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Dee KT, Meyer JS, Smith KS, Ranville JF. Influence of Geochemical Fractionation of Fulvic Acid on its Spectral Characteristics and its Protection Against Copper Toxicity to Daphnia magna. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2023; 42:449-462. [PMID: 36484737 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved copper (Cu) can contribute to toxicity in aquatic systems impacted by acid mine drainage (AMD), and its bioavailability is influenced by aqueous complexation with organic ligands that predominantly include fulvic acids (FAs). Because the geochemical fractionation of FAs that accompanies sorption to hydrous aluminum oxides (HAOs) and hydrous iron oxides (HFOs) can alter Cu complexation with FA, we investigated FAs isolated from three categories of water (pristine, AMD, and in situ-fractionated mixtures of pristine and AMD collected at stream confluences) in three mining-impacted alpine watersheds in central Colorado, USA. We also conducted geochemical fractionation of field-collected FAs and Suwannee River FAs by precipitating HAOs and HFOs in the laboratory. Spectral properties of the FAs (e.g., UV-VIS absorbance) were altered by geochemical fractionation, and in acute toxicity tests with an aquatic invertebrate (Daphnia magna) Cu was more toxic in the presence of in situ- and laboratory-fractionated FAs (median effect concentration [EC50] 19-50 µg Cu L-1 ) than in the presence of nonfractionated FAs (EC50 48-146 µg Cu L-1 ). After adjusting for the strain-specific sensitivity of our D. magna, we improved the accuracy of Biotic Ligand Model predictions of Cu EC50 values for AMD-related FAs by using an "effective dissolved organic carbon" based on spectral properties that account for among-FA differences in protectiveness against Cu toxicity. However, some differences remained between predicted and measured EC50 values, especially for FAs from AMD-related waters that might contain important metal-binding moieties not accounted for by our measured spectral indices. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:449-462. © 2022 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kato T Dee
- School of Geosciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Joseph S Meyer
- Department of Chemistry and Geochemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
- Applied Limnology Professionals, Golden, Colorado, USA
| | - Kathleen S Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Geochemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
| | - James F Ranville
- Department of Chemistry and Geochemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
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2
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Yu Q, Wang Z, Wang G, Peijnenburg WJGM, Vijver MG. Effects of natural organic matter on the joint toxicity and accumulation of Cu nanoparticles and ZnO nanoparticles in Daphnia magna. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 292:118413. [PMID: 34751154 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Various modern products have metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) embedded to enhance products performance. Technological advances enable nowadays even multiple hybrid nanoparticles. Consequently, the future co-release of multiple MNPs will inevitably result in the presence of MNP mixtures in the environment. An important question is if the responses of mixtures of MNPs can be dealt with in a similar way as with the responses of biota to mixtures of metal salts. Moreover, natural organic matter (NOM) is an important parameter affecting the behavior and effect of MNPs. Herein, we determined the joint toxicity and accumulation of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) in Daphnia magna in the absence and presence of Suwannee River natural organic matter (SR-NOM), compared to the joint toxicity and accumulation of corresponding metal salts. The results of toxicity testing showed that the joint toxicity of CuNPs + ZnONPs was greater than the single toxicity of CuNPs or ZnONPs. The joint toxic action of CuNPs + ZnONPs was additive or more-than-additive for D. magna. A similar pattern was found in the toxicity of the mixtures of Cu- and Zn-salts from the literature data. The presence of SR-NOM had no significant impact on the joint toxicity of CuNPs + ZnONPs. The calculated component-specific contribution to overall toxicity indicated that SR-NOM increased the relative contribution of dissolved ions released from the MNPs to the toxicity of the binary mixtures at high-effect concentrations of individual MNPs. Moreover, dissolved Zn-ions released from the ZnONPs were found to dominate the joint toxicity of CuNPs + ZnONPs in the presence of SR-NOM. Furthermore, the results of the accumulation experiment displayed that the presence of SR-NOM significantly enhanced the accumulation of either CuNPs or ZnONPs in D. magna exposed to the MNP mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yu
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, Leiden, 2300 RA, the Netherlands
| | - Zhuang Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, PR China.
| | - Guiyin Wang
- College of Environmental Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, PR China
| | - Willie J G M Peijnenburg
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, Leiden, 2300 RA, the Netherlands; Centre for Safety of Substances and Products, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, 3720 BA, the Netherlands
| | - Martina G Vijver
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, Leiden, 2300 RA, the Netherlands
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3
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Sikder M, Croteau MN, Poulin BA, Baalousha M. Effect of Nanoparticle Size and Natural Organic Matter Composition on the Bioavailability of Polyvinylpyrrolidone-Coated Platinum Nanoparticles to a Model Freshwater Invertebrate. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:2452-2461. [PMID: 33529523 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c05985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The bioavailability of dissolved Pt(IV) and polyvinylpyrrolidone-coated platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) of five different nominal hydrodynamic diameters (20, 30, 50, 75, and 95 nm) was characterized in laboratory experiments using the model freshwater snail Lymnaea stagnalis. Dissolved Pt(IV) and all nanoparticle sizes were bioavailable to L. stagnalis. Platinum bioavailability, inferred from conditional uptake rate constants, was greater for nanoparticulate than dissolved forms and increased with increasing nanoparticle hydrodynamic diameter. The effect of natural organic matter (NOM) composition on PtNP bioavailability was evaluated using six NOM samples at two nanoparticle sizes (20 and 95 nm). NOM suppressed the bioavailability of 95 nm PtNPs in all cases, and DOM reduced sulfur content exhibited a positive correlation with 95 nm PtNP bioavailability. The bioavailability of 20 nm PtNPs was only suppressed by NOM with a low reduced sulfur content. The physiological elimination of Pt accumulated after dissolved Pt(IV) exposure was slow and constant. In contrast, the elimination of Pt accumulated after PtNP exposures exhibited a triphasic pattern likely involving in vivo PtNP dissolution. This work highlights the importance of PtNP size and interfacial interactions with NOM on Pt bioavailability and suggests that in vivo PtNP transformations could yield unexpectedly higher adverse effects to organisms than dissolved exposure alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mithun Sikder
- South Carolina SmartState Center for Environmental Nanoscience and Risk (CENR), Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | | | - Brett A Poulin
- U.S. Geological Survey, Boulder, CO 80303, United States
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States (current address)
| | - Mohammed Baalousha
- South Carolina SmartState Center for Environmental Nanoscience and Risk (CENR), Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
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4
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Macoustra GK, Jolley DF, Stauber J, Koppel DJ, Holland A. Amelioration of copper toxicity to a tropical freshwater microalga: Effect of natural DOM source and season. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 266:115141. [PMID: 32659625 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Australian tropical freshwaters can experience extreme seasonal variability in rainfall and run off, particularly due to pulse events such as storms and cyclones. This study investigated how seasonal variability in dissolved organic matter (DOM) quality impacted the chronic toxicity of copper to a tropical green alga (Chlorella sp.) in the presence of two concentrations of DOM (low: ∼2 mg C/L; high: ∼10 mg C/L) collected from three tropical waters. Copper speciation and lability were explored using diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT) and modelled maximum dynamic concentrations (cdynmax) using data derived from the Windermere Humic Aqueous Model (WHAM VII). Relationships between copper lability and copper toxicity were assessed as potential tools for predicting toxicity. Copper toxicity varied significantly with DOM concentration, source and season. Copper toxicity decreased with increasing concentrations of DOM, with 50% growth inhibition effect concentrations (EC50) increasing from 1.9 μg Cu/L in synthetic test waters with no added DOM (0.34 mg C/L) up to 63 μg Cu/L at DOM concentrations of 9.9 mg C/L. Copper toxicity varied by up to 2-fold between the three DOM sources and EC50 values were generally lower in the presence of wet season DOM compared to dry season DOM. Linear relationships between DGT-labile copper and dissolved copper were significantly different between DOM source, but not concentration or season. Modelled cdynmax consistently under-predicted labile copper in high DOM treatments compared to DGT measurements but performed better in low DOM treatments, indicating that this method is DOM-concentration dependent. Neither speciation method was a good surrogate for copper toxicity in the presence of different sources of natural DOM. Our findings show that DOM source and season, not just DOM concentration, affect copper toxicity to freshwater biota. Therefore, DOM quality should be considered as a toxicity-modifying factor for future derivation of bioavailability-based site-specific water quality guideline values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella K Macoustra
- School of Earth, Atmosphere and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Dianne F Jolley
- School of Earth, Atmosphere and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Jenny Stauber
- CSIRO Land and Water, Lucas Heights, NSW 2232, Australia
| | - Darren J Koppel
- CSIRO Land and Water, Lucas Heights, NSW 2232, Australia; Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney Broadway, NSW 2007 Australia
| | - Aleicia Holland
- Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney Broadway, NSW 2007 Australia; La Trobe University, School of Life Science, Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution, Freshwater Research Centre, Albury/Wodonga Campus, VIC 3690, Australia.
