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Du Y, Su J, Yan M, Wang Q, Wang T, Gao S, Tian Y, Wang Y, Chen S, Lv G, Yu J. Polymethoxyflavones in citrus extract has a beneficial effect on hypercholesterolemia rats by promoting liver cholesterol metabolism. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 322:117644. [PMID: 38135227 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Hyperlipidemia is characterized by the disorder of lipid metabolism accompanied by oxidative stress damage, and low-grade inflammation, with the pathway of cholesterol and bile acid metabolic are an important triggering mechanism. Polymethoxyflavones (PMFs) are the active constituents of Aurantii Fructus Immaturus, which have many biological effects, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant activities, anti-obesity, suppressing adipogenesis in adipocytes, and ameliorate type 2 diabetes, with potential roles for regulation of lipid metabolism. However, its associated mechanisms on hyperlipidemia remain unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to identify the anti-hypercholesterolemia effects and mechanisms of PMFs in a hypercholesterolemia model triggered by high-fat compounds in an excessive alcohol diet (HFD). MATERIALS AND METHODS A hypercholesterolemia rat model was induced by HFD, and PMFs was intragastric administered at 125 and 250 mg/kg daily for 16 weeks. The effects of PMFs on hypercholesterolemia were assessed using serum lipids, inflammatory cytokines, and oxidative stress levels. Hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) and Oil Red O staining were performed to evaluate histopathological changes in the rat liver. The levels of total cholesterol (TC) and total bile acid (TBA) in the liver and feces were determined to evaluate lipid metabolism. RAW264.7 and BRL cells loaded with NBD-cholesterol were used to simulate the reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) process in vitro. The signaling pathway of cholesterol and bile acid metabolic was evaluated by Western Blotting (WB) and qRT-PCR. RESULTS Lipid metabolism disorders, oxidative stress injury, and low-grade inflammation in model rats were ameliorated by PMFs administration. Numerous vacuoles and lipid droplets in hepatocytes were markedly reduced. In vitro experiments results revealed decreased NBD-cholesterol levels in RAW264.7 cells and increased NBD-cholesterol levels in BRL cells following PMFs intervention. PMFs upregulated the expression of proteins associated with the RCT pathway, such as LXRα, ABCA1, LDLR, and SR-BI, thereby promoting TC entry into the liver. Meanwhile, the expression of proteins associated with cholesterol metabolism and efflux pathways such as CYP7A1, CYP27A1, CYP7B1, ABCG5/8, ABCB1, and BSEP were regulated, thereby promoting cholesterol metabolism. Moreover, PMFs treatment regulated the expression of proteins related to the pathway of enterohepatic circulation of bile acids, such as ASBT, OSTα, NTCP, FXR, FGF15, and FGFR4, thereby maintaining lipid metabolism. CONCLUSIONS PMFs might ameliorate hypercholesterolemia by promoting the entry of cholesterol into the liver through the RCT pathway, followed by excretion via metabolism pathways of cholesterol and bile acid. These findings provide a promising therapeutic potential for PMFs to treat hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhong Du
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, 030607, China
| | - Jie Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Meiqiu Yan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Qirui Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Ting Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China; School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, 318000, China
| | - Su Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Yajuan Tian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Yibei Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Suhong Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China.
| | - Guiyuan Lv
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China.
| | - Jingjing Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China.
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Alharbi KS, Singh Y, Afzal O, Alfawaz Altamimi AS, Kazmi I, Al-Abbasi FA, Alzarea SI, Chellappan DK, Singh SK, Dua K, Gupta G. Molecular explanation of Wnt/βcatenin antagonist pyrvinium mediated calcium equilibrium changes in aging cardiovascular disorders. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:11101-11111. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07863-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Diagnostic and Therapeutic Roles of Extracellular Vesicles in Aging-Related Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:6742792. [PMID: 35979398 PMCID: PMC9377967 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6742792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Aging shows a decline in overall physical function, and cellular senescence is the powerful catalyst leading to aging. Considering that aging will be accompanied with the emergence of various aging-related diseases, research on new antiaging drugs is still valuable. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), as tools for intercellular communication, are important components of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), and they can play pathological roles in the process of cellular senescence. In addition, EVs are similar to their original cells in functions. Therefore, EVs derived from pathological tissues or body fluids may be closely related to the progression of diseases and become potential biomarkers, while those from healthy cells may have therapeutic effects. Moreover, EVs are satisfactory drug carriers. At present, numerous studies have supported the idea that engineered EVs could improve drug targeting ability and utilization efficiency. Here, we summarize the characteristics of EVs and cellular senescence and focus on the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of EVs in various aging-related diseases, including Alzheimer disease, osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus and its complications, and skin aging.
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Wu H, Li X, Qian J, Zhao X, Yao Y, Lv Q, Ge J. Development and Validation of a Novel Tool for the Prediction of Clopidogrel Response in Chinese Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients: The GeneFA Score. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:854867. [PMID: 35387342 PMCID: PMC8977638 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.854867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Growing evidence indicated that CYP2C19 genotypes could only explain a fraction of the pharmacodynamic response to clopidogrel, while a number of clinical factors also have contributing roles. Our objective was to develop a new risk score to improve prognostication of ischemic events in Chinese patients treated with clopidogrel. Methods: A new risk score was developed and internally validated in 445 patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) undergoing coronary stenting. The final score was named the GeneFA score based on the inclusion of CYP2C19 genotype, fibrinogen, and age. External validation of the GeneFA score and comparison with the ABCD-GENE score were performed in an independent ACS cohort. Results: Based on the observed frequencies of high platelet reactivity (HRPR) in relation to the GeneFA risk score, a relatively higher clinical HRPR was observed in the upper quintile with a representative score of 3 (52.90%) and 4 (59.10%), whereas it was found less frequently in groups with scores 0 (6.70%), 1 (15.10%), and 2 (16.70%). Participants with a GeneFA score >2 had an increased risk of HRPR (54.3 vs. 14.7%, p < 0.001) and ischemic recurrence (20.7 vs. 5.4%, p < 0.001). The GeneFA score exhibited a better prediction for high HRPR patients as compared to the ABCD-GENE score (p < 0.001). In the validation population, GeneFA illustrated a similarly high prognostic value for HRPR incidence (C-statistic: 0.855 for GeneFA and 0.843 for ABCD-GENE) and ischemic recurrence (C-statistic: 0.726 for GeneFA and 0.724 for ABCD-GENE) on clopidogrel as compared to ABCD-GENE. Conclusion: The GeneFA risk score had a moderate predictive ability for HRPR on clopidogrel for CAD patients in Chinese populations. The predictive value of the GeneFA score was consistent with the ABCD-GENE score for HRPR identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyi Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoye Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juying Qian
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianzhou Lv
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Kulminski AM, Philipp I, Shu L, Culminskaya I. Definitive roles of TOMM40-APOE-APOC1 variants in the Alzheimer's risk. Neurobiol Aging 2022; 110:122-131. [PMID: 34625307 PMCID: PMC8758518 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Despite advances, the roles of genetic variants from the APOE-harboring 19q13.32 region in Alzheimer's disease (AD) remain controversial. We leverage a comprehensive approach to gain insights into a more homogeneous genetic architecture of AD in this region. We use a sample of 2,673 AD-affected and 16,246 unaffected subjects from 4 studies and validate our main findings in the landmark Alzheimer's Disease Genetics Consortium cohort (3,662 AD-cases and 1,541 controls). We report the remarkably high excesses of the AD risk for carriers of the ε4 allele who also carry minor alleles of rs2075650 (TOMM40) and rs12721046 (APOC1) polymorphisms compared to carriers of their major alleles. The exceptionally high 4.37-fold (p=1.34 × 10-3) excess was particularly identified for the minor allele homozygotes. The beneficial and adverse variants were significantly depleted and enriched, respectively, in the AD-affected families. This study provides compelling evidence for the definitive roles of the APOE-TOMM40-APOC1 variants in the AD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M. Kulminski
- Corresponding Author: Alexander M. Kulminski, Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA,
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Basavaraju P, Balasubramani R, Kathiresan DS, Devaraj I, Babu K, Alagarsamy V, Puthamohan VM. Genetic Regulatory Networks of Apolipoproteins and Associated Medical Risks. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:788852. [PMID: 35071357 PMCID: PMC8770923 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.788852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoproteins (APO proteins) are the lipoprotein family proteins that play key roles in transporting lipoproteins all over the body. There are nearly more than twenty members reported in the APO protein family, among which the A, B, C, E, and L play major roles in contributing genetic risks to several disorders. Among these genetic risks, the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), involving the variation of single nucleotide base pairs, and their contributing polymorphisms play crucial roles in the apolipoprotein family and its concordant disease heterogeneity that have predominantly recurred through the years. In this review, we have contributed a handful of information on such genetic polymorphisms that include APOE, ApoA1/B ratio, and A1/C3/A4/A5 gene cluster-based population genetic studies carried throughout the world, to elaborately discuss the effects of various genetic polymorphisms in imparting various medical conditions, such as obesity, cardiovascular, stroke, Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, vascular complications, and other associated risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preethi Basavaraju
