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Pinto S, Gaspar MM, Ascensão L, Faísca P, Reis CP, Pacheco R. Nanoformulation of Seaweed Eisenia bicyclis in Albumin Nanoparticles Targeting Cardiovascular Diseases: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:608. [PMID: 36286431 PMCID: PMC9605150 DOI: 10.3390/md20100608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products, especially those derived from seaweeds, are starting to be seen as effective against various diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This study aimed to design a novel oral formulation of bovine albumin serum nanoparticles (BSA NPs) loaded with an extract of Eisenia bicyclis and to validate its beneficial health effects, particularly targeting hypercholesterolemia and CVD prevention. Small and well-defined BSA NPs loaded with Eisenia bicyclis extract were successfully prepared exhibiting high encapsulation efficiency. Antioxidant activity and cholesterol biosynthesis enzyme 3-hydroxy-3 methylutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGR) inhibition, as well as reduction of cholesterol permeation in intestinal lining model cells, were assessed for the extract both in free and nanoformulated forms. The nanoformulation was more efficient than the free extract, particularly in terms of HMGR inhibition and cholesterol permeation reduction. In vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo assays in Wistar rats were performed to evaluate its safety and overall effects on metabolism. The results demonstrated that the Eisenia bicyclis extract and BSA NPs were not cytotoxic against human intestinal Caco-2 and liver HepG2 cells and were also safe after oral administration in the rat model. In addition, an innovative approach was adopted to compare the metabolomic profile of the serum from the animals involved in the in vivo assay, which showed the extract and nanoformulation's impact on CVD-associated key metabolites. Altogether, these preliminary results revealed that the seaweed extract and the nanoformulation may constitute an alternative natural dosage form which is safe and simple to produce, capable of reducing cholesterol levels, and consequently helpful in preventing hypercholesterolemia, the main risk factor of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Pinto
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa (ISEL), Avenida Conselheiro Emídio Navarro 1, 1959-007 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria Manuela Gaspar
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed. ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Lia Ascensão
- Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro Faísca
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologia, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal
- CBIOS-Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologia, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Catarina Pinto Reis
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed. ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Biofísica e Engenharia Biomédica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rita Pacheco
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa (ISEL), Avenida Conselheiro Emídio Navarro 1, 1959-007 Lisboa, Portugal
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
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2
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Cefalù AB, D'Erasmo L, Iannuzzo G, Noto D, Giammanco A, Montali A, Zambon A, Forte F, Suppressa P, Giannini S, Barbagallo CM, Ganci A, Nardi E, Vernuccio F, Caldarella R, Ciaccio M, Arca M, Averna M. Efficacy and safety of lomitapide in familial chylomicronaemia syndrome. Atherosclerosis 2022; 359:13-19. [PMID: 36152419 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Familial chylomicronaemia syndrome (FCS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder, resulting in elevated triglycerides (TGs), abdominal pain and pancreatitis. Treatment options are limited. Lomitapide, a microsomal triglyceride transfer protein inhibitor, is approved for the treatment of homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia. Whether its therapeutic use may be extended to FCS remains unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of lomitapide in adult patients with FCS. METHODS The open-label, single-arm 'LOCHNES' study of lomitapide in FCS enrolled patients >18 years with genetically confirmed FCS, elevated fasting TG ≥ 750 mg/dL and history of pancreatitis. Patients were administered lomitapide to the maximum tolerated dose for 26 weeks. The primary endpoint was the percent change in TGs from baseline to Week 26. RESULTS Eighteen patients were enrolled with median baseline TG levels 1803.5 mg/dL (97.5% CI, 1452-2391 mg/dL). At Week 26, median fasting TGs were reduced to 305 mg/dL (97.5% CI 219-801 mg/dL; 70.5% reduction); median lomitapide dose was 35 mg/day; 13 patients achieved TGs ≤750 mg/dL. Adverse events were mild to moderate and mainly related to gastrointestinal tolerability. Liver imaging at baseline and Week 26 revealed hepatic fat increases from median 12.0%-32.5%, while median hepatic stiffness remained normal. No patient experienced acute pancreatitis or severe abdominal pain during lomitapide treatment. CONCLUSIONS Lomitapide is effective and well tolerated in reducing TGs in FCS patients with a history of pancreatitis. Larger studies are warranted to determine lomitapide effectiveness in FCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo B Cefalù
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Laura D'Erasmo
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella Iannuzzo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Davide Noto
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonina Giammanco
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Montali
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Zambon
- Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Forte
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Patrizia Suppressa
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rare Diseases Centre "C. Frugoni", University Hospital of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Carlo M Barbagallo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonina Ganci
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Emilio Nardi
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Federica Vernuccio
- Section of Radiology- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University Hospital "Paolo Giaccone", Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosalia Caldarella
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Unit of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital "P. Giaccone", Palermo, Italy
| | - Marcello Ciaccio
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Unit of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital "P. Giaccone", Palermo, Italy; Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marcello Arca
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Averna
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; Institut of Biophysics (IBF), National Research Council CNR), Palermo, Italy.
