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Cho Y, Kim Y, Lee H, Kim S, Kang J, Kadam US, Ju Park S, Sik Chung W, Chan Hong J. Cellular and physiological functions of SGR family in gravitropic response in higher plants. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00039-0. [PMID: 38295878 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In plants, gravity directs bidirectional growth; it specifies upward growth of shoots and downward growth of roots. Due to gravity, roots establish robust anchorage and shoot, which enables to photosynthesize. It sets optimum posture and develops plant architecture to efficiently use resources like water, nutrients, CO2, and gaseous exchange. Hence, gravitropism is crucial for crop productivity as well as for the growth of plants in challenging climate. Some SGR members are known to affect tiller and shoot angle, organ size, and inflorescence stem in plants. AIM OF REVIEW Although the SHOOT GRAVITROPISM (SGR) family plays a key role in regulating the fate of shoot gravitropism, little is known about its function compared to other proteins involved in gravity response in plant cells and tissues. Moreover, less information on the SGR family's physiological activities and biochemical responses in shoot gravitropism is available. This review scrutinizes and highlights the recent developments in shoot gravitropism and provides an outlook for future crop development, multi-application scenarios, and translational research to improve agricultural productivity. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW Plants have evolved multiple gene families specialized in gravitropic responses, of which the SGR family is highly significant. The SGR family regulates the plant's gravity response by regulating specific physiological and biochemical processes such as transcription, cell division, amyloplast sedimentation, endodermis development, and vacuole formation. Here, we analyze the latest discoveries in shoot gravitropism with particular attention to SGR proteins in plant cell biology, cellular physiology, and homeostasis. Plant cells detect gravity signals by sedimentation of amyloplast (starch granules) in the direction of gravity, and the signaling cascade begins. Gravity sensing, signaling, and auxin redistribution (organ curvature) are the three components of plant gravitropism. Eventually, we focus on the role of multiple SGR genes in shoot and present a complete update on the participation of SGR family members in gravity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Cho
- Division of Life Science and Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujeong Kim
- Division of Life Science and Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyebi Lee
- Division of Life Science and Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Sundong Kim
- Division of Life Science and Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehee Kang
- Division of Life Science and Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Ulhas S Kadam
- Division of Life Science and Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam, 52828, Republic of Korea.
| | - Soon Ju Park
- Division of Life Science and Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Sik Chung
- Division of Life Science and Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Chan Hong
- Division of Life Science and Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam, 52828, Republic of Korea.
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McNelly R, Vergara-Cruces Á, Lea-Smith D, Seung D, Webster M. Exploring the potential of plastid biology and biotechnology: Plastid Preview Meeting, Norwich, 1-2 September 2022. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:2187-2190. [PMID: 37787085 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rose McNelly
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | | | - David Lea-Smith
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - David Seung
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Michael Webster
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
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Qin F, Shui G, Li Z, Tu M, Zang X. Expression Profiling Reveals the Possible Involvement of the Ubiquitin-Proteasome Pathway in Abiotic Stress Regulation in Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12313. [PMID: 37569689 PMCID: PMC10418974 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis is an economically important red macroalga, the cultivation of which is affected by abiotic stresses. This research intends to study the response mechanism of various components of the ubiquitin-protease pathway to abiotic stress in G. lemaneiformis. The algae were treated with five common external stresses (high temperature, low temperature, O3, PEG, and water shortage) to study the macroscopic and microscopic manifestations of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Firstly, the changes in soluble protein and ubiquitin were detected during the five treatments, and the results showed that the content of soluble protein and ubiquitin significantly increased under most stresses. The content of the soluble protein increased the most on the second day after 20% PEG treatment, which was 1.38 times higher than that of the control group, and the content of ubiquitin increased the most 30 min after water shortage treatment, which was 3.6 times higher than that of the control group. Then, 12 key genes (E1, E2, UPL1, HRD1, UFD1, Cul3, Cul4, DDB2, PIAS1, FZR1, APC8, and COP1) of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway were studied, including an estimation of the probably regulatory elements in putative promoter regions and an analysis of transcript levels. The results showed that CAAT box, LTR, GC motif, and MBS elements were present in the putative promoter regions, which might have endowed the genes with the ability to respond to stress. The transcript analysis showed that under high temperature, low temperature, PEG, O3, and water shortage, all of the genes exhibited instant and significant up-regulation, and different genes had different response levels to different stresses. Many of them also showed the synergistic effect of transcript up-regulation under various stress treatments. In particular, E1, E2, Cul3, Cul4, UPL1, HRD1, and COP1 performed most significantly under the five stresses. Collectively, our exploration of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and the transcript levels of key genes suggest a significant role to cope with adversity, and potential candidate genes can be selected for transformation to obtain stress-resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xiaonan Zang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (F.Q.); (G.S.); (Z.L.); (M.T.)
