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Magondo N, Meintjes EM, Warton FL, Little F, van der Kouwe AJW, Laughton B, Jankiewicz M, Holmes MJ. Distinct alterations in white matter properties and organization related to maternal treatment initiation in neonates exposed to HIV but uninfected. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8822. [PMID: 38627570 PMCID: PMC11021525 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58339-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
HIV exposed-uninfected (HEU) infants and children are at risk of developmental delays as compared to HIV uninfected unexposed (HUU) populations. The effects of exposure to in utero HIV and ART regimens on the HEU the developing brain are not well understood. In a cohort of 2-week-old newborns, we used diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) tractography and graph theory to examine the influence of HIV and ART exposure in utero on neonate white matter integrity and organisation. The cohort included HEU infants born to mothers who started ART before conception (HEUpre) and after conception (HEUpost), as well as HUU infants from the same community. We investigated HIV exposure and ART duration group differences in DTI metrics (fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD)) and graph measures across white matter. We found increased MD in white matter connections involving the thalamus and limbic system in the HEUpre group compared to HUU. We further identified reduced nodal efficiency in the basal ganglia. Within the HEUpost group, we observed reduced FA in cortical-subcortical and cerebellar connections as well as decreased transitivity in the hindbrain area compared to HUU. Overall, our analysis demonstrated distinct alterations in white matter integrity related to the timing of maternal ART initiation that influence regional brain network properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ndivhuwo Magondo
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Biomedical Engineering Research Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Ernesta M Meintjes
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Biomedical Engineering Research Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
- Cape Universities Body Imaging Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Fleur L Warton
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Biomedical Engineering Research Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Francesca Little
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Andre J W van der Kouwe
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Biomedical Engineering Research Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MI, USA
| | - Barbara Laughton
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health and Tygerberg Children's Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Family Centre for Research with Ubuntu, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Marcin Jankiewicz
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Biomedical Engineering Research Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Cape Universities Body Imaging Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- ImageTech, Simon Fraser University, Surrey, BC, Canada
| | - Martha J Holmes
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Biomedical Engineering Research Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- ImageTech, Simon Fraser University, Surrey, BC, Canada
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Kram L, Schroeder A, Meyer B, Krieg SM, Ille S. Function-guided differences of arcuate fascicle and inferior fronto-occipital fascicle tractography as diagnostic indicators for surgical risk stratification. Brain Struct Funct 2024:10.1007/s00429-024-02787-3. [PMID: 38597941 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-024-02787-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several patients with language-eloquent gliomas face language deterioration postoperatively. Persistent aphasia is frequently associated with damage to subcortical language pathways. Underlying mechanisms still need to be better understood, complicating preoperative risk assessment. This study compared qualitative and quantitative functionally relevant subcortical differences pre- and directly postoperatively in glioma patients with and without aphasia. METHODS Language-relevant cortical sites were defined using navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) language mapping in 74 patients between 07/2016 and 07/2019. Post-hoc nTMS-based diffusion tensor imaging tractography was used to compare a tract's pre- and postoperative visualization, volume and fractional anisotropy (FA), and the preoperative distance between tract and lesion and postoperative overlap with the resection cavity between the following groups: no aphasia (NoA), tumor- or previous resection induced aphasia persistent pre- and postoperatively (TIA_P), and surgery-induced transient or permanent aphasia (SIA_T or SIA_P). RESULTS Patients with NoA, TIA_P, SIA_T, and SIA_P showed distinct fasciculus arcuatus (AF) and inferior-fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF) properties. The AF was more frequently reconstructable, and the FA of IFOF was higher in NoA than TIA_P cases (all p ≤ 0.03). Simultaneously, SIA_T cases showed higher IFOF fractional anisotropy than TIA_P cases (p < 0.001) and the most considerable AF volume loss overall. While not statistically significant, the four SIA_P cases showed complete loss of ventral language streams postoperatively, the highest resection-cavity-AF-overlap, and the shortest AF to tumor distance. CONCLUSION Functionally relevant qualitative and quantitative differences in AF and IFOF provide a pre- and postoperative pathophysiological and clinically relevant diagnostic indicator that supports surgical risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Kram
- Department of Neurosurgery, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Axel Schroeder
- Department of Neurosurgery, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Meyer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Sandro M Krieg
- Department of Neurosurgery, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Ille
- Department of Neurosurgery, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Magondo N, Meintjes EM, Warton FL, Little F, van der Kouwe AJ, Laughton B, Jankiewicz M, Holmes MJ. Distinct alterations in white matter properties and organization related to maternal treatment initiation in neonates exposed to HIV but uninfected. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.11.575169. [PMID: 38260347 PMCID: PMC10802593 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.11.575169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
HIV exposed-uninfected (HEU) infants and children are at risk of developmental delays as compared to uninfected unexposed (HUU) populations. The effects of exposure to in utero HIV and ART regimens on the HEU the developing brain are not well understood. In a cohort of 2-week-old newborns, we used diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) tractography and graph theory to examine the influence of HIV and ART exposure in utero on neonate white matter integrity and organisation. The cohort included HEU infants born to mothers who started ART before conception (HEUpre) and after conception (HEUpost), as well as HUU infants from the same community. We investigated HIV exposure and ART duration group differences in DTI metrics (fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD)) and graph measures across white matter. We found increased MD in white matter connections involving the thalamus and limbic system in the HEUpre group compared to HUU. We further identified reduced nodal efficiency in the basal ganglia. Within the HEUpost group, we observed reduced FA in cortical-subcortical and cerebellar connections as well as decreased transitivity in the hindbrain area compared to HUU. Overall, our analysis demonstrated distinct alterations in white matter integrity related to the timing of maternal ART initiation that influence regional brain network properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ndivhuwo Magondo
- Biomedical Engineering Research Centre, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ernesta M. Meintjes
- Biomedical Engineering Research Centre, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Cape Universities Body Imaging Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Fleur L. Warton
- Biomedical Engineering Research Centre, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Francesca Little
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Andre J.W. van der Kouwe
- Biomedical Engineering Research Centre, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA,USA
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MI, USA
| | - Barbara Laughton
- Family Centre for Research with Ubuntu, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health and Tygerberg Children’s Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch,South Africa
| | - Marcin Jankiewicz
- Biomedical Engineering Research Centre, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Cape Universities Body Imaging Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- ImageTech, Simon Fraser University, Surrey, BC, Canada
| | - Martha J. Holmes
- Biomedical Engineering Research Centre, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- ImageTech, Simon Fraser University, Surrey, BC, Canada
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Bosticardo S, Schiavi S, Schaedelin S, Battocchio M, Barakovic M, Lu PJ, Weigel M, Melie-Garcia L, Granziera C, Daducci A. Evaluation of tractography-based myelin-weighted connectivity across the lifespan. Front Neurosci 2024; 17:1228952. [PMID: 38239829 PMCID: PMC10794573 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1228952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Recent studies showed that the myelin of the brain changes in the life span, and demyelination contributes to the loss of brain plasticity during normal aging. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) allows studying brain connectivity in vivo by mapping axons in white matter with tractography algorithms. However, dMRI does not provide insight into myelin; thus, combining tractography with myelin-sensitive maps is necessary to investigate myelin-weighted brain connectivity. Tractometry is designated for this purpose, but it suffers from some serious limitations. Our study assessed the effectiveness of the recently proposed Myelin Streamlines Decomposition (MySD) method in estimating myelin-weighted connectomes and its capacity to detect changes in myelin network architecture during the process of normal aging. This approach opens up new possibilities compared to traditional Tractometry. Methods In a group of 85 healthy controls aged between 18 and 68 years, we estimated myelin-weighted connectomes using Tractometry and MySD, and compared their modulation with age by means of three well-known global network metrics. Results Following the literature, our results show that myelin development continues until brain maturation (40 years old), after which degeneration begins. In particular, mean connectivity strength and efficiency show an increasing trend up to 40 years, after which the process reverses. Both Tractometry and MySD are sensitive to these changes, but MySD turned out to be more accurate. Conclusion After regressing the known predictors, MySD results in lower residual error, indicating that MySD provides more accurate estimates of myelin-weighted connectivity than Tractometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bosticardo
- Diffusion Imaging and Connectivity Estimation (DICE) Lab, Department of Computer Science, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Simona Schiavi
- Diffusion Imaging and Connectivity Estimation (DICE) Lab, Department of Computer Science, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- ASG Superconductors S.p.A., Genoa, Italy
| | - Sabine Schaedelin
- Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Battocchio
- Diffusion Imaging and Connectivity Estimation (DICE) Lab, Department of Computer Science, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Sherbrooke Connectivity Imaging Laboratory (SCIL), Département d’Informatique, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Muhamed Barakovic
- Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Po-Jui Lu
- Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Weigel
- Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lester Melie-Garcia
- Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Granziera
- Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Daducci
- Diffusion Imaging and Connectivity Estimation (DICE) Lab, Department of Computer Science, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Barbeau EB, Badhwar A, Kousaie S, Bellec P, Descoteaux M, Klein D, Petrides M. Dissection of the Temporofrontal Extreme Capsule Fasciculus Using Diffusion MRI Tractography and Association with Lexical Retrieval. eNeuro 2024; 11:ENEURO.0363-23.2023. [PMID: 38164578 PMCID: PMC10849018 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0363-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The well-known arcuate fasciculus that connects the posterior superior temporal region with the language production region in the ventrolateral frontal cortex constitutes the classic peri-Sylvian dorsal stream of language. A second temporofrontal white matter tract connects ventrally the anterior to intermediate lateral temporal cortex with frontal areas via the extreme capsule. This temporofrontal extreme capsule fasciculus (TFexcF) constitutes the ventral stream of language processing. The precise origin, course, and termination of this pathway has been examined in invasive tract tracing studies in macaque monkeys, but there have been no standard protocols for its reconstruction in the human brain using diffusion imaging tractography. Here we provide a protocol for the dissection of the TFexcF in vivo in the human brain using diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) tractography which provides a solid basis for exploring its functional role. A key finding of the current dissection protocol is the demonstration that the TFexcF is left hemisphere lateralized. Furthermore, using the present dissection protocol, we demonstrate that the TFexcF is related to lexical retrieval scores measured with the category fluency test, in contrast to the classical arcuate fasciculus (the dorsal language pathway) that was also dissected and was related to sentence repetition.