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Saraswathi V, Kumar N, Ai W, Gopal T, Bhatt S, Harris EN, Talmon GA, Desouza CV. Myristic Acid Supplementation Aggravates High Fat Diet-Induced Adipose Inflammation and Systemic Insulin Resistance in Mice. Biomolecules 2022; 12:739. [PMID: 35740864 PMCID: PMC9220168 DOI: 10.3390/biom12060739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Saturated fatty acids (SFAs) are considered to be detrimental to human health. One of the SFAs, myristic acid (MA), is known to exert a hypercholesterolemic effect in mice as well as humans. However, its effects on altering adipose tissue (AT) inflammation and systemic insulin resistance (IR) in obesity are still unclear. Here, we sought to determine the effects of a high fat (HF) diet supplemented with MA on obesity-associated metabolic disorders in mice. Wild-type C57BL/6 mice were fed a HF diet in the presence or absence of 3% MA for 12 weeks. Plasma lipids, plasma adipokines, AT inflammation, systemic IR, glucose homeostasis, and hepatic steatosis were assessed. The body weight and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) mass were significantly higher in mice receiving the HF+MA diet compared to HF diet-fed controls. Plasma total cholesterol levels were marginally increased in HF+MA-fed mice compared to controls. Fasting blood glucose was comparable between HF and HF+MA-fed mice. Interestingly, the plasma insulin and HOMA-IR index, a measure of insulin resistance, were significantly higher in HF+MA-fed mice compared to HF controls. Macrophage and inflammatory markers were significantly elevated in the AT and AT-derived stromal vascular cells upon MA feeding. Moreover, the level of circulating resistin, an adipokine promoting insulin resistance, was significantly higher in HF+MA-fed mice compared with HF controls. The insulin tolerance test revealed that the IR was higher in mice receiving the MA supplementation compared to HF controls. Moreover, the glucose tolerance test showed impairment in systemic glucose homeostasis in MA-fed mice. Analyses of liver samples showed a trend towards an increase in liver TG upon MA feeding. However, markers of oxidative stress and inflammation were reduced in the liver of mice fed an MA diet compared to controls. Taken together, our data suggest that chronic administration of MA in diet exacerbates obesity-associated insulin resistance and this effect is mediated in part, via increased AT inflammation and increased secretion of resistin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viswanathan Saraswathi
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (N.K.); (W.A.); (T.G.); (S.B.); (C.V.D.)
- Research Service, VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
| | - Narendra Kumar
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (N.K.); (W.A.); (T.G.); (S.B.); (C.V.D.)
- Research Service, VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
| | - Weilun Ai
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (N.K.); (W.A.); (T.G.); (S.B.); (C.V.D.)
- Research Service, VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
| | - Thiyagarajan Gopal
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (N.K.); (W.A.); (T.G.); (S.B.); (C.V.D.)
- Research Service, VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
| | - Saumya Bhatt
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (N.K.); (W.A.); (T.G.); (S.B.); (C.V.D.)
- Research Service, VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
| | - Edward N. Harris
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA;
| | - Geoffrey A. Talmon
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Cyrus V. Desouza
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (N.K.); (W.A.); (T.G.); (S.B.); (C.V.D.)