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4
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Wan C, Zhang H, Cheng H, Sowden RG, Cai W, Jarvis RP, Ling Q. Selective autophagy regulates chloroplast protein import and promotes plant stress tolerance. EMBO J 2023; 42:e112534. [PMID: 37248861 PMCID: PMC10350842 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022112534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Chloroplasts are plant organelles responsible for photosynthesis and environmental sensing. Most chloroplast proteins are imported from the cytosol through the translocon at the outer envelope membrane of chloroplasts (TOC). Previous work has shown that TOC components are regulated by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) to control the chloroplast proteome, which is crucial for the organelle's function and plant development. Here, we demonstrate that the TOC apparatus is also subject to K63-linked polyubiquitination and regulation by selective autophagy, potentially promoting plant stress tolerance. We identify NBR1 as a selective autophagy adaptor targeting TOC components, and mediating their relocation into vacuoles for autophagic degradation. Such selective autophagy is shown to control TOC protein levels and chloroplast protein import and to influence photosynthetic activity as well as tolerance to UV-B irradiation and heat stress in Arabidopsis plants. These findings uncover the vital role of selective autophagy in the proteolytic regulation of specific chloroplast proteins, and how dynamic control of chloroplast protein import is critically important for plants to cope with challenging environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wan
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Hui Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Hongying Cheng
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Robert G Sowden
- Department of Plant Sciences and Section of Molecular Plant Biology (Department of Biology)University of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Wenjuan Cai
- Core Facility Center, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - R Paul Jarvis
- Department of Plant Sciences and Section of Molecular Plant Biology (Department of Biology)University of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Qihua Ling
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- CAS‐JIC Center of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Sciences (CEPAMS), Institute of Plant Physiology and EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
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Zhen Z, Dongying F, Yue S, Lipeng Z, Jingjing L, Minying L, Yuanyuan X, Juan H, Shiren S, Yi R, Bin H, Chao M. Translational profile of coding and non-coding RNAs revealed by genome wide profiling of ribosome footprints in grapevine. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1097846. [PMID: 36844052 PMCID: PMC9944039 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1097846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Translation is a crucial process during plant growth and morphogenesis. In grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.), many transcripts can be detected by RNA sequencing; however, their translational regulation is still largely unknown, and a great number of translation products have not yet been identified. Here, ribosome footprint sequencing was carried out to reveal the translational profile of RNAs in grapevine. A total of 8291 detected transcripts were divided into four parts, including the coding, untranslated regions (UTR), intron, and intergenic regions, and the 26 nt ribosome-protected fragments (RPFs) showed a 3 nt periodic distribution. Furthermore, the predicted proteins were identified and classified by GO analysis. More importantly, 7 heat shock-binding proteins were found to be involved in molecular chaperone DNA J families participating in abiotic stress responses. These 7 proteins have different expression patterns in grape tissues; one of them was significantly upregulated by heat stress according to bioinformatics research and was identified as DNA JA6. The subcellular localization results showed that VvDNA JA6 and VvHSP70 were both localized on the cell membrane. Therefore, we speculate that DNA JA6 may interact with HSP70. In addition, overexpression of VvDNA JA6 and VvHSP70, reduced the malondialdehyde (MDA) content, improved the antioxidant enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD), increased the content of proline, an osmolyte substance, and affected the expression of the high-temperature marker genes VvHsfB1, VvHsfB2A, VvHsfC and VvHSP100. In summary, our study proved that VvDNA JA6 and the heat shock protein VvHSP70 play a positive role in the response to heat stress. This study lays a foundation for further exploring the balance between gene expression and protein translation in grapevine under heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Zhen
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Dongying
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Song Yue
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhang Lipeng
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Liu Jingjing
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Liu Minying
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Yuanyuan
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - He Juan