- Biomaterials and Nano-Medicine Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Rubadevi Balasubramani
- Biomaterials and Nano-Medicine Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Divya Sri Kathiresan
- Biomaterials and Nano-Medicine Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Ilakkiyapavai Devaraj
- Biomaterials and Nano-Medicine Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Kavipriya Babu
- Biomaterials and Nano-Medicine Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Vasanthakumar Alagarsamy
- Biomaterials and Nano-Medicine Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Vinayaga Moorthi Puthamohan
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
- *Correspondence: Vinayaga Moorthi Puthamohan
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7
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Ni X, Bai C, Nie C, Qi L, Liu Y, Yuan H, Zhu X, Sun L, Zhou Q, Li Y, Zhen H, Su H, Li R, Lan R, Pang G, Lv Y, Zhang W, Yang F, Yao Y, Chen C, Wang Z, Gao D, Zhang N, Zhang S, Zhang L, Wu Z, Hu C, Zeng Y, Yang Z. Identification and replication of novel genetic variants of ABO gene to reduce the incidence of diseases and promote longevity by modulating lipid homeostasis. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:24655-24674. [PMID: 34812738 PMCID: PMC8660604 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Genes related to human longevity have not been studied so far, and need to be investigated thoroughly. This study aims to explore the relationship among ABO gene variants, lipid levels, and longevity phenotype in individuals (≥90yrs old) without adverse outcomes. A genotype-phenotype study was performed based on 5803 longevity subjects and 7026 younger controls from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS). Four ABO gene variants associated with healthy longevity (rs8176719 C, rs687621 G, rs643434 A, and rs505922 C) were identified and replicated in the CLHLS GWAS data analysis and found significantly higher in longevity individuals than controls. The Bonferroni adjusted p-value and OR range were 0.013-0.020 and 1.126-1.151, respectively. According to the results of linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis, the above four variants formed a block on the ABO gene (D’=1, r2range = 0.585-0.995). The carriers with genotypes rs687621 GG, rs643434 AX, or rs505922 CX (prange = 2.728 x 10-107-5.940 x 10-14; ORrange = 1.004-4.354) and haplotype CGAC/XGXX (p = 2.557 x 10-27; OR = 2.255) had a substantial connection with longevity, according to the results of genetic model analysis. Following the genotype and metabolic phenotype analysis, it has been shown that the longevity individuals with rs687621 GG, rs643434 AX, and rs505922 CX had a positive association with HDL-c, LDL-c, TC, TG (prange = 2.200 x 10-5-0.036, ORrange = 1.546-1.709), and BMI normal level (prange = 2.690 x 10-4-0.026, ORrange = 1.530-1.997). Finally, two pathways involving vWF/ADAMTS13 and the inflammatory markers (sE-selectin/ICAM1) that co-regulated lipid levels by glycosylation and effects on each other were speculated. In conclusion, the association between the identified longevity-associated ABO variants and better health lipid profile was elucidated, thus the findings can help in maintaining normal lipid metabolic phenotypes in the longevity population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Ni
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, P.R. China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Chen Bai
- Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.,Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Chao Nie
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518083, P.R. China
| | - Liping Qi
- College of Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Cangzhou 061100, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Yifang Liu
- Joint Graduate Program of Peking-Tsinghua-NIBS, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Huiping Yuan
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoquan Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Liang Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Qi Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Yan Li
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518083, P.R. China
| | - Hefu Zhen
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518083, P.R. China
| | - Huabing Su
- Jiangbin Hospital, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530021, P.R. China
| | - Rongqiao Li
- Jiangbin Hospital, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530021, P.R. China
| | - Rushu Lan
- Jiangbin Hospital, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530021, P.R. China
| | - Guofang Pang
- Jiangbin Hospital, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530021, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Lv
- Jiangbin Hospital, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530021, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Jiangbin Hospital, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530021, P.R. China
| | - Fan Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, P.R. China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Yao Yao
- Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.,Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Chen Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoping Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Danni Gao
- Peking University Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Nan Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Shenqi Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, P.R. China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, P.R. China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Zhu Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Caiyou Hu
- Jiangbin Hospital, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530021, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zeng
- Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.,Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Ze Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, P.R. China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
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Huang X, Wilkie R, Mamas MA, Yu D. Prevalence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Osteoarthritis Patients Derived from Primary Care Records: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies. JOURNAL OF DIABETES AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2021; 3. [PMID: 35784898 PMCID: PMC7612956 DOI: 10.33696/diabetes.3.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Background People with osteoarthritis are at a high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Detecting CVD risk factors in this high-risk population will help to improve CVD outcomes. Primary care electronic health records (EHRs) provide opportunities for the surveillance of CVD risk factors in the osteoarthritis population. This paper aimed to systematically review evidence of prevalence estimates of CVD risk factors in people with osteoarthritis derived from primary care EHRs. Methods Eight databases including MEDLINE were systematically searched till January 2019. Observational studies using primary care EHRs data to estimate the prevalence of six CVD risk factors in people with osteoarthritis were included. A narrative review was conducted to summarize study results. Results Six studies were identified. High heterogeneity between studies prevented the calculation of pooled estimates. One study reported the prevalence of smoking (12.5%); five reported hypertensions (range: 19.7%-55.5%); four reported obesities (range: 34.4%-51.6%); two reported dyslipidemias (6.0%, 13.3%); five reported diabetes (range: 5.2%-18.6%); and one reported chronic kidney disease (1.8%) in people with osteoarthritis. One study reported a higher prevalence of hypertension (Odds Ratio (OR) 1.25, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.19-1.32), obesity (OR 2.44, 95%CI 2.33-2.55), dyslipidemia (OR 1.24, 95%CI 1.14-1.35) and diabetes (1.11, 95%CI 1.02-1.22) in the osteoarthritis population compared with the matched non-osteoarthritis population. Conclusions From studies identified in this review that had used primary care EHRs, prevalence estimates of CVD risk factors were higher in people with osteoarthritis compared with those without. These estimates may provide baseline frequency of CVD risk factors in osteoarthritis patients in primary care, although this is limited by the small number of studies and high heterogeneity. Further studies of frequency, using primary care EHRs, will help to answer whether this data source can be used for evaluating approaches to manage CVD risk factors in osteoarthritis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Huang
- Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis, School of Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Ross Wilkie
- Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis, School of Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Mamas A Mamas
- Keele Cardiovascular Research Group, Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Dahai Yu
- Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis, School of Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
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9
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Nutrigenomics of Dietary Lipids. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10070994. [PMID: 34206632 PMCID: PMC8300813 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10070994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary lipids have a major role in nutrition, not only for their fuel value, but also as essential and bioactive nutrients. This narrative review aims to describe the current evidence on nutrigenomic effects of dietary lipids. Firstly, the different chemical and biological properties of fatty acids contained both in plant- and animal-based food are illustrated. A description of lipid bioavailability, bioaccessibility, and lipotoxicity is provided, together with an overview of the modulatory role of lipids as pro- or anti-inflammatory agents. Current findings concerning the metabolic impact of lipids on gene expression, epigenome, and gut microbiome in animal and human studies are summarized. Finally, the effect of the individual’s genetic make-up on lipid metabolism is described. The main goal is to provide an overview about the interaction between dietary lipids and the genome, by identifying and discussing recent scientific evidence, recognizing strengths and weaknesses, to address future investigations and fill the gaps in the current knowledge on metabolic impact of dietary fats on health.