- Research Service, VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
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Tavella T, Rampelli S, Guidarelli G, Bazzocchi A, Gasperini C, Pujos-Guillot E, Comte B, Barone M, Biagi E, Candela M, Nicoletti C, Kadi F, Battista G, Salvioli S, O’Toole PW, Franceschi C, Brigidi P, Turroni S, Santoro A. Elevated gut microbiome abundance of Christensenellaceae, Porphyromonadaceae and Rikenellaceae is associated with reduced visceral adipose tissue and healthier metabolic profile in Italian elderly. Gut Microbes 2022; 13:1-19. [PMID: 33557667 PMCID: PMC7889099 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1880221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is accompanied by physiological changes affecting body composition and functionality, including accumulation of fat mass at the expense of muscle mass, with effects upon morbidity and quality of life. The gut microbiome has recently emerged as a key environmental modifier of human health that can modulate healthy aging and possibly longevity. However, its associations with adiposity in old age are still poorly understood. Here we profiled the gut microbiota in a well-characterized cohort of 201 Italian elderly subjects from the NU-AGE study, by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. We then tested for association with body composition from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), with a focus on visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue. Dietary patterns, serum metabolome and other health-related parameters were also assessed. This study identified distinct compositional structures of the elderly gut microbiota associated with DXA parameters, diet, metabolic profiles and cardio-metabolic risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Tavella
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simone Rampelli
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Guidarelli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto Bazzocchi
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Gasperini
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Estelle Pujos-Guillot
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Plateforme d’Exploration Du Métabolisme, MetaboHUB Clermont, Clermont- Ferrand, France
| | - Blandine Comte
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Plateforme d’Exploration Du Métabolisme, MetaboHUB Clermont, Clermont- Ferrand, France
| | - Monica Barone
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elena Biagi
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Candela
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Nicoletti
- Gut Health Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK,Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Fawzi Kadi
- School of Health Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Giuseppe Battista
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Salvioli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy,Alma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Change (Alma Climate), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paul W. O’Toole
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy,Department of Applied Mathematics, Institute of Information Technology, Mathematics and Mechanics (ITMM), Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod-National Research University (UNN), Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Patrizia Brigidi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Turroni
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy,CONTACT Silvia Turroni
| | - Aurelia Santoro
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy,Alma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Change (Alma Climate), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Reilly NA, Lutgens E, Kuiper J, Heijmans BT, Jukema JW. Effects of fatty acids on T cell function: role in atherosclerosis. Nat Rev Cardiol 2021; 18:824-837. [PMID: 34253911 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-021-00582-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
T cells are among the most common cell types present in atherosclerotic plaques and are increasingly being recognized as a central mediator in atherosclerosis development and progression. At the same time, triglycerides and fatty acids have re-emerged as crucial risk factors for atherosclerosis. Triglycerides and fatty acids are important components of the milieu to which the T cell is exposed from the circulation to the plaque, and increasing evidence shows that fatty acids influence T cell function. In this Review, we discuss the effects of fatty acids on four components of the T cell response - metabolism, activation, proliferation and polarization - and the influence of these changes on the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. We also discuss how quiescent T cells can undergo a type of metabolic reprogramming induced by exposure to fatty acids in the circulation that influences the subsequent functions of T cells after activation, such as in atherosclerotic plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie A Reilly
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Esther Lutgens
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Johan Kuiper
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of Biotherapeutics, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan T Heijmans
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - J Wouter Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands.
- Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands.