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Affiliation(s)
- E B Barbeau
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
- Center for Research on Brain, Language and Music (CRBLM), Montreal, Quebec H3G 2A8, Canada
| | - A Badhwar
- Département de pharmacologie et physiologie, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
- Institut de génie biomédical, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), Montreal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - S Kousaie
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - P Bellec
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), Montreal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
- Département de Psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - M Descoteaux
- Sherbrooke Connectivity Imaging Lab (SCIL), Computer Science Department, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - D Klein
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
- Center for Research on Brain, Language and Music (CRBLM), Montreal, Quebec H3G 2A8, Canada
- Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery
| | - M Petrides
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
- Center for Research on Brain, Language and Music (CRBLM), Montreal, Quebec H3G 2A8, Canada
- Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery
- Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1G1, Canada
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De Cannière G. The olfactory striae: A historical perspective on the inconsistent anatomy of the bulbar projections. J Anat 2024; 244:170-183. [PMID: 37712100 PMCID: PMC10734660 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Central olfactory pathways (i.e., projection axons of the mitral and tufted cells), and especially olfactory striae, lack common terminology. This is due to their high degree of intra- and interindividual variability, which has been studied in detail over the past century by Beccari, Mutel, Klass, Erhart, and more recently, by Duque Parra et al. These variations led to some confusion about their number and anatomical arrangement. Recent advances in fiber tractography have enabled the precise in vivo visualization of human olfactory striae and the study of their projections. However, these studies require their algorithms to be set up according to the presumed anatomy of the analyzed fibers. A more precise definition of the olfactory striae is therefore needed, not only to allow a better analysis of the results but also to ensure the quality of the data obtained. By studying the various published works on the central olfactory pathways from the first systematic description by Soemmerring to the present, I have traced the different discussions on the olfactory tracts and summarized them here. This review adopts a systematic approach by addressing each stria individually and tracing the historical background of what was known about it in the past, compared to the current knowledge. The chronological and organized approach used provides a better understanding of the anatomy of these essential structures of the olfactory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles De Cannière
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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7
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Funk AT, Hassan AAO, Brüggemann N, Sharma N, Breiter HC, Blood AJ, Waugh JL. In humans, striato-pallido-thalamic projections are largely segregated by their origin in either the striosome-like or matrix-like compartments. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1178473. [PMID: 37954873 PMCID: PMC10634229 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1178473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) loops are fundamental organizing units in mammalian brains. CSTCs process limbic, associative, and sensorimotor information in largely separated but interacting networks. CTSC loops pass through paired striatal compartments, striosome (aka patch) and matrix, segregated pools of medium spiny projection neurons with distinct embryologic origins, cortical/subcortical structural connectivity, susceptibility to injury, and roles in behaviors and diseases. Similarly, striatal dopamine modulates activity in striosome and matrix in opposite directions. Routing CSTCs through one compartment may be an anatomical basis for regulating discrete functions. We used differential structural connectivity, identified through probabilistic diffusion tractography, to distinguish the striatal compartments (striosome-like and matrix-like voxels) in living humans. We then mapped compartment-specific projections and quantified structural connectivity between each striatal compartment, the globus pallidus interna (GPi), and 20 thalamic nuclei in 221 healthy adults. We found that striosome-originating and matrix-originating streamlines were segregated within the GPi: striosome-like connectivity was significantly more rostral, ventral, and medial. Striato-pallido-thalamic streamline bundles that were seeded from striosome-like and matrix-like voxels transited spatially distinct portions of the white matter. Matrix-like streamlines were 5.7-fold more likely to reach the GPi, replicating animal tract-tracing studies. Striosome-like connectivity dominated in six thalamic nuclei (anteroventral, central lateral, laterodorsal, lateral posterior, mediodorsal-medial, and medial geniculate). Matrix-like connectivity dominated in seven thalamic nuclei (centromedian, parafascicular, pulvinar-anterior, pulvinar-lateral, ventral lateral-anterior, ventral lateral-posterior, ventral posterolateral). Though we mapped all thalamic nuclei independently, functionally-related nuclei were matched for compartment-level bias. We validated these results with prior thalamostriate tract tracing studies in non-human primates and other species; where reliable data was available, all agreed with our measures of structural connectivity. Matrix-like connectivity was lateralized (left > right hemisphere) in 18 thalamic nuclei, independent of handedness, diffusion protocol, sex, or whether the nucleus was striosome-dominated or matrix-dominated. Compartment-specific biases in striato-pallido-thalamic structural connectivity suggest that routing CSTC loops through striosome-like or matrix-like voxels is a fundamental mechanism for organizing and regulating brain networks. Our MRI-based assessments of striato-thalamic connectivity in humans match and extend the results of prior tract tracing studies in animals. Compartment-level characterization may improve localization of human neuropathologies and improve neurosurgical targeting in the GPi and thalamus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian T. Funk
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Asim A. O. Hassan
- Department of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
| | - Norbert Brüggemann
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Nutan Sharma
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Hans C. Breiter
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
- Warren Wright Adolescent Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Anne J. Blood
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
- Mood and Motor Control Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Jeff L. Waugh
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, United States
- Mood and Motor Control Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
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8
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Kinno R, Muragaki Y, Maruyama T, Tamura M, Ono K, Tanaka K, Sakai KL. Diffuse glioma-induced structural reorganization in close association with preexisting syntax-related networks. Cortex 2023; 167:283-302. [PMID: 37586138 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2023.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Glioma in the left frontal cortex has been reported to cause agrammatic comprehension and induce global functional connectivity alterations within the syntax-related networks. However, it remains unclear to what extent the structural reorganization is affected by preexisting syntax-related networks. We examined 28 patients with a diffuse glioma in the left hemisphere and 23 healthy participants. Syntactic abilities were assessed by a picture-sentence matching task with various sentence types. The lesion responsible for agrammatic comprehension was identified by region-of-interest-based lesion-symptom mapping (RLSM). Cortical structural alterations were examined by surface-based morphometry (SBM), in which the cortical thickness and fractal dimension were measured with three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Fiber tracking on the human population-averaged diffusion MRI template was performed to examine whether the cortical structural alterations were associated with the syntax-related networks. The RLSM revealed associations between agrammatic comprehension and a glioma in the posterior limb of the left internal capsule. The SBM demonstrated that decreased cortical thickness and/or increased complexity of the right posterior insula were associated not only with agrammatic comprehension of the patients but also with the syntactic abilities of healthy participants. The fiber tracking revealed that the route between these two regions was anatomically integrated into the preexisting syntax-related networks previously identified. These results suggest a potential association between agrammatic comprehension in patients with diffuse glioma and structural variations in specific tracts and cortical regions, which may be closely related to the syntax-related networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuta Kinno
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Yoshihiro Muragaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Maruyama
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manabu Tamura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Ono
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kyohei Tanaka
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kuniyoshi L Sakai
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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9
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Dadario NB, Tanglay O, Stafford JF, Davis EJ, Young IM, Fonseka RD, Briggs RG, Yeung JT, Teo C, Sughrue ME. Topology of the lateral visual system: The fundus of the superior temporal sulcus and parietal area H connect nonvisual cerebrum to the lateral occipital lobe. Brain Behav 2023; 13:e2945. [PMID: 36912573 PMCID: PMC10097165 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Mapping the topology of the visual system is critical for understanding how complex cognitive processes like reading can occur. We aim to describe the connectivity of the visual system to understand how the cerebrum accesses visual information in the lateral occipital lobe. METHODS Using meta-analytic software focused on task-based functional MRI studies, an activation likelihood estimation (ALE) of the visual network was created. Regions of interest corresponding to the cortical parcellation scheme previously published under the Human Connectome Project were co-registered onto the ALE to identify the hub-like regions of the visual network. Diffusion Spectrum Imaging-based fiber tractography was performed to determine the structural connectivity of these regions with extraoccipital cortices. RESULTS The fundus of the superior temporal sulcus (FST) and parietal area H (PH) were identified as hub-like regions for the visual network. FST and PH demonstrated several areas of coactivation beyond the occipital lobe and visual network. Furthermore, these parcellations were highly interconnected with other cortical regions throughout extraoccipital cortices related to their nonvisual functional roles. A cortical model demonstrating connections to these hub-like areas was created. CONCLUSIONS FST and PH are two hub-like areas that demonstrate extensive functional coactivation and structural connections to nonvisual cerebrum. Their structural interconnectedness with language cortices along with the abnormal activation of areas commonly located in the temporo-occipital region in dyslexic individuals suggests possible important roles of FST and PH in the integration of information related to language and reading. Future studies should refine our model by examining the functional roles of these hub areas and their clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas B Dadario
- Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Onur Tanglay
- Omniscient Neurotechnology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jordan F Stafford
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | | | | | - R Dineth Fonseka
- Centre for Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery, Prince of Wales Private Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Robert G Briggs
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | | | - Charles Teo
- Cingulum Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael E Sughrue
- Omniscient Neurotechnology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Cingulum Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Centre for Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery, Prince of Wales Private Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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10
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Jiao Y, Zhang J, Yang X, Zhan T, Wu Z, Li Y, Zhao S, Li H, Weng J, Huo R, Wang J, Xu H, Sun Y, Wang S, Cao Y. Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Evaluation of the Spatial Relationship between Brain Arteriovenous Malformations and the Corticospinal Tract to Predict Postsurgical Motor Defects. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2023; 44:17-25. [PMID: 36549849 PMCID: PMC9835926 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Preoperative evaluation of brain AVMs is crucial for the selection of surgical candidates. Our goal was to use artificial intelligence to predict postsurgical motor defects in patients with brain AVMs involving motor-related areas. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty-three patients who underwent microsurgical resection of brain AVMs involving motor-related areas were retrospectively reviewed. Four artificial intelligence-based indicators were calculated with artificial intelligence on TOF-MRA and DTI, including FN5mm/50mm (the proportion of fiber numbers within 5-50mm from the lesion border), FN10mm/50mm (the same but within 10-50mm), FP5mm/50mm (the proportion of fiber voxel points within 5-50mm from the lesion border), and FP10mm/50mm (the same but within 10-50mm). The association between the variables and long-term postsurgical motor defects was analyzed using univariate and multivariate analyses. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression with the Pearson correlation coefficient was used to select the optimal features to develop the machine learning model to predict postsurgical motor defects. The area under the curve was calculated to evaluate the predictive performance. RESULTS In patients with and without postsurgical motor defects, the mean FN5mm/50mm, FN10mm/50mm, FP5mm/50mm, and FP10mm/50mm were 0.24 (SD, 0.24) and 0.03 (SD, 0.06), 0.37 (SD, 0.27) and 0.06 (SD, 0.08), 0.06 (SD, 0.10) and 0.01 (SD, 0.02), and 0.10 (SD, 0.12) and 0.02 (SD, 0.05), respectively. Univariate and multivariate logistic analyses identified FN10mm/50mm as an independent risk factor for long-term postsurgical motor defects (P = .002). FN10mm/50mm achieved a mean area under the curve of 0.86 (SD, 0.08). The mean area under the curve of the machine learning model consisting of FN10mm/50mm, diffuseness, and the Spetzler-Martin score was 0.88 (SD, 0.07). CONCLUSIONS The artificial intelligence-based indicator, FN10mm/50mm, can reflect the lesion-fiber spatial relationship and act as a dominant predictor for postsurgical motor defects in patients with brain AVMs involving motor-related areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Jiao
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (Y.J., J.Z., S.Z., H.L., J. Weng, R.H., J. Wang, H.X., Y.S., S.W., Y.C.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (Y.J., J.Z., X.Y., T.Z., Z.W., Y.L., S.Z., H.L., J. Weng, R.H., J. Wang, H.X., Y.S., S.W., Y.C.), Beijing, China
| | - J Zhang
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (Y.J., J.Z., S.Z., H.L., J. Weng, R.H., J. Wang, H.X., Y.S., S.W., Y.C.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (Y.J., J.Z., X.Y., T.Z., Z.W., Y.L., S.Z., H.L., J. Weng, R.H., J. Wang, H.X., Y.S., S.W., Y.C.), Beijing, China
| | - X Yang
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (Y.J., J.Z., X.Y., T.Z., Z.W., Y.L., S.Z., H.L., J. Weng, R.H., J. Wang, H.X., Y.S., S.W., Y.C.), Beijing, China
| | - T Zhan
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (Y.J., J.Z., X.Y., T.Z., Z.W., Y.L., S.Z., H.L., J. Weng, R.H., J. Wang, H.X., Y.S., S.W., Y.C.), Beijing, China
| | - Z Wu
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (Y.J., J.Z., X.Y., T.Z., Z.W., Y.L., S.Z., H.L., J. Weng, R.H., J. Wang, H.X., Y.S., S.W., Y.C.), Beijing, China
| | - Y Li
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (Y.J., J.Z., X.Y., T.Z., Z.W., Y.L., S.Z., H.L., J. Weng, R.H., J. Wang, H.X., Y.S., S.W., Y.C.), Beijing, China
| | - S Zhao
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (Y.J., J.Z., S.Z., H.L., J. Weng, R.H., J. Wang, H.X., Y.S., S.W., Y.C.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (Y.J., J.Z., X.Y., T.Z., Z.W., Y.L., S.Z., H.L., J. Weng, R.H., J. Wang, H.X., Y.S., S.W., Y.C.), Beijing, China
| | - H Li
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (Y.J., J.Z., S.Z., H.L., J. Weng, R.H., J. Wang, H.X., Y.S., S.W., Y.C.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (Y.J., J.Z., X.Y., T.Z., Z.W., Y.L., S.Z., H.L., J. Weng, R.H., J. Wang, H.X., Y.S., S.W., Y.C.), Beijing, China
| | - J Weng
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (Y.J., J.Z., S.Z., H.L., J. Weng, R.H., J. Wang, H.X., Y.S., S.W., Y.C.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (Y.J., J.Z., X.Y., T.Z., Z.W., Y.L., S.Z., H.L., J. Weng, R.H., J. Wang, H.X., Y.S., S.W., Y.C.), Beijing, China
| | - R Huo
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (Y.J., J.Z., S.Z., H.L., J. Weng, R.H., J. Wang, H.X., Y.S., S.W., Y.C.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (Y.J., J.Z., X.Y., T.Z., Z.W., Y.L., S.Z., H.L., J. Weng, R.H., J. Wang, H.X., Y.S., S.W., Y.C.), Beijing, China