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10
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Abstract
The human lifespan and quality of life depend on complex interactions among genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. Aging research has been remarkably advanced by the development of high-throughput "omics" technologies. Differences between chronological and biological ages, and identification of factors (eg, nutrition) that modulate the rate of aging can now be assessed at the individual level on the basis of telomere length, the epigenome, and the metabolome. Nevertheless, the understanding of the different responses of people to dietary factors, which is the focus of precision nutrition research, remains incomplete. The lack of reliable dietary assessment methods constitutes a significant challenge in nutrition research, especially in elderly populations. For practical and successful personalized diet advice, big data techniques are needed to analyze and integrate the relevant omics (ie, genomic, epigenomic, metabolomics) with an objective and longitudinal capture of individual nutritional and environmental information. Application of such techniques will provide the scientific evidence and knowledge needed to offer actionable, personalized health recommendations to transform the promise of personalized nutrition into reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M Ordovas
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, JM-USDA-HNRCA at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Silvia Berciano
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, JM-USDA-HNRCA at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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11
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Xiao G, Zhang X, Zhang X, Chen Y, Xia Z, Cao H, Huang J, Cheng Q. Aging-related genes are potential prognostic biomarkers for patients with gliomas. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:13239-13263. [PMID: 33946049 PMCID: PMC8148480 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Aging has a significant role in the proliferation and development of cancers. This study explored the expression profiles, prognostic value, and potential roles of aging-related genes in gliomas. We designed risk score and cluster models based on aging-related genes and glioma cases using LASSO Cox regression analysis, consensus clustering analysis and univariate cox regression analyses. High risk score was related to malignant clinical features and poor prognosis based on 10 datasets, 2953 cases altogether. Genetic alterations analysis revealed that high risk scores were associated with genomic aberrations of aging-related oncogenes. GSVA analysis exhibited the potential function of the aging-related genes. More immune cell infiltration was found in high-risk group cases, and glioma patients in high-risk group may be more responsive to immunotherapy. Knock-down of CTSC, an aging-related gene, can inhibit cell cycle progression, colony formation, cell proliferation and increase cell senescence in glioma cell lines in vitro. Indeed, high expression of CTSC was associated with poor prognosis in glioma cases. In conclusion, this study revealed that aging-related genes have prognostic potential for glioma patients and further identified potential mechanisms for aging-related genes in tumorigenesis and progression in gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gelei Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Xiangyang Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Xun Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Yuanbing Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Zhiwei Xia
- Department of Neurology, Hunan Aerospace Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hui Cao
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second People’s Hospital of Hunan Province, Hunan, China
- The Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Hunan, China
| | - Jun Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Quan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, China
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12
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Genetic Association Studies of Age-Related Traits: New Perspectives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 3. [PMID: 33511377 PMCID: PMC7839997 DOI: 10.20900/agmr20210003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the role of genetic factors in non-Mendelian traits characteristic for post-reproductive life, herein referred to as age-related traits, is lagged behind the understanding of the genetic architecture of Mendelian traits. This lag calls for new, more comprehensive approaches in the analyses of age-related traits leveraging their characteristic features. This paper discusses the role of the inherent heterogeneity in genetic predisposition to age-related traits and pleiotropy. It shows that the comprehensive analyses leveraging such heterogeneity can substantially increase the efficiency and accelerate the progress in uncovering genetic predisposition to such traits.
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Nakazaki M, Oka S, Sasaki M, Kataoka-Sasaki Y, Nagahama H, Hashi K, Kocsis JD, Honmou O. Prolonged lifespan in a spontaneously hypertensive rat (stroke prone) model following intravenous infusion of mesenchymal stem cells. Heliyon 2021; 6:e05833. [PMID: 33392407 PMCID: PMC7773587 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Intravenous infusion of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been reported to provide therapeutic efficacy via microvascular remodeling in a spontaneously hypertensive rat. In this study, we demonstrate that intravenous infusion of MSCs increased the survival rate in a spontaneously hypertensive (stroke prone) rat model in which organs including kidney, brain, heart and liver are damaged during aging due to spontaneous hypertension. Gene expression analysis indicated that infused MSCs activates transforming growth factor-β1-smad3/forkhead box O1 signaling pathway. Renal dysfunction was recovered after MSC infusion. Collectively, intravenous infusion of MSC may extend lifespan in this model system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahito Nakazaki
- Department of Neural Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, 06510, USA.,Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, 06516, USA
| | - Shinichi Oka
- Department of Neural Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Masanori Sasaki
- Department of Neural Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, 06510, USA.,Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, 06516, USA
| | - Yuko Kataoka-Sasaki
- Department of Neural Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nagahama
- Department of Neural Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Kazuo Hashi
- Department of Neural Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Jeffery D Kocsis
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, 06510, USA.,Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, 06516, USA
| | - Osamu Honmou
- Department of Neural Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, 06510, USA.,Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, 06516, USA
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14
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Khalid S, Rasheed U, Qamar U. GenF: A longevity predicting framework to aid public health sectors. INFORMATICS IN MEDICINE UNLOCKED 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imu.2021.100751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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15
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Diet-gene interaction: effects of polymorphisms in the ACE, AGT and BDKRB2 genes and the consumption of sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium on blood pressure of normotensive adult individuals. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 476:1211-1219. [PMID: 33190196 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03983-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Functional variants in genes of the renin-angiotensin (RAS) and kallikrein-kinin (KKS) systems have already been implicated in blood pressure (BP) modulation, but few studies have focused on a nutrigenetics approach. Thus, the aim of this study is to verify the effects of the interaction between genetic polymorphisms (rs4340-ACE, rs699-AGT, and rs1799722-BDKRB2) and micronutrient consumption (sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium) on BP values of normotensive adult individuals. The study included 335 adults, men and women, 25.5 (6.6) years old. Biochemical, anthropometric, BP measurements, and food intake data were assessed for all participants. Gene-nutrient interaction on BP outcome was tested by multiple linear regression with manual backward stepwise modeling. Our results indicated that individuals with G allele for rs699 polymorphism, in the increase of sodium and magnesium consumption, both in the genotypic model (sodium, p = 0.035; magnesium, p = 0.016) and in the dominant model (sodium, p = 0.009; magnesium, p = 0.006) had higher systolic BP (SBP) levels compared to AA homozygotes (sodium, p = 0.001; magnesium, p < 0.001). Also, individuals with the T allele for the rs1799722 polymorphism, with higher calcium intake, had significantly higher levels of SBP and diastolic BP (DBP) when compared to CC homozygotes (p = 0.037). In conclusion, our findings pointed for significant interactions between genetic polymorphisms (rs699-AGT and rs1799722-BDKRB2) and the consumption of micronutrients (sodium, magnesium, and calcium) on the BP variation. These findings contribute to the understanding of the complex mechanisms involved in BP regulation, which probable include several gene-nutrition interactions.
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Du S, Ling H, Guo Z, Cao Q, Song C. Roles of exosomal miRNA in vascular aging. Pharmacol Res 2020; 165:105278. [PMID: 33166733 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a major risk factor for human diseases. As global average life expectancy has lengthened, delaying or reducing aging and age-related diseases has become an urgent issue for improving the quality of life. The vascular aging process represents an important link between aging and age-related diseases. Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles (EV) that can be secreted by almost all eukaryotic cells, and they deliver characteristic biological information about donor cells to regulate the cellular microenvironment, mediate signal transmission between neighboring or distant cells, and affect the expression of target genes in recipient cells. Many recent studies have shown that exosomal microribonucleic acids (miRNA) are involved in the regulation of vascular aging by participating in the physiological functions of vascular cells and the destruction and remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM). This review summarizes the regulatory functions of exosomal miRNA in vascular aging because they interact with the ECM, and participate in vascular cell senescence, and the regulation of senescence-related functions such as proliferation, migration, apoptosis, inflammation, and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Du
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Hao Ling
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Ziyuan Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Qidong Cao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Chunli Song
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China.
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17
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Kulminski AM, Loika Y, Nazarian A, Culminskaya I. Quantitative and Qualitative Role of Antagonistic Heterogeneity in Genetics of Blood Lipids. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2020; 75:1811-1819. [PMID: 31566214 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glz225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prevailing strategies in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) mostly rely on principles of medical genetics emphasizing one gene, one function, one phenotype concept. Here, we performed GWAS of blood lipids leveraging a new systemic concept emphasizing complexity of genetic predisposition to such phenotypes. We focused on total cholesterol, low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterols, and triglycerides available for 29,902 individuals of European ancestry from seven independent studies, men and women combined. To implement the new concept, we leveraged the inherent heterogeneity in genetic predisposition to such complex phenotypes and emphasized a new counter intuitive phenomenon of antagonistic genetic heterogeneity, which is characterized by misalignment of the directions of genetic effects and the phenotype correlation. This analysis identified 37 loci associated with blood lipids but only one locus, FBXO33, was not reported in previous top GWAS. We, however, found strong effect of antagonistic heterogeneity that leaded to profound (quantitative and qualitative) changes in the associations with blood lipids in most, 25 of 37 or 68%, loci. These changes suggested new roles for some genes, which functions were considered as well established such as GCKR, SIK3 (APOA1 locus), LIPC, LIPG, among the others. The antagonistic heterogeneity highlighted a new class of genetic associations emphasizing beneficial and adverse trade-offs in predisposition to lipids. Our results argue that rigorous analyses dissecting heterogeneity in genetic predisposition to complex traits such as lipids beyond those implemented in current GWAS are required to facilitate translation of genetic discoveries into health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Kulminski
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Yury Loika
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Alireza Nazarian
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Irina Culminskaya
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
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18
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Kulminski AM, Shu L, Loika Y, He L, Nazarian A, Arbeev K, Ukraintseva S, Yashin A, Culminskaya I. Genetic and regulatory architecture of Alzheimer's disease in the APOE region. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 12:e12008. [PMID: 32211503 PMCID: PMC7085286 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε2 and ε4 alleles encoded by rs7412 and rs429358 polymorphisms, respectively, are landmark contra and pro "risk" factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS We examined differences in linkage disequilibrium (LD) structures between (1) AD-affected and unaffected subjects and (2) older AD-unaffected and younger subjects in the 19q13.3 region harboring rs7412 and rs429358. RESULTS AD is associated with sex-nonspecific heterogeneous patterns of decreased and increased LD of rs7412 and rs429358, respectively, with other polymorphisms from five genes in this region in AD-affected subjects. The LD patterns in older AD-unaffected subjects resembled those in younger individuals. Polarization of the ε4- and ε2 allele-related heterogeneous LD clusters differentiated cell types and implicated specific tissues in AD pathogenesis. DISCUSSION Protection and predisposition to AD is characterized by an interplay of rs7412 and rs429358, with multiple polymorphisms in the 19q13.3 region in a tissue-specific manner, which is not driven by common evolutionary forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M. Kulminski
- Biodemography of Aging Research UnitSocial Science Research InstituteDuke UniversityDurhamNorth Carolina
| | - Leonardo Shu
- Biodemography of Aging Research UnitSocial Science Research InstituteDuke UniversityDurhamNorth Carolina
| | - Yury Loika
- Biodemography of Aging Research UnitSocial Science Research InstituteDuke UniversityDurhamNorth Carolina
| | - Liang He
- Biodemography of Aging Research UnitSocial Science Research InstituteDuke UniversityDurhamNorth Carolina
| | - Alireza Nazarian
- Biodemography of Aging Research UnitSocial Science Research InstituteDuke UniversityDurhamNorth Carolina
| | - Konstantin Arbeev
- Biodemography of Aging Research UnitSocial Science Research InstituteDuke UniversityDurhamNorth Carolina
| | - Svetlana Ukraintseva
- Biodemography of Aging Research UnitSocial Science Research InstituteDuke UniversityDurhamNorth Carolina
| | - Anatoliy Yashin
- Biodemography of Aging Research UnitSocial Science Research InstituteDuke UniversityDurhamNorth Carolina
| | - Irina Culminskaya
- Biodemography of Aging Research UnitSocial Science Research InstituteDuke UniversityDurhamNorth Carolina
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19
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APOE region molecular signatures of Alzheimer's disease across races/ethnicities. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 87:141.e1-141.e8. [PMID: 31813627 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The role of even the strongest genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele, in its etiology remains poorly understood. We examined molecular signatures of AD defined as differences in linkage disequilibrium patterns between AD-affected and -unaffected whites (2673/16,246), Hispanics (392/867), and African Americans (285/1789), separately. We focused on 29 polymorphisms from 5 genes in the APOE region emphasizing beneficial and adverse effects of the APOE ε2- and ε4-coding single-nucleotide polymorphisms, respectively, and the differences in the linkage disequilibrium structures involving these alleles between AD-affected and -unaffected subjects. Susceptibility to AD is likely the result of complex interactions of the ε2 and ε4 alleles with other polymorphisms in the APOE region, and these interactions differ across races/ethnicities corroborating differences in the adverse and beneficial effects of the ε4 and ε2 alleles. Our findings support complex race/ethnicity-specific haplotypes promoting and protecting against AD in this region. They contribute to better understanding of polygenic and resilient mechanisms, which can explain why even homozygous ε4 carriers may not develop AD.
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20
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Optimal threshold of adherence to lipid lowering drugs in predicting acute coronary syndrome, stroke, or mortality: A cohort study. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223062. [PMID: 31553787 PMCID: PMC6760888 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Thresholds defining medication adherence are rarely evidence-based. A threshold of 0.8 is typically presumed to achieve improved outcomes. We aimed to assess the optimal threshold of adherence to lipid-lowering drugs (LLD) in predicting cardiovascular-related (CV) outcomes in patients with hypertension. Design Cohort study of new users of LLDs. Setting Comprehensive healthcare administrative databases of the province of Alberta (Canada) from 2008 to 2016. Participants Patients with hypertension, who were new users of LLDs. Patients who had the outcomes prior to the initiation of LLD were excluded. Main outcomes measures Hospitalization for acute coronary syndrome (ACS)/stroke, CV-related mortality and all-cause mortality. Statistical analysis Adherence to LLDs was assessed as the proportion of days covered (PDC) by any LLD, from drug initiation to censoring, outcome, or study end. Three methods were used to assess the threshold: Contal and O'Quigley method, minimum distance method, and Youden's J index. Cox regressions were used to assess the risk associated with each method-specific threshold and Akaike information criteria were used to retain the optimal threshold after adjustment. Results 52229 patients were included; 4.0% were hospitalized for ACS/stroke, 3.4% died, and 1.3% died from CV-related cause. In predicting ACS/stroke, CV-related and all-cause mortality, the optimal adherence threshold was 0.52 (range: 0.51–0.54), 0.79 (0.45–0.87), and 0.84 (0.79–0.89), respectively. These results were consistent among patients aged ≥ 65 years (n = 19804). However, the results varied among those aged < 65 years, where the incidence rates of outcomes were low. Conclusion In new-users of LLDs with hypertension, approximately 50% days covered by LLDs may be enough to prevent long-term occurrence of ACS, or stroke. However, a threshold near 0.80 may be needed to prevent or reduce the risk of all-cause or CV-related mortality.
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21
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Kulminski AM, Huang J, Loika Y, Arbeev KG, Bagley O, Yashkin A, Duan M, Culminskaya I. Strong impact of natural-selection-free heterogeneity in genetics of age-related phenotypes. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 10:492-514. [PMID: 29615537 PMCID: PMC5892700 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A conceptual difficulty in genetics of age-related phenotypes that make individuals vulnerable to disease in post-reproductive life is genetic heterogeneity attributed to an undefined role of evolution in establishing their molecular mechanisms. Here, we performed univariate and pleiotropic genome-wide meta-analyses of 20 age-related phenotypes leveraging longitudinal information in a sample of 33,431 individuals and dealing with the natural-selection-free genetic heterogeneity. We identified 142 non-proxy single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with phenotype-specific (18 SNPs) and pleiotropic (124 SNPs) associations at genome-wide level. Univariate meta-analysis identified two novel (11.1%) and replicated 16 SNPs whereas pleiotropic meta-analysis identified 115 novel (92.7%) and nine replicated SNPs. Pleiotropic associations for most novel (93.9%) and all replicated SNPs were strongly impacted by the natural-selection-free genetic heterogeneity in its unconventional form of antagonistic heterogeneity, implying antagonistic directions of genetic effects for directly correlated phenotypes. Our results show that the common genome-wide approach is well adapted to handle homogeneous univariate associations within Mendelian framework whereas most associations with age-related phenotypes are more complex and well beyond that framework. Dissecting the natural-selection-free genetic heterogeneity is critical for gaining insights into genetics of age-related phenotypes and has substantial and unexplored yet potential for improving efficiency of genome-wide analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Kulminski
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Jian Huang
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Yury Loika
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Konstantin G Arbeev
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Olivia Bagley
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Arseniy Yashkin
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Matt Duan
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Irina Culminskaya
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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22
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Ishiyama Y, Hoshide S, Mizuno H, Kario K. Constipation-induced pressor effects as triggers for cardiovascular events. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2019; 21:421-425. [PMID: 30761728 DOI: 10.1111/jch.13489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Constipation is associated with cardiovascular events. Changes to the intestinal microbiota by constipation can induce atherosclerosis, blood pressure rise, and cardiovascular events. Constipation increases with age and often coexists with cardiovascular risk factors. In addition, strain at stool causes blood pressure rise, which can trigger cardiovascular events such as congestive heart failure, arrhythmia, acute coronary disease, and aortic dissection. However, because cardiovascular medical research often focuses on more dramatic interventions, the risk from constipation can be overlooked. Physicians caring for patients with cardiovascular disease should acknowledge constipation and straining with it as important cardiovascular risk, and prematurely intervene to prevent it. The authors review and discuss the relationship between constipation and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Ishiyama
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hoshide
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mizuno
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kazuomi Kario
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
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Santoro A, Bazzocchi A, Guidarelli G, Ostan R, Giampieri E, Mercatelli D, Scurti M, Berendsen A, Surala O, Jennings A, Meunier N, Caumon E, Gillings R, Kadi F, Capel F, Cashman KD, Pietruszka B, Feskens EJM, De Groot LCPGM, Battista G, Salvioli S, Franceschi C. A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Body Composition Among Healthy Elderly From the European NU-AGE Study: Sex and Country Specific Features. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1693. [PMID: 30555339 PMCID: PMC6283977 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Body composition (BC) is an emerging important factor for the characterization of metabolic status. The assessment of BC has been studied in various populations and diseases such as obesity, diabetes, endocrine diseases as well as physiological and paraphysiological conditions such as growth and aging processes, and physical training. A gold standard technique for the assessment of human BC at molecular level is represented by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), which is able to precisely assess the body mass (and areal bone mineral density-aBMD) on a regional and whole-body basis. For the first time, within the framework of the NU-AGE project, BC has been assessed by means of a whole-body DXA scan in 1121 sex-balanced free-living, apparently healthy older adults aged 65–79 years enrolled in 5 European countries (Italy, France, United Kingdom, Netherlands, and Poland). The aim of this analysis is to provide a complete profile of BC in healthy elderly participants from five European countries and to investigate country- and sex-related differences by state-of-the-art DXA technology. To compare BC data collected in different centers, specific indexes and ratios have been used. Non-parametric statistical tests showed sex-specific significant differences in certain BC parameters. In particular, women have higher fat mass (FM) (Fat/Lean mass ratio: by 67%, p < 2.2e-16) and lower lean mass (Lean Mass index: by -18%, p < 2.2e-16) than men. On the other hand, men have higher android FM than women (Android/gynoid FM ratio: by 56%, p < 2.2e-16). Interesting differences also emerged among countries. Polish elderly have higher FM (Fat/Lean mass ratio: by 52%, p < 2.2e-16) and lower lean mass (Skeletal Mass index: by -23%, p < 2.2e-16) than elderly from the other four countries. At variance, French elderly show lower FM (Fat/Lean mass ratio: by -34%, p < 2.2e-16) and higher lean mass (Skeletal Mass index: by 18%, p < 2.2e-16). Moreover, five BC profiles in women and six in men have been identified by a cluster analysis based on BC parameters. Finally, these data can serve as reference for normative average and variability of BC in the elderly populations across Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelia Santoro
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,C.I.G. Interdepartmental Centre "L. Galvani", Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Guidarelli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rita Ostan
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,C.I.G. Interdepartmental Centre "L. Galvani", Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Enrico Giampieri
- Department of Physics, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Maria Scurti
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Institute of Neurological Sciences (IRCCS), Bologna, Italy
| | - Agnes Berendsen
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Olga Surala
- Department of Human Nutrition, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Amy Jennings
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Rachel Gillings
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Fawzi Kadi
- School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Frederic Capel
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine, INRA, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Kevin D Cashman
- Cork Centre for Vitamin D and Nutrition Research, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Barbara Pietruszka
- Department of Human Nutrition, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Edith J M Feskens
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Lisette C P G M De Groot
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Giuseppe Battista
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Salvioli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,C.I.G. Interdepartmental Centre "L. Galvani", Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Institute of Neurological Sciences (IRCCS), Bologna, Italy
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24
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Kulminski AM, Huang J, Wang J, He L, Loika Y, Culminskaya I. Apolipoprotein E region molecular signatures of Alzheimer's disease. Aging Cell 2018; 17:e12779. [PMID: 29797398 PMCID: PMC6052488 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the APOE region is the strongest genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's diseases (ADs), its pathogenic role remains poorly understood. Elucidating genetic predisposition to ADs, a subset of age-related diseases characteristic for postreproductive period, is hampered by the undefined role of evolution in establishing molecular mechanisms of such diseases. This uncertainty is inevitable source of natural-selection-free genetic heterogeneity in predisposition to ADs. We performed first large-scale analysis of linkage disequilibrium (LD) structures characterized by 30 polymorphisms from five genes in the APOE 19q13.3 region (BCAM, NECTIN2, TOMM40, APOE, and APOC1) in 2,673 AD-affected and 16,246 unaffected individuals from five cohorts. Consistent with the undefined role of evolution in age-related diseases, we found that these structures, being highly heterogeneous, are significantly different in subjects with and without ADs. The pattern of the difference represents molecular signature of AD comprised of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from all five genes in the APOE region. Significant differences in LD in subjects with and without ADs indicate SNPs from different genes likely involved in AD pathogenesis. Significant and highly heterogeneous molecular signatures of ADs provide unprecedented insight into complex polygenetic predisposition to ADs in the APOE region. These findings are more consistent with a complex haplotype than with a single genetic variant origin of ADs in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Kulminski
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jian Huang
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jiayi Wang
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Liang He
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Yury Loika
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Irina Culminskaya
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
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25
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Giuliani C, Pirazzini C, Delledonne M, Xumerle L, Descombes P, Marquis J, Mengozzi G, Monti D, Bellizzi D, Passarino G, Luiselli D, Franceschi C, Garagnani P. Centenarians as extreme phenotypes: An ecological perspective to get insight into the relationship between the genetics of longevity and age-associated diseases. Mech Ageing Dev 2017; 165:195-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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26
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Corrêa RCG, Peralta RM, Haminiuk CWI, Maciel GM, Bracht A, Ferreira ICFR. New phytochemicals as potential human anti-aging compounds: Reality, promise, and challenges. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:942-957. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1233860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rúbia C. G. Corrêa
- Graduate Program in Food Science, State University of Maringá (UEM), Paraná, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Food Technology, Federal Technological University of Paraná (UTFPR), Campus Campo Mourão, Paraná, Brazil
- Academic Department of Chemistry and Biology, Federal Technological University of Paraná (UTFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Rosane M. Peralta
- Graduate Program in Food Science, State University of Maringá (UEM), Paraná, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringá (UEM), Paraná, Brazil
- Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), ESA, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança (IPB), Campus de Santa Apolónia, Bragança, Portugal
- Academic Department of Chemistry and Biology, Federal Technological University of Paraná (UTFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Charles W. I. Haminiuk
- Graduate Program in Food Technology, Federal Technological University of Paraná (UTFPR), Campus Campo Mourão, Paraná, Brazil
- Academic Department of Chemistry and Biology, Federal Technological University of Paraná (UTFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Giselle Maria Maciel
- Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), ESA, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança (IPB), Campus de Santa Apolónia, Bragança, Portugal
- Academic Department of Chemistry and Biology, Federal Technological University of Paraná (UTFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Adelar Bracht
- Graduate Program in Food Science, State University of Maringá (UEM), Paraná, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringá (UEM), Paraná, Brazil
- Academic Department of Chemistry and Biology, Federal Technological University of Paraná (UTFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Isabel C. F. R. Ferreira
- Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), ESA, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança (IPB), Campus de Santa Apolónia, Bragança, Portugal
- Academic Department of Chemistry and Biology, Federal Technological University of Paraná (UTFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
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27
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Favero G, Franceschetti L, Buffoli B, Moghadasian MH, Reiter RJ, Rodella LF, Rezzani R. Melatonin: Protection against age-related cardiac pathology. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 35:336-349. [PMID: 27884595 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a complex and progressive process that involves physiological and metabolic deterioration in every organ and system. Cardiovascular diseases are one of the most common causes of mortality and morbidity among elderly subjects worldwide. Most age-related cardiovascular disorders can be influenced by modifiable behaviours such as a healthy diet rich in fruit and vegetables, avoidance of smoking, increased physical activity and reduced stress. The role of diet in prevention of various disorders is a well-established factor, which has an even more important role in the geriatric population. Melatonin, an indoleamine with multiple actions including antioxidant properties, has been identified in a very large number of plant species, including edible plant products and medical herbs. Among products where melatonin has been identified include wine, olive oil, tomato, beer, and others. Interestingly, consumed melatonin in plant foods or melatonin supplementation may promote health benefits by virtue of its multiple properties and it may counteract pathological conditions also related to cardiovascular disorders, carcinogenesis, neurological diseases and aging. In the present review, we summarized melatonin effects against age-related cardiac alterations and abnormalities with a special focus on heart ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury and myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Favero
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Franceschetti
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Barbara Buffoli
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Mohammed H Moghadasian
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba and the Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Luigi F Rodella
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Rita Rezzani
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
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28
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Kulminski AM, Kernogitski Y, Culminskaya I, Loika Y, Arbeev KG, Bagley O, Duan M, Arbeeva L, Ukraintseva SV, Wu D, Stallard E, Yashin AI. Uncoupling associations of risk alleles with endophenotypes and phenotypes: insights from the ApoB locus and heart-related traits. Aging Cell 2017; 16:61-72. [PMID: 27683205 PMCID: PMC5242299 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, genomewide association studies (GWAS) have emphasized the benefits of large samples in the analyses of age‐related traits rather than their specific properties. We adopted a realistic concept of genetic susceptibility to inherently heterogeneous, age‐related traits driven by the elusive role of evolution in their properties. We analyzed in detail the associations of rs693 and rs562338 polymorphisms representing the Apolipoprotein B locus with endophenotypes (total cholesterol [TC] and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol) and phenotypes (myocardial infarction [MI] and survival) in four large‐scale studies, which include 20 748 individuals with 2357 MI events. We showed that a strong, robust predisposition of rs693 and rs562338 to TC (β = 0.72, P = 7.7 × 10−30 for rs693 and β = −1.08, P = 9.8 × 10−42 for rs562338) is not translated into a predisposition to MI and survival. The rs693_A allele influences risks of MI and mortality after MI additively with lipids. This allele shows antagonistic effects—protecting against MI risks (β = −0.18, P = 1.1 × 10−5) or increasing MI risks (β = 0.15, P = 2.8 × 10−3) and mortality after MI, in different populations. Paradoxically, increased TC concentrations can be protective against MI for the rs693_A allele carriers. Our results uncouple the influences of the same alleles on endophenotypes and phenotypes despite potential causal relationships among the latter. Our strategy reveals virtually genomewide significance for the associations of rs693 with MI (P = 5.5 × 10−8) that is contrasted with a weak estimate following the traditional, sample‐size‐centered GWAS strategy (P = 0.16) in the same sample. These results caution against the use of the traditional GWAS strategy for gaining profound insights into genetic predisposition to healthspan and lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M. Kulminski
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit; Social Science Research Institute; Duke University; Durham NC 27708-0408 USA
| | - Yelena Kernogitski
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit; Social Science Research Institute; Duke University; Durham NC 27708-0408 USA
| | - Irina Culminskaya
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit; Social Science Research Institute; Duke University; Durham NC 27708-0408 USA
| | - Yury Loika
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit; Social Science Research Institute; Duke University; Durham NC 27708-0408 USA
| | - Konstantin G. Arbeev
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit; Social Science Research Institute; Duke University; Durham NC 27708-0408 USA
| | - Olivia Bagley
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit; Social Science Research Institute; Duke University; Durham NC 27708-0408 USA
| | - Matt Duan
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit; Social Science Research Institute; Duke University; Durham NC 27708-0408 USA
| | - Liubov Arbeeva
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit; Social Science Research Institute; Duke University; Durham NC 27708-0408 USA
| | - Svetlana V. Ukraintseva
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit; Social Science Research Institute; Duke University; Durham NC 27708-0408 USA
| | - Deqing Wu
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit; Social Science Research Institute; Duke University; Durham NC 27708-0408 USA
| | - Eric Stallard
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit; Social Science Research Institute; Duke University; Durham NC 27708-0408 USA
| | - Anatoliy I. Yashin
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit; Social Science Research Institute; Duke University; Durham NC 27708-0408 USA
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29
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Abstract
Several association studies have been carried out to elucidate the role of genetic variants in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), while studies on the epigenome regulating gene expression changes are helping to understand the development of disease and factors promoting such changes. This review summarizes the different epigenetic aspects involved in cardiac development and disease along with current therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yog R Ahuja
- a Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine , Vasavi Medical and Research Center , Hyderabad , India
| | - Sanjeev Sharma
- b Department of Clinical Pharmacology , Apollo Hospital, Jubilee Hills , Hyderabad , India
| | - Vasavi Mohan
- a Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine , Vasavi Medical and Research Center , Hyderabad , India.,c Research Unit, Hansgene Cancer Foundation , Hyderabad , India
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30
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Sagner M, McNeil A, Puska P, Auffray C, Price ND, Hood L, Lavie CJ, Han ZG, Chen Z, Brahmachari SK, McEwen BS, Soares MB, Balling R, Epel E, Arena R. The P4 Health Spectrum – A Predictive, Preventive, Personalized and Participatory Continuum for Promoting Healthspan. PROGRESS IN PREVENTIVE MEDICINE 2017. [DOI: 10.1097/pp9.0000000000000002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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31
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Wu Q, Sun JX, Song XH, Wang J, Xiong CQ, Teng FX, Gao CX. Blocking beta 2-adrenergic receptor inhibits dendrite ramification in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2017; 12:1499-1506. [PMID: 29089997 PMCID: PMC5649472 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.215261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendrite ramification affects synaptic strength and plays a crucial role in memory. Previous studies revealed a correlation between beta 2-adrenergic receptor dysfunction and Alzheimer's disease (AD), although the mechanism involved is still poorly understood. The current study investigated the potential effect of the selective β2-adrenergic receptor antagonist, ICI 118551 (ICI), on Aβ deposits and AD-related cognitive impairment. Morris water maze test results demonstrated that the performance of AD-transgenic (TG) mice treated with ICI (AD-TG/ICI) was significantly poorer compared with NaCl-treated AD-TG mice (AD-TG/NaCl), suggesting that β2-adrenergic receptor blockage by ICI might reduce the learning and memory abilities of mice. Golgi staining and immunohistochemical staining revealed that blockage of the β2-adrenergic receptor by ICI treatment decreased the number of dendritic branches, and ICI treatment in AD-TG mice decreased the expression of hippocampal synaptophysin and synapsin 1. Western blot assay results showed that the blockage of β2-adrenergic receptor increased amyloid-β accumulation by downregulating hippocampal α-secretase activity and increasing the phosphorylation of amyloid precursor protein. These findings suggest that blocking the β2-adrenergic receptor inhibits dendrite ramification of hippocampal neurons in a mouse model of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.,College of Medical Technology, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jin-Xia Sun
- College of Medical Technology, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiang-He Song
- College of Medical Technology, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Medical Technology, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Cun-Quan Xiong
- College of Medical Technology, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Fei-Xiang Teng
- College of Medical Technology, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Cui-Xiang Gao
- College of Medical Technology, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, China
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32
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33
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Kulminski AM, He L, Culminskaya I, Loika Y, Kernogitski Y, Arbeev KG, Loiko E, Arbeeva L, Bagley O, Duan M, Yashkin A, Fang F, Kovtun M, Ukraintseva SV, Wu D, Yashin AI. Pleiotropic Associations of Allelic Variants in a 2q22 Region with Risks of Major Human Diseases and Mortality. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006314. [PMID: 27832070 PMCID: PMC5104356 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gaining insights into genetic predisposition to age-related diseases and lifespan is a challenging task complicated by the elusive role of evolution in these phenotypes. To gain more insights, we combined methods of genome-wide and candidate-gene studies. Genome-wide scan in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study (N = 9,573) was used to pre-select promising loci. Candidate-gene methods were used to comprehensively analyze associations of novel uncommon variants in Caucasians (minor allele frequency~2.5%) located in band 2q22.3 with risks of coronary heart disease (CHD), heart failure (HF), stroke, diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases (ND), and mortality in the ARIC study, the Framingham Heart Study (N = 4,434), and the Health and Retirement Study (N = 9,676). We leveraged the analyses of pleiotropy, age-related heterogeneity, and causal inferences. Meta-analysis of the results from these comprehensive analyses shows that the minor allele increases risks of death by about 50% (p = 4.6×10−9), CHD by 35% (p = 8.9×10−6), HF by 55% (p = 9.7×10−5), stroke by 25% (p = 4.0×10−2), and ND by 100% (p = 1.3×10−3). This allele also significantly influences each of two diseases, diabetes and cancer, in antagonistic fashion in different populations. Combined significance of the pleiotropic effects was p = 6.6×10−21. Causal mediation analyses show that endophenotypes explained only small fractions of these effects. This locus harbors an evolutionary conserved gene-desert region with non-coding intergenic sequences likely involved in regulation of protein-coding flanking genes ZEB2 and ACVR2A. This region is intensively studied for mutations causing severe developmental/genetic disorders. Our analyses indicate a promising target region for interventions aimed to reduce risks of many major human diseases and mortality. Biomedical research and medical care are traditionally focused on individual health conditions in order to postpone, ameliorate, or prevent the accumulation of morbidities in late life. An attractive idea is to find factors, which could reduce burden of not just one disease but a major subset of them to efficiently extend healthy lifespan. Here we focus on the analyses of genetic predisposition to risks of major human age-related diseases and mortality. The analyses highlight a locus in band 2q22.3 associated with risks of coronary heart disease, heart failure, stroke, diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and death. Our analyses indicate a promising target region for interventions aimed to reduce risks of many major human diseases and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M. Kulminski
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Liang He
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC United States of America
| | - Irina Culminskaya
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC United States of America
| | - Yury Loika
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC United States of America
| | - Yelena Kernogitski
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC United States of America
| | - Konstantin G. Arbeev
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC United States of America
| | - Elena Loiko
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC United States of America
| | - Liubov Arbeeva
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC United States of America
| | - Olivia Bagley
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC United States of America
| | - Matt Duan
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC United States of America
| | - Arseniy Yashkin
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC United States of America
| | - Fang Fang
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC United States of America
| | - Mikhail Kovtun
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC United States of America
| | - Svetlana V. Ukraintseva
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC United States of America
| | - Deqing Wu
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC United States of America
| | - Anatoliy I. Yashin
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC United States of America
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34
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Madonna R, Novo G, Balistreri CR. Cellular and molecular basis of the imbalance between vascular damage and repair in ageing and age-related diseases: As biomarkers and targets for new treatments. Mech Ageing Dev 2016; 159:22-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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35
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Sagner M, McNeil A, Puska P, Auffray C, Price ND, Hood L, Lavie CJ, Han ZG, Chen Z, Brahmachari SK, McEwen BS, Soares MB, Balling R, Epel E, Arena R. The P4 Health Spectrum - A Predictive, Preventive, Personalized and Participatory Continuum for Promoting Healthspan. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2016; 59:506-521. [PMID: 27546358 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic diseases (i.e., noncommunicable diseases), mainly cardiovascular disease, cancer, respiratory diseases and type-2-diabetes, are now the leading cause of death, disability and diminished quality of life on the planet. Moreover, these diseases are also a major financial burden worldwide, significantly impacting the economy of many countries. Healthcare systems and medicine have progressively improved upon the ability to address infectious diseases and react to adverse health events through both surgical interventions and pharmacology; we have become efficient in delivering reactive care (i.e., initiating interventions once an individual is on the verge of or has actually suffered a negative health event). However, with slowly progressing and often 'silent' chronic diseases now being the main cause of illness, healthcare and medicine must evolve into a proactive system, moving away from a merely reactive approach to care. Minimal interactions among the specialists and limited information to the general practitioner and to the individual receiving care lead to a fragmented health approach, non-concerted prescriptions, a scattered follow-up and a suboptimal cost-effectiveness ratio. A new approach in medicine that is predictive, preventive, personalized and participatory, which we label here as "P4" holds great promise to reduce the burden of chronic diseases by harnessing technology and an increasingly better understanding of environment-biology interactions, evidence-based interventions and the underlying mechanisms of chronic diseases. In this concept paper, we propose a 'P4 Health Continuum' model as a framework to promote and facilitate multi-stakeholder collaboration with an orchestrated common language and an integrated care model to increase the healthspan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Sagner
- College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; SARENA Clinic, Medical Center and Research Institute.
| | - Amy McNeil
- College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Pekka Puska
- National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Charles Auffray
- European Institute for Systems Biology and Medicine, Paris and Lyon, France
| | | | - Leroy Hood
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Carl J Lavie
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Ochsner Clinical School-the University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Ze-Guang Han
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Samir Kumar Brahmachari
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Bruce S McEwen
- Harold and Margaret Milliken Hatch Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Rudi Balling
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Elissa Epel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Ross Arena
- College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; SARENA Clinic, Medical Center and Research Institute
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36
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Smita S, Lange F, Wolkenhauer O, Köhling R. Deciphering hallmark processes of aging from interaction networks. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:2706-15. [PMID: 27456767 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging is broadly considered to be a dynamic process that accumulates unfavourable structural and functional changes in a time dependent fashion, leading to a progressive loss of physiological integrity of an organism, which eventually leads to age-related diseases and finally to death. SCOPE OF REVIEW The majority of aging-related studies are based on reductionist approaches, focusing on single genes/proteins or on individual pathways without considering possible interactions between them. Over the last few decades, several such genes/proteins were independently analysed and linked to a role that is affecting the longevity of an organism. However, an isolated analysis on genes and proteins largely fails to explain the mechanistic insight of a complex phenotype due to the involvement and integration of multiple factors. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Technological advance makes it possible to generate high-throughput temporal and spatial data that provide an opportunity to use computer-based methods. These techniques allow us to go beyond reductionist approaches to analyse large-scale networks that provide deeper understanding of the processes that drive aging. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE In this review, we focus on systems biology approaches, based on network inference methods to understand the dynamics of hallmark processes leading to aging phenotypes. We also describe computational methods for the interpretation and identification of important molecular hubs involved in the mechanistic linkage between aging related processes. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "System Genetics" Guest Editor: Dr. Yudong Cai and Dr. Tao Huang.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchi Smita
- Department of Systems Biology & Bioinformatics, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany; Oscar-Langendorff-Institute of Physiology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany.
| | - Falko Lange
- Oscar-Langendorff-Institute of Physiology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany.
| | - Olaf Wolkenhauer
- Department of Systems Biology & Bioinformatics, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany; Stellenbosch Institute for Advanced Study (STIAS), Wallenberg Research Centre at Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
| | - Rüdiger Köhling
- Oscar-Langendorff-Institute of Physiology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany.
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Kulminski AM, Raghavachari N, Arbeev KG, Culminskaya I, Arbeeva L, Wu D, Ukraintseva SV, Christensen K, Yashin AI. Protective role of the apolipoprotein E2 allele in age-related disease traits and survival: evidence from the Long Life Family Study. Biogerontology 2016; 17:893-905. [PMID: 27447179 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-016-9659-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The apolipoprotein E (apoE) is a classic example of a gene exhibiting pleiotropism. We examine potential pleiotropic associations of the apoE2 allele in three biodemographic cohorts of long-living individuals, offspring, and spouses from the Long Life Family Study, and intermediate mechanisms, which can link this allele with age-related phenotypes. We focused on age-related macular degeneration, bronchitis, asthma, pneumonia, stroke, creatinine, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, diseases of heart (HD), cancer, and survival. Our analysis detected favorable associations of the ε2 allele with lower LDL-C levels, lower risks of HD, and better survival. The ε2 allele was associated with LDL-C in each gender and biodemographic cohort, including long-living individuals, offspring, and spouses, resulting in highly significant association in the entire sample (β = -7.1, p = 6.6 × 10-44). This allele was significantly associated with HD in long-living individuals and offspring (relative risk [RR] = 0.60, p = 3.1 × 10-6) but this association was not mediated by LDL-C. The protective effect on survival was specific for long-living women but it was not explained by LDL-C and HD in the adjusted model (RR = 0.70, p = 2.1 × 10-2). These results show that ε2 allele may favorably influence LDL-C, HD, and survival through three mechanisms. Two of them (HD- and survival-related) are pronounced in the long-living parents and their offspring; the survival-related mechanism is also sensitive to gender. The LDL-C-related mechanism appears to be independent of these factors. Insights into mechanisms linking ε2 allele with age-related phenotypes given biodemographic structure of the population studied may benefit translation of genetic discoveries to health care and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Kulminski
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708-0408, USA.
| | - Nalini Raghavachari
- National Institute on Aging, 31 Center Drive, MSC 2292, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Konstantin G Arbeev
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708-0408, USA
| | - Irina Culminskaya
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708-0408, USA
| | - Liubov Arbeeva
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708-0408, USA
| | - Deqing Wu
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708-0408, USA
| | - Svetlana V Ukraintseva
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708-0408, USA
| | - Kaare Christensen
- The Danish Aging Research Center, University of Southern Denmark, 5000, Odense C, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, 5000, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Anatoliy I Yashin
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708-0408, USA
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Bailey J. Monkey-based research on human disease: the implications of genetic differences. Altern Lab Anim 2016; 42:287-317. [PMID: 25413291 DOI: 10.1177/026119291404200504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Assertions that the use of monkeys to investigate human diseases is valid scientifically are frequently based on a reported 90-93% genetic similarity between the species. Critical analyses of the relevance of monkey studies to human biology, however, indicate that this genetic similarity does not result in sufficient physiological similarity for monkeys to constitute good models for research, and that monkey data do not translate well to progress in clinical practice for humans. Salient examples include the failure of new drugs in clinical trials, the highly different infectivity and pathology of SIV/HIV, and poor extrapolation of research on Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and stroke. The major molecular differences underlying these inter-species phenotypic disparities have been revealed by comparative genomics and molecular biology - there are key differences in all aspects of gene expression and protein function, from chromosome and chromatin structure to post-translational modification. The collective effects of these differences are striking, extensive and widespread, and they show that the superficial similarity between human and monkey genetic sequences is of little benefit for biomedical research. The extrapolation of biomedical data from monkeys to humans is therefore highly unreliable, and the use of monkeys must be considered of questionable value, particularly given the breadth and potential of alternative methods of enquiry that are currently available to scientists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarrod Bailey
- New England Anti-Vivisection Society (NEAVS), Boston, MA, USA
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Kulminski AM, Arbeev KG, Culminskaya I, Ukraintseva SV, Stallard E, Province MA, Yashin AI. Trade-offs in the effects of the apolipoprotein E polymorphism on risks of diseases of the heart, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders: insights on mechanisms from the Long Life Family Study. Rejuvenation Res 2016; 18:128-35. [PMID: 25482294 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2014.1616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The lack of evolutionary established mechanisms linking genes to age-related traits makes the problem of genetic susceptibility to health span inherently complex. One complicating factor is genetic trade-off. Here we focused on long-living participants of the Long Life Family Study (LLFS), their offspring, and spouses to: (1) Elucidate whether trade-offs in the effect of the apolipoprotein E e4 allele documented in the Framingham Heart Study (FHS) are a more general phenomenon, and (2) explore potential mechanisms generating age- and gender-specific trade-offs in the effect of the e4 allele on cancer, diseases of the heart, and neurodegenerative disorders assessed retrospectively in the LLFS populations. The e4 allele can diminish risks of cancer and diseases of the heart and confer risks of diseases of the heart in a sex-, age-, and LLFS-population-specific manner. A protective effect against cancer is seen in older long-living men and, potentially, their sons (>75 years, relative risk [RR]>75=0.48, p=0.086), which resembles our findings in the FHS. The protective effect against diseases of the heart is limited to long-living older men (RR>76=0.50, p=0.016), as well. A detrimental effect against diseases of the heart is characteristic for a normal LLFS population of male spouses and is specific for myocardial infarction (RR=3.07, p=2.1×10(-3)). These trade-offs are likely associated with two inherently different mechanisms, including disease-specific (detrimental; characteristic for a normal male population) and systemic, aging-related (protective; characteristic for older long-living men) mechanisms. The e4 allele confers risks of neurological disorders in men and women (RR=1.98, p=0.046). The results highlight the complex role of the e4 allele in genetic susceptibility to health span.
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Doepker C, Lieberman HR, Smith AP, Peck JD, El-Sohemy A, Welsh BT. Caffeine: Friend or Foe? Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2016; 7:117-37. [PMID: 26735800 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-041715-033243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The debate on the safety of and regulatory approaches for caffeine continues among various stakeholders and regulatory authorities. This decision-making process comes with significant challenges, particularly when considering the complexities of the available scientific data, making the formulation of clear science-based regulatory guidance more difficult. To allow for discussions of a number of key issues, the North American Branch of the International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI) convened a panel of subject matter experts for a caffeine-focused session entitled "Caffeine: Friend or Foe?," which was held during the 2015 ILSI Annual Meeting. The panelists' expertise covered topics ranging from the natural occurrence of caffeine in plants and interindividual metabolism of caffeine in humans to specific behavioral, reproductive, and cardiovascular effects related to caffeine consumption. Each presentation highlighted the potential risks, benefits, and challenges that inform whether caffeine exposure warrants concern. This paper aims to summarize the key topics discussed during the session.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Harris R Lieberman
- US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts 01760;
| | - Andrew Paul Smith
- Centre for Occupational and Health Psychology, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AS, United Kingdom;
| | - Jennifer D Peck
- Department of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104;
| | - Ahmed El-Sohemy
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E2, Canada;
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Moser VA, Pike CJ. Obesity and sex interact in the regulation of Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 67:102-18. [PMID: 26708713 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, for which a number of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle risk factors have been identified. A significant modifiable risk factor is obesity in mid-life. Interestingly, both obesity and AD exhibit sex differences and are regulated by sex steroid hormones. Accumulating evidence suggests interactions between obesity and sex in regulation of AD risk, although the pathways underlying this relationship are unclear. Inflammation and the E4 allele of apolipoprotein E have been identified as independent risk factors for AD and both interact with obesity and sex steroid hormones. We review the individual and cooperative effects of obesity and sex on development of AD and examine the potential contributions of apolipoprotein E, inflammation, and their interactions to this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Alexandra Moser
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Christian J Pike
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
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Abstract
Aging is a multidimensional process that leads to an increased risk of developing severe diseases, such as cancer and cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and immunological diseases. Recently, small non-coding RNAs known as microRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to regulate gene expression, which contributes to many physiological and pathophysiological processes in humans. Increasing evidence suggests that changes in miRNA expression profiles contribute to cellular senescence, aging and aging-related diseases. However, only a few miRNAs whose functions have been elucidated have been associated with aging and/or aging-related diseases. This article reviews the currently available findings regarding the roles of aging-related miRNAs, with a focus on cardiac and cardiovascular aging.
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Zhang T, Tian F, Wang J, Zhou S, Dong X, Guo K, Jing J, Zhou Y, Chen Y. Donepezil attenuates high glucose-accelerated senescence in human umbilical vein endothelial cells through SIRT1 activation. Cell Stress Chaperones 2015; 20:787-92. [PMID: 26194321 PMCID: PMC4529865 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-015-0601-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence of endothelial cells is a damage and stress response which induces pro-inflammatory, pro-atherosclerotic, and pro-thrombotic phenotypes. Donepezil is a drug used for the treatment of mild to moderate dementia of the Alzheimer's disease (AD). The aim of the present study was to investigate the attenuation of endothelial cell senescence by donepezil and to explore the mechanisms underlying the anti-aging effects of donepezil. Our results indicated that high glucose (HG) markedly decreased cell viability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and this phenomenon was reversed by treatment with donepezil. Importantly, our results displayed that the frequency of senescent (SA-ß-gal-positive) cells and the expression level of senescence genes (PAI-1 and p21) were significantly higher in the HG group compared with the normal glucose (NG) group, and these changes were blocked by treatment with donepezil. Also, our results showed that donepezil inhibits the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which promotes cellular senescence. Pretreatment with nicotinamide (NAM), a sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) inhibitor, inhibited the reduction in senescence associated with donepezil. Indeed, our results indicated that donepezil increased the SIRT1 enzyme activity. Therefore, these results show that donepezil delays cellular senescence that is promoted under HG condition via activation of SIRT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28, Fuxing Rd., Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28, Fuxing Rd., Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28, Fuxing Rd., Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28, Fuxing Rd., Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Xueqing Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28, Fuxing Rd., Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28, Fuxing Rd., Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Jing
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28, Fuxing Rd., Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28, Fuxing Rd., Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Yundai Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28, Fuxing Rd., Haidian District, Beijing, China
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Kulminski AM, Culminskaya I, Arbeev KG, Arbeeva L, Ukraintseva SV, Stallard E, Wu D, Yashin AI. Birth Cohort, Age, and Sex Strongly Modulate Effects of Lipid Risk Alleles Identified in Genome-Wide Association Studies. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136319. [PMID: 26295473 PMCID: PMC4546650 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Insights into genetic origin of diseases and related traits could substantially impact strategies for improving human health. The results of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are often positioned as discoveries of unconditional risk alleles of complex health traits. We re-analyzed the associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with total cholesterol (TC) in a large-scale GWAS meta-analysis. We focused on three generations of genotyped participants of the Framingham Heart Study (FHS). We show that the effects of all ten directly-genotyped SNPs were clustered in different FHS generations and/or birth cohorts in a sex-specific or sex-unspecific manner. The sample size and procedure-therapeutic issues play, at most, a minor role in this clustering. An important result was clustering of significant associations with the strongest effects in the youngest, or 3rd Generation, cohort. These results imply that an assumption of unconditional connections of these SNPs with TC is generally implausible and that a demographic perspective can substantially improve GWAS efficiency. The analyses of genetic effects in age-matched samples suggest a role of environmental and age-related mechanisms in the associations of different SNPs with TC. Analysis of the literature supports systemic roles for genes for these SNPs beyond those related to lipid metabolism. Our analyses reveal strong antagonistic effects of rs2479409 (the PCSK9 gene) that cautions strategies aimed at targeting this gene in the next generation of lipid drugs. Our results suggest that standard GWAS strategies need to be advanced in order to appropriately address the problem of genetic susceptibility to complex traits that is imperative for translation to health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M. Kulminski
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708–0408, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Irina Culminskaya
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708–0408, United States of America
| | - Konstantin G. Arbeev
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708–0408, United States of America
| | - Liubov Arbeeva
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708–0408, United States of America
| | - Svetlana V. Ukraintseva
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708–0408, United States of America
| | - Eric Stallard
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708–0408, United States of America
| | - Deqing Wu
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708–0408, United States of America
| | - Anatoliy I. Yashin
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708–0408, United States of America
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Huggins GS, Berger S, McCaffery JM. Can Genetics Modify the Influence of Healthy Lifestyle on Lipids in the Context of Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes? CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR RISK REPORTS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12170-015-0464-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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MARK-AGE population: From the human model to new insights. Mech Ageing Dev 2015; 151:13-7. [PMID: 25843237 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2015.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Williamson JB, Porges EC, Lamb DG, Porges SW. Maladaptive autonomic regulation in PTSD accelerates physiological aging. Front Psychol 2015; 5:1571. [PMID: 25653631 PMCID: PMC4300857 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A core manifestation of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a disconnection between physiological state and psychological or behavioral processes necessary to adequately respond to environmental demands. Patients with PTSD experience abnormal oscillations in autonomic states supporting either fight and flight behaviors or withdrawal, immobilization, and dissociation without an intervening “calm” state that would provide opportunities for positive social interactions. This defensive autonomic disposition is adaptive in dangerous and life threatening situations, but in the context of every-day life may lead to significant psychosocial distress and deteriorating social relationships. The perpetuation of these maladaptive autonomic responses may contribute to the development of comorbid mental health issues such as depression, loneliness, and hostility that further modify the nature of cardiovascular behavior in the context of internal and external stressors. Over time, changes in autonomic, endocrine, and immune function contribute to deteriorating health, which is potently expressed in brain dysfunction and cardiovascular disease. In this theoretical review paper, we present an overview of the literature on the chronic health effects of PTSD. We discuss the brain networks underlying PTSD in the context of autonomic efferent and afferent contributions and how disruption of these networks leads to poor health outcomes. Finally, we discuss treatment approaches based on our theoretical model of PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- John B Williamson
- Brain Rehabilitation and Research Center, Malcom Randall Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Gainesville, FL, USA ; Center for Neuropsychological Studies, Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine , Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Eric C Porges
- Brain Rehabilitation and Research Center, Malcom Randall Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Gainesville, FL, USA ; Institute on Aging, Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Damon G Lamb
- Brain Rehabilitation and Research Center, Malcom Randall Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Gainesville, FL, USA ; Center for Neuropsychological Studies, Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine , Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Stephen W Porges
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Durham, NC, USA
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Li J, Zhang K, Wu J, Liao Y, Yang P, Huang N. Co-culture of endothelial cells and patterned smooth muscle cells on titanium: Construction with high density of endothelial cells and low density of smooth muscle cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 456:555-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.10.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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