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Song Shiren
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ren Yi
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Bin
- Changli Research Institute of Fruit Trees, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Changli, Hebei, China
| | - Ma Chao
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Hand KA, Shabek N. The Role of E3 Ubiquitin Ligases in Chloroplast Function. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179613. [PMID: 36077009 PMCID: PMC9455731 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chloroplasts are ancient organelles responsible for photosynthesis and various biosynthetic functions essential to most life on Earth. Many of these functions require tightly controlled regulatory processes to maintain homeostasis at the protein level. One such regulatory mechanism is the ubiquitin-proteasome system whose fundamental role is increasingly emerging in chloroplasts. In particular, the role of E3 ubiquitin ligases as determinants in the ubiquitination and degradation of specific intra-chloroplast proteins. Here, we highlight recent advances in understanding the roles of plant E3 ubiquitin ligases SP1, COP1, PUB4, CHIP, and TT3.1 as well as the ubiquitin-dependent segregase CDC48 in chloroplast function.
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7
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Loudya N, Maffei DPF, Bédard J, Ali SM, Devlin PF, Jarvis RP, López-Juez E. Mutations in the chloroplast inner envelope protein TIC100 impair and repair chloroplast protein import and impact retrograde signaling. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:3028-3046. [PMID: 35640571 PMCID: PMC9338805 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplast biogenesis requires synthesis of proteins in the nucleocytoplasm and the chloroplast itself. Nucleus-encoded chloroplast proteins are imported via multiprotein translocons in the organelle's envelope membranes. Controversy exists around whether a 1-MDa complex comprising TIC20, TIC100, and other proteins constitutes the inner membrane TIC translocon. The Arabidopsis thaliana cue8 virescent mutant is broadly defective in plastid development. We identify CUE8 as TIC100. The tic100cue8 mutant accumulates reduced levels of 1-MDa complex components and exhibits reduced import of two nucleus-encoded chloroplast proteins of different import profiles. A search for suppressors of tic100cue8 identified a second mutation within the same gene, tic100soh1, which rescues the visible, 1 MDa complex-subunit abundance, and chloroplast protein import phenotypes. tic100soh1 retains but rapidly exits virescence and rescues the synthetic lethality of tic100cue8 when retrograde signaling is impaired by a mutation in the GENOMES UNCOUPLED 1 gene. Alongside the strong virescence, changes in RNA editing and the presence of unimported precursor proteins show that a strong signaling response is triggered when TIC100 function is altered. Our results are consistent with a role for TIC100, and by extension the 1-MDa complex, in the chloroplast import of photosynthetic and nonphotosynthetic proteins, a process which initiates retrograde signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Loudya
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Douglas P F Maffei
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Jocelyn Bédard
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Sabri Mohd Ali
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Paul F Devlin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK
| | - R Paul Jarvis
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Enrique López-Juez
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK
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8
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Chloroplasts Protein Quality Control and Turnover: A Multitude of Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147760. [PMID: 35887108 PMCID: PMC9319218 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As the organelle of photosynthesis and other important metabolic pathways, chloroplasts contain up to 70% of leaf proteins with uniquely complex processes in synthesis, import, assembly, and turnover. Maintaining functional protein homeostasis in chloroplasts is vitally important for the fitness and survival of plants. Research over the past several decades has revealed a multitude of mechanisms that play important roles in chloroplast protein quality control and turnover under normal and stress conditions. These mechanisms include: (i) endosymbiotically-derived proteases and associated proteins that play a vital role in maintaining protein homeostasis inside the chloroplasts, (ii) the ubiquitin-dependent turnover of unimported chloroplast precursor proteins to prevent their accumulation in the cytosol, (iii) chloroplast-associated degradation of the chloroplast outer-membrane translocon proteins for the regulation of chloroplast protein import, (iv) chloroplast unfolded protein response triggered by accumulated unfolded and misfolded proteins inside the chloroplasts, and (v) vesicle-mediated degradation of chloroplast components in the vacuole. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of these diverse mechanisms of chloroplast protein quality control and turnover and discuss important questions that remain to be addressed in order to better understand and improve important chloroplast functions.