| | - J Wang
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (Y.J., J.Z., S.Z., H.L., J. Weng, R.H., J. Wang, H.X., Y.S., S.W., Y.C.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (Y.J., J.Z., X.Y., T.Z., Z.W., Y.L., S.Z., H.L., J. Weng, R.H., J. Wang, H.X., Y.S., S.W., Y.C.), Beijing, China
| | - H Xu
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (Y.J., J.Z., S.Z., H.L., J. Weng, R.H., J. Wang, H.X., Y.S., S.W., Y.C.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (Y.J., J.Z., X.Y., T.Z., Z.W., Y.L., S.Z., H.L., J. Weng, R.H., J. Wang, H.X., Y.S., S.W., Y.C.), Beijing, China
| | - Y Sun
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (Y.J., J.Z., S.Z., H.L., J. Weng, R.H., J. Wang, H.X., Y.S., S.W., Y.C.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (Y.J., J.Z., X.Y., T.Z., Z.W., Y.L., S.Z., H.L., J. Weng, R.H., J. Wang, H.X., Y.S., S.W., Y.C.), Beijing, China
| | - S Wang
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (Y.J., J.Z., S.Z., H.L., J. Weng, R.H., J. Wang, H.X., Y.S., S.W., Y.C.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (Y.J., J.Z., X.Y., T.Z., Z.W., Y.L., S.Z., H.L., J. Weng, R.H., J. Wang, H.X., Y.S., S.W., Y.C.), Beijing, China
| | - Y Cao
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (Y.J., J.Z., S.Z., H.L., J. Weng, R.H., J. Wang, H.X., Y.S., S.W., Y.C.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (Y.J., J.Z., X.Y., T.Z., Z.W., Y.L., S.Z., H.L., J. Weng, R.H., J. Wang, H.X., Y.S., S.W., Y.C.), Beijing, China
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11
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Wu Y, Liu J, Yu G, Jv R, Wang Y, Zang P. Association fiber tracts related to Broca’s area: A comparative study based on diffusion spectrum imaging and fiber dissection. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:978912. [PMID: 36419463 PMCID: PMC9676966 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.978912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Broca’s area, made up of Brodmann areas (BA) 44 and 45 in the ventrolateral frontal region, is associated with language production and articulation. A comprehensive network analysis of Broca’s area is necessary for understanding language function, which is still lacking. In this study, we attempted to investigate the association fiber tracts related to Broca’s area using both diffusion spectrum imaging (DSI) and postmortem fiber dissection. DSI was performed on 10 healthy subjects and an atlas comprising the average data of 842 healthy subjects from the Human Connectome Project. Fiber dissection was implemented in 10 cerebral hemispheres of cadaver donors. The following five association fiber tracts related to Broca’s area were identified: first, the distinct fasciculus of the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF), from Broca’s area (BA44, BA45) and pars orbitalis (BA47) to the parietal and occipital lobes; second, the ventral superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF-III), from the supramarginal gyrus (BA40) to the ventral precentral gyrus (PreG, BA6) and posterior Broca’s area (BA44); third, the arcuate fascicle (AF), from the superior, middle, and inferior temporal gyrus (BA20, BA21, BA22) to Broca’s area (BA44, BA45) and ventral PreG; fourth, the frontal aslant tract (FAT), from Broca’s area (BA44, BA45) to the lateral superior frontal gyrus (SFG), medial SFG, and supplementary motor area (BA6, BA8, BA9); and fifth, the frontal longitudinal fasciculus (FLF), a novel intralobar frontal association fiber tract, from the anterior part of the middle frontal gyrus (MFG, BA46) and Broca’s area (BA45) to the caudal MFG (BA8), caudal SFG, and dorsal PreG (BA6). Moreover, compared with the left FAT, the right FAT covered almost the entire inferior frontal gyrus (BA44, BA45, BA47). The cross validation between DSI and fiber dissection revealed a good consistence in the association fiber tracts of Broca’s area. Combining DSI and fiber dissection, this study first identified five association fiber tracts related to Broca’s area and characterized their structure and anatomy comprehensively. The frameworks provided key elements for functional research in Broca’s area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupeng Wu
- Third Department of Neurosurgery, The People’s Hospital of China Medical University and the People’s Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Jihui Liu
- Third Department of Neurosurgery, The People’s Hospital of China Medical University and the People’s Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Guoning Yu
- The People’s Hospital of China Medical University and the People’s Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Ronghui Jv
- Department of Radiology, The People’s Hospital of China Medical University and the People’s Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Yibao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Peizhuo Zang
- Third Department of Neurosurgery, The People’s Hospital of China Medical University and the People’s Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Peizhuo Zang,
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12
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Braun EJ, Billot A, Meier EL, Pan Y, Parrish TB, Kurani AS, Kiran S. White matter microstructural integrity pre- and post-treatment in individuals with chronic post-stroke aphasia. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2022; 232:105163. [PMID: 35921727 PMCID: PMC9641951 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2022.105163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
While previous studies have found that white matter damage relates to impairment severity in individuals with aphasia, further study is required to understand the relationship between white matter integrity and treatment response. In this study, 34 individuals with chronic post-stroke aphasia underwent behavioral testing and structural magnetic resonance imaging at two timepoints. Thirty participants within this sample completed typicality-based semantic feature treatment for anomia. Tractography of bi-hemispheric white matter tracts was completed via Automated Fiber Quantification. Associations between microstructural integrity metrics and behavioral measures were evaluated at the tract level and in nodes along the tract. Diffusion measures of the left inferior longitudinal, superior longitudinal, and arcuate fasciculi were related to aphasia severity and diffusion measures of the left inferior longitudinal fasciculus were related to naming and treatment response. This study also found preliminary evidence of left inferior longitudinal fasciculus microstructural changes following treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Braun
- Aphasia Research Laboratory, Department of Speech, Language & Hearing Sciences, College of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, Sargent College, Boston University, 635 Commonwealth Avenue, Room 326, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Anne Billot
- Aphasia Research Laboratory, Department of Speech, Language & Hearing Sciences, College of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, Sargent College, Boston University, 635 Commonwealth Avenue, Room 326, Boston, MA 02115, USA; School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Erin L Meier
- Aphasia Research Laboratory, Department of Speech, Language & Hearing Sciences, College of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, Sargent College, Boston University, 635 Commonwealth Avenue, Room 326, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yue Pan
- Aphasia Research Laboratory, Department of Speech, Language & Hearing Sciences, College of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, Sargent College, Boston University, 635 Commonwealth Avenue, Room 326, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Todd B Parrish
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 737 N. Michigan Avenue, Suite 1600, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Ajay S Kurani
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 625 N. Michigan Avenue, Suite 1150, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Swathi Kiran
- Aphasia Research Laboratory, Department of Speech, Language & Hearing Sciences, College of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, Sargent College, Boston University, 635 Commonwealth Avenue, Room 326, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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13
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Safri AA, Nassir CMNCM, Iman IN, Mohd Taib NH, Achuthan A, Mustapha M. Diffusion tensor imaging pipeline measures of cerebral white matter integrity: An overview of recent advances and prospects. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:8450-8462. [PMID: 36157806 PMCID: PMC9453345 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i24.8450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is a leading cause of age-related microvascular cognitive decline, resulting in significant morbidity and decreased quality of life. Despite a progress on its key pathophysiological bases and general acceptance of key terms from neuroimaging findings as observed on the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), key questions on CSVD remain elusive. Enhanced relationships and reliable lesion studies, such as white matter tractography using diffusion-based MRI (dMRI) are necessary in order to improve the assessment of white matter architecture and connectivity in CSVD. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and tractography is an application of dMRI that provides data that can be used to non-invasively appraise the brain white matter connections via fiber tracking and enable visualization of individual patient-specific white matter fiber tracts to reflect the extent of CSVD-associated white matter damage. However, due to a lack of standardization on various sets of software or image pipeline processing utilized in this technique that driven mostly from research setting, interpreting the findings remain contentious, especially to inform an improved diagnosis and/or prognosis of CSVD for routine clinical use. In this minireview, we highlight the advances in DTI pipeline processing and the prospect of this DTI metrics as potential imaging biomarker for CSVD, even for subclinical CSVD in at-risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanina Ahmad Safri
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Che Mohd Nasril Che Mohd Nassir
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Ismail Nurul Iman
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nur Hartini Mohd Taib
- Department of Radiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Anusha Achuthan
- School of Computer Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Muzaimi Mustapha
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Department of Neurosciences, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
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14
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Wu D, Zhang M, Geng J, Chen X. Noninvasive Prediction of Language Lateralization Through Arcuate Fasciculus Tractography in Patients With Low-Grade Gliomas: Correlation With The Wada Test. Front Oncol 2022; 12:936228. [PMID: 35936675 PMCID: PMC9354698 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.936228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Language lateralization is unique to humans, so clarifying dominant side is helpful for removing gliomas involving language areas. This study investigated the arcuate fasciculus (AF) reconstructed by diffusion tensor imaging–based tractography (DTT) in predicting language lateralization in patients with low-grade gliomas. Wada test was performed to determine the language Dominant Hemisphere (DH) and the Contralateral Hemisphere. DTI data [1.5-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)] was used to reconstruct AF by two independent operators using a DTT method. Fiber number, volume, and fractional anisotropy (FA) of bilateral reconstructed AF were measured. Lateralization indexes (LIs), including Number Index (NI), Volume Index (VI), and FA Index (FI), were accordingly calculated by mean values. A total of 21 patients with WHO Grade II gliomas in the left hemisphere were included. Every patient received a successful Wada test and reconstruction of bilateral AF. DTT metrics of reconstructed AF, such as fiber number, volume, and FA, showed significantly asymmetric between hemispheres. All the LI (NI, VI, and FI) values were statistically higher in the DH determined by the Wada test. No discrepancy was found between the prediction using the cutoff values of DTT metrics and the results of WADA test. The Kappa values were 0.829, 0.696, and 0.611, indicating NI and VI as more reliable predictor than FI although FI itself may also be feasible. Compared with the Wada test, we consider that DTT of AF is a non-invasive, simple, relatively accurate, and feasible method in predicting language lateralization in patients with low-grade gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Southern Theater of Chinese Navy, Sanya, China
| | - Jiefeng Geng
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaolei Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaolei Chen,
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Taoudi-Benchekroun Y, Christiaens D, Grigorescu I, Gale-Grant O, Schuh A, Pietsch M, Chew A, Harper N, Falconer S, Poppe T, Hughes E, Hutter J, Price AN, Tournier JD, Cordero-Grande L, Counsell SJ, Rueckert D, Arichi T, Hajnal JV, Edwards AD, Deprez M, Batalle D. Predicting age and clinical risk from the neonatal connectome. Neuroimage 2022; 257:119319. [PMID: 35589001 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of perinatal brain connectivity underpins motor, cognitive and behavioural abilities in later life. Diffusion MRI allows the characterisation of subtle inter-individual differences in structural brain connectivity. Individual brain connectivity maps (connectomes) are by nature high in dimensionality and complex to interpret. Machine learning methods are a powerful tool to uncover properties of the connectome which are not readily visible and can give us clues as to how and why individual developmental trajectories differ. In this manuscript we used Deep Neural Networks and Random Forests to predict demographic and neurodevelopmental characteristics from neonatal structural connectomes in a large sample of babies (n = 524) from the developing Human Connectome Project. We achieved an accurate prediction of post menstrual age (PMA) at scan in term-born infants (mean absolute error (MAE) = 0.72 weeks, r = 0.83 and p<0.001). We also achieved good accuracy when predicting gestational age at birth in a cohort of term and preterm babies scanned at term equivalent age (MAE = 2.21 weeks, r = 0.82, p<0.001). We subsequently used sensitivity analysis to obtain feature relevance from our prediction models, with the most important connections for prediction of PMA and GA found to predominantly involve frontal and temporal regions, thalami, and basal ganglia. From our models of PMA at scan for infants born at term, we computed a brain maturation index (predicted age minus actual age) of individual preterm neonates and found a significant correlation between this index and motor outcome at 18 months corrected age. Our results demonstrate the applicability of machine learning techniques in analyses of the neonatal connectome and suggest that a neural substrate of brain maturation with implications for future neurodevelopment is detectable at term equivalent age from the neonatal connectome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassine Taoudi-Benchekroun
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daan Christiaens
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Electrical Engineering, ESAT/PSI, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Irina Grigorescu
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver Gale-Grant
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Science, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Schuh
- Biomedical Image Analysis Group, Department of Computing, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maximilian Pietsch
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Chew
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Harper
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shona Falconer
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tanya Poppe
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emer Hughes
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jana Hutter
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony N Price
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - J-Donald Tournier
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lucilio Cordero-Grande
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Biomedical Image Technologies, ETSI Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid & CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Serena J Counsell
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Rueckert
- Biomedical Image Analysis Group, Department of Computing, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Informatics in Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tomoki Arichi
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Children's Neurosciences, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph V Hajnal
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - A David Edwards
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Deprez
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dafnis Batalle
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Science, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
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16
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Diffusion tractography of superior cerebellar peduncle and dentatorubrothalamic tracts in two autopsy confirmed progressive supranuclear palsy variants: Richardson syndrome and the speech-language variant. Neuroimage Clin 2022; 35:103030. [PMID: 35597031 PMCID: PMC9123268 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Different changes in DTI metrics in SCP and DRTT can be seen across PSP subtypes. DRTT tractography reconstructions demonstrated specific changes in PSP-RS. DTI and clinical PSP scores are specifically linked across each PSP variant.