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Wanderley Junior MA, Santos CLD, Lima LP, Farias TJ, Junqueira RS, Lôbo IP, Santos JLD, Silva AMD. Effect of the diet on performance characteristics and quality of meat fat of lamb by principal component analysis. ACTA SCIENTIARUM: ANIMAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v43i1.53180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of use of agroindustrial co-products in the diet of lambs on the performance and nutritional quality of meat fat. Twenty lambs were distributed into four experimental groups: control diet (C) or diets containing cottonseed (CS), sunflower meal (SFM), and castor cake (CC). During the experimental period, data on dry matter consumption (DMC) and total weight gain (TWG) were collected. After slaughter, samples of Logissimus dorsi (LD) muscle were taken for fatty acids and cholesterol analysis. Diets C and CS provided similar characteristics of fat quality and animal performance. However, SFM and CC diets tend to form isolated groups, with different fat and performance characteristics. The SFM diet results in meat with a higher saturated fatty acids and cholesterol content. The CC diet is related to improved performance characteristics and lower cholesterol content. In conclusion, the inclusion of CC in the experimental diets provided, in the proportions used in this experiment, better characteristics of animal performance and meat fat quality.
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Al Hageh C, Rahy R, Khazen G, Brial F, Khnayzer RS, Gauguier D, Zalloua PA. Plasma and urine metabolomic analyses in aortic valve stenosis reveal shared and biofluid-specific changes in metabolite levels. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242019. [PMID: 33237940 PMCID: PMC7688110 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aortic valve stenosis (AVS) is a prevalent condition among the elderly population that eventually requires aortic valve replacement. The lack of reliable biomarkers for AVS poses a challenge for its early diagnosis and the application of preventive measures. Untargeted gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) metabolomics was applied in 46 AVS cases and 46 controls to identify plasma and urine metabolites underlying AVS risk. Multivariate data analyses were performed on pre-processed data (e.g. spectral peak alignment), in order to detect changes in metabolite levels in AVS patients and to evaluate their performance in group separation and sensitivity of AVS prediction, followed by regression analyses to test for their association with AVS. Through untargeted analysis of 190 urine and 130 plasma features that could be detected and quantified in the GC-MS spectra, we identified contrasting levels of 22 urine and 21 plasma features between AVS patients and control subjects. Following metabolite assignment, we observed significant changes in the concentration of known metabolites in urine (n = 14) and plasma (n = 15) that distinguish the metabolomic profiles of AVS patients from healthy controls. Associations with AVS were replicated in both plasma and urine for about half of these metabolites. Among these, 2-Oxovaleric acid, elaidic acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, estrone, myo-inositol showed contrasting trends of regulation in the two biofluids. Only trans-Aconitic acid and 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol showed consistent patterns of regulation in both plasma and urine. These results illustrate the power of metabolomics in identifying potential disease-associated biomarkers and provide a foundation for further studies towards early diagnostic applications in severe heart conditions that may prevent surgery in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Al Hageh
- Université de Paris, INSERM UMRS 1124, Paris, France
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ryan Rahy
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Georges Khazen
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Rony S. Khnayzer
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
- * E-mail: (DG); (RSK); (PAZ)
| | - Dominique Gauguier
- Université de Paris, INSERM UMRS 1124, Paris, France
- McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- * E-mail: (DG); (RSK); (PAZ)
| | - Pierre A. Zalloua
- School of Medicine, University of Balamand, Amioun, Lebanon
- * E-mail: (DG); (RSK); (PAZ)
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Teixeira A, Fernandes A, Pereira E. Fat content reduction and lipid profile improvement in Portuguese fermented sausages alheira. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05306. [PMID: 33102880 PMCID: PMC7578263 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the current trend to reduce fat consumption, the meat food industry, has been increasing the strategies to produce and commercialize products where the reduction or even elimination of saturated fat is an important goal. This study aimed to test different formulas to reduce the fat content and improve the lipid profile in the Portuguese fermented sausage alheira. Data indicate that the three composition formulas of alheiras tested are not a hypercaloric product and the fatty acid profile could be improved changing the sources of fat and specie of meat, particularly reducing the palmitic and stearic acids and the myristic acid contents and increasing the oleic, linoleic and palmitoleic acid contents. The industry could diversify its offer with two new composition formulas, a pork-free alheira, and oil-free alheira, reducing the fat content and improving the fatty acid profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Teixeira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Alberto Fernandes
