eating behaviour related to unhealthy eating and is associated with the poorest diet in typical foods.
Collapse
|
19
|
Karagiannaki K, Ritz C, Jensen LGH, Tørsleff EH, Møller P, Hausner H, Olsen A. Optimising Repeated Exposure: Determining Optimal Exposure Frequency for Introducing a Novel Vegetable among Children. Foods 2021; 10:foods10050913. [PMID: 33919386 PMCID: PMC8143368 DOI: 10.3390/foods10050913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fruit and vegetables are important components of a healthy diet, but unfortunately many children are not consuming enough to meet the recommendations. Therefore, it is crucial to develop strategies towards increasing the acceptance of this food group. This study aims to investigate the effect of different repeated exposure frequencies on fruit and vegetable acceptance using a novel vegetable, daikon, among 3–6-year-old children. One hundred and fifty-nine children participated in this study. Eight kindergarten teams were assigned to one of the following groups: Three different intervention groups with varying exposure frequencies, but all receiving seven exposures: Twice a week (n = 47), once a week (n = 32) and once every second week (n = 30), and a control group (n = 50). Liking and familiarity of daikon and other vegetables (cucumber, celery, celeriac, broccoli, cauliflower and beetroot) were assessed at baseline, post-intervention and two follow up sessions (3 and 6 months) to test for potential generalisation effects and observe the longevity of the obtained effects. Intake of daikon was measured at all exposures and test sessions. Results showed significant increases (p ≤ 0.05) in liking and intake of daikon for all three frequencies and the control group. Over the exposures, intake of daikon increased until the 4th exposure for all the groups, where a plateau was reached. No systematic generalisation effects were found. Repeated exposure was a successful approach to increase liking and intake of a novel vegetable with all exposure frequencies to be effective, and no particular exposure frequency can be recommended. Even the few exposures the control group received were found to be sufficient to improve intake and liking over 6 months (p ≤ 0.05), indicating that exposures to low quantities of an unfamiliar vegetable may be sufficient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Klelia Karagiannaki
- Section for Food Design and Consumer Behaviour, Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; (K.K.); (L.G.H.J.); (E.H.T.); (P.M.); (H.H.)
| | - Christian Ritz
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 25, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark;
| | - Louise Grønhøj Hørbye Jensen
- Section for Food Design and Consumer Behaviour, Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; (K.K.); (L.G.H.J.); (E.H.T.); (P.M.); (H.H.)
| | - Ellen Hyldgaard Tørsleff
- Section for Food Design and Consumer Behaviour, Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; (K.K.); (L.G.H.J.); (E.H.T.); (P.M.); (H.H.)
| | - Per Møller
- Section for Food Design and Consumer Behaviour, Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; (K.K.); (L.G.H.J.); (E.H.T.); (P.M.); (H.H.)
| | - Helene Hausner
- Section for Food Design and Consumer Behaviour, Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; (K.K.); (L.G.H.J.); (E.H.T.); (P.M.); (H.H.)
| | - Annemarie Olsen
- Section for Food Design and Consumer Behaviour, Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; (K.K.); (L.G.H.J.); (E.H.T.); (P.M.); (H.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +45-35-33-1018
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Alsulami HA, Goodell LS. Understanding Preschoolers' Anticipation of Trying A New Food and Past Food Experiences. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2021; 53:352-358. [PMID: 33317958 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2020.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The primary objectives of the study were to explore (1) preschoolers' anticipation when trying a new food and (2) preschoolers' past experiences with the food they like and do not like. METHODS Two semistructured interviews were conducted 3-7 days apart with each participant. Through thematic analysis, themes and subthemes related to children's food-related perspectives were identified. RESULTS A total of 34 preschoolers (4-5 years old) from low-income families in North Carolina participated in the study. Three major themes were found: preschoolers' avoidance techniques, predictors behind preschoolers' food-related emotions, and preschoolers' description of their food preferences. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Preschoolers were able to discuss both their positive and negative food-related emotions and perspectives. Thus, strategies allowing children to discuss their perspectives of food could provide new insights into children's food preferences and improve dietary quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hibah A Alsulami
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutritional Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - L Suzanne Goodell
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutritional Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Rollins BY, Stein W, Keller KL, Savage JS. Preschoolers will drink their GREENS! Children accept, like, and drink novel smoothies containing dark green vegetables (DGVs). Appetite 2021; 162:105148. [PMID: 33549836 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Dark green vegetables (DGVs; e.g., spinach) are a nutrient rich source of essential vitamins and minerals; yet, children's intakes of DGVs fall well below dietary recommendations and creative solutions are needed. This study describes preschoolers (3-5 y) willingness to taste, liking, and intake of fruit-based smoothies containing DGVs (i.e., spinach, collards, kale), commonly referred to as "green smoothies," and explores individual differences in children's eating responses. Using a between-subjects design, preschoolers were randomized to either a FRUIT ONLY smoothie condition (n = 36) or FRUIT+DGV smoothie condition (n = 32). Children's acceptance and intake were collected in one tasting session and one ad libitum snack session, respectively. Parents reported on child food pickiness, food responsiveness, and approach, and children's intake of fruits and DGVs. Children self-reported on previous experience with the study fruits and DGVs. The initial tasting session revealed that the majority of children (84.3%) in the FRUIT+DGV condition willingly tasted all five green smoothies and rated the green smoothies as moderately liked (2.3 ± 0.1). Children in the FRUIT+DGV condition consumed 225.7 ± 31.4 g (9.0 ± 1.3 oz; 1.1 ± 0.2 cups; 91.9 ± 12.9 kcals) of their most preferred green smoothie, providing 18.3 ± 3.7 g (or 0.7 ± 0.1 cups) of DGVs. Children's willingness to try, liking, and intake did not differ by smoothie condition. Individual differences in children's intake are reported. In conclusion, children were willing to try fruit smoothies supplemented with DGVs. Children rated the green smoothies as moderately-liked and children's intake during snack met 31% of their weekly USDA recommendations for DGVs. Adding DGVs to fruit-based smoothies may compliment other effective feeding strategies for increasing children's vegetable consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brandi Y Rollins
- Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, 219 Biobehavioral Health Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - Wendy Stein
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, 110 Chandlee Laboratory, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Kathleen L Keller
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, 110 Chandlee Laboratory, University Park, PA, 16802, USA; Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, 202 Rodney A. Erickson Food Science Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Jennifer S Savage
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, 110 Chandlee Laboratory, University Park, PA, 16802, USA; Center for Childhood Obesity Research, The Pennsylvania State University, 129 Noll Laboratory, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Torres TDO, Gomes DR, Mattos MP. FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH FOOD NEOPHOBIA IN CHILDREN: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 39:e2020089. [PMID: 33175005 PMCID: PMC7649857 DOI: 10.1590/1984-0462/2021/39/2020089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To identify the factors associated with food neophobia in children through a
systematic review. Data sources: This research was based on the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting
Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. The research was carried out
in the PubMed, Science Direct, and Scientific Electronic Library Online
databases, with the combination of health descriptors in English and
Portuguese: (“Food Neophobia” OR “Feeding Behavior” OR “Food Preferences” OR
“Food Selectivity”) AND Child, from 2000 to 2019. Studies that evaluated
factors associated with food neophobia in children were included. The
quality of the studies was assessed using the Effective Public Health
Practice Project: Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies
(QATQS). Data synthesis: 19 studies were included in the systematic review. The prevalence of food
neophobia ranged from 12.8 to 100%. The studies used three different scales
to measure the level of food neophobia. The main factors associated with
food neophobia were: parental influence on children’s eating habits,
children’s innate preference for sweet and savory flavors, influence of the
sensory aspect of the food, parents’ pressure for the child to eat, parents’
lack of encouragement and/or affection at mealtime, childhood anxiety, and
diets with low variety and low nutritional quality. Conclusions: The factors associated with food neophobia permeate several areas of the
child’s life, thus, interprofessional follow-up becomes essential in the
intervention process.