Background Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a 4-repeat tauopathy with neurodegeneration typically observed in the superior cerebellar peduncle (SCP) and dentatorubrothalamic tracts (DRTT). However, it is unclear how these tracts are differentially affected in different clinical variants of PSP. Objectives To determine whether diffusion tractography of the SCP and DRTT can differentiate autopsy-confirmed PSP with Richardson’s syndrome (PSP-RS) and PSP with predominant speech/language disorder (PSP-SL). Methods We studied 22 autopsy-confirmed PSP patients that included 12 with PSP-RS and 10 with PSP-SL. We compared these two groups to 11 patients with autopsy-confirmed Alzheimer’s disease with SL problems, i.e., logopenic progressive aphasia (AD-LPA) (disease controls) and 10 healthy controls. Whole brain tractography was performed to identify the SCP and DRTT, as well as the frontal aslant tract and superior longitudinal fasciculus. We assessed fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity for each tract. Hierarchical linear modeling was used for statistical comparisons, and correlations were assessed with clinical disease severity, ocular motor impairment, and parkinsonism. DRTT connectomics matrix analysis was also performed across groups. Results The SCP showed decreased fractional anisotropy for PSP-RS and PSP-SL and increased mean diffusivity in PSP-RS, compared to controls and AD-LPA. Right DRTT fibers showed lower fractional anisotropy in PSP-RS and PSP-SL compared to controls and AD-LPA, with PSP-RS also showing lower values compared to PSP-SL. Reductions in connectivity were observed in infratentorial DRTT regions in PSP-RS vs cortical regions in PSP-SL. PSP-SL showed greater abnormalities in the frontal aslant tract and superior longitudinal fasciculus compared to controls, PSP-RS, and AD-LPA. Significant correlations were observed between ocular motor impairment and SCP in PSP-RS (p = 0.042), and DRTT in PSP-SL (p = 0.022). In PSP-SL, the PSP Rating Scale correlated with the SCP (p = 0.045) and DRTT (p = 0.008), and the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale correlated with the DRTT (p = 0.014). Conclusions Degeneration of the SCP and DRTT are diagnostic features of both PSP-RS and PSP-SL and associations with clinical metrics validate the role of these tracts in PSP-related clinical features, particularly in PSP-SL.
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Shiohama T, Tsujimura K. Quantitative Structural Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Analyses: Methodological Overview and Application to Rett Syndrome. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:835964. [PMID: 35450016 PMCID: PMC9016334 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.835964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital genetic disorders often present with neurological manifestations such as neurodevelopmental disorders, motor developmental retardation, epilepsy, and involuntary movement. Through qualitative morphometric evaluation of neuroimaging studies, remarkable structural abnormalities, such as lissencephaly, polymicrogyria, white matter lesions, and cortical tubers, have been identified in these disorders, while no structural abnormalities were identified in clinical settings in a large population. Recent advances in data analysis programs have led to significant progress in the quantitative analysis of anatomical structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion-weighted MRI tractography, and these approaches have been used to investigate psychological and congenital genetic disorders. Evaluation of morphometric brain characteristics may contribute to the identification of neuroimaging biomarkers for early diagnosis and response evaluation in patients with congenital genetic diseases. This mini-review focuses on the methodologies and attempts employed to study Rett syndrome using quantitative structural brain MRI analyses, including voxel- and surface-based morphometry and diffusion-weighted MRI tractography. The mini-review aims to deepen our understanding of how neuroimaging studies are used to examine congenital genetic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Shiohama
- Department of Pediatrics, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
- *Correspondence: Tadashi Shiohama,
| | - Keita Tsujimura
- Group of Brain Function and Development, Nagoya University Neuroscience Institute of the Graduate School of Science, Nagoya, Japan
- Research Unit for Developmental Disorders, Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
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18
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Coluzzi D, Pirastru A, Pelizzari L, Cabinio M, Laganà MM, Baselli G, Baglio F. Development and Testing of SPIDER-NET: An Interactive Tool for Brain Connectogram Visualization, Sub-Network Exploration and Graph Metrics Quantification. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:818385. [PMID: 35368253 PMCID: PMC8968144 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.818385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain connectomics consists in the modeling of human brain as networks, mathematically represented as numerical connectivity matrices. However, this representation may result in difficult interpretation of the data. To overcome this limitation, graphical representation by connectograms is currently used via open-source tools, which, however, lack user-friendly interfaces and options to explore specific sub-networks. In this context, we developed SPIDER-NET (Software Package Ideal for Deriving Enhanced Representations of brain NETworks), an easy-to-use, flexible, and interactive tool for connectograms generation and sub-network exploration. This study aims to present SPIDER-NET and to test its potential impact on pilot cases. As a working example, structural connectivity (SC) was investigated with SPIDER-NET in a group of 17 healthy controls (HCs) and in two subjects with stroke injury (Case 1 and Case 2, both with a focal lesion affecting part of the right frontal lobe, insular cortex and subcortical structures). 165 parcels were determined from individual structural magnetic resonance imaging data by using the Destrieux atlas, and defined as nodes. SC matrices were derived with Diffusion Tensor Imaging tractography. SC matrices of HCs were averaged to obtain a single group matrix. SC matrices were then used as input for SPIDER-NET. First, SPIDER-NET was used to derive the connectogram of the right hemisphere of Case 1 and Case 2. Then, a sub-network of interest (i.e., including gray matter regions affected by the stroke lesions) was interactively selected and the associated connectograms were derived for Case 1, Case 2 and HCs. Finally, graph-based metrics were derived for whole-brain SC matrices of Case 1, Case 2 and HCs. The software resulted effective in representing the expected (dis) connectivity pattern in the hemisphere affected by the stroke lesion in Cases 1 and 2. Furthermore, SPIDER-NET allowed to test an a priori hypothesis by interactively extracting a sub-network of interest: Case 1 showed a sub-network connectivity pattern different from Case 2, reflecting the different clinical severity. Global and local graph-based metrics derived with SPIDER-NET were different between cases with stroke injury and HCs. The tool proved to be accessible, intuitive, and interactive in brain connectivity investigation and provided both qualitative and quantitative evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Coluzzi
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Davide Coluzzi,
| | - Alice Pirastru
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi Onlus, Milan, Italy
- Alice Pirastru,
| | | | - Monia Cabinio
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi Onlus, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Baselli
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
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19
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Berry SC, Lawrence AD, Lancaster TM, Casella C, Aggleton JP, Postans M. Subiculum - BNST Structural Connectivity in Humans and Macaques. Neuroimage 2022; 253:119096. [PMID: 35304264 PMCID: PMC9227740 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive tract-tracing studies in rodents implicate a direct connection between the subiculum and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) as a key component of neural pathways mediating hippocampal regulation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis. A clear characterisation of the connections linking the subiculum and BNST in humans and non-human primates is lacking. To address this, we first delineated the projections from the subiculum to the BNST using anterograde tracers injected into macaque monkeys, revealing evidence for a monosynaptic subiculum-BNST projection involving the fornix. Second, we used in vivo diffusion MRI tractography in macaques and humans to demonstrate substantial subiculum complex connectivity to the BNST in both species. This connection was primarily carried by the fornix, with additional connectivity via the amygdala, consistent with rodent anatomy. Third, utilising the twin-based nature of our human sample, we found that microstructural properties of these tracts were moderately heritable (h2 ∼ 0.5). In a final analysis, we found no evidence of any significant association between subiculum complex-BNST tract microstructure and indices of perceived stress/dispositional negativity and alcohol use, derived from principal component analysis decomposition of self-report data. Our findings address a key translational gap in our knowledge of the neurocircuitry regulating stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel C Berry
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
| | - Andrew D Lawrence
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Chiara Casella
- Department of Perinatal Imaging and Health, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - John P Aggleton
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Mark Postans
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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20
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Hyperdirect connectivity of opercular speech network to the subthalamic nucleus. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110477. [PMID: 35263607 PMCID: PMC8971827 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
How the basal ganglia participate in the uniquely human behavior of speech is poorly understood, despite their known role in modulating critical aspects of cognitive and motor behavior. The subthalamic nucleus (STN) is well positioned to facilitate basal ganglia functions critical for speech. Using electrocorticography in patients undergoing awake deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery, evidence is reported for a left opercular hyperdirect pathway in humans via stimulating the STN and examining antidromic-evoked activity in the left temporal, parietal, and frontal opercular cortex. These high-resolution cortical and subcortical mapping data provide evidence for hyperdirect connectivity between the inferior frontal gyrus and the STN. In addition, evoked potential data are consistent with the presence of monosynaptic projections from areas of the opercular ections may be unique to humans, evolving alongside the ability for speech. Using electrical stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus and simultaneous cortical recordings in individuals undergoing deep brain stimulation, Jorge et al. provide electrophysiological evidence for a hyperdirect pathway to the basal ganglia from cortical areas that control sensory and motor-planning aspects of speech.