- Bísaro - Salsicharia Tradicional, Gimonde, 5300-553 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Etelvina Pereira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
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Olivieri O, Speziali G, Castagna A, Pattini P, Udali S, Pizzolo F, Liesinger L, Gindlhuber J, Tomin T, Schittmayer M, Birner-Gruenberger R, Cecconi D, Girelli D, Friso S, Martinelli N. The Positive Association between Plasma Myristic Acid and ApoCIII Concentrations in Cardiovascular Disease Patients Is Supported by the Effects of Myristic Acid in HepG2 Cells. J Nutr 2020; 150:2707-2715. [PMID: 32710763 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the settings of primary and secondary prevention for coronary artery disease (CAD), a crucial role is played by some key molecules involved in triglyceride (TG) metabolism, such as ApoCIII. Fatty acid (FA) intake is well recognized as a main determinant of plasma lipids, including plasma TG concentration. OBJECTIVES The aim was to investigate the possible relations between the intakes of different FAs, estimated by their plasma concentrations, and circulating amounts of ApoCIII. METHODS Plasma samples were obtained from 1370 subjects with or without angiographically demonstrated CAD (mean ± SD age: 60.6 ± 11.0 y; males: 75.8%; BMI: 25.9 ± 4.6 kg/m2; CAD: 73.3%). Plasma lipid, ApoCIII, and FA concentrations were measured. Data were analyzed by regression models adjusted for FAs and other potential confounders, such as sex, age, BMI, diabetes, smoking, and lipid-lowering therapies. The in vitro effects of FAs were tested by incubating HepG2 hepatoma cells with increasing concentrations of selected FAs, and the mRNA and protein contents in the cells were quantified by real-time RT-PCR and LC-MS/MS analyses. RESULTS Among all the analyzed FAs, myristic acid (14:0) showed the most robust correlations with both TGs (R = 0.441, P = 2.6 × 10-66) and ApoCIII (R = 0.327, P = 1.1 × 10-31). By multiple regression analysis, myristic acid was the best predictor of both plasma TG and ApoCIII variability. Plasma TG and ApoCIII concentrations increased progressively at increasing concentrations of myristic acid, independently of CAD diagnosis and gender. Consistent with these data, in the in vitro experiments, an ∼2-fold increase in the expression levels of the ApoCIII mRNA and protein was observed after incubation with 250 μM myristic acid. A weaker effect (∼30% increase) was observed for palmitic acid, whereas incubation with oleic acid did not affect ApoCIII protein or gene expression. CONCLUSIONS Plasma myristic acid is associated with increased ApoCIII concentrations in cardiovascular patients. In vitro experiments indicated that myristic acid stimulates ApoCIII expression in HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Silvia Udali
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Laura Liesinger
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria.,Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Diagnostic and Research Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Omics Center Graz, BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Juergen Gindlhuber
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria.,Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Diagnostic and Research Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Omics Center Graz, BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Tamara Tomin
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria.,Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Diagnostic and Research Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Omics Center Graz, BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Matthias Schittmayer
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria.,Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Diagnostic and Research Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Omics Center Graz, BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ruth Birner-Gruenberger
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria.,Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Diagnostic and Research Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Omics Center Graz, BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Daniela Cecconi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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10
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Lee Y, Lai HTM, de Oliveira Otto MC, Lemaitre RN, McKnight B, King IB, Song X, Huggins GS, Vest AR, Siscovick DS, Mozaffarian D. Serial Biomarkers of De Novo Lipogenesis Fatty Acids and Incident Heart Failure in Older Adults: The Cardiovascular Health Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e014119. [PMID: 32020839 PMCID: PMC7070205 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.014119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background De novo lipogenesis (DNL) is an endogenous pathway that converts excess dietary starch, sugar, protein, and alcohol into specific fatty acids (FAs). Although elevated DNL is linked to several metabolic abnormalities, little is known about how long-term habitual levels and changes in levels of FAs in the DNL pathway relate to incident heart failure (HF). Methods and Results We investigated whether habitual levels and changes in serial measures of FAs in the DNL pathway were associated with incident HF among 4249 participants free of HF at baseline. Plasma phospholipid FAs were measured at baseline, 6 