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Sedaghatmehr M, Thirumalaikumar VP, Kamranfar I, Schulz K, Mueller-Roeber B, Sampathkumar A, Balazadeh S. Autophagy complements metalloprotease FtsH6 in degrading plastid heat shock protein HSP21 during heat stress recovery. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021:erab304. [PMID: 34185061 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Moderate and temporary heat stresses (HS) prime plants to tolerate, and survive, a subsequent severe HS. Such acquired thermotolerance can be maintained for several days under normal growth conditions, and create a HS memory. We recently demonstrated that plastid-localized small heat shock protein HSP21 is a key component of HS memory in Arabidopsis thaliana. A sustained high abundance of HSP21 during the HS recovery phase extends HS memory. The level of HSP21 is negatively controlled by plastid-localized metalloprotease FtsH6 during HS recovery. Here, we demonstrate that autophagy, a cellular recycling mechanism, exerts additional control over HSP21 degradation. Genetic and chemical disruption of both, metalloprotease activity and autophagy trigger superior HSP21 accumulation, thereby improving memory. Furthermore, we provide evidence that autophagy cargo receptor ATG8-INTERACTING PROTEIN1 (ATI1) is associated with HS memory. ATI1 bodies colocalize with both autophagosomes and HSP21, and their abundance and transport to the vacuole increase during HS recovery. Together, our results provide new insights into the control module for the regulation of HS memory, in which two distinct protein degradation pathways act in concert to degrade HSP21, thereby enabling cells to recover from the HS effect at the cost of reducing the HS memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mastoureh Sedaghatmehr
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Venkatesh P Thirumalaikumar
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße
| | - Iman Kamranfar
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße
| | - Karina Schulz
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Bernd Mueller-Roeber
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße
| | - Arun Sampathkumar
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Salma Balazadeh
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Leiden University, PO Box 9500, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Tartaglia M, Sciarrillo R, Zuzolo D, Amoresano A, Illiano A, Pinto G, Jorrín-Novo JV, Guarino C. Why Consumers Prefer Green Friariello Pepper: Changes in the Protein and Metabolite Profiles Along the Ripening. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:668562. [PMID: 33995464 PMCID: PMC8121147 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.668562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fruit ripening is a physiologically complex process altering texture, color, flavor, nutritional value, and aroma. However, some fruits are consumed at an early stage of ripening due to the very peculiar characteristics varying during ripening. An example is a particular ecotype of pepper, the Friariello pepper, among the most important representatives of Campania (Southern Italy) agro-alimentary culture. In this study, for the first time, the physiological variations during Friariello ripening (green, veraison, and fully ripe) were evaluated by hyphenated mass spectrometric techniques in a proteomic and metabolomic approach. We found that Lutein and Thaumatin are particularly abundant in the green Friariello. Friariello at an early stage of ripening, is rich in volatile compounds like butanol, 1 3 5-cycloheptatriene, dimethylheptane, α-pinene, furan-2-penthyl, ethylhexanol, 3-carene, detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, which give it the peculiar fresh and pleasant taste. The detected features of Friariello may justify its preferential consumption in the early ripening stage and outline new knowledge aimed at preserving specific agro-cultural heritage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Tartaglia
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Rosaria Sciarrillo
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Daniela Zuzolo
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Angela Amoresano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Illiano
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriella Pinto
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Jesús V. Jorrín-Novo
- Agroforestry and Plant Biochemistry, Proteomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Córdoba, UCO-CeiA3, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Carmine Guarino
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
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Nesari A, Mansouri MT, Khodayar MJ, Rezaei M. Preadministration of high-dose alpha-tocopherol improved memory impairment and mitochondrial dysfunction induced by proteasome inhibition in rat hippocampus. Nutr Neurosci 2021; 24:119-129. [PMID: 31084475 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2019.1601888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The ubiquitin-proteasome system plays a key role in memory consolidation. Proteasome inhibition and free radical-induced neural damage were implicated in neurodegenerative states. In this study, it was tested whether alpha-tocopherol (αT) in low and high doses could improve the long-term memory impairment induced by proteasome inhibition and protects against hippocampal oxidative stress. Methods: Alpha-tocopherol (αT) (60, 200 mg/kg, i.p. for 5 days) was administered to rats with memory deficit and hippocampal oxidative stress induced by bilateral intra-hippocampal injection of lactacystin (32 ng/μl) and mitochondrial evaluations were performed for improvement assessments. Results: The results showed that lactacystin significantly reduced the passive avoidance memory performance and increased the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and diminished the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in the rat hippocampus. Furthermore, Intraperitoneal administration of αT significantly increased the passive avoidance memory, glutathione content and reduced ROS, MDA levels and impaired MMP. Conclusions: The results suggested that αT has neuroprotective effects against lactacystin-induced oxidative stress and memory impairment via the enhancement of hippocampal antioxidant capacity and concomitant mitochondrial sustainability. This finding shows a way to prevent and also to treat neurodegenerative diseases associated with mitochondrial impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Nesari
- Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghi Mansouri
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Anesthesiology, Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mohammad Javad Khodayar
- Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Toxicology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rezaei
- Toxicology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Bagnaresi P, Cattivelli L. Ab initio GO-based mining for non-tandem-duplicated functional clusters in three model plant diploid genomes. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234782. [PMID: 32559249 PMCID: PMC7304597 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A functional Non-Tandem Duplicated Cluster (FNTDC) is a group of non-tandem-duplicated genes that are located closer than expected by mere chance and have a role in the same biological function. The identification of secondary-compounds–related FNTDC has gained increased interest in recent years, but little ab-initio attempts aiming to the identification of FNTDCs covering all biological functions, including primary metabolism compounds, have been carried out. We report an extensive FNTDC dataset accompanied by a detailed assessment on parameters used for genome scanning and their impact on FNTDC detection. We propose 70% identity and 70% alignment coverage as intermediate settings to exclude tandem duplicated genes and a dynamic scanning window of 24 genes. These settings were applied to rice, arabidopsis and grapevine genomes to call for FNTDCs. Besides the best-known secondary metabolism clusters, we identified many FNTDCs associated to primary metabolism ranging from macromolecules synthesis/editing, TOR signalling, ubiquitination, proton and electron transfer complexes. Using the intermediate FNTDC setting parameters (at P-value 1e-6), 130, 70 and 140 candidate FNTDCs were called in rice, arabidopsis and grapevine, respectively, and 20 to 30% of GO tags associated to called FNTDC were common among the 3 genomes. The datasets developed along with this work provide a rich framework for pinpointing candidate FNTDCs reflecting all GO-BP tags covering both primary and secondary metabolism with large macromolecular complexes/metabolons as the most represented FNTDCs. Noteworthy, several FNTDCs are tagged with GOs referring to organelle-targeted multi-enzyme complex, a finding that suggest the migration of endosymbiont gene chunks towards nuclei could be at the basis of these class of candidate FNTDCs. Most FNTDC appear to have evolved prior of genome duplication events. More than one-third of genes interspersed/adjacent to called FNTDCs lacked any functional annotation; however, their co-localization may provide hints towards a candidate biological role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Bagnaresi
- CREA Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Fiorenzuola d’Arda, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Luigi Cattivelli
- CREA Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Fiorenzuola d’Arda, Italy
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Protein import into chloroplasts and its regulation by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 48:71-82. [PMID: 31922184 PMCID: PMC7054747 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplasts are photosynthetic plant organelles descended from a bacterial ancestor. The vast majority of chloroplast proteins are synthesized in the cytosol and then imported into the chloroplast post-translationally. Translocation complexes exist in the organelle's outer and inner envelope membranes (termed TOC and TIC, respectively) to facilitate protein import. These systems recognize chloroplast precursor proteins and mediate their import in an energy-dependent manner. However, many unanswered questions remain regarding mechanistic details of the import process and the participation and functions of individual components; for example, the cytosolic events that mediate protein delivery to chloroplasts, the composition of the TIC apparatus, and the nature of the protein import motor all require resolution. The flux of proteins through TOC and TIC varies greatly throughout development and in response to specific environmental cues. The import process is, therefore, tightly regulated, and it has emerged that the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) plays a key role in this regard, acting at several different steps in the process. The UPS is involved in: the selective degradation of transcription factors that co-ordinate the expression of chloroplast precursor proteins; the removal of unimported chloroplast precursor proteins in the cytosol; the inhibition of chloroplast biogenesis pre-germination; and the reconfiguration of the TOC apparatus in response to developmental and environmental signals in a process termed chloroplast-associated protein degradation. In this review, we highlight recent advances in our understanding of protein import into chloroplasts and how this process is regulated by the UPS.