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21
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Kang L, Wan C. Application of advanced magnetic resonance imaging in glaucoma: a narrative review. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2022; 12:2106-2128. [PMID: 35284278 PMCID: PMC8899967 DOI: 10.21037/qims-21-790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases characterized by progressive degeneration of the optic nerve head and retinal ganglion cells and corresponding visual field defects. In recent years, mounting evidence has shown that glaucoma-related damage may not be limited to the degeneration of retinal ganglion cells or the optic nerve head. The entire structure of the visual pathway may be degraded, and the degradation may even extend to some non-visual brain regions. We know that advanced morphological, functional, and metabolic magnetic resonance technologies provide a means to observe quantitatively and in real time the state of brain function. Advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques provide additional diagnostic markers for glaucoma, which are related to known potential histopathological changes. Many researchers in China and globally have conducted clinical and imaging studies on glaucoma. However, they are scattered, and we still need to systematically sort out the advanced MRI related to glaucoma. We reviewed literature published in any language and included all studies that were able to be translated into English from 1 January 1980 to 31 July 2021. Our literature search focused on emerging magnetic resonance neuroimaging techniques for the study of glaucoma. We then identified each functional area of the brain of glaucoma patients through the integration of anatomy, image, and function. The aim was to provide more information about the occurrence and development of glaucoma diseases. From the perspective of neuroimaging, our study provides a research basis to explain the possible mechanism of the occurrence and development of glaucoma. This knowledge gained from these techniques enables us to more clearly observe the damage glaucoma causes to the whole visual pathway. Our study provides new insights into glaucoma-induced changes to the brain. Our findings may enable the progress of these changes to be analyzed and inspire new neuroprotective therapeutic strategies for patients with glaucoma in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longdan Kang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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22
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Sander K, Barbeau EB, Chai X, Kousaie S, Petrides M, Baum S, Klein D. Frontoparietal Anatomical Connectivity Predicts Second Language Learning Success. Cereb Cortex 2021; 32:2602-2610. [PMID: 34607363 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There is considerable individual variability in second language (L2) learning abilities in adulthood. The inferior parietal lobule, important in L2 learning success, is anatomically connected to language areas in the frontal lobe via the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF). The second and third branches of the SLF (SLF II and III) have not been examined separately in the context of language, yet they are known to have dissociable frontoparietal connections. Studying these pathways and their functional contributions to L2 learning is thus of great interest. Using diffusion MRI tractography, we investigated individuals undergoing language training to explore brain structural predictors of L2 learning success. We dissected SLF II and III using gold-standard anatomical definitions and related prelearning white matter integrity to language improvements corresponding with hypothesized tract functions. SLF II properties predicted improvement in lexical retrieval, while SLF III properties predicted improvement in articulation rate. Finer grained separation of these pathways enables better understanding of their distinct roles in language, which is essential for studying how anatomical connectivity relates to L2 learning abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaija Sander
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.,Centre for Research on Brain, Language, and Music (CRBLM), Montreal, QC H3G 2A8, Canada
| | - Elise B Barbeau
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.,Centre for Research on Brain, Language, and Music (CRBLM), Montreal, QC H3G 2A8, Canada
| | - Xiaoqian Chai
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.,Centre for Research on Brain, Language, and Music (CRBLM), Montreal, QC H3G 2A8, Canada
| | - Shanna Kousaie
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.,School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Michael Petrides
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.,Centre for Research on Brain, Language, and Music (CRBLM), Montreal, QC H3G 2A8, Canada.,Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1G1, Canada
| | - Shari Baum
- Centre for Research on Brain, Language, and Music (CRBLM), Montreal, QC H3G 2A8, Canada.,School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1G1, Canada
| | - Denise Klein
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.,Centre for Research on Brain, Language, and Music (CRBLM), Montreal, QC H3G 2A8, Canada
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23
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Coenen VA, Sajonz BE, Reinacher PC, Kaller CP, Urbach H, Reisert M. A detailed analysis of anatomical plausibility of crossed and uncrossed streamline rendition of the dentato-rubro-thalamic tract (DRT(T)) in a commercial stereotactic planning system. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2021; 163:2809-2824. [PMID: 34181083 PMCID: PMC8437929 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-021-04890-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background An increasing number of neurosurgeons use display of the dentato-rubro-thalamic tract (DRT) based on diffusion weighted imaging (dMRI) as basis for their routine planning of stimulation or lesioning approaches in stereotactic tremor surgery. An evaluation of the anatomical validity of the display of the DRT with respect to modern stereotactic planning systems and across different tracking environments has not been performed. Methods Distinct dMRI and anatomical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data of high and low quality from 9 subjects were used. Six subjects had repeated MRI scans and therefore entered the analysis twice. Standardized DICOM structure templates for volume of interest definition were applied in native space for all investigations. For tracking BrainLab Elements (BrainLab, Munich, Germany), two tensor deterministic tracking (FT2), MRtrix IFOD2 (https://www.mrtrix.org), and a global tracking (GT) approach were used to compare the display of the uncrossed (DRTu) and crossed (DRTx) fiber structure after transformation into MNI space. The resulting streamlines were investigated for congruence, reproducibility, anatomical validity, and penetration of anatomical way point structures. Results In general, the DRTu can be depicted with good quality (as judged by waypoints). FT2 (surgical) and GT (neuroscientific) show high congruence. While GT shows partly reproducible results for DRTx, the crossed pathway cannot be reliably reconstructed with the other (iFOD2 and FT2) algorithms. Conclusion Since a direct anatomical comparison is difficult in the individual subjects, we chose a comparison with two research tracking environments as the best possible “ground truth.” FT2 is useful especially because of its manual editing possibilities of cutting erroneous fibers on the single subject level. An uncertainty of 2 mm as mean displacement of DRTu is expectable and should be respected when using this approach for surgical planning. Tractographic renditions of the DRTx on the single subject level seem to be still illusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker A Coenen
- Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, Medical Center of Freiburg University, Breisacher Strasse 64, 79106, Freiburg i.Br, Germany.
- Medical Faculty of Freiburg University, Freiburg, Germany.
- Center for Deep Brain Stimulation, Medical Center of Freiburg University, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Bastian E Sajonz
- Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, Medical Center of Freiburg University, Breisacher Strasse 64, 79106, Freiburg i.Br, Germany
- Medical Faculty of Freiburg University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter C Reinacher
- Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, Medical Center of Freiburg University, Breisacher Strasse 64, 79106, Freiburg i.Br, Germany
- Medical Faculty of Freiburg University, Freiburg, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christoph P Kaller
- Medical Faculty of Freiburg University, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Neuroradiology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Horst Urbach
- Medical Faculty of Freiburg University, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Neuroradiology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - M Reisert
- Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, Medical Center of Freiburg University, Breisacher Strasse 64, 79106, Freiburg i.Br, Germany
- Medical Faculty of Freiburg University, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Radiology - Medical Physics, Freiburg University, Freiburg, Germany
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24
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Coenen VA, Reisert M. DTI for brain targeting: Diffusion weighted imaging fiber tractography-Assisted deep brain stimulation. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2021; 159:47-67. [PMID: 34446250 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2021.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Fiber tractography assisted Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) has been performed by different groups for more than 10 years to now. Groups around the world have adapted initial approaches to currently embrace the fiber tractography technology mainly for treating tremor (DBS and lesions), psychiatric indications (OCD and major depression) and pain (DBS). Despite the advantages of directly visualizing the target structure, the technology is demanding and is vulnerable to inaccuracies especially since it is performed on individual level. In this contribution, we will focus on tremor and psychiatric indications, and will show future applications of sophisticated tractography applications for subthalamic nucleus (STN) DBS surgery and stimulation steering as an example.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker A Coenen
- Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, Medical Center of Freiburg University, Freiburg, Germany; Medical Faculty of Freiburg University, Freiburg, Germany; Center for Deep Brain Stimulation, Medical Center of Freiburg University, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Marco Reisert
- Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, Medical Center of Freiburg University, Freiburg, Germany; Medical Faculty of Freiburg University, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Radiology-Medical Physics, Freiburg University, Freiburg, Germany
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25
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Mato D, Velasquez C, Gómez E, Marco de Lucas E, Martino J. Predicting the Extent of Resection in Low-Grade Glioma by Using Intratumoral Tractography to Detect Eloquent Fascicles Within the Tumor. Neurosurgery 2021; 88:E190-E202. [PMID: 33313812 DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyaa463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An early maximal safe surgical resection is the current treatment paradigm for low-grade glioma (LGG). Nevertheless, there are no reliable methods to accurately predict the axonal intratumoral eloquent areas and, consequently, to predict the extent of resection. OBJECTIVE To describe the functional predictive value of eloquent white matter tracts within the tumor by using a pre- and postoperative intratumoral diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) tractography protocol in patients with LGG. METHODS A preoperative intratumoral DTI-based tractography protocol, using the tumor segmented volume as the only seed region, was used to assess the tracts within the tumor boundaries in 22 consecutive patients with LGG. The reconstructed tracts were correlated with intraoperative electrical stimulation (IES)-based language and motor subcortical mapping findings and the extent of resection was assessed by tumor volumetrics. RESULTS Identification of intratumoral language and motor tracts significantly predicted eloquent areas within the tumor during the IES mapping: the positive predictive value for the pyramidal tract, the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, the arcuate fasciculus and the inferior longitudinal fasciculus positive was 100%, 100%, 33%, and 80%, respectively, whereas negative predictive value was 100% for all of them. The reconstruction of at least one of these tracts within the tumor was significantly associated with a lower extent of resection (67%) as opposed to the extent of resection in the cases with a negative intratumoral tractography (100%) (P < .0001). CONCLUSION Intratumoral DTI-based tractography is a simple and reliable method, useful in assessing glioma resectability based on the analysis of intratumoral eloquent areas associated with motor and language tracts within the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Mato
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla and Fundación Instituto de Investigación Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Carlos Velasquez
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla and Fundación Instituto de Investigación Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Elsa Gómez
- Deparment of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla and Fundación Instituto de Investigación Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Enrique Marco de Lucas
- Deparment of Radiology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla and Fundación Instituto de Investigación Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Juan Martino
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla and Fundación Instituto de Investigación Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
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26
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Ius T, Somma T, Baiano C, Guarracino I, Pauletto G, Nilo A, Maieron M, Palese F, Skrap M, Tomasino B. Risk Assessment by Pre-surgical Tractography in Left Hemisphere Low-Grade Gliomas. Front Neurol 2021; 12:648432. [PMID: 33679596 PMCID: PMC7928377 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.648432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Tracking the white matter principal tracts is routinely typically included during the pre-surgery planning examinations and has revealed to limit functional resection of low-grade gliomas (LGGs) in eloquent areas. Objective: We examined the integrity of the Superior Longitudinal Fasciculus (SLF) and Inferior Fronto-Occipital Fasciculus (IFOF), both known to be part of the language-related network in patients with LGGs involving the temporo-insular cortex. In a comparative approach, we contrasted the main quantitative fiber tracking values in the tumoral (T) and healthy (H) hemispheres to test whether or not this ratio could discriminate amongst patients with different post-operative outcomes. Methods: Twenty-six patients with LGGs were included. We obtained quantitative fiber tracking values in the tumoral and healthy hemispheres and calculated the ratio (HIFOF–TIFOF)/HIFOF and the ratio (HSLF–TSLF)/HSLF on the number of streamlines. We analyzed how these values varied between patients with and without post-operative neurological outcomes and between patients with different post-operative Engel classes. Results: The ratio for both IFOF and SLF significantly differed between patient with and without post-operative neurological language deficits. No associations were found between white matter structural changes and post-operative seizure outcomes. Conclusions: Calculating the ratio on the number of streamlines and fractional anisotropy between the tumoral and the healthy hemispheres resulted to be a useful approach, which can prove to be useful during the pre-operative planning examination, as it gives a glimpse on the potential clinical outcomes in patients with LGGs involving the left temporo-insular cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Ius
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital, Udine, Italy
| | - Teresa Somma
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Cinzia Baiano
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Ilaria Guarracino
- Scientific Institute, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) E. Medea, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Giada Pauletto
- Neurology Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital, Udine, Italy
| | - Annacarmen Nilo
- Clinical Neurology Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital, Udine, Italy
| | - Marta Maieron
- Medical Physics, Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital, Udine, Italy
| | | | - Miran Skrap
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital, Udine, Italy
| | - Barbara Tomasino
- Scientific Institute, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) E. Medea, Pordenone, Italy
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Brain Reserve in a Case of Cognitive Resilience to Severe Leukoaraiosis. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2021; 27:99-108. [PMID: 32539895 PMCID: PMC7738360 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617720000569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Leukoaraiosis, or white matter rarefaction, is a common imaging finding in aging and is presumed to reflect vascular disease. When severe in presentation, potential congenital or acquired etiologies are investigated, prompting referral for neuropsychological evaluation in addition to neuroimaging. T2-weighted imaging is the most common magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) approach to identifying white matter disease. However, more advanced diffusion MRI techniques may provide additional insight into mechanisms that influence the abnormal T2 signal, especially when clinical presentations are discrepant with imaging findings. METHOD We present a case of a 74-year-old woman with severe leukoaraoisis. She was examined by a neurologist, neuropsychologist, and rheumatologist, and completed conventional (T1, T2-FLAIR) MRI, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and advanced single-shell, high b-value diffusion MRI (i.e., fiber ball imaging [FBI]). RESULTS The patient was found to have few neurological signs, no significant cognitive impairment, a negative workup for leukoencephalopathy, and a positive antibody for Sjogren's disease for which her degree of leukoaraiosis would be highly atypical. Tractography results indicate intact axonal architecture that was better resolved using FBI rather than DTI. CONCLUSIONS This case illustrates exceptional cognitive resilience in the face of severe leukoaraiosis and the potential for advanced diffusion MRI to identify brain reserve.
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Cargnelutti E, Maieron M, Ius T, Skrap M, Tomasino B. Relation Between Reading Performance and White-Matter Alteration and Reorganization in Neurosurgical Patients. Front Neurol 2020; 11:563259. [PMID: 33424737 PMCID: PMC7793733 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.563259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Reading abilities and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) parameters were retrospectively analyzed in a group of neurosurgical patients to investigate (Study 1) the role of white matter-in particular the arcuate fasciculus (AF)-in preserved vs. impaired reading; 4 months after surgery, we explored the plasticity processes (Study 2). Study 1 involved 40 patients with brain glioma (23 low-grade and 17 high-grade gliomas). We compared preoperative DTI parameters of language-related fascicles between patients who developed a reading impairment after surgery (n = 23) and patients with preserved reading (n = 17). Besides lower fractional anisotropy (FA), patients with impaired reading also displayed lower number and density of streamlines of a direct (i.e., directly connecting temporal and frontal lobes) AF segment. In Study 2, we longitudinally tested at follow-up-when reading performance had generally improved-13 patients diagnosed with low-grade glioma. The most relevant finding was a significant increase in length of streamlines of the direct AF segments in both hemispheres. From a neurosurgical perspective, our preliminary findings suggest the clinical importance of sparing direct AF segments for the involvement they showed in reading; however, the results also suggest the reorganization potential of these segments, possibly compensating of the right homologs as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Cargnelutti
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Dipartimento/Unità Operativa Pasian di Prato, Udine, Italy
| | - Marta Maieron
- Struttura Organizzativa Complessa (SOC) Fisica Sanitaria, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASU FC), Udine, Italy
| | - Tamara Ius
- Struttura Organizzativa Complessa (SOC) Neurochirurgia, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASU FC), Udine, Italy
| | - Miran Skrap
- Struttura Organizzativa Complessa (SOC) Neurochirurgia, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASU FC), Udine, Italy
| | - Barbara Tomasino
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Dipartimento/Unità Operativa Pasian di Prato, Udine, Italy
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Gatto RG, Weissmann C. Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Preclinical and Human Studies of Huntington's Disease: What Have we Learned so Far? Curr Med Imaging 2020; 15:521-542. [PMID: 32008561 DOI: 10.2174/1573405614666181115113400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Huntington's Disease is an irreversible neurodegenerative disease characterized by the progressive deterioration of specific brain nerve cells. The current evaluation of cellular and physiological events in patients with HD relies on the development of transgenic animal models. To explore such events in vivo, diffusion tensor imaging has been developed to examine the early macro and microstructural changes in brain tissue. However, the gap in diffusion tensor imaging findings between animal models and clinical studies and the lack of microstructural confirmation by histological methods has questioned the validity of this method. OBJECTIVE This review explores white and grey matter ultrastructural changes associated to diffusion tensor imaging, as well as similarities and differences between preclinical and clinical Huntington's Disease studies. METHODS A comprehensive review of the literature using online-resources was performed (Pub- Med search). RESULTS Similar changes in fractional anisotropy as well as axial, radial and mean diffusivities were observed in white matter tracts across clinical and animal studies. However, comparative diffusion alterations in different grey matter structures were inconsistent between clinical and animal studies. CONCLUSION Diffusion tensor imaging can be related to specific structural anomalies in specific cellular populations. However, some differences between animal and clinical studies could derive from the contrasting neuroanatomy or connectivity across species. Such differences should be considered before generalizing preclinical results into the clinical practice. Moreover, current limitations of this technique to accurately represent complex multicellular events at the single micro scale are real. Future work applying complex diffusion models should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Gabriel Gatto
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, United States
| | - Carina Weissmann
- Insituto de Fisiología Biologia Molecular y Neurociencias-IFIBYNE-CONICET, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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López-López N, Vázquez A, Houenou J, Poupon C, Mangin JF, Ladra S, Guevara P. From Coarse to Fine-Grained Parcellation of the Cortical Surface Using a Fiber-Bundle Atlas. Front Neuroinform 2020; 14:32. [PMID: 33071768 PMCID: PMC7533645 DOI: 10.3389/fninf.2020.00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article, we present a hybrid method to create fine-grained parcellations of the cortical surface, from a coarse-grained parcellation according to an anatomical atlas, based on cortico-cortical connectivity. The connectivity information is obtained from segmented superficial and deep white matter bundles, according to bundle atlases, instead of the whole tractography. Thus, a direct matching between the fiber bundles and the cortical regions is obtained, avoiding the problem of finding the correspondence of the cortical parcels among subjects. Generating parcels from segmented fiber bundles can provide a good representation of the human brain connectome since they are based on bundle atlases that contain the most reproducible short and long connections found on a population of subjects. The method first processes the tractography of each subject and extracts the bundles of the atlas, based on a segmentation algorithm. Next, the intersection between the fiber bundles and the cortical mesh is calculated, to define the initial and final intersection points of each fiber. A fiber filtering is then applied to eliminate misclassified fibers, based on the anatomical definition of each bundle and the labels of Desikan-Killiany anatomical parcellation. A parcellation algorithm is then performed to create a subdivision of the anatomical regions of the cortex, which is reproducible across subjects. This step resolves the overlapping of the fiber bundle extremities over the cortical mesh within each anatomical region. For the analysis, the density of the connections and the degree of overlapping, is considered and represented with a graph. One of our parcellations, an atlas composed of 160 parcels, achieves a reproducibility across subjects of ≈0.74, based on the average Dice's coefficient between subject's connectivity matrices, rather than ≈0.73 obtained for a macro anatomical parcellation of 150 parcels. Moreover, we compared two of our parcellations with state-of-the-art atlases, finding a degree of similarity with dMRI, functional, anatomical, and multi-modal atlases. The higher similarity was found for our parcellation composed of 185 sub-parcels with another parcellation based on dMRI data from the same database, but created with a different approach, leading to 130 parcels in common based on a Dice's coefficient ≥0.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narciso López-López
- Faculty of Engineering, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.,Universidade da Coruña, CITIC, Department of Computer Science and Information Technologies, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Andrea Vázquez
- Faculty of Engineering, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Josselin Houenou
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Baobab, Neurospin, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,INSERM U955 Unit, Mondor Institute for Biomedical Research, Team 15 "Translational Psychiatry", Paris, France.,Fondation Fondamental, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, School of Medicine, Mondor University Hospitals, DHU PePsy, Paris, France
| | - Cyril Poupon
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Baobab, Neurospin, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Susana Ladra
- Universidade da Coruña, CITIC, Department of Computer Science and Information Technologies, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Pamela Guevara
- Faculty of Engineering, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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Lavrador JP, Ghimire P, Brogna C, Furlanetti L, Patel S, Gullan R, Ashkan K, Bhangoo R, Vergani F. Pre- and Intraoperative Mapping for Tumors in the Primary Motor Cortex: Decision-Making Process in Surgical Resection. J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg 2020; 82:333-343. [PMID: 32438419 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1709729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lesions within the primary motor cortex (M1) and the corticospinal tract (CST) represent a significant surgical challenge with a delicate functional trade-off that should be integrated in the overall patient-centered treatment plan. METHODS Patients with lesions within the M1 and CST with preoperative cortical and subcortical mapping (navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation [nTMS] and tractography), intraoperative mapping, and intraoperative provisional histologic information (smear with and without 5-aminolevulinic acid [5-ALA]) were included. This independently acquired information was integrated in a decision-making process model to determine the intraoperative extent of resection. RESULTS A total of 10 patients (6 patients with metastatic precentral tumor; 1 patient with grade III and 2 patients with grade IV gliomas; 1 patient with precentral cavernoma) were included in the study. Most of the patients (60%) had a preoperative motor deficit. The nTMS documented M1 invasion in all cases, and in eight patients, the lesions were embedded within the CST. Overall, 70% of patients underwent gross total resection; 20% of patients underwent near-total resection of the lesions. In only one patient was no surgical resection possible after both preoperative and intraoperative mapping. Overall, 70% of patients remained stable postoperatively, and previous motor weakness improved in 20%. CONCLUSION The independently acquired anatomical (anatomical MRI) and functional (nTMS and tractography) tests in patients with CST lesions provide a useful guide for resection. The inclusion of histologic information (smear with or without 5-ALA) further allows the surgical team to balance the potential functional risks within the global treatment plan. Therefore, the patient is kept at the center of the informed decision-making process.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Pedro Lavrador
- Department of Neurosurgery, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Prajwal Ghimire
- Department of Neurosurgery, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Brogna
- Department of Neurosurgery, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Luciano Furlanetti
- Department of Neurosurgery, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sabina Patel
- Department of Neurosurgery, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Gullan
- Department of Neurosurgery, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Keyoumars Ashkan
- Department of Neurosurgery, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ranjeev Bhangoo
- Department of Neurosurgery, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Vergani
- Department of Neurosurgery, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
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Dissociating the white matter tracts connecting the temporo-parietal cortical region with frontal cortex using diffusion tractography. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8186. [PMID: 32424290 PMCID: PMC7235086 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64124-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Three major white matter pathways connect the posterior temporal region and the adjacent inferior parietal lobule with the lateral frontal cortex: the arcuate fasciculus (AF), and the second and third branches of the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF II and SLF III). These pathways are found also in nonhuman primate brains where they play specific roles in auditory and spatial processing. The precise origin, course, and termination of these pathways has been examined in invasive tract tracing studies in macaque monkeys. Here we use this prior knowledge to improve dissections of these pathways in vivo in the human brain using diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) tractography. In this study, the AF, originating from the posterior temporal cortex, has been successfully separated from the SLF II and SLF III tracts originating from the angular and supramarginal gyri of the inferior parietal lobule, respectively. The latter two pathways, i.e. SLF II and SLF III, have also been clearly separated from each other. Furthermore, we report for the first time in the human brain the dorsal branch of the AF that targets the posterior dorsolateral frontal region. These improved dissection protocols provide a solid basis for exploring the respective functional roles of these major fasciculi.
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Coenen VA, Sajonz B, Prokop T, Reisert M, Piroth T, Urbach H, Jenkner C, Reinacher PC. The dentato-rubro-thalamic tract as the potential common deep brain stimulation target for tremor of various origin: an observational case series. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2020; 162:1053-1066. [PMID: 31997069 PMCID: PMC7156360 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-020-04248-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Deep brain stimulation alleviates tremor of various origins. The dentato-rubro-thalamic tract (DRT) has been suspected as a common tremor-reducing structure. Statistical evidence has not been obtained. We here report the results of an uncontrolled case series of patients with refractory tremor who underwent deep brain stimulation under tractographic assistance. METHODS A total of 36 patients were enrolled (essential tremor (17), Parkinson's tremor (8), multiple sclerosis (7), dystonic head tremor (3), tardive dystonia (1)) and received 62 DBS electrodes (26 bilateral; 10 unilateral). Preoperatively, diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging sequences were acquired together with high-resolution anatomical T1W and T2W sequences. The DRT was individually tracked and used as a direct thalamic or subthalamic target. Intraoperative tremor reduction was graded on a 4-point scale (0 = no tremor reduction to 3 = full tremor control) and recorded together with the current amplitude, respectively. Stimulation point coordinates were recorded and compared to DRT. The relation of the current amplitude needed to reduce tremor was expressed as TiCR (tremor improvement per current ratio). RESULTS Stimulation points of 241 were available for analysis. A total of 68 trajectories were tested (62 dB leads, 1.1 trajectories tested per implanted lead). Tremor improvement was significantly decreasing (p < 0.01) if the distance to both the border and the center of the DRT was increasing. On the initial trajectory, 56 leads (90.3%) were finally placed. Long-term outcomes were not part of this analysis. DISCUSSION Tremor of various origins was acutely alleviated at different points along the DRT fiber tract (above and below the MCP plane) despite different tremor diseases. DRT is potentially a common tremor-reducing structure. Individual targeting helps to reduce brain penetrating tracts. TiCR characterizes stimulation efficacy and might help to identify an optimal stimulation point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Arnd Coenen
- Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, Freiburg University Medical Center, Freiburg (i.Br.), Germany.
- Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg University, Freiburg (i.Br.), Germany.
- Brain Links/Brain Tools Cluster of Excellence, Freiburg University, Freiburg (i.Br.), Germany.
- NeuroModul Basics (Center for Basics in NeuroModulation), Freiburg University, Freiburg (i.Br.), Germany.
| | - Bastian Sajonz
- Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, Freiburg University Medical Center, Freiburg (i.Br.), Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg University, Freiburg (i.Br.), Germany
| | - Thomas Prokop
- Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, Freiburg University Medical Center, Freiburg (i.Br.), Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg University, Freiburg (i.Br.), Germany
| | - Marco Reisert
- Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, Freiburg University Medical Center, Freiburg (i.Br.), Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg University, Freiburg (i.Br.), Germany
| | - Tobias Piroth
- Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg University, Freiburg (i.Br.), Germany
- Brain Links/Brain Tools Cluster of Excellence, Freiburg University, Freiburg (i.Br.), Germany
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Freiburg (i.Br.), Germany
| | - Horst Urbach
- Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg University, Freiburg (i.Br.), Germany
- Department of Neuroradiology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Freiburg (i.Br.), Germany
| | - Carolin Jenkner
- Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg University, Freiburg (i.Br.), Germany
- Clinical Trials Unit, Freiburg University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter Christoph Reinacher
- Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, Freiburg University Medical Center, Freiburg (i.Br.), Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg University, Freiburg (i.Br.), Germany
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Coenen VA, Schlaepfer TE, Reinacher PC, Mast H, Urbach H, Reisert M. Machine learning-aided personalized DTI tractographic planning for deep brain stimulation of the superolateral medial forebrain bundle using HAMLET. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2019; 161:1559-1569. [PMID: 31144167 PMCID: PMC6616222 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-019-03947-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing interest exists for superolateral medial forebrain bundle (slMFB) deep brain stimulation (DBS) in psychiatric disorders. The surgical approach warrants tractographic rendition. Commercial stereotactic planning systems use deterministic tractography which suffers from inherent limitations, is dependent on manual interaction (ROI definition), and has to be regarded as subjective. We aimed to develop an objective but patient-specific tracking of the slMFB which at the same time allows the use of a commercial surgical planning system in the context of deep brain stimulation. METHODS The HAMLET (Hierarchical Harmonic Filters for Learning Tracts from Diffusion MRI) machine learning approach was introduced into the standardized workflow of slMFB DBS tractographic planning on the basis of patient-specific dMRI. Rendition of the slMFB with HAMLET serves as an objective comparison for the refinement of the deterministic tracking procedure. Our application focuses on the tractographic planning of DBS (N = 8) for major depression and OCD. RESULTS Previous results have shown that only fibers belonging to the ventral tegmental area to prefrontal/orbitofrontal axis should be targeted. With the proposed technique, the deterministic tracking approach, that serves as the surgical planning data, can be refined, over-sprouting fibers are eliminated, bundle thickness is reduced in the target region, and thereby probably a more accurate targeting is facilitated. The HAMLET-driven method is meant to achieve a more objective surgical fiber display of the slMFB with deterministic tractography. CONCLUSIONS The approach allows overlying the results of patient-specific planning from two different approaches (manual deterministic and machine learning HAMLET). HAMLET shows the slMFB as a volume and thus serves as an objective tracking corridor. It helps to refine results from deterministic tracking in the surgical workspace without interfering with any part of the standard software solution. We have now included this workflow in our daily clinical experimental work on slMFB DBS for psychiatric indications.
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Broad RJ, Gabel MC, Dowell NG, Schwartzman DJ, Seth AK, Zhang H, Alexander DC, Cercignani M, Leigh PN. Neurite orientation and dispersion density imaging (NODDI) detects cortical and corticospinal tract degeneration in ALS. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2019; 90:404-411. [PMID: 30361295 PMCID: PMC6581155 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2018-318830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Corticospinal tract (CST) degeneration and cortical atrophy are consistent features of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We hypothesised that neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI), a multicompartment model of diffusion MRI, would reveal microstructural changes associated with ALS within the CST and precentral gyrus (PCG) 'in vivo'. METHODS 23 participants with sporadic ALS and 23 healthy controls underwent diffusion MRI. Neurite density index (NDI), orientation dispersion index (ODI) and free water fraction (isotropic compartment (ISO)) were derived. Whole brain voxel-wise analysis was performed to assess for group differences. Standard diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) parameters were computed for comparison. Subgroup analysis was performed to investigate for NODDI parameter differences relating to bulbar involvement. Correlation of NODDI parameters with clinical variables were also explored. The results were accepted as significant where p<0.05 after family-wise error correction at the cluster level, clusters formed with p<0.001. RESULTS In the ALS group NDI was reduced in the extensive regions of the CST, the corpus callosum and the right PCG. ODI was reduced in the right anterior internal capsule and the right PCG. Significant differences in NDI were detected between subgroups stratified according to the presence or absence of bulbar involvement. ODI and ISO correlated with disease duration. CONCLUSIONS NODDI demonstrates that axonal loss within the CST is a core feature of degeneration in ALS. This is the main factor contributing to the altered diffusivity profile detected using DTI. NODDI also identified dendritic alterations within the PCG, suggesting microstructural cortical dendritic changes occur together with CST axonal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Broad
- Department of Neuroscience, Trafford Centre for Biomedical Research, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK .,Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Princess Royal Hospital, Haywards Heath, UK
| | - Matt C Gabel
- Department of Neuroscience, Trafford Centre for Biomedical Research, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
| | - Nicholas G Dowell
- Department of Neuroscience, Trafford Centre for Biomedical Research, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
| | | | - Anil K Seth
- Sackler Centre Consciousness Science, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Hui Zhang
- Centre for Medical Image Computing and Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Daniel C Alexander
- Centre for Medical Image Computing and Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mara Cercignani
- Department of Neuroscience, Trafford Centre for Biomedical Research, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK.,Neuroimaging Laboratory, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - P Nigel Leigh
- Department of Neuroscience, Trafford Centre for Biomedical Research, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK.,Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Princess Royal Hospital, Haywards Heath, UK
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Gatto RG, Amin MY, Deyoung D, Hey M, Mareci TH, Magin RL. Ultra-High Field Diffusion MRI Reveals Early Axonal Pathology in Spinal Cord of ALS mice. Transl Neurodegener 2018; 7:20. [PMID: 30128146 PMCID: PMC6097419 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-018-0122-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a disease characterized by a progressive degeneration of motor neurons leading to paralysis. Our previous MRI diffusion tensor imaging studies detected early white matter changes in the spinal cords of mice carrying the G93A-SOD1 mutation. Here, we extend those studies using ultra-high field MRI (17.6 T) and fluorescent microscopy to investigate the appearance of early structural and connectivity changes in the spinal cords of ALS mice. Methods The spinal cords from presymptomatic and symptomatic mice (80 to 120 days of age) were scanned (ex-vivo) using diffusion-weighted MRI. The fractional anisotropy (FA), axial (AD) and radial (RD) diffusivities were calculated for axial slices from the thoracic, cervical and lumbar regions of the spinal cords. The diffusion parameters were compared with fluorescence microscopy and membrane cellular markers from the same tissue regions. Results At early stages of the disease (day 80) in the lumbar region, we found, a 19% decrease in FA, a 9% decrease in AD and a 35% increase in RD. Similar changes were observed in cervical and thoracic spinal cord regions. Differences between control and ALS mice groups at the symptomatic stages (day 120) were larger. Quantitative fluorescence microscopy at 80 days, demonstrated a 22% reduction in axonal area and a 22% increase in axonal density. Tractography and quantitative connectome analyses measured by edge weights showed a 52% decrease in the lumbar regions of the spinal cords of this ALS mice group. A significant increase in ADC (23.3%) in the ALS mice group was related to an increase in aquaporin markers. Conclusions These findings suggest that the combination of ultra-high field diffusion MRI with fluorescent ALS mice reporters is a useful approach to detect and characterize presymptomatic white matter micro-ultrastructural changes and axonal connectivity anomalies in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo G Gatto
- 1Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 808 S. Wood St. Rm 578 M/C 512, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
| | - Manish Y Amin
- 2Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Daniel Deyoung
- 2Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Matthew Hey
- 3Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Thomas H Mareci
- 4Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Richard L Magin
- 5Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
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Coenen VA, Schumacher LV, Kaller C, Schlaepfer TE, Reinacher PC, Egger K, Urbach H, Reisert M. The anatomy of the human medial forebrain bundle: Ventral tegmental area connections to reward-associated subcortical and frontal lobe regions. Neuroimage Clin 2018; 18:770-783. [PMID: 29845013 PMCID: PMC5964495 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Despite their importance in reward, motivation, and learning there is only sparse anatomical knowledge about the human medial forebrain bundle (MFB) and the connectivity of the ventral tegmental area (VTA). A thorough anatomical and microstructural description of the reward related PFC/OFC regions and their connection to the VTA - the superolateral branch of the MFB (slMFB) - is however mandatory to enable an interpretation of distinct therapeutic effects from different interventional treatment modalities in neuropsychiatric disorders (DBS, TMS etc.). This work aims at a normative description of the human MFB (and more detailed the slMFB) anatomy with respect to distant prefrontal connections and microstructural features. Methods and material Healthy subjects (n = 55; mean age ± SD, 40 ± 10 years; 32 females) underwent high resolution anatomical magnetic resonance imaging including diffusion tensor imaging. Connectivity of the VTA and the resulting slMFB were investigated on the group level using a global tractography approach. The Desikan/Killiany parceling (8 segments) of the prefrontal cortex was used to describe sub-segments of the MFB. A qualitative overlap with Brodmann areas was additionally described. Additionally, a pure visual analysis was performed comparing local and global tracking approaches for their ability to fully visualize the slMFB. Results The MFB could be robustly described both in the present sample as well as in additional control analyses in data from the human connectome project. Most VTA- connections reached the superior frontal gyrus, the middel frontal gyrus and the lateral orbitofrontal region corresponding to Brodmann areas 10, 9, 8, 11, and 11m. The projections to these regions comprised 97% (right) and 98% (left) of the total relative fiber counts of the slMFB. Discussion The anatomical description of the human MFB shows far reaching connectivity of VTA to reward-related subcortical and cortical prefrontal regions - but not to emotion-related regions on the medial cortical surface - realized via the superolateral branch of the MFB. Local tractography approaches appear to be inferior in showing these far-reaching projections. Since these local approaches are typically used for surgical targeting of DBS procedures, the here established detailed map might - as a normative template - guide future efforts to target deep brain stimulation of the slMFB in depression and other disorders related to dysfunction of reward and reward-associated learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Arnd Coenen
- Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, Medical Center, Freiburg University, Germany; Medical Faculty, Freiburg University, Germany.