Collapse
|
23
|
Zou J, Liu Y, Yang Q, Liu H, Luo J, Ouyang Y, Wang J, Lin Q. Cross-cultural adaption and validation of the Chinese version of the Child Food Neophobia Scale. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e026729. [PMID: 31439595 PMCID: PMC6707651 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To adapt the Child Food Neophobia Scale (CFNS) cross-culturally for use among 12-36-month-old Chinese toddlers and to perform a preliminary assessment of its construct validity and reliability. BACKGROUND Food neophobia is the fear of eating new or unfamiliar foods, which affects the type and quality of individual dietary intake, especially during early childhood. However, measurements of child food neophobia have rarely been reported in China due to a lack of reliable and valid measurements. METHODS The CFNS was translated and adapted into a Chinese version (CFNS-CN) through a forward translation, reconciliation, a back translation, expert review and pretesting. The construct validity and reliability of the CFNS-CN were tested in 390 caregivers of 12-36 months old Chinese toddlers through convenience sampling in Changsha Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Hunan Province, China. The internal consistency, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and reliability were estimated. RESULTS The kappa coefficients indicated moderate to perfect agreement between the test and retest, and Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.91. A normal χ2/df, CMIN/DF=3.302, Comparative Fit Index, CFI=0.993, Tucker-Lewis Index, TLI=0.986 and root mean square error of approximation, RMSEA=0.077 were found. The CFA results showed that the model indicators were acceptable. High food neophobia was observed in 25.1% of individuals. CONCLUSION The CFNS-CN showed good internal consistency reliability and construct validity. The CFNS-CN may become an effective tool for assessing food neophobia in Chinese toddlers. TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial was pre-registered at the China Clinical Trial Registration Center under registration number ChiCTR1800015890.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- JiaoJiao Zou
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Central South University Xiangya School of Public Health, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Child Care, Changsha Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Qiping Yang
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Central South University Xiangya School of Public Health, Changsha, China
| | - Hanmei Liu
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Central South University Xiangya School of Public Health, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Central South University Xiangya School of Public Health, Changsha, China
| | - Yufeng Ouyang
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Central South University Xiangya School of Public Health, Changsha, China
| | - Joyce Wang
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Qian Lin
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Central South University Xiangya School of Public Health, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Stifter CA, Moding KJ. Temperament in obesity-related research: Concepts, challenges, and considerations for future research. Appetite 2019; 141:104308. [PMID: 31158396 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2019.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Temperament, defined as individual differences in reactivity and regulation, has important implications for the development of childhood obesity. Indeed, numerous studies have demonstrated associations between temperament and children's eating behavior, parent feeding practices, and children's weight outcomes. Together, these findings have significantly improved our understanding of the developmental pathways to obesity-related outcomes. However, to better our understanding of the role of temperament in children's health, greater attention to how temperament is conceptualized and measured is needed. The purpose of this paper is to review the concept and principles of temperament, describe challenges in the measurement of temperament, and provide considerations for future research aimed at understanding the relationship between temperament, food intake, and childhood obesity. Moving forward, a fuller appreciation of the complexity of the temperament concept and thoughtful selection of temperament measures may help improve predictions and identify targets for interventions aimed at decreasing the risk for obesity in childhood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia A Stifter
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Human Development and Family Studies, 119 Health and Human Development Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - Kameron J Moding
- University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, 12631 E. 17th Ave, Mail Stop F561, Room 2600, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Vollrath ME, Hampson SE, Péneau S, Rolland-Cachera MF, Ystrom E. Child temperament predicts the adiposity rebound. A 9-year prospective sibling control study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207279. [PMID: 30412617 PMCID: PMC6226180 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
METHODS We repeatedly examined 25889 siblings within the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study, following them from the mothers' pregnancy through child age 8 years. Information on the children's height and weight was collected by means of health registries and maternal reports. Information on the siblings' temperament was collected by questionnaires completed when they were 1.5, 3, and 5 years old. We examined the associations of temperament at different child ages with the timing of the adiposity rebound among siblings and controls by means of growth curve and multilevel analyses. RESULTS Within siblings, high scores on the approach trait of sociability predicted an earlier adiposity rebound and high scores on the avoidance trait of shyness predicted a later adiposity rebound with timing differences ranging between 6 and 16 weeks. Surprisingly, negative emotionality did not predict the adiposity rebound. The associations between temperament and the adiposity rebound increased with increasing child age. The results within controls-comparing siblings with the population, broadly paralleled those within siblings. CONCLUSIONS The findings encourage the notion that child temperament functions as an early marker for the adiposity rebound. Future studies may advance our knowledge by including measures of child personality along the taxonomy of the adult Five Personality Factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margarete E. Vollrath
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of the Social Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Sandrine Péneau
- Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Centre of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS), Paris 13 University, Inserm (U1153), Inra (U1125), Cnam, COMUE Sorbonne Paris Cité, Bobigny, France
| | - Marie Françoise Rolland-Cachera
- Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Centre of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS), Paris 13 University, Inserm (U1153), Inra (U1125), Cnam, COMUE Sorbonne Paris Cité, Bobigny, France
| | - Eivind Ystrom
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of the Social Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- PharmacoEpidemiology and Drug Safety Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Development of the Trying New Foods Scale: A preschooler self-assessment of willingness to try new foods. Appetite 2018; 128:21-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2018.05.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
27
|
Assessing children’s willingness to try new foods: Validation of a Portuguese version of the child’s food neophobia scale for parents of young children. Food Qual Prefer 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
28
|
Kidwell KM, Kozikowski C, Roth T, Lundahl A, Nelson TD. Concurrent and Longitudinal Associations Among Temperament, Parental Feeding Styles, and Selective Eating in a Preschool Sample. J Pediatr Psychol 2017; 43:572-583. [DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsx148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Taylor Roth
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
| | - Alyssa Lundahl
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
| | | |
Collapse
|