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Zhang Z, Fan Y, Xiong J, Guo X, Hu K, Wang Z, Gao J, Wen J, Yi B, Shen J, Ma C, Fu T, Xia S, Tu J. Two young genes reshape a novel interaction network in Brassica napus. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 225:530-545. [PMID: 31407340 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
New genes often drive the evolution of gene interaction networks. In Brassica napus, the widely used genic male sterile breeding system 7365ABC is controlled by two young genes, Bnams4b and BnaMs3. However, the interaction mechanism of these two young genes remains unclear. Here, we confirmed that Bnams4b interacts with the nuclear localised E3 ligase BRUTUS (BTS). Ectopic expression of AtBRUTUS (AtBTS) and comparison between Bnams4b -transgenic Arabidopsis and bts mutants suggested that Bnams4b may drive translocation of BTS to cause various toxic defects. BnaMs3 gained an exclusive interaction with the plastid outer-membrane translocon Toc33 compared with Bnams3 and AtTic40, and specifically compensated for the toxic effects of Bnams4b . Heat shock treatment also rescued the sterile phenotype, and high temperature suppressed the interaction between Bnams4b and BTS in yeast. Furthermore, the ubiquitin system and TOC (translocon at the outer envelope membrane of chloroplasts) component accumulation were affected in Bnams4b -transgenic Arabidopsis plants. Taken together, these results indicate that new chimeric Bnams4b carries BTS from nucleus to chloroplast, which may disrupt the normal ubiquitin-proteasome system to cause toxic effects, and these defects can be compensated by BnaMs3-Toc33 interaction or environmental heat shock. It reveals a scenario in which two population-specific coevolved young genes reshape a novel interaction network in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yu Fan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jie Xiong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiang Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Kaining Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhixin Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jie Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jing Wen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Bin Yi
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jinxiong Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chaozhi Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tingdong Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shengqian Xia
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jinxing Tu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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15
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Hwang I. Plastid biogenesis and homeostasis. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2019; 38:777-778. [PMID: 31165906 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-019-02437-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Inhwan Hwang
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology and Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, South Korea.
