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Huang Q, Chen C, Zhang Z, Xue Q. Anti-inflammatory effects of myristic acid mediated by the NF-κB pathway in lipopolysaccharide-induced BV-2 microglial cells. Mol Omics 2023; 19:726-734. [PMID: 37466104 DOI: 10.1039/d3mo00063j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a serious neurodegenerative disorder wherein changes in metabolites related to lipids, glutathione, and energy metabolism occur. Currently, metabolite changes in PD have been reported, yet their role in the prognosis of disease remains poorly understood. Functional metabolites can be used to diagnose diseases, especially PD, and can exert neuroprotective effects. This study used a PD animal model and a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated inflammatory response model (using the BV-2 mouse microglial cell line) to identify functional metabolites that can identify important metabolic disorders during PD, and comprehensively evaluated their profiles using a metabolomics-based approach. Our results showed that co-treatment with myristic acid and heptadecanoic acid downregulated the expression of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α in BV-2 cells. Additionally, myristic acid and 10 μM heptadecanoic acid significantly inhibited the LPS-induced inflammatory response through the nuclear factor-κB pathway in BV-2 microglial cells, which provides a potential approach for PD treatment. Myristic acid and heptadecanoic acid were the active metabolites found by active metabolomics technology, but at present, there is no research report about their function for PD treatment, and our findings offer a novel research strategy for PD diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Huang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China.
- Department of Neurology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Chunyan Chen
- Department of Neurology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Zhongxiao Zhang
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200336, China.
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Qun Xue
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China.
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China
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Lechner K, von Schacky C, Scherr J, Lorenz E, Bock M, Lechner B, Haller B, Krannich A, Halle M, Wachter R, Duvinage A, Edelmann F. Saturated Fatty Acid Blood Levels and Cardiometabolic Phenotype in Patients with HFpEF: A Secondary Analysis of the Aldo-DHF Trial. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092296. [PMID: 36140396 PMCID: PMC9496272 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Circulating long-chain (LCSFAs) and very long-chain saturated fatty acids (VLSFAs) have been differentially linked to risk of incident heart failure (HF). In patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), associations of blood SFA levels with patient characteristics are unknown. Methods: From the Aldo-DHF-RCT, whole blood SFAs were analyzed at baseline in n = 404 using the HS-Omega-3-Index® methodology. Patient characteristics were 67 ± 8 years, 53% female, NYHA II/III (87%/13%), ejection fraction ≥50%, E/e’ 7.1 ± 1.5; and median NT-proBNP 158 ng/L (IQR 82–298). Spearman´s correlation coefficients and linear regression analyses, using sex and age as covariates, were used to describe associations of blood SFAs with metabolic phenotype, functional capacity, cardiac function, and neurohumoral activation at baseline and after 12-month follow-up (12 mFU). Results: In line with prior data supporting a potential role of de novo lipogenesis-related LCSFAs in the development of HF, we showed that baseline blood levels of C14:0 and C16:0 were associated with cardiovascular risk factors and/or lower exercise capacity in patients with HFpEF at baseline/12 mFU. Contrarily, the three major circulating VLSFAs, lignoceric acid (C24:0), behenic acid (C22:0), and arachidic acid (C20:0), as well as the LCSFA C18:0, were broadly associated with a lower risk phenotype, particularly a lower risk lipid profile. No associations were found between cardiac function and blood SFAs. Conclusions: Blood SFAs were differentially linked to biomarkers and anthropometric markers indicative of a higher-/lower-risk cardiometabolic phenotype in HFpEF patients. Blood SFA warrant further investigation as prognostic markers in HFpEF. One Sentence Summary: In patients with HFpEF, individual circulating blood SFAs were differentially associated with cardiometabolic phenotype and aerobic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Lechner
- Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Department of Prevention, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 80992 Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich, Munich Heart Alliance, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Kardiologie, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, 80636 Munich, Germany
| | | | - Johannes Scherr
- Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Department of Prevention, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 80992 Munich, Germany
- University Center for Prevention and Sports Medicine, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elke Lorenz
- Kardiologie, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, 80636 Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Bock
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich, Munich Heart Alliance, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Kardiologie, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, 80636 Munich, Germany