years, and 13 years using gas chromatography, and risk factors for HF were measured using standardized methods. Incident HF was centrally adjudicated using medical records. We prospectively evaluated associations with HF risk of (1) habitual FA levels, using cumulative updating to assess long-term exposure, and (2) changes in FA levels over time. During 22.1 years of follow-up, 1304 HF cases occurred. After multivariable adjustment, habitual levels and changes in levels of palmitic acid (16:0) were positively associated with incident HF (interquintile hazard ratio [95% CI]=1.17 [1.00-1.36] and 1.26 [1.03-1.55], respectively). Changes in levels of 7-hexadecenoic acid (16:1n-9) and vaccenic acid (18:1n-7) were each positively associated with risk of HF (1.36 [1.13-1.62], and 1.43 [1.18-1.72], respectively). Habitual levels and changes in levels of myristic acid (14:0), palmitoleic acid (16:1n-7), stearic acid (18:0), and oleic acid (18:1n-9) were not associated with incident HF. Conclusions Both habitual levels and changes in levels of 16:0 were positively associated with incident HF in older adults. Changes in 16:1n-9 and 18:1n-7 were also positively associated with incident HF. These findings support a potential role of DNL or these DNL-related FAs in the development of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Lee
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and PolicyTufts UniversityBostonMA
| | - Heidi T. M. Lai
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and PolicyTufts UniversityBostonMA
| | - Marcia C. de Oliveira Otto
- Division of EpidemiologyHuman Genetics and Environmental SciencesThe University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) School of Public HealthHoustonTX
| | - Rozenn N. Lemaitre
- Cardivascular Health Research UnitDepartment of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWA
| | | | - Irena B. King
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNM
| | | | - Gordon S. Huggins
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute Center for Translational GenomicsTufts Medical CenterBostonMA
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11
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Valenti V, Noto D, Giammanco A, Fayer F, Spina R, Altieri GI, Ingrassia V, Scrimali C, Barbagallo CM, Brucato F, Misiano G, Cefalù AB, Averna MR. PCSK9-D374Y mediated LDL-R degradation can be functionally inhibited by EGF-A and truncated EGF-A peptides: An in vitro study. Atherosclerosis 2020; 292:209-214. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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12
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Speziali G, Liesinger L, Gindlhuber J, Leopold C, Pucher B, Brandi J, Castagna A, Tomin T, Krenn P, Thallinger GG, Olivieri O, Martinelli N, Kratky D, Schittmayer M, Birner-Gruenberger R, Cecconi D. Myristic acid induces proteomic and secretomic changes associated with steatosis, cytoskeleton remodeling, endoplasmic reticulum stress, protein turnover and exosome release in HepG2 cells. J Proteomics 2018; 181:118-130. [PMID: 29654920 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Myristic acid, the 14-carbon saturated fatty acid (C14:0), is associated to an increased cardiovascular disease risk. Since it is found in low concentration in cells, its specific properties have not been fully analyzed. The aim of this study was to explore the cell response to this fatty acid to help explaining clinical findings on the relationship between C14:0 and cardiovascular disease. The human liver HepG2 cell line was used to investigate the hepatic response to C14:0 in a combined proteomic and secretomic approach. A total of 47 intracellular and 32 secreted proteins were deregulated after treatments with different concentrations of C14:0. Data are available via ProteomeXchange (PXD007902). In addition, C14:0 treatment of primary murine hepatocytes confirmed that C14:0 induces lipid droplet accumulation and elevates perilipin-2 levels. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that C14:0 modulates lipid droplet formation and cytoskeleton organization, induce ER stress, changes in exosome and extracellular miRNA sorting in HepG2cells. Our data provide for the first time a proteomic profiling of the effects of C14:0 in human hepatoma cells and contribute to the elucidation of molecular mechanisms through which this fatty acid may cause adverse health effects. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Myristic acid is correlated with an increase in plasma cholesterol and mortality due to cardiovascular diseases. This study is the first example of an integration of proteomic and secretomic analysis of HepG2 cells to investigate the specific properties and functional roles of myristic acid on hepatic cells. Our analyses will lead to a better understanding of the myristic acid induced effects and can elicit new diagnostic and treatment strategies based on altered proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Speziali
- Department of Biotechnology, Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, Verona, Italy
| | - Laura Liesinger
- Research Unit of Functional Proteomics and Metabolic Pathways, Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Omics Center Graz, BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Juergen Gindlhuber
- Research Unit of Functional Proteomics and Metabolic Pathways, Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Omics Center Graz, BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Christina Leopold
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Bettina Pucher
- Research Unit of Functional Proteomics and Metabolic Pathways, Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Omics Center Graz, BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria; Institute of Computational Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Jessica Brandi
- Department of Biotechnology, Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, Verona, Italy
| | - Annalisa Castagna
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Verona, P.le L.A. Scuro 10, Verona, Italy
| | - Tamara Tomin
- Research Unit of Functional Proteomics and Metabolic Pathways, Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Omics Center Graz, BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Petra Krenn
- Research Unit of Functional Proteomics and Metabolic Pathways, Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Omics Center Graz, BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gerhard G Thallinger
- Omics Center Graz, BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria; Institute of Computational Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Oliviero Olivieri
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Verona, P.le L.A. Scuro 10, Verona, Italy
| | - Nicola Martinelli
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Verona, P.le L.A. Scuro 10, Verona, Italy
| | - Dagmar Kratky
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Matthias Schittmayer
- Research Unit of Functional Proteomics and Metabolic Pathways, Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Omics Center Graz, BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria; Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ruth Birner-Gruenberger
- Research Unit of Functional Proteomics and Metabolic Pathways, Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Omics Center Graz, BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria; Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Daniela Cecconi
- Department of Biotechnology, Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, Verona, Italy.
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13
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Klingel SL, Roke K, Hidalgo B, Aslibekyan S, Straka RJ, An P, Province MA, Hopkins PN, Arnett DK, Ordovas JM, Lai CQ, Mutch DM. Sex Differences in Blood HDL-c, the Total Cholesterol/HDL-c Ratio, and Palmitoleic Acid are Not Associated with Variants in Common Candidate Genes. Lipids 2017; 52:969-980. [PMID: 29080057 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-017-4307-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Blood lipids are associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Moreover, circulating lipid and fatty acid levels vary between men and women, and evidence demonstrates these traits may be influenced by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP). Sex-genotype interactions related to blood lipids and fatty acids have been poorly investigated and may help elucidate sex differences in CVD risk. The goal of this study was to investigate if the influence of SNPs previously associated with blood lipids and fatty acids varies in a sex-specific manner. Lipids and fatty acids were measured in serum and red blood cells (RBC), respectively, in 94 adults (18-30 years) from the GONE FISHIN' cohort and 118 age-matched individuals from the GOLDN cohort. HDL-c levels were higher and the total cholesterol/HDL-c (TC/HDL-c) ratio was lower in women versus men (p < 0.01). RBC palmitoleic acid and the stearoyl-CoA desaturase index were both higher in women (p < 0.01). Fatty acid desaturase (FADS) pathway activity (estimated using the ratio of eicosapentaenoic acid/alpha-linolenic acid) was higher in men (p < 0.01). The AA genotype for rs1800775 in CETP had a lower TC/HDL-c ratio in men, but not women (p int = 0.03). Independent of sex, major alleles for rs174537 in FADS1 (GG) and rs3211956 in CD36 (TT) had higher arachidonic acid, lower dihomo-γ-linoleic acid, and a higher FADS1 activity compared to minor alleles. The current study showed that blood lipid and fatty acid levels vary between healthy young men and women, but that the observed sex differences are not associated with common variants in candidate lipid metabolism genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon L Klingel
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Animal Science and Nutrition Building, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Kaitlin Roke
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Animal Science and Nutrition Building, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Bertha Hidalgo
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Public Health, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Stella Aslibekyan
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Public Health, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Robert J Straka
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ping An
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael A Province
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Paul N Hopkins
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Donna K Arnett
- College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jose M Ordovas
- JM-USDA-Human Nutrition Research Center ON Aging, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA.,Instituto Madrileno Estudios Avanzados Alimentacion, Madrid, Spain.,Centro Nacional Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - David M Mutch
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Animal Science and Nutrition Building, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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