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5
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Tang CH, Chen WY, Wu CC, Lu E, Shih WY, Chen JW, Tsai JW. Ecosystem metabolism regulates seasonal bioaccumulation of metals in atyid shrimp (Neocaridina denticulata) in a tropical brackish wetland. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 225:105522. [PMID: 32544806 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Natural dissolved organic matter (DOM) forms the base of aquatic food webs and is a key environmental factor that affects the bioavailability of metals for aquatic organisms. Aquatic communities are naturally exposed simultaneously to environments containing a mixture of metals and varying DOM levels and compositions. However, the exact effect of DOM on metal bioaccumulation is difficult to predict due to temporal and spatial variations in sources, production, and consumption of DOM, and to interactions between DOM and metals. Ecosystem metabolism describes the process of organic carbon production and consumption and, therefore, the trophic status of ecosystems. However, whether and how ecosystem metabolism determines the seasonality of metal bioaccumulation remains unclear. The present study used in-situ water quality sondes and discrete field samplings to establish the relationship between the seasonality of ecosystem metabolism; related environmental and limnological regulators; the metal speciation and concentration in bulk water and sediments; and their metal bioaccumulation. The target population consisted of atyid shrimp (Neocaridina denticulata) in a brackish constructed wetland in tropical Taiwan was sampled between August 2014 and November 2015. Metal bioaccumulation displayed distinct seasonal patterns that peaked in summer (Cu, Cd, Cr, Zn, Mn, and Se) or winter (Pb and Ni). The in situ production (gross primary production) and heterotrophic consumption (ecosystem respiration) of organic matter significantly decreased with increasing waterborne DOM levels in this heterotrophic wetland. Both dissolved free metals bioavailable for respiratory surfaces (As, Zn, Cu, and Cr) and insoluble metals available for dietary intake (Mn and Ni) decreased with increasing DOM, as well as with decreasing gross primary production and ecosystem respiration. Seasonal variations of metal bioaccumulation also paralleled the transition in wetland trophic status, which reflected the effect of potential qualitative changes in the wetland DOM pool. Bioaccumulation of most metals displayed strong correlations with gross primary production, ecosystem respiration, and wetland trophic status. Our findings demonstrated that ecosystem metabolism can play a key mediating role in the seasonality of metal bioaccumulation in atyid shrimp, as it links the variation and interaction between DOM level/source, the speciation/bioavailability, and the uptake efficiency for metals by aquatic organisms. This study contributes to the temporal-specific risk assessment of aquatic metal exposure in regional environmental settings. It also reveals ecosystem-specific spectra in the context of changes in climate and environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hao Tang
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-Sen University, 70 Lienhai Road, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yu Chen
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Rd., Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Ching Wu
- Department of Public Health, China Medical University, No.91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Ezekiel Lu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, No.91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Yu Shih
- Department of Science Education and Application, National Taichung University of Education, No. 140, Minsheng Rd., Taichung 403, Taiwan
| | - Jein-Wen Chen
- Department of Food and Beverage Management, Cheng-Shiu University, No. 840, Chengcing Road, Kaohsiung 83347, Taiwan; Center for Environmental Toxin and Emerging-Contaminant Research, Cheng-Shiu University, No. 840, Chengcing Road, Kaohsiung 83347, Taiwan; Super Micro Mass Research and Technology Center, Cheng-Shiu University, No. 840, Chengcing Road, Kaohsiung 83347, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Wei Tsai
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, No.91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
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Macoustra G, Holland A, Stauber J, Jolley DF. Effect of Various Natural Dissolved Organic Carbon on Copper Lability and Toxicity to the Tropical Freshwater Microalga Chlorella sp. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:2768-2777. [PMID: 30695643 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b04737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study adds further critical information to the limited body of knowledge on the ameliorative ability of Australian dissolved organic carbon (DOC), reinforcing the importance of DOC source and concentration as significant factors controlling the risk copper poses to organisms in freshwater systems. The ameliorative ability of five unstudied DOCs on the chronic toxicity of copper to the tropical alga Chlorella sp. was compared. Sensitivity to copper varied dramatically; effect concentrations at the 50 percent effect level (EC50) increased by up to 22-fold in the high DOC treatment compared to controls and more than 2-fold between DOCs at the same concentration. The analytical techniques, diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) and Chelex column, were used to understand whether differences in copper toxicity could be explained by copper lability. Labile copper mirrored the trends seen in the toxicity tests; lability decreased with increasing DOC concentration and varied between DOCs at the same concentration. The equilibrium model, WHAM VII, was also used to better understand the role of the free copper ion on the toxicity observed. Disagreement between EC50 values derived using the WHAM-predicted free Cu2+ concentrations and agreement between DGT-labile and the maximum dynamic concentration ( cmaxdyn) suggest free copper is not the sole contributor to toxicity and that the source of the specific DOCs also plays a role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Macoustra
- School of Chemistry, Centre for Molecular and Medical Biosciences , University of Wollongong , Wollongong , New South Wales 2252 , Australia
| | - Aleicia Holland
- School of Chemistry, Centre for Molecular and Medical Biosciences , University of Wollongong , Wollongong , New South Wales 2252 , Australia