| | - Benjamin Lechner
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians University, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Haller
- Institute of AI and Informatics in Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | | | - Martin Halle
- Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Department of Prevention, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 80992 Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich, Munich Heart Alliance, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Rolf Wachter
- Clinic and Policlinic for Cardiology, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - André Duvinage
- Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Department of Prevention, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 80992 Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich, Munich Heart Alliance, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Frank Edelmann
- Department of Cardiology, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)30-450-553731; Fax: +49-(0)30-450-7-553731
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Li D, Long Y, Yu S, Shi A, Wan J, Wen J, Li X, Liu S, Zhang Y, Li N, Zheng C, Yang M, Shen L. Research Advances in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:832673. [PMID: 35173614 PMCID: PMC8841966 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.832673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardio-cerebrovascular diseases (CVDs) are a serious threat to human health and account for 31% of global mortality. Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. (CX) is derived from umbellifer plants. Its rhizome, leaves, and fibrous roots are similar in composition but have different contents. It has been used in Japanese, Korean, and other traditional medicine for over 2000 years. Currently, it is mostly cultivated and has high safety and low side effects. Due to the lack of a systematic summary of the efficacy of CX in the treatment of CVDs, this article describes the material basis, molecular mechanism, and clinical efficacy of CX, as well as its combined application in the treatment of CVDs, and has been summarized from the perspective of safety. In particular, the pharmacological effect of CX in the treatment of CVDs is highlighted from the point of view of its mechanism, and the complex mechanism network has been determined to improve the understanding of CX's multi-link and multi-target therapeutic effects, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and endothelial cells. This article offers a new and modern perspective on the impact of CX on CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Long
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ai Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinyan Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoqiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Songyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yulu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Nan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Lin Shen
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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de la Parra Soto LG, Gutiérrez-Uribe JA, Sharma A, Ramírez-Jiménez AK. Is Apo-CIII the new cardiovascular target? An analysis of its current clinical and dietetic therapies. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 32:295-308. [PMID: 34895805 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Recently, Apolipoprotein CIII (Apo-CIII) has gained remarkable attention since its overexpression has been strongly correlated to cardiovascular disease (CVD) occurrence. The aim of this review was to summarize the latest findings of Apo-CIII as a CVDs and diabetes risk factor, as well as the plausible mechanisms involved in the development of these pathologies, with particular emphasis on current clinical and dietetic therapies. DATA SYNTHESIS Apo-CIII is a small protein (∼8.8 kDa) that, among other functions, inhibits lipoprotein lipase, a key enzyme in lipid metabolism. Apo-CIII plays a fundamental role in the physiopathology of atherosclerosis, type-1, and type-2 diabetes. Apo-CIII has become a potential clinical target to tackle these multifactorial diseases. Dietetic (omega-3 fatty acids, stanols, polyphenols, lycopene) and non-dietetic (fibrates, statins, and antisense oligonucleotides) therapies have shown promising results to regulate Apo-CIII and triglyceride levels. However, more information from clinical trials is required to validate it as a new target for atherosclerosis and diabetes types 1 and 2. CONCLUSIONS There are still several pathways involving Apo-CIII regulation that might be affected by bioactive compounds that need further research. The mechanisms that trigger metabolic responses following bioactive compounds consumption are mainly related to higher LPL expression and PPARα activation, although the complete pathways are yet to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo G de la Parra Soto
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, C.P. 64849, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico
| | - Janet A Gutiérrez-Uribe
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, C.P. 64849, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico
| | - Ashutosh Sharma
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Centre of Bioengineering, Campus Queretaro, Av. Epigmenio González, No. 500, Fracc. San Pablo, 76130, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Aurea K Ramírez-Jiménez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, C.P. 64849, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico.
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Lisuzzo A, Bonelli F, Sgorbini M, Nocera I, Cento G, Mazzotta E, Turini L, Martini M, Salari F, Morgante M, Badon T, Fiore E. Differences of the Plasma Total Lipid Fraction from Pre-Foaling to Post-Foaling Period in Donkeys. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12030304. [PMID: 35158628 PMCID: PMC8833319 DOI: 10.3390/ani12030304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary An association between increased metabolic demands and reduced dry matter intake is observed from late gestation to early lactation in donkeys. Furthermore, little is known about the nutritional and energy requirements of this period in animals. Changes in energy metabolism make donkeys more susceptible to metabolic diseases such as hyperlipemia, which is characterized by the mobilization of fatty acids from adipose tissue. A better knowledge of this period could improve animal husbandry, well-being, and health. The aim of this study was to analyze the plasma total lipid fraction, to highlight metabolic changes from the pre-foaling to post-foaling periods, using the gas chromatography technique. Our findings reveal a greater risk of metabolic disease in late gestation to early lactation in donkeys. Abstract The period from late gestation to early lactation is characterized by changes in energy metabolism. The aim of the current study was to analyze the plasma total lipid fraction using gas chromatography (GC) analysis, in order to highlight metabolic changes from the pre-foaling to post-foaling periods. Eleven pluriparous dairy jennies (mean age of 11.88 ± 3.79 years) belonging to the Amiata donkey breed were enrolled. Blood sampling was performed at 15 days before foaling (T0), and 15 (T1), 30 (T2), 60 (T3), and 90 (T4) days after foaling, for biochemical and GC analysis. A total of 37 fatty acids were identified in plasma samples: 4 medium chain (MCFA), 24 long chain (LCFA), and 9 very-long chain (VLCFA) fatty acids. Among them, 20 fatty acids changed significantly, and two fatty acid showed a trend toward significance. Furthermore, the LCFA, saturated, unsaturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated ω-3 fatty acids changed significantly during the study period. The main alterations were between T0 and the other time points and appeared to be related to lipid metabolism, cellular structure and function, and inflammatory and immune responses. Our findings reveal greater energy requirements at the end of gestation compared to early lactation in donkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Lisuzzo
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (A.L.); (G.C.); (E.M.); (M.M.); (T.B.)
| | - Francesca Bonelli
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.B.); (M.S.); (I.N.); (L.T.); (M.M.); (F.S.)
| | - Micaela Sgorbini
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.B.); (M.S.); (I.N.); (L.T.); (M.M.); (F.S.)
| | - Irene Nocera
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.B.); (M.S.); (I.N.); (L.T.); (M.M.); (F.S.)
| | - Giulia Cento
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (A.L.); (G.C.); (E.M.); (M.M.); (T.B.)
| | - Elisa Mazzotta
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (A.L.); (G.C.); (E.M.); (M.M.); (T.B.)
| | - Luca Turini
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.B.); (M.S.); (I.N.); (L.T.); (M.M.); (F.S.)
| | - Mina Martini
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.B.); (M.S.); (I.N.); (L.T.); (M.M.); (F.S.)
| | - Federica Salari
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.B.); (M.S.); (I.N.); (L.T.); (M.M.); (F.S.)
| | - Massimo Morgante
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (A.L.); (G.C.); (E.M.); (M.M.); (T.B.)
| | - Tamara Badon
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (A.L.); (G.C.); (E.M.); (M.M.); (T.B.)
| | - Enrico Fiore
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (A.L.); (G.C.); (E.M.); (M.M.); (T.B.)
- Correspondence:
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Vieyra-Alberto R, Zetina-Martínez RE, Olivares-Pérez J, Galicia-Aguilar HH, Rojas-Hernández S, Ángeles-Hernández JC. Effect of soybean grain (Glycine max L.) supplementation on the production and fatty acid profile in milk of grazing cows in the dry tropics of Mexico. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:52. [PMID: 35024962 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03056-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Improving the lipid profile in milk of cows with the use of soybean grain (Glycine max L.) can be favored in the grazing systems in the dry tropics of Mexico. The objective was to evaluate the milk production, the chemical composition, and the fatty acids profile (FAs) of the milk of cows in continuous grazing and supplemented with and without ground roasted soybean in the dry tropics of Mexico. Ten cows randomly distributed in two equal groups were used. Daily during confinement for milking, the cows individually received the treatments on dry basis T0: supplement with 4.6 kg commercial concentrate® without soybean, T1: supplement with 3.7 kg commercial concentrate® with 380 g of soybean. During the 78 days of the experiment, milk production was measured in all cows, and samples were collected to determine the chemical composition and FAs profile. Milk production, protein, milk total fat, lactose, and non-fat solids did not vary with treatment (p >0.05). Linoleic acid content (C18: 2, cis, cis-∆9, ∆12) increased by 22% in milk fat of cows of the T1 (p ˂0.05). The sum of the mono- and polyunsaturated FAs 29.1%, the ratio of saturated-unsaturated FAs (1.65), and the atherogenicity index (1.71) also improved in the milk of cows supplemented with T1 (p ˂0.05). It was concluded that ground roasted soybean supplement in the diet of grazing dairy cows did not affect production and did improve the lipid profile in milk fat with favorable index to promote human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Vieyra-Alberto
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias (ICAP), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Av. Rancho Universitario s/n km 1, CP43760, Tulancingo, Hidalgo, México.
| | - Reyna Elizabeth Zetina-Martínez
- Programa de Maestría en Ciencias Agropecuarias y Gestión Local, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Iguala de la Independencia, CP 40101, Guerrero, México
| | - Jaime Olivares-Pérez
- Programa de Maestría en Ciencias Agropecuarias y Gestión Local, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Iguala de la Independencia, CP 40101, Guerrero, México.
| | | | - Saúl Rojas-Hernández
- Programa de Maestría en Ciencias Agropecuarias y Gestión Local, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Iguala de la Independencia, CP 40101, Guerrero, México
| | - Juan Carlos Ángeles-Hernández
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias (ICAP), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Av. Rancho Universitario s/n km 1, CP43760, Tulancingo, Hidalgo, México
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Maki KC, Dicklin MR, Kirkpatrick CF. Saturated fats and cardiovascular health: Current evidence and controversies. J Clin Lipidol 2021; 15:765-772. [PMID: 34649831 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2021.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A diet high in saturated fatty acids (SFA) is a suspected contributor to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk, in large part because of an effect to raise the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentration. Most dietary guidance from health authorities advocates limiting intake of SFA, particularly for people with clinical ASCVD, dyslipidemia, or diabetes mellitus. However, recent reviews have highlighted controversies regarding SFA intake and cardiovascular health. This brief editorial commentary includes a discussion of the evidence regarding SFA intake and cardiovascular health, outlines gaps in the available evidence, and proposes tentative conclusions based on what is known today about SFA consumption and ASCVD risk. Results from observational studies demonstrate that dietary patterns with lower average intakes of SFA are associated with favorable cardiovascular outcomes. Additionally, although the number of randomized controlled trials testing the effects of reducing SFA intake on ASCVD outcomes is limited, the available evidence supports the view that replacing SFA with unsaturated fatty acids, particularly polyunsaturated fatty acids, may reduce ASCVD risk. Beyond raising LDL-C and atherogenic lipoprotein particle concentrations, higher intakes of SFA may influence pathways affecting inflammation, cardiac rhythm, hemostasis, apolipoprotein CIII production, and high-density lipoprotein function. However, the impacts of these effects on ASCVD risk remain uncertain. In the authors' view, the totality of the evidence supports the current recommendation to limit SFA intake to <10% of total daily energy for the general healthy population and further (e.g., to 5-6% of total daily energy) for patients with hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin C Maki
- Indiana University, Department of Applied Health Science, School of Public Health, 1025 East 7th Street, Suite 111, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; Midwest Biomedical Research, 211 East Lake Street, Suite 3, Addison, IL 60101, USA.
| | - Mary R Dicklin
- Midwest Biomedical Research, 211 East Lake Street, Suite 3, Addison, IL 60101, USA.
| | - Carol F Kirkpatrick
- Kasiska Division of Health Sciences, Idaho State University, 921 South 8th Avenue, Pocatello, ID 83209, USA.
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McBurney MI, Tintle NL, Vasan RS, Sala-Vila A, Harris WS. Using an erythrocyte fatty acid fingerprint to predict risk of all-cause mortality: the Framingham Offspring Cohort. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 114:1447-1454. [PMID: 34134132 PMCID: PMC8488873 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND RBC long-chain omega-3 (n-3) fatty acid (FA) percentages (of total fatty acids) are associated with lower risk for total mortality, but it is unknown if a suite of FAs could improve risk prediction. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to compare a combination of RBC FA levels with standard risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in predicting risk of all-cause mortality. METHODS Framingham Offspring Cohort participants without prevalent CVD having RBC FA measurements and relevant baseline clinical covariates (n = 2240) were evaluated during 11 y of follow-up. A forward, stepwise approach was used to systematically evaluate the association of 8 standard risk factors (age, sex, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, hypertension treatment, systolic blood pressure, smoking status, and prevalent diabetes) and 28 FA metrics with all-cause mortality. A 10-fold cross-validation process was used to build and validate models adjusted for age and sex. RESULTS Four of 28 FA metrics [14:0, 16:1n-7, 22:0, and omega-3 index (O3I; 20:5n-3 + 22:6n-3)] appeared in ≥5 of the discovery models as significant predictors of all-cause mortality. In age- and sex-adjusted models, a model with 4 FA metrics was at least as good at predicting all-cause mortality as a model including the remaining 6 standard risk factors (C-statistic: 0.778; 95% CI: 0.759, 0.797; compared with C-statistic: 0.777; 95% CI: 0.753, 0.802). A model with 4 FA metrics plus smoking and diabetes (FA + Sm + D) had a higher C-statistic (0.790; 95% CI: 0.770, 0.811) compared with the FA (P < 0.01) or Sm + D models alone (C-statistic: 0.766; 95% CI: 0.739, 0.794; P < 0.001). A variety of other highly correlated FAs could be substituted for 14:0, 16:1n-7, 22:0, or O3I with similar predicted outcomes. CONCLUSIONS In this community-based population in their mid-60s, RBC FA patterns were as predictive of risk for death during the next 11 y as standard risk factors. Replication is needed in other cohorts to validate this FA fingerprint as a predictor of all-cause mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nathan L Tintle
- The Fatty Acid Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD, USA,Department of Statistics, Dordt University, Sioux Center, IA, USA
| | | | - Aleix Sala-Vila
- The Fatty Acid Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD, USA,Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - William S Harris
- The Fatty Acid Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD, USA,Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
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Alshahawy R, Habachi NE, Allam E, Jernerén F, Refsum H, Elshorbagy A. Changes in plasma fatty acids and related biomarkers during transition to an exclusively plant- and fish-based diet in healthy adults. Nutrition 2021; 90:111306. [PMID: 34166896 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the time scale of plasma fatty acid changes during transition to an exclusively plant- and fish-based diet in healthy individuals and determine whether there are associated alterations in arachidonic acid (ARA)-derived inflammatory mediators, estimated stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase (SCD) activity, and blood pressure. METHODS In pursuit of a religious fast, 36 adults abstained from eating poultry, meat, dairy products, and eggs, while increasing fish intake for 6 wk. Participants were assessed 1 wk before (W0) and 1 (W1) and 6 (W6) weeks after the diet change. RESULTS By W6, fasting plasma long-chain ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 LC-PUFAs); docosahexaenoic (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic (EPA) had increased (+67% and +73%, respectively; P ≤ 0.001), with early rise of DHA (+22%), but not EPA at W1.The ω-3 index (sum of DHA and EPA as a percent of total fatty acids) increased from 2.1% to 3.4%. ARA decreased progressively (W1, -9%; W6, -16%; P < 0.001). ARA precursors γ-linolenic and dihomo-γ-linolenic acids also decreased, without changes in the ARA-derived mediators prostaglandin-E2 and leukotriene-B4. Myristic acid decreased at W1 (-37%) and W6 (-40%). There was no consistent change in SCD indices. At W6, systolic and diastolic blood pressure had declined by 8 and 5 mm Hg, respectively (P ≤ 0.013). CONCLUSIONS Shifting to a plant- and fish-based diet produces rapid and sustained increases in ω-3 LC-PUFAs and decreases the ω-6 PUFA ARA and its precursors, consistent with a cardio-protective profile. The rapid response suggests that these biomarkers may be useful for assessment of diet interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Alshahawy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kafr-Elshikh, Kafr-Elshikh, Egypt.
| | - Nihal El Habachi
- Alexandria Clinical Research Center, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Eman Allam
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Fredrik Jernerén
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Helga Refsum
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Amany Elshorbagy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Fernandez ML. The Positive Association of Plasma Myristic Acid and Apolipoprotein CIII Concentrations. J Nutr 2020; 150:2613-2614. [PMID: 32805056 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luz Fernandez
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
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