| | - Lena Valerie Schumacher
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center, Freiburg University, Germany; Medical Faculty, Freiburg University, Germany; Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Kaller
- Department of Neurology, Medical Center, Freiburg University, Germany; Medical Faculty, Freiburg University, Germany
| | - Thomas Eduard Schlaepfer
- Department of Interventional Biological Psychiatry, Medical Center, Freiburg University, Germany; Medical Faculty, Freiburg University, Germany
| | - Peter Christoph Reinacher
- Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, Medical Center, Freiburg University, Germany; Medical Faculty, Freiburg University, Germany
| | - Karl Egger
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center, Freiburg University, Germany; Medical Faculty, Freiburg University, Germany
| | - Horst Urbach
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center, Freiburg University, Germany; Medical Faculty, Freiburg University, Germany
| | - Marco Reisert
- Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, Medical Center, Freiburg University, Germany; Department of Medical Physics, Medical Center, Freiburg University, Germany; Medical Faculty, Freiburg University, Germany
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Fuertinger S, Zinn JC, Sharan AD, Hamzei-Sichani F, Simonyan K. Dopamine drives left-hemispheric lateralization of neural networks during human speech. J Comp Neurol 2017; 526:920-931. [PMID: 29230808 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Although the concept of left-hemispheric lateralization of neural processes during speech production has been known since the times of Broca, its physiological underpinnings still remain elusive. We sought to assess the modulatory influences of a major neurotransmitter, dopamine, on hemispheric lateralization during real-life speaking using a multimodal analysis of functional MRI, intracranial EEG recordings, and large-scale neural population simulations based on diffusion-weighted MRI. We demonstrate that speech-induced phasic dopamine release into the dorsal striatum and speech motor cortex exerts direct modulation of neuronal activity in these regions and drives left-hemispheric lateralization of speech production network. Dopamine-induced lateralization of functional activity and networks during speaking is not dependent on lateralization of structural nigro-striatal and nigro-motocortical pathways. Our findings provide the first mechanistic explanation for left-hemispheric lateralization of human speech that is due to left-lateralized dopaminergic modulation of brain activity and functional networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Fuertinger
- Ernst Strüngmann Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience in Cooperation with Max Planck Society, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Joel C Zinn
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Ashwini D Sharan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sidney Kimmel College of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Farid Hamzei-Sichani
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Massachusetts Memorial Medical Center, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Kristina Simonyan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Tracting the neural basis of music: Deficient structural connectivity underlying acquired amusia. Cortex 2017; 97:255-273. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2017.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Campbell JSW, Leppert IR, Narayanan S, Boudreau M, Duval T, Cohen-Adad J, Pike GB, Stikov N. Promise and pitfalls of g-ratio estimation with MRI. Neuroimage 2017; 182:80-96. [PMID: 28822750 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The fiber g-ratio is the ratio of the inner to the outer diameter of the myelin sheath of a myelinated axon. It has a limited dynamic range in healthy white matter, as it is optimized for speed of signal conduction, cellular energetics, and spatial constraints. In vivo imaging of the g-ratio in health and disease would greatly increase our knowledge of the nervous system and our ability to diagnose, monitor, and treat disease. MRI based g-ratio imaging was first conceived in 2011, and expanded to be feasible in full brain white matter with preliminary results in 2013. This manuscript reviews the growing g-ratio imaging literature and speculates on future applications. It details the methodology for imaging the g-ratio with MRI, and describes the known pitfalls and challenges in doing so.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer S W Campbell
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; NeuroPoly Lab, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
| | - Ilana R Leppert
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sridar Narayanan
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mathieu Boudreau
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Tanguy Duval
- NeuroPoly Lab, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Julien Cohen-Adad
- NeuroPoly Lab, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Functional Neuroimaging Unit, CRIUGM, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Nikola Stikov
- NeuroPoly Lab, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Essayed WI, Zhang F, Unadkat P, Cosgrove GR, Golby AJ, O'Donnell LJ. White matter tractography for neurosurgical planning: A topography-based review of the current state of the art. Neuroimage Clin 2017; 15:659-672. [PMID: 28664037 PMCID: PMC5480983 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2017.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We perform a review of the literature in the field of white matter tractography for neurosurgical planning, focusing on those works where tractography was correlated with clinical information such as patient outcome, clinical functional testing, or electro-cortical stimulation. We organize the review by anatomical location in the brain and by surgical procedure, including both supratentorial and infratentorial pathologies, and excluding spinal cord applications. Where possible, we discuss implications of tractography for clinical care, as well as clinically relevant technical considerations regarding the tractography methods. We find that tractography is a valuable tool in variable situations in modern neurosurgery. Our survey of recent reports demonstrates multiple potentially successful applications of white matter tractography in neurosurgery, with progress towards overcoming clinical challenges of standardization and interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid I Essayed
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Fan Zhang
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Prashin Unadkat
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - G Rees Cosgrove
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexandra J Golby
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lauren J O'Donnell
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Sivakanthan S, Neal E, Murtagh R, Vale FL. The evolving utility of diffusion tensor tractography in the surgical management of temporal lobe epilepsy: a review. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2016; 158:2185-2193. [PMID: 27566714 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-016-2910-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a relatively new imaging modality that has found many peri-operative applications in neurosurgery. METHODS A comprehensive survey of the applications of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in planning for temporal lobe epilepsy surgery was conducted. The presentation of this literature is supplemented by a case illustration. RESULTS The authors have found that DTI is well utilized in epilepsy surgery, primarily in the tractography of Meyer's loop. DTI has also been used to demonstrate extratemporal connections that may be responsible for surgical failure as well as perioperative planning. The tractographic anatomy of the temporal lobe is discussed and presented with original DTI pictures. CONCLUSIONS The uses of DTI in epilepsy surgery are varied and rapidly evolving. A discussion of the technology, its limitations, and its applications is well warranted and presented in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sananthan Sivakanthan
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, 2 Tampa General Circle, 7th Floor, Tampa, FL, 33606, USA.
| | - Elliot Neal
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, 2 Tampa General Circle, 7th Floor, Tampa, FL, 33606, USA
- Brainlab Inc, Westchester, IL, USA
| | - Ryan Murtagh
- Department of Radiology, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Fernando L Vale
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, 2 Tampa General Circle, 7th Floor, Tampa, FL, 33606, USA
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Structural Organization of the Laryngeal Motor Cortical Network and Its Implication for Evolution of Speech Production. J Neurosci 2016; 36:4170-81. [PMID: 27076417 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3914-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The laryngeal motor cortex (LMC) is essential for the production of learned vocal behaviors because bilateral damage to this area renders humans unable to speak but has no apparent effect on innate vocalizations such as human laughing and crying or monkey calls. Several hypotheses have been put forward attempting to explain the evolutionary changes from monkeys to humans that potentially led to enhanced LMC functionality for finer motor control of speech production. These views, however, remain limited to the position of the larynx area within the motor cortex, as well as its connections with the phonatory brainstem regions responsible for the direct control of laryngeal muscles. Using probabilistic diffusion tractography in healthy humans and rhesus monkeys, we show that, whereas the LMC structural network is largely comparable in both species, the LMC establishes nearly 7-fold stronger connectivity with the somatosensory and inferior parietal cortices in humans than in macaques. These findings suggest that important "hard-wired" components of the human LMC network controlling the laryngeal component of speech motor output evolved from an already existing, similar network in nonhuman primates. However, the evolution of enhanced LMC-parietal connections likely allowed for more complex synchrony of higher-order sensorimotor coordination, proprioceptive and tactile feedback, and modulation of learned voice for speech production. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The role of the primary motor cortex in the formation of a comprehensive network controlling speech and language has been long underestimated and poorly studied. Here, we provide comparative and quantitative evidence for the significance of this region in the control of a highly learned and uniquely human behavior: speech production. From the viewpoint of structural network organization, we discuss potential evolutionary advances of enhanced temporoparietal cortical connections with the laryngeal motor cortex in humans compared with nonhuman primates that may have contributed to the development of finer vocal motor control necessary for speech production.
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Abstract
Progress in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) now makes it possible to identify the major white matter tracts in the living human brain. These tracts are important because they carry many of the signals communicated between different brain regions. MRI methods coupled with biophysical modeling can measure the tissue properties and structural features of the tracts that impact our ability to think, feel, and perceive. This review describes the fundamental ideas of the MRI methods used to identify the major white matter tracts in the living human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A Wandell
- Department of Psychology and Stanford Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305;
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Abstract
The implementation of fiber tracking or tractography modules in commercial navigation systems resulted in a broad availability of visualization possibilities for major white matter tracts in the neurosurgical community. Unfortunately the implemented algorithms and tracking approaches do not represent the state of the art of tractography strategies and may lead to false tracking results. The application of advanced tractography techniques for neurosurgical procedures poses even additional challenges that relate to effects of the individual anatomy that might be altered by edema and tumor, to stereotactic inaccuracies due to image distortion, as well as to registration inaccuracies and brain shift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Nimsky
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, Marburg, 35033, Germany.
| | - Miriam Bauer
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, Marburg, 35033, Germany
| | - Barbara Carl
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, Marburg, 35033, Germany
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Lee SH, Kim M, Park H. Planning for selective amygdalohippocampectomy involving less neuronal fiber damage based on brain connectivity using tractography. Neural Regen Res 2015; 10:1107-12. [PMID: 26330834 PMCID: PMC4541242 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.160104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Temporal lobe resection is an important treatment option for epilepsy that involves removal of potentially essential brain regions. Selective amygdalohippocampectomy is a widely performed temporal lobe surgery. We suggest starting the incision for selective amygdalohippocampectomy at the inferior temporal gyrus based on diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) tractography. Diffusion MRI data from 20 normal participants were obtained from Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) database (www.ppmi-info.org). A tractography algorithm was applied to extract neuronal fiber information for the temporal lobe, hippocampus, and amygdala. Fiber information was analyzed in terms of the number of fibers and betweenness centrality. Distances between starting incisions and surgical target regions were also considered to explore the length of the surgical path. Middle temporal and superior temporal gyrus regions have higher connectivity values than the inferior temporal gyrus and thus are not good candidates for starting the incision. The distances between inferior temporal gyrus and surgical target regions were shorter than those between middle temporal gyrus and target regions. Thus, the inferior temporal gyrus is a good candidate for starting the incision. Starting the incision from the inferior temporal gyrus would spare the important (in terms of betweenness centrality values) middle region and shorten the distance to the target regions of the hippocampus and amygdala.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hak Lee
- Department of Electronic Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mansu Kim
- Graduate School of Human ICT Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjin Park
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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Vasques X, Richardet R, Hill SL, Slater D, Chappelier JC, Pralong E, Bloch J, Draganski B, Cif L. Automatic target validation based on neuroscientific literature mining for tractography. Front Neuroanat 2015; 9:66. [PMID: 26074781 PMCID: PMC4445321 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2015.00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Target identification for tractography studies requires solid anatomical knowledge validated by an extensive literature review across species for each seed structure to be studied. Manual literature review to identify targets for a given seed region is tedious and potentially subjective. Therefore, complementary approaches would be useful. We propose to use text-mining models to automatically suggest potential targets from the neuroscientific literature, full-text articles and abstracts, so that they can be used for anatomical connection studies and more specifically for tractography. We applied text-mining models to three structures: two well-studied structures, since validated deep brain stimulation targets, the internal globus pallidus and the subthalamic nucleus and, the nucleus accumbens, an exploratory target for treating psychiatric disorders. We performed a systematic review of the literature to document the projections of the three selected structures and compared it with the targets proposed by text-mining models, both in rat and primate (including human). We ran probabilistic tractography on the nucleus accumbens and compared the output with the results of the text-mining models and literature review. Overall, text-mining the literature could find three times as many targets as two man-weeks of curation could. The overall efficiency of the text-mining against literature review in our study was 98% recall (at 36% precision), meaning that over all the targets for the three selected seeds, only one target has been missed by text-mining. We demonstrate that connectivity for a structure of interest can be extracted from a very large amount of publications and abstracts. We believe this tool will be useful in helping the neuroscience community to facilitate connectivity studies of particular brain regions. The text mining tools used for the study are part of the HBP Neuroinformatics Platform, publicly available at http://connectivity-brainer.rhcloud.com/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Vasques
- Blue Brain Project, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Lausanne, Switzerland ; IBM Systems France ; Laboratoire de Recherche en Neurosciences Cliniques France
| | - Renaud Richardet
- Blue Brain Project, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sean L Hill
- Blue Brain Project, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David Slater
- Laboratoire de Recherche Neuroimagerie, Université de Lausanne Lausanne, Switzerland ; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Université de Lausanne Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Cedric Chappelier
- School of Computer and Communication Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Etienne Pralong
- Département des Neurosciences Cliniques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Université de Lausanne Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jocelyne Bloch
- Département des Neurosciences Cliniques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Université de Lausanne Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bogdan Draganski
- Laboratoire de Recherche Neuroimagerie, Université de Lausanne Lausanne, Switzerland ; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Université de Lausanne Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laura Cif
- Laboratoire de Recherche Neuroimagerie, Université de Lausanne Lausanne, Switzerland ; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Université de Lausanne Lausanne, Switzerland ; Département de Neurochirurgie, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 1 Montpellier, France
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Chen JL, Kumar S, Williamson VJ, Scholz J, Griffiths TD, Stewart L. Detection of the arcuate fasciculus in congenital amusia depends on the tractography algorithm. Front Psychol 2015; 6:9. [PMID: 25653637 PMCID: PMC4300860 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The advent of diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows researchers to virtually dissect white matter fiber pathways in the brain in vivo. This, for example, allows us to characterize and quantify how fiber tracts differ across populations in health and disease, and change as a function of training. Based on diffusion MRI, prior literature reports the absence of the arcuate fasciculus (AF) in some control individuals and as well in those with congenital amusia. The complete absence of such a major anatomical tract is surprising given the subtle impairments that characterize amusia. Thus, we hypothesize that failure to detect the AF in this population may relate to the tracking algorithm used, and is not necessarily reflective of their phenotype. Diffusion data in control and amusic individuals were analyzed using three different tracking algorithms: deterministic and probabilistic, the latter either modeling two or one fiber populations. Across the three algorithms, we replicate prior findings of a left greater than right AF volume, but do not find group differences or an interaction. We detect the AF in all individuals using the probabilistic 2-fiber model, however, tracking failed in some control and amusic individuals when deterministic tractography was applied. These findings show that the ability to detect the AF in our sample is dependent on the type of tractography algorithm. This raises the question of whether failure to detect the AF in prior studies may be unrelated to the underlying anatomy or phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce L Chen
- Department of Physical Therapy and Graduate Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Heart and Stroke Foundation Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sukhbinder Kumar
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London London, UK ; Institute of Neuroscience, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Jan Scholz
- Mouse Imaging Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Timothy D Griffiths
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London London, UK ; Institute of Neuroscience, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Lauren Stewart
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London London, UK
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Differences in early and late mild cognitive impairment tractography using a diffusion tensor MRI. Neuroreport 2014; 25:1393-8. [DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000000279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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