- School of Life Science, Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution, Murray Darling Freshwater Research Centre , La Trobe University , Albury/Wodonga Campus, West Wodonga , Victoria 3690 , Australia
- CSIRO Land and Water , Lucas Heights , New South Wales 2234 , Australia
| | - Jenny Stauber
- CSIRO Land and Water , Lucas Heights , New South Wales 2234 , Australia
| | - Dianne F Jolley
- School of Chemistry, Centre for Molecular and Medical Biosciences , University of Wollongong , Wollongong , New South Wales 2252 , Australia
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7
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Nogueira LS, Bianchini A, Smith S, Jorge MB, Diamond RL, Wood CM. Physiological effects of marine natural organic matter and metals in early life stages of the North Pacific native marine mussel Mytilus trossulus; a comparison with the invasive Mytilus galloprovincialis. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 135:136-144. [PMID: 29449070 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The role of seawater NOM in reducing metal toxicity for marine organisms is not well understood. We investigated the effects of five different marine NOMs (two autochthonous, one allochthonous, two of mixed origin, at 8 mg C/L), three metals (6 μg Cu/L; 20 μg Pb/L; 25 μg Zn/L), and combinations between them, to early life stages of Mytilus trossulus (a North Pacific native) in 48-h tests. Endpoints were whole body Ca2++Mg2+-ATPase activity, carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity and lipid peroxidation. Comparisons were made with previously reported tests (identical conditions) on the invasive M. galloprovincialis. Unexposed M. trossulus had lower Ca2++Mg2+-ATPase but similar baseline CA activity and lipid peroxidation to unexposed M. galloprovincialis. NOMs alone induced increased enzyme activities, and increased lipid peroxidation, but the latter did not occur with NOMs of mixed origin in M. trossulus. There was no clear difference in the sensitivity to various NOMs between species. In M. trossulus, all three metals by themselves caused increases in lipid peroxidation, as did many metal-NOM combinations. The origin of the NOMs influenced the nature of the responses to NOM-metal combinations in both species, but no clear relationship to NOM chemistry was apparent. Overall, M. trossulus was more sensitive to metals and NOM-metal combinations, with a greater number of significant responses (27 versus 22 treatment endpoints, out of a total of 72) and a greater proportion of negative effects (81% versus 50%) than in M. galloprovincialis. Therefore, marine NOMs by themselves, as well as metals by themselves and NOM-metal combinations, can induce both positive and negative physiological responses. Lipid peroxidation appears to be a particularly common negative response. In future studies, NOM quality and mussel species should be considered since native M. trossulus and invasive M. galloprovincialis exhibited markedly different responses after exposure to the same environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lygia Sega Nogueira
- McMaster University, Department of Biology, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada; University of British Columbia, Department of Zoology, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre, Bamfield, British Columbia V0R 1B0, Canada.
| | - Adalto Bianchini
- Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre, Bamfield, British Columbia V0R 1B0, Canada
| | - Scott Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marianna Basso Jorge
- McMaster University, Department of Biology, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre, Bamfield, British Columbia V0R 1B0, Canada
| | - Rachael L Diamond
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chris M Wood
- McMaster University, Department of Biology, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada; University of British Columbia, Department of Zoology, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada; Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre, Bamfield, British Columbia V0R 1B0, Canada
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Zhou Y, Wei F, Zhang W, Guo Z, Zhang L. Copper bioaccumulation and biokinetic modeling in marine herbivorous fish Siganus oramin. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 196:61-69. [PMID: 29334673 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Marine herbivorous fish directly consume macroalgae, which commonly accumulate high levels of trace metals in polluted areas. We proposed that herbivorous fish could be better candidates for biomonitoring marine metal pollution than carnivorous fish. To date, the trophic transfer of Cu from macroalgae to marine herbivorous fish is unclear. In this study, the kinetics of Cu bioaccumulation in a widespread marine herbivorous fish, Siganus oramin, were investigated, and biokinetic modeling was applied to estimate the Cu levels in the fish sampled from different sites and seasons. The results showed that Cu accumulation in the fish was linearly correlated to the dietary Cu levels in the different prey species, which were proportional to the waterborne Cu concentrations. The Cu found in the subcellular trophically available metal fraction (TAM) in the prey contributed the largest proportion of accumulated Cu in S. oramin. The dietary assimilation efficiencies (AEs) of Cu were 15.56 ± 1.76%, 13.42 ± 2.86%, and 21.36 ± 1.47% for Ulva lactuca, Gracilaria lemaneiformis and Gracilaria gigas, respectively. The calculated waterborne uptake rate constant (ku) of Cu was 0.023 ± 0.011 L g-1 d-1, and the efflux rate constant (ke) was 0.055 ± 0.021 d-1. Dietary Cu accounted for 60%-75% of the body Cu in S. oramin, suggesting that dietary uptake could be the primary route for Cu bioaccumulation in herbivorous fish. The biokinetic model demonstrated that the Cu concentrations in the water and fish presented a positive linear relationship, which was in line with our field investigation along the coastal areas of South China. Therefore, we suggested that S. oramin could be used as a biomonitoring organism for Cu pollution in the marine environment. However, the heterogeneities between the predicted levels and the measured levels of Cu implied that seasonal changes should be taken into account to improve the accuracy of the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Fangsan Wei
- Key Laboratory for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Fisheries Resources in the South China Sea, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Zhiqiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China.
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9
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Nogueira LS, Bianchini A, Smith S, Jorge MB, Diamond RL, Wood CM. Physiological effects of five different marine natural organic matters (NOMs) and three different metals (Cu, Pb, Zn) on early life stages of the blue mussel ( Mytilus galloprovincialis). PeerJ 2017; 5:e3141. [PMID: 28413723 PMCID: PMC5391792 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Metals are present in aquatic environments as a result of natural and anthropogenic inputs, and may induce toxicity to organisms. One of the main factors that influence this toxicity in fresh water is natural organic matter (NOM) but all NOMs are not the same in this regard. In sea water, possible protection by marine NOMs is not well understood. Thus, our study isolated marine NOMs by solid-phase extraction from five different sites and characterized them by excitation-emission fluorescence analysis—one inshore (terrigenous origin), two offshore (autochthonous origin), and two intermediate in composition (indicative of a mixed origin). The physiological effects of these five NOMS alone (at 8 mg/L), of three metals alone (copper, lead and zinc at 6 µg Cu/L, 20 µg Pb/L, and 25 µg Zn/L respectively), and of each metal in combination with each NOM, were evaluated in 48-h exposures of mussel larvae. Endpoints were whole body Ca2++Mg2+-ATPase activity, carbonic anhydrase activity and lipid peroxidation. By themselves, NOMs increased lipid peroxidation, Ca2++Mg2+-ATPase, and/or carbonic anhydrase activities (significant in seven of 15 NOM-endpoint combinations), whereas metals by themselves did not affect the first two endpoints, but Cu and Pb increased carbonic anhydrase activities. In combination, the effects of NOMs predominated, with the metal exerting no additional effect in 33 out of 45 combinations. While NOM effects varied amongst different isolates, there was no clear pattern with respect to optical or chemical properties. When NOMs were treated as a single source by data averaging, NOM had no effect on Ca2++Mg2+-ATPase activity but markedly stimulated carbonic anhydrase activity and lipid peroxidation, and there were no additional effects of any metal. Our results indicate that marine NOMs may have direct effects on this model marine organism, as well as protective effects against metal toxicity, and the quality of marine NOMs may be an important factor in these actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lygia Sega Nogueira
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre, Bamfield, British Columbia, Canada.,Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Adalto Bianchini
- Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre, Bamfield, British Columbia, Canada.,Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Scott Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marianna Basso Jorge
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre, Bamfield, British Columbia, Canada.,Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rachael L Diamond
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chris M Wood
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre, Bamfield, British Columbia, Canada
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10
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Smith DS, Cooper CA, Wood CM. Measuring Biotic Ligand Model (BLM) Parameters in Vitro: Copper and Silver Binding to Rainbow Trout Gill Cells as Cultured Epithelia or in Suspension. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:1733-1741. [PMID: 27983822 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b04823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Biotic ligand models (BLMs) for metals are useful for risk assessment. The modeling of metal complexation by the biotic ligand has received little attention relative to the modeling of organic and inorganic complexation of metals in solution. We used ion selective electrodes (ISEs) to directly characterize copper and silver binding to rainbow trout gill cells, either as cultured reconstructed epithelia, or dispersed in suspension. Preparations were composed of pavement cells (PVCs) alone or mixtures of PVCs (≈85%) and mitochondria-rich cells (MRCs, ≈15%). Mixed cells showed up to an order of magnitude greater binding for both metals, indicating that MRCs were much more important than PVCs. Also, cell orientation had a dramatic effect; cells cultured as epithelia exhibited much greater binding than cells in suspension. Silver and copper demonstrated generally similar binding behavior, with stronger (logK ≈ 10 or greater) and weaker binding sites (logK ≈ 8). Comparisons to existing BLM calibrations show good agreement, but reveal that selection of analytical window can impact which binding sites are titrated. We conclude that cultured gill epithelia in vitro provide a powerful approach to studying metal complexation directly at the biotic ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Scott Smith
- Wilfrid Laurier University , Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3C5, Canada
| | - Christopher A Cooper
- Wilfrid Laurier University , Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3C5, Canada
| | - Chris M Wood
- McMaster University , Department of Biology, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
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Foekema EM, Kaag NHBM, Kramer KJM, Long K. Mesocosm validation of the marine No Effect Concentration of dissolved copper derived from a species sensitivity distribution. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 521-522:173-182. [PMID: 25829294 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.03.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The Predicted No Effect Concentration (PNEC) for dissolved copper based on the species sensitivity distribution (SSD) of 24 marine single species tests was validated in marine mesocosms. To achieve this, the impact of actively maintained concentrations of dissolved copper on a marine benthic and planktonic community was studied in 18 outdoor 4.6m(3) mesocosms. Five treatment levels, ranging from 2.9 to 31μg dissolved Cu/L, were created in triplicate and maintained for 82days. Clear effects were observed on gastropod and bivalve molluscs, phytoplankton, zooplankton, sponges and sessile algae. The most sensitive biological endpoints; reproduction success of the bivalve Cerastoderma edule, copepod population development and periphyton growth were significantly affected at concentrations of 9.9μg Cu/L and higher. The No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC) derived from this study was 5.7μg dissolved Cu/L. Taking into account the DOC concentration of the mesocosm water this NOEC is comparable to the PNEC derived from the SSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Foekema
- IMARES Wageningen UR, PO Box 57, 1780 AB Den Helder, The Netherlands.
| | - N H B M Kaag
- IMARES Wageningen UR, PO Box 57, 1780 AB Den Helder, The Netherlands
| | - K J M Kramer
- Mermayde, P.O. Box 109, 1860 AC Bergen, The Netherlands
| | - K Long
- Regulatory Compliance Limited, Bilston Glen, Midlothian, EH20 9LZ, UK
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12
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Cunha GDC, Goveia D, Romão LPC, de Oliveira LC. Effect of the competition of Cu(II) and Ni(II) on the kinetic and thermodynamic stabilities of Cr(III)-organic ligand complexes using competitive ligand exchange (EDTA). JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2015; 154:259-265. [PMID: 25745843 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The effect of competition of Cu(II) and Ni(II) on the kinetic stability of Cr(III) complexed with natural organic matter (NOM) was characterized using EDTA exchange with single-stage tangential-flow ultrafiltration. For a water sample from Serra de Itabaiana, 3% of spiked Cr(III) was exchanged, while for a sample from the Itapanhaú River, 7, 10, 10, and 21% was exchanged in experiments using Cr(III) alone and in combination with Cu(II), Ni(II), or Cu(II) + Ni(II), respectively. Times required to reach exchange equilibrium with EDTA were less than 360 min. The influence of competition from Ni(II) and Cu(II) on the availability of complexed Cr(III) was low, demonstrating preference of the ligand sites for Cr(III). This was correlated with sample humification, as confirmed by EPR and (13)C NMR analyses. Exchange efficiency was in the order Cu > Ni > Cr, and the process could be readily described by first order kinetics, with average rate constants of 0.35-0.37 h(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziele da Costa Cunha
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), 49100-000 São Cristovão, SE, Brazil
| | - Danielle Goveia
- Experimental Campus of Itapeva, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 18409-010, Itapeva, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Luciana Camargo de Oliveira
- Department of Physical, Chemistry and Mathematics, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), 18052-780, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
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13
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Ardestani MM, van Straalen NM, van Gestel CAM. The relationship between metal toxicity and biotic ligand binding affinities in aquatic and soil organisms: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2014; 195:133-47. [PMID: 25217851 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The biotic ligand model (BLM) is a theoretical, potentially mechanistic approach to assess metal bioavailability in soil and aquatic systems. In a BLM, toxicity is linked to the fraction of biotic ligand occupied, which in turn, depends on the various components of the solution, including activity of the metal. Bioavailability is a key factor in determining toxicity and uptake of metals in organisms. In this study, the present status of BLM development for soil and aquatic organisms is summarized. For all species and all metals, toxicity was correlated with the conditional biotic ligand binding constants. For almost all organisms, values for Ag, Cu, and Cd were higher than those for Zn and Ni. The constants derived for aquatic systems seem to be equally valid for soil organisms, but in the case of soils, bioavailability from the soil solution is greatly influenced by the presence of the soil solid phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud M Ardestani
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Nico M van Straalen
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis A M van Gestel
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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14
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Smith KS, Ranville JF, Lesher EK, Diedrich DJ, McKnight DM, Sofield RM. Fractionation of fulvic acid by iron and aluminum oxides--influence on copper toxicity to Ceriodaphnia dubia. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:11934-11943. [PMID: 25289694 DOI: 10.1021/es502243m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study examines the effect on aquatic copper toxicity of the chemical fractionation of fulvic acid (FA) that results from its association with iron and aluminum oxyhydroxide precipitates. Fractionated and unfractionated FAs obtained from streamwater and suspended sediment were utilized in acute Cu toxicity tests on Ceriodaphnia dubia. Toxicity test results with equal FA concentrations (6 mg FA/L) show that the fractionated dissolved FA was 3 times less effective at reducing Cu toxicity (EC50 13 ± 0.6 μg Cu/L) than were the unfractionated dissolved FAs (EC50 39 ± 0.4 and 41 ± 1.2 μg Cu/L). The fractionation is a consequence of preferential sorption of molecules having strong metal-binding (more aromatic) moieties to precipitating Fe- and Al-rich oxyhydroxides, causing the remaining dissolved FA to be depleted in these functional groups. As a result, there is more bioavailable dissolved Cu in the water and hence greater potential for Cu toxicity to aquatic organisms. In predicting Cu toxicity, biotic ligand models (BLMs) take into account dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration; however, unless DOC characteristics are accounted for, model predictions can underestimate acute Cu toxicity for water containing fractionated dissolved FA. This may have implications for water-quality criteria in systems containing Fe- and Al-rich sediment, and in mined and mineralized areas in particular. Optical measurements, such as specific ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm (SUVA254), show promise for use as spectral indicators of DOC chemical fractionation and inferred increased Cu toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen S Smith
- U.S. Geological Survey , P.O. Box 25046-MS 964D, Denver, Colorado 80225, United States
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15
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Manek AK, Ferrari MCO, Chivers DP, Niyogi S. Dissolved organic carbon ameliorates the effects of UV radiation on a freshwater fish. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 490:941-946. [PMID: 24914525 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.05.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities over the past several decades have depleted stratospheric ozone, resulting in a global increase in ultraviolet radiation (UVR). Much of the negative effects of UVR in aquatic systems is minimized by dissolved organic carbon (DOC) which is known to attenuate UVR across the water column. The skin of many fishes contains large epidermal club cells (ECCs) that are known to play a role in innate immune responses and also release chemical alarm cues that warn other fishes of danger. This study investigated the effects of in vivo UVR exposure to fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas), under the influence of two sources of DOC: Sigma Aldrich humic acid, a coal based commercial source of DOC and Luther Marsh natural organic matter, a terrigenous source of DOC. Specifically, we examined ECC investment and physiological stress responses and found that fish exposed to high UVR, in the presence of either source of DOC, had higher ECC investment than fish exposed to high UVR only. Similarly, exposure to high UVR under either source of DOC, reduced cortisol levels relative to that in the high UVR only treatment. This indicates that DOC protects fish from physiological stress associated with UVR exposure and helps maintain production of ECC under conditions of UVR exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya K Manek
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5E2 SK, Canada.
| | - Maud C O Ferrari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, WCVM, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5B4 SK, Canada
| | - Douglas P Chivers
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5E2 SK, Canada
| | - Som Niyogi
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5E2 SK, Canada
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16
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Blake D, Nar M, D'Souza NA, Glenn JB, Klaine SJ, Roberts AP. Treatment with coated layer double hydroxide clays decreases the toxicity of copper-contaminated water. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2014; 66:549-556. [PMID: 24442186 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-013-9986-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Copper is a common pollutant found in watersheds that exerts toxic effects on both invertebrates and vertebrates. Layer double hydroxide (LDH) clays are able to adsorb a wide range of contaminants through ion-exchange mechanisms. Coating LDH clays with various materials alters the aggregation of clay particles into the nano-size range, thus increasing relative surface area and offering great potential for contaminant remediation. The goal of this study was to determine if treatment with coated LDH clays decreases the toxicity of copper-containing solutions to Daphnia magna. Four LDH clays with different coatings used to alter hydrophobicity were as follows: used: Na(+) montmorillonite, Zn-Al LDH-nitrate, Zn-Al LDH-stearate, and Zn-Al LDH-carbonate. It was determined that coated LDH clays decreased copper toxicity by decreasing bioavailability and that smaller aggregate sizes decreased bioavailability the most. 96 h LC50 values increased by as much as 4.2 times with the treatment of the solutions with 100 mg/L LDH clay. Copper analysis of the clay and solutions indicated that the clays work by decreasing copper bioavailability by way of a binding mechanism. Coated LDH clays hold promise as a small-scale remediation tool or as an innovative tool for toxicity identification and evaluation characterization of metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanne Blake
- Department of Biological Sciences and Institute of Applied Science, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #310559, Denton, TX, 76203-5017, USA
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17
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Giacomin M, Gillis PL, Bianchini A, Wood CM. Interactive effects of copper and dissolved organic matter on sodium uptake, copper bioaccumulation, and oxidative stress in juvenile freshwater mussels (Lampsilis siliquoidea). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 144-145:105-115. [PMID: 24177213 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater mussels are exceptionally sensitive to many contaminants including metals, but the mechanisms of toxicity are not fully understood. Similarly, our understanding of the protective effects of dissolved organic matter (DOM) is also undergoing revision, since recent studies have found that DOM may also directly affect organism physiology, in addition to its well known capability in complexing and reducing bioavailability of metals. In the present study, these issues were investigated in juvenile (6-12 months old) freshwater mussels (Lampsilis siliquoidea) in moderately-hard reconstituted water (Ca(2+)=0.406 mmol/L; Mg(2+)=0.537 mmol/L; Na(+)=1.261 mmol/L;K(+)=0.077 mmol/L; hardness=80-100mg/L CaCO3; pH=8.02 and DOM=0.3 mgC/L). Mussels were acutely exposed (24 and 96 h) to Cu (0, 2 or 12 μg Cu/L) combined with three concentrations (0, 3 or 6 mgC/L) of DOM of terrigenous origin (Luther Marsh). We analyzed unidirectional Na(+) influx, whole-body ion content (Na(+), K(+), Ca(2+) and Mg(2+)), enzyme (Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase, H(+)-ATPase and carbonic anhydrase) activities, copper bioaccumulation and oxidative stress-related parameters. Exposure to DOM alone caused a marked increase in the unidirectional Na(+) influx rate and a decrease in v-type H(+)-ATPase activity, suggesting that DOM alone can cause alterations in membrane transport functions and therefore, whole-body Na(+) metabolism. Unidirectional Na(+) influx rate and Na(+)K(+)-ATPase activity were inhibited when mussels were exposed to the higher Cu concentration tested (12 μg Cu/L). The influx inhibition was ameliorated by the simultaneous presence of DOM. At this same Cu concentration, DOM also significantly protected mussels against whole-body Na(+) and K(+) losses associated with Cu exposure, as well as against Cu bioaccumulation. Oxidative stress parameters did not show clear trends across treatments. Overall, our results indicate that Cu is a potent ionoregulatory toxicant to freshwater mussels. They also demonstrate that natural DOM protects against both Cu bioaccumulation and ionoregulatory toxicity, and that at least part of this protection results from direct positive effects of DOM on Na(+) metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Giacomin
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av. Itália km 8, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
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18
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Winter AR, Playle RC, George Dixon D, Borgmann U, Wilkie MP. Interactions of Pb and Cd mixtures in the presence or absence of natural organic matter with the fish gill. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2012; 83:16-24. [PMID: 22749195 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2012] [Revised: 05/28/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Metal gill binding and toxicity can be modeled using the concentration addition model, in which the toxic unit (TU) concept is used to determine if constituent metals are acting in a strictly additive, less than, or greater than additive fashion. To test this hypothesis, rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were exposed to a matrix of Pb plus Cd mixtures (nominal concentrations=0.75, 1.5, 2.25, 3.0 μmol L(-1)), in the presence or absence of mainly terrigenous (allochthonous; 10 mg CL(-1)) natural organic matter (NOM), and metal-gill binding, and toxicity was quantified. Based on its greater affinity for metal-gill binding sites, Cd-gill binding was expected to exceed Pb-gill binding during metal mixture exposure, but this only occurred at the lowest metal concentrations (0.75 μmol L(-1)); at higher concentrations Pb-gill binding was greater than Cd-gill binding. These unexpected observations were because Pb and Cd likely bind to different populations of high affinity, low capacity binding sites on the gill, which was borne out in subsequent attempts to mathematically model metal-gill interactions during metal-mixture exposure. The presence of an additional low affinity, high capacity population of Pb-gill binding sites also contributed to higher Pb-gill accumulation. Metal-gill interactions were complicated by NOM, which exacerbated toxicity during Cd-only exposure despite lowering Cd-gill accumulation. NOM also promoted Cd-gill binding in the presence of low-moderate concentrations of Pb (0.75 and 1.50 μmol L(-1)). We suggest that direct interactions of Cd-NOM complexes with the gill, and increases in Cd bioavailability due to Pb outcompeting Cd for NOM-metal binding sites due to its greater affinity for such ligands, accounted for greater Cd-gill binding and toxicity. We conclude that interactions of Pb and Cd with the gill cannot be predicted using the concentration addition model, and that NOM is not universally protective against metal-gill binding and toxicity when fish are exposed to metal mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna R Winter
- Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
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McLaughlin J, Bonzongo JCJ. Effects of natural water chemistry on nanosilver behavior and toxicity to Ceriodaphnia dubia and Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2012; 31:168-175. [PMID: 22020942 DOI: 10.1002/etc.720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Revised: 03/13/2011] [Accepted: 06/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The success of nanotechnology will undoubtedly lead to the increased introduction of nanoparticles (NPs) into natural systems, and aquatic systems will likely act as sinks for these new pollutants. Differences in the chemistry of these aquatic systems will control changes in surface properties of NPs and therefore could impact their environmental fate and toxicity. A series of batch experiments was conducted to determine the effect of natural waters with different solution chemistries on nanosilver (nAg) particle dispersion, stability, and toxicity. Toxicity assays were performed in tested natural waters as well as in traditional growth media. Briefly, nAg suspended in a natural water with a low ionic strength/dissolved organic carbon (DOC) ratio had an average particle size of 76.8 ± 0.4 nm and was less toxic to Ceriodaphnia dubia and Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (median lethal concentration [LC50] = 221 ppb and median inhibition concentration [IC50] = 1,600 ppb, respectively), whereas a natural water with a high ionic strength/DOC ratio had an average particle size of 192 ± 5.1 nm and produced a much higher toxicity response (LC50 = 0.433 ppb and IC50 = 22.6 ppb, respectively). These findings help to establish needed correlations between water-matrix-dependent nAg particle properties and toxicity implications and indicate that the use of traditional growth media in toxicity assays concerning engineered NPs might not always be appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianne McLaughlin
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Al-Reasi HA, Wood CM, Smith DS. Physicochemical and spectroscopic properties of natural organic matter (NOM) from various sources and implications for ameliorative effects on metal toxicity to aquatic biota. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2011; 103:179-190. [PMID: 21470554 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2011.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2010] [Revised: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 02/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Natural organic matter (NOM), expressed as dissolved organic carbon (DOC in mgCL(-1)), is an ubiquitous complexing agent in natural waters, and is now recognized as an important factor mitigating waterborne metal toxicity. However, the magnitude of the protective effect, judged by toxicity measures (e.g. LC50), varies substantially among different NOM sources even for similar DOC concentrations, implying a potential role of NOM physicochemical properties or quality of NOM. This review summarizes some key quality parameters for NOM samples, obtained by reverse osmosis, and by using correlation analyses, investigates their contribution to ameliorating metal toxicity towards aquatic biota. At comparable and environmentally realistic DOC levels, molecular spectroscopic characteristics (specific absorbance coefficient, SAC, and fluorescence index, FI) as well as concentrations of fluorescent fractions obtained from mathematical mixture resolution techniques (PARAFAC), explain considerable variability in the protective effects. NOM quality clearly influences the toxicity of copper (Cu) and lead (Pb). NOM quality may also influence the toxicity of silver (Ag), cadmium (Cd) and inorganic mercury (Hg), but as yet insufficient data are available to unequivocally support the latter correlations between toxicity reduction and NOM quality predictors. Cu binding capacities, protein-to-carbohydrate ratio, and lipophilicity, show insignificant correlation to the amelioration offered by NOMs, but these conclusions are based on data for Norwegian NOMs with very narrow ranges for the latter two parameters. Certainly, various NOMs alleviate metal toxicity differentially and therefore their quality measures should be considered in addition to their quantity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan A Al-Reasi
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada L8S 4K1
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