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16
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Wiesemann K, Simm S, Mirus O, Ladig R, Schleiff E. Regulation of two GTPases Toc159 and Toc34 in the translocon of the outer envelope of chloroplasts. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2019; 1867:627-636. [PMID: 30611779 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The GTPases Toc159 and Toc34 of the translocon of the outer envelope of chloroplasts (TOC) are involved in recognition and transfer of precursor proteins at the cytosolic face of the organelle. Both proteins engage multiple interactions within the translocon during the translocation process, including dimeric states of their G-domains. The units of the Toc34 homodimer are involved in the recognition of the transit peptide representing the translocation signal of precursor proteins. This substrate recognition is part of the regulation of the GTPase cycle of Toc34. The Toc159 monomer and the Toc34 homodimer recognize the transit peptide of the small subunit of Rubisco at the N- and at the C-terminal region, respectively. Analysis of the transit peptide interaction by crosslinking shows that the heterodimer between both G-domains binds pSSU most efficiently. While substrate recognition by Toc34 homodimer was shown to regulate nucleotide exchange, we provide evidence that the high activation energy of the GTPase Toc159 is lowered by substrate recognition. The nucleotide affinity of Toc34G homodimer and Toc159G monomer are distinct, Toc34G homodimer recognizes GDP and Toc159G GTP with highest affinity. Moreover, the analysis of the nucleotide association rates of the monomeric and dimeric receptor units suggests that the heterodimer has an arrangement distinct from the homodimer of Toc34. Based on the biochemical parameters determined we propose a model for the order of events at the cytosolic side of TOC. The molecular processes described by this hypothesis range from transit peptide recognition to perception of the substrate by the translocation channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Wiesemann
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology of Plants, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Stefan Simm
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology of Plants, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany; Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Ruth-Moufang-Straße 1, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Oliver Mirus
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology of Plants, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Roman Ladig
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology of Plants, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany; Cluster of Excellence Frankfurt, Goethe University, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Enrico Schleiff
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology of Plants, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany; Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Ruth-Moufang-Straße 1, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany; Cluster of Excellence Frankfurt, Goethe University, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany; Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue Str. 15, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany.
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Pinard D, Fierro AC, Marchal K, Myburg AA, Mizrachi E. Organellar carbon metabolism is coordinated with distinct developmental phases of secondary xylem. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 222:1832-1845. [PMID: 30742304 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Subcellular compartmentation of plant biosynthetic pathways in the mitochondria and plastids requires coordinated regulation of nuclear encoded genes, and the role of these genes has been largely ignored by wood researchers. In this study, we constructed a targeted systems genetics coexpression network of xylogenesis in Eucalyptus using plastid and mitochondrial carbon metabolic genes and compared the resulting clusters to the aspen xylem developmental series. The constructed network clusters reveal the organization of transcriptional modules regulating subcellular metabolic functions in plastids and mitochondria. Overlapping genes between the plastid and mitochondrial networks implicate the common transcriptional regulation of carbon metabolism during xylem secondary growth. We show that the central processes of organellar carbon metabolism are distinctly coordinated across the developmental stages of wood formation and are specifically associated with primary growth and secondary cell wall deposition. We also demonstrate that, during xylogenesis, plastid-targeted carbon metabolism is partially regulated by the central clock for carbon allocation towards primary and secondary xylem growth, and we discuss these networks in the context of previously established associations with wood-related complex traits. This study provides a new resolution into the integration and transcriptional regulation of plastid- and mitochondrial-localized carbon metabolism during xylogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desré Pinard
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
- Genomics Research Institute (GRI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Ana Carolina Fierro
- Department of Information Technology, Ghent University - iMinds, Technologiepark 15, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
| | - Kathleen Marchal
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
- Department of Information Technology, Ghent University - iMinds, Technologiepark 15, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
| | - Alexander A Myburg
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
- Genomics Research Institute (GRI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Eshchar Mizrachi
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
- Genomics Research Institute (GRI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
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18
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Zhu M, Lin J, Ye J, Wang R, Yang C, Gong J, Liu Y, Deng C, Liu P, Chen C, Cheng Y, Deng X, Zeng Y. A comprehensive proteomic analysis of elaioplasts from citrus fruits reveals insights into elaioplast biogenesis and function. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2018; 5:6. [PMID: 29423236 PMCID: PMC5802726 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-017-0014-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Elaioplasts of citrus peel are colorless plastids which accumulate significant amounts of terpenes. However, other functions of elaioplasts have not been fully characterized to date. Here, a LC-MS/MS shotgun technology was applied to identify the proteins from elaioplasts that were highly purified from young fruit peel of kumquat. A total of 655 putative plastid proteins were identified from elaioplasts according to sequence homology in silico and manual curation. Based on functional classification via Mapman, ~50% of the identified proteins fall into six categories, including protein metabolism, transport, and lipid metabolism. Of note, elaioplasts contained ATP synthase and ADP, ATP carrier proteins at high abundance, indicating important roles for ATP generation and transport in elaioplast biogenesis. Additionally, a comparison of proteins between citrus chromoplast and elaioplast proteomes suggