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Kim SH, Kim H, Jeong SH, Park EC. Association of the Type of Public Pension With Mental Health Among South Korean Older Adults: Longitudinal Observational Study. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2024; 10:e49129. [PMID: 38696246 PMCID: PMC11099812 DOI: 10.2196/49129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As income and health are closely related, retirement is considered undesirable for health. Many studies have shown the association between pension and health, but no research has considered the association between contribution-based public pensions or their types and health. OBJECTIVE This study investigates the association between the type of contributory public pension and depressive symptoms among older adults. METHODS We analyzed the data of 4541 older adults who participated in the South Korea Welfare Panel Study (2014-2020). Depressive symptoms were measured using the 11-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale. Public pensions in South Korea are classified into specific corporate pensions and national pensions. For subgroup analyses, pensioners were categorized according to the amount of pension received and the proportion of public pension over gross income. Analyses using generalized estimating equations were conducted for longitudinal data. RESULTS Individuals receiving public pension, regardless of the pension type, demonstrated significantly decreased depressive symptoms (national pension: β=-.734; P<.001; specific corporate pension: β=-.775; P=.02). For both pension types, the higher the amount of benefits, the lower were the depression scores. However, this association was absent for those who received the smaller amount among the specific corporate pensioners. In low-income households, the decrease in the depressive symptoms based on the amount of public pension benefits was greater (fourth quartile of national pension: β=-1.472; P<.001; second and third quartiles of specific corporate pension: β=-3.646; P<.001). CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that contributory public pension is significantly associated with lower depressive symptoms, and this association is prominent in low-income households. Thus, contributory public pensions may be good income sources for improving the mental health of older adults after retirement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hoon Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital Cheonan, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Chenonan, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunkyu Kim
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hoon Jeong
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- National Traffic Injury Rehabilitation Research Institute, National Traffic Injury Rehabilitation Hospital, Yangpyeong, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Cheol Park
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Wang X, Dai M, Xu J. Association of living alone and living alone time with hypertension among Chinese men aged 80 years and older: a cohort study. Front Public Health 2024; 11:1274955. [PMID: 38249394 PMCID: PMC10796616 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1274955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective There is little evidence of the influence of living alone on hypertension risk among men 80 years or older. Additionally, the influence of living alone duration on hypertension risk lacks thorough investigation. Hence, this cohort study examines living alone and its duration's link to hypertension risk in this specific group. Methods We included 2009 older men aged ≥80 years without hypertension from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey in the 2008 wave. Follow-up was conducted in the 2011 wave. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to assess hypertension risk related to living alone and living alone time. Results We included 2,009 older men, with a mean age of 90.7 years (standard deviation: 6.8). Over a median follow-up of 2.9 (1.3-3.0) years, 573 participants (28.5%) developed hypertension. Living alone was significantly associated with a higher hypertension risk than living with family (HR: 1.42; 95% CI 1.11-1.80). When compared to living with family, the hypertension risk was increased in the first quartile of living alone time (0-6.1 years) (HR: 1.76; 95% CI 1.16-2.66), the second quartile (6.1-10.6 years) (HR: 1.56; 95% CI 1.07-2.29), and the third quartile (10.6-19.3 years) (HR: 1.66; 95% CI 1.08-2.55). Surprisingly, no significant association was found in the fourth quartile (≥19.3 years) with hypertension risk. Stratified and Interaction analyses indicated no significant interaction effects between subgroups. Sensitivity analyses yielded consistent results. Conclusion Living alone was independently associated with an increased risk of hypertension in older men. The highest risk was found in those with the least time alone. These findings imply that social isolation and lack of companionship could be pivotal in hypertension development. Furthermore, the study highlights the need to consider living alone duration when assessing its impact on health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Department of Cardiology, Jiujiang First People’s Hospital, Jiujiang, China
| | - Miao Dai
- Department of Geriatrics, Jiujiang First People’s Hospital, Jiujiang, China
| | - Jingsong Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Lim JW, Park HOH, Kim MJ. Effects of safety and care services on psychological outcomes and housing satisfaction in Korean middle-aged and older adults living alone. J Public Health (Oxf) 2023; 45:e737-e745. [PMID: 37442560 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdad118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Korean society has witnessed a rapid increase in the number of single-person households at risk for loneliness or solitary deaths. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of safety and care services (SCS) on the psychological outcomes and housing satisfaction of Korean middle-aged and older adults living alone. METHODS This study was a randomized controlled trial on residents of public rental housing. A total of 40 people underwent a 3-month intervention. For the experimental group, a caring service IoT solution was installed in participants' houses, and coordinators provided services using IoT information. The control group received only visits by coordinators. RESULTS The experimental group showed significant positive changes in depressive symptoms. An interaction effect of time and condition was observed, indicating that the loneliness scores of the experimental group were significantly reduced, whereas those of their counterparts were negligible. Both groups showed significant decreases in suicidal thoughts. Housing satisfaction in both groups significantly increased over time, but group differences were observed. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated the positive effects of SCS on depressive symptoms, suicidal thoughts and housing satisfaction for people living alone, suggesting that technology can be a useful tool for helping vulnerable people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Won Lim
- Division of Social Welfare, Kangnam University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 16979, South Korea
| | - Hwa-Ok Hannah Park
- Division of Social Welfare, Kangnam University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 16979, South Korea
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Division of Social Welfare, Kangnam University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 16979, South Korea
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Zheng G, Zhou B, Fang Z, Jing C, Zhu S, Liu M, Chen X, Zuo L, Chen H, Hao G. Living alone and the risk of depressive symptoms: a cross-sectional and cohort analysis based on the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:853. [PMID: 37978367 PMCID: PMC10655346 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05370-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There were a few studies that examined the longitudinal association between living alone and depressive symptoms, and the vast majority of them were conducted in patients with certain diseases, such as heart failure, cancer, and glaucoma. This study aimed to examine the association between living alone and depressive symptoms in a large representative older Chinese population. METHODS The China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) data from 2015 to 2018 were used. Living alone was defined as participants who did not live with others ever or more than 11 months in the past year at baseline. Depressive symptoms were measured using the 10-item Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D10). The multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate the relationship between living alone and depressive symptoms. RESULTS There were 5,311 and 2,696 participants ≥ 60 years old included in the cross-sectional and cohort analysis, respectively. The risk of depressive symptoms in participants who lived alone was significantly higher than those who lived with others in both cross-sectional (OR:1.33; 95%CI:1.14,1.54) and cohort analysis (OR:1.23; 95%CI:0.97,1.55). There was a significant interaction between financial support and living alone (Pinteraction = 0.008) on the risk of depressive symptoms. Stratified analyses showed that, compared to those who lived with others, the risk of depressive symptoms in participants who lived alone increased by 83% (OR:1.83; 95%CI:1.26,2.65) in participants receiving lower financial support. However, we did not find statistically significant associations in participants with medium (OR:1.10; 95%CI: 0.74,1.63) and higher financial support (OR: 0.87; 95%CI: 0.53,1.41). CONCLUSION Living alone was associated with a higher risk of depressive symptoms in the Chinese older population, and this association was moderated by the receipt of financial support. Living alone may be an effective and easy predictor for early identification of high-risk populations of depression in the older population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangjun Zheng
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Biying Zhou
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenger Fang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunxia Jing
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sui Zhu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingliang Liu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xia Chen
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Zuo
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Chen
- Department of Parasitic Disease and Endemic Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guang Hao
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Public Health Detection and Assessment, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 283 Jianghai Avenue, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China.
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Wang X, Yuan X, Xia B, He Q, Jie W, Dai M. Living Alone Increases the Risk of Hypertension in Older Chinese Adults: A Population-Based Longitudinal Study. Innov Aging 2023; 7:igad071. [PMID: 37502337 PMCID: PMC10370894 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igad071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Cross-sectional studies have suggested a potential association between living alone and hypertension risk, but longitudinal evidence remains limited. We aimed to investigate the correlation between living alone, alterations in living arrangements, and hypertension risk among older adults utilizing a population-based longitudinal design. Research Design and Methods The study included 8 782 older adults (≥65 years) without hypertension from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. Participants were surveyed during the 2008 and 2011/2012 waves and were subsequently followed up in the next wave. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg, or a self-reported diagnosis of hypertension by a physician. Cox proportional hazards model was used to explore the association between living alone and hypertension. Additionally, we analyzed how switching living arrangements during the follow-up period affects hypertension. Results During a median follow-up of 2.8 (1.7-3.0) years, 2 750 hypertension events occurred. Compared with living with family, the hazard ratio (HR) (95% confidence interval [CI]) of living alone was 1.19 (1.06-1.33) for hypertension. Similarly, persisting in living alone during follow-up increased the risk of hypertension compared to continuing to live with family (HR 1.24; 95% CI: 1.06-1.45). Compared to married participants who continued to live with family, widowed/divorced participants who transitioned from living with family to living alone experienced a higher risk of hypertension (HR 1.21; 95% CI: 1.00-1.47). Stratified analyses showed that living alone was only associated with an increased hypertension risk for participants aged >80, men, and rural residents. Discussion and Implications Living alone at baseline or persisting in living alone during follow-up correlated with increased hypertension risk. Divorced or widowed individuals who transitioned from living with family to living alone were still at risk. These results indicate that social support and living arrangements may be important in preventing hypertension in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Jiujiang No. 1 People’s Hospital, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiangyang Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Jiujiang No. 1 People’s Hospital, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Bin Xia
- Department of Geriatrics, Jiujiang No. 1 People’s Hospital, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Quan He
- Medical Records Department, Jiujiang No. 1 People’s Hospital, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wei Jie
- Department of Geriatrics, Jiujiang No. 1 People’s Hospital, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Miao Dai
- Department of Geriatrics, Jiujiang No. 1 People’s Hospital, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
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Hou B, Zhang H. Latent profile analysis of depression among older adults living alone in China. J Affect Disord 2023; 325:378-385. [PMID: 36640808 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.12.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of older adults living alone has increased significantly. Depression is one of the significant mental health problems they face; classifying depressive conditions into homogeneous subgroups can help discover hidden information. METHODS The data comes from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS). Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to identify depression subgroups among elderly living alone, Chi-square tests and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to univariate analysis, multinomial logistic regression was used to analyze the related factors. RESULTS 1831 older adults living alone were identified and classified as low-level (30.4 %), moderate-level (55.3 %) and high-level (14.4 %). All variables, except age, were significant in the univariate analysis. Multinomial logistic regression showed that not participating in exercise, sometimes interacting with friends, anxiety symptoms, and impaired IADL were associated with the moderate- and high-level of depression in older adults living alone; good or fair self-rated health and life satisfaction were associated with the low-level of depression in older adults living alone. Anxiety symptoms were associated with high-level of depression in older adults living alone compared to moderate-level; good or fair self-rated health and life satisfaction were associated with moderate-level of depression in older adults living alone. LIMITATIONS The CES-D-10 cannot fully determine the presence of depression in elderly people living alone at high-level. CONCLUSIONS In future primary health care, it would be more meaningful to provide targeted interventions for different subgroups of depression in older adults living alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailing Hou
- Department of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Huijun Zhang
- Department of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China.
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Li S, Wang Y, Xu L, Ni Y, Xi Y. Mental health service needs and mental health of old adults living alone in urban and rural areas in China: The role of coping styles. Geriatr Nurs 2023; 50:124-131. [PMID: 36774679 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2023.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the level and relationship between the mental health service needs (MHSN), coping styles (CS), and mental health (MH) of old adults living alone in urban and rural, and to explore the moderating effects of coping styles. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 717 older adults living alone. The survey measured MHSN, CS, and MH. Data were analyzed using a structural equation and bootstrapping method. There were significant differences in the MHSN, CS, and MH between urban and rural old adults living alone (P < 0.05). The model of the impact of MHSN on MH in urban and rural old adults living alone showed a good fit. These findings highlighted the importance of high MHSN and positive CS as potential protective factors of mental health in old adults living alone. This provides a theoretical basis for psychological nursing for old adults living alone in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Li
- Department of Nursing, College of Medical Science, Huzhou University, 759 Second Ring Road, Huzhou District, Zhejiang 313000, China.
| | - Yuecong Wang
- Department of Nursing, College of Medical Science, Huzhou University, 759 Second Ring Road, Huzhou District, Zhejiang 313000, China
| | - Lijun Xu
- Department of Nursing, College of Medical Science, Huzhou University, 759 Second Ring Road, Huzhou District, Zhejiang 313000, China
| | - Yingyuan Ni
- Department of Nursing, College of Medical Science, Huzhou University, 759 Second Ring Road, Huzhou District, Zhejiang 313000, China
| | - Yingxue Xi
- Department of Nursing, College of Medical Science, Huzhou University, 759 Second Ring Road, Huzhou District, Zhejiang 313000, China
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Isomatsu D, Sato A, Sakuma Y, Kurosawa Y, Muto Y, Sato Y, Kiko T, Shimizu T, Misaka T, Yoshihisa A, Yamaki T, Nakazato K, Ishida T, Takeishi Y. The Prognostic Implications of Living Alone on Long-Term Mortality in Patients with Chronic Coronary Syndrome after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. Int Heart J 2023; 64:584-589. [PMID: 37518338 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.23-063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Living alone is associated with increased cardiac events and mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction. However, the prognostic impact of living alone with chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) still remains unclear. In the present study, we examined the relationship between living alone and long-term mortality in patients with CCS who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Consecutive 830 patients with CCS who underwent PCI were enrolled and divided into 2 groups according to whether or not they were living alone at the time of admission (living alone group and non-living alone group). We compared the clinical characteristics between the 2 groups and followed up cardiac mortality. The living alone group was younger compared with the non-living alone group (67.5 versus 70.7 years old, P = 0.017). The prevalence of comorbidities, including coronary risk factors, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, stroke, peripheral artery disease, coronary lesion characteristics, laboratory data, and left ventricular ejection fraction, were comparable between the 2 groups. During the follow-up period (median 1,622 days), 52 cardiac deaths occurred. In the Kaplan-Meier analysis, cardiac mortality was significantly higher in the living alone group than in the non-living alone group (24% versus 11%, P = 0.008). In the multivariable Cox proportional hazard analyses after adjusting for possible confounding factors, living alone was an independent predictor of cardiac mortality (hazard ratio, 2.426, 95% confidence interval 1.225-4.804, P = 0.011).Among CCS patients who underwent PCI, living alone was associated with high long-term cardiac mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Isomatsu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University
| | - Akihiko Sato
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University
| | - Yuya Sakuma
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University
| | - Yuta Kurosawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University
| | - Yuki Muto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University
| | - Yu Sato
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University
| | - Takatoyo Kiko
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University
| | - Takeshi Shimizu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University
| | - Tomofumi Misaka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University
| | - Akiomi Yoshihisa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Fukushima Medical University School of Health Science
| | - Takayoshi Yamaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University
| | | | - Takafumi Ishida
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University
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Association of Co-Living and Age on the Type of Sports Practiced by Older People. Sports (Basel) 2022; 10:sports10120200. [PMID: 36548497 PMCID: PMC9785896 DOI: 10.3390/sports10120200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introdution: The environment and the type of co-living of older people are crucial to understanding how the nature of their context influences a healthy lifestyle. However, no studies have investigated to what extent their type of co-living may be associated with the sports and the profile practice according to their age. Objective: This study aimed to assess the association between the types of co-living and the age of the physically active elderly and the sports they practice. Hypothesis: It is thought that the age, situation, and satisfaction with the way of living in physically active older people differ according to the type of sport they practice. Methods: Cross-sectional study. We included 358 individuals aged between 61 and 93 years old (M = 69.66, SD = 4.74). Type of co-living was classified as living alone or living with others. The sports activities evaluated were: gym, dance, water activities, and yoga/pilates. Differences in the type of co-living and sports practiced were evaluated by ANOVA or Chi2. Results: Among the elderly who practice gymnastics, most of them live alone and in a tight core (p < 0.001) (Phi = 0.244). Furthermore, those who practice aquatic activities are more frequently the youngest (p < 0.001) (Phi = 0.198). Conclusion: Older people who do gymnastics have smaller living groups, those under 69 opt for gymnastics and aquatic activities, while those aged 70 and over prefer dance, yoga, and pilates.
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Gender and Psychosocial Differences in Psychological Resilience among a Community of Older Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12091414. [PMID: 36143198 PMCID: PMC9504613 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12091414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed at exploring gender and additional sociodemographic differences in psychological resilience, as well as the association between resilience and psychological distress in older adults, during the first lockdown in Italy, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants attended an online survey during the first lockdown in May 2020. Psychological distress was assessed through the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21, the Resilience Scale (RS) was administered to evaluate psychological resilience, and sociodemographic variables were also collected. The study involved 108 community older adults (mean age 70.02 ± 3.5 years). Comparisons revealed that women reported significantly lower total scores of RS (p = 0.027), as well as lower levels of resilience-related domains, namely Meaningfulness (p = 0.049), Self-Reliance (p = 0.011), Perseverance (p = 0.035), and Existential Aloneness (p = 0.014), compared to men. Significantly higher RS scores were found in older adults being involved in a relationship, compared to those not involved in relationships (p = 0.026), and in older adults with children (p = 0.015), compared to those without offspring, suggesting the importance for older adults of not dealing alone with such a dramatic and stressful event, such as the pandemic. Negative correlations were found between psychological resilience and stress, depression, and anxiety. Linear regressions revealed that lower RS total scores, as well as lower scores in the majority of the RS scales, were associated with greater levels of stress, greater levels of anxiety, and greater levels of depressive symptoms. This study suggested that older women might appear more vulnerable in facing the pandemic, compared to men; having not lived alone through the lockdown period might also be considered as a factor of resilience for older adults.
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The Relationship between Living Arrangements and Sleep Quality in Older Adults: Gender Differences. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19073893. [PMID: 35409576 PMCID: PMC8997604 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19073893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: This study examined the effects of living arrangements on the quality of sleep among older adults and analyzed related gender differences; (2) Methods: A total of 4756 older adults in Seoul were included. After adjusting for socio-demographic factors, older adults living alone showed a poorer sleep quality compared with those living with others; (3) Results: When we analyzed the effects of living arrangements on sleep quality by gender, there was no difference in the risk of poor sleep quality between male older adults living alone and those living with others (OR = 1.089, 95% CI = 0.729–1.628), whereas the risk of poor sleep quality was higher for female older adults living alone than those living with others (OR = 1.359, 95% CI = 1.088–1.696); (4) Conclusions: In this study, we have confirmed that older women living alone had poor sleep quality compared to older men. Hence, gender-based approaches will be helpful when providing social support resources to older adults living alone.
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Wu D, Liu F, Huang S. Assessment of the relationship between living alone and the risk of depression based on longitudinal studies: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:954857. [PMID: 36111305 PMCID: PMC9468273 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.954857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Living alone is one of the most common psychosocial factors that may have an impact on lifestyle management and health status. Although many previous cross-sectional studies have found that living alone increases the risk of depression. However, this risk has rarely been assessed on the basis of longitudinal studies. Therefore, we will explore this relationship on the basis of longitudinal studies. METHODS We systematically searched Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane databases up to May 2022. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled by a random-effects model using an inverse variance method. RESULTS Seven studies (six cohort studies and one case-control study) were included in our study. A total of 123,859 without a history of psychosis individuals were included, and the proportion of females was 65.3%. We applied a random-effects model to minimize the heterogeneity. Overall, the pooled data suggest that people living alone are associated with an increased risk of depression compared to those who do not live alone (OR 1.42, 95%CI 1.19-1.70). CONCLUSION Compared to people who live with others, living alone increases the risk of depression. Only cross-sectional studies and a few longitudinal studies currently support this association; more high-quality studies will be required in the future to confirm this causal association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daolin Wu
- Department of Sleep Medicine, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, China
| | - Fuwei Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, China
| | - Shan Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Ganzhou, Ganzhou, China
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Kim SH, Kim H, Joo HJ, Jeong SH, Park EC, Jang SI. Impact of changes in housing tenure and affordability status on depressive symptoms: Evidence from a longitudinal study. J Affect Disord 2021; 295:40-49. [PMID: 34403933 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Housing is an important social determinant of health. We investigated effects of changes in housing tenure and affordability on depressive symptoms. METHODS Data of 9,956 individuals aged >20 years from the Korea Welfare Panel Study (2015-2020) were analyzed. Housing tenure was categorized as homeowners or tenants. Individuals with housing-related expenditures exceeding 30% of household income were defined as having housing unaffordability. Analyses using generalized estimating equations were conducted to evaluate the relationship between changes in housing tenure and affordability on depressive symptoms measured with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. RESULTS Individuals who became tenants (β = 0.326, p = 0.027) or were persistent tenants (β = 0.542, p<0.001) demonstrated significantly more severe depressive symptoms than persistent homeowners. Individuals with new (β = 0.562, p < 0.001) or consistent housing unaffordability (β = 1.032, p = 0.036) showed increased depressive symptoms compared with those with persistent housing affordability. Depressive symptoms were reduced in new homeowners and those who left housing unaffordability status (β = -0.807, p = 0.031). The interaction between housing tenure and affordability on depressive symptoms differed by age and household composition. Housing tenure at post-retirement age and single-person households were associated with a decrease in depressive symptoms, respectively. LIMITATIONS All housing-related factors, especially different domains of housing insecurity including unstable neighborhoods or reasons for moving, have not been identified. CONCLUSIONS Changes in housing tenure, affordability, and the two combined were significantly associated with depressive symptoms. Furthermore, the degree of interactive effect varied among age groups and household composition. Housing welfare policies that can stabilize housing tenure and affordability might help prevent depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hoon Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunkyu Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Joo
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hoon Jeong
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Cheol Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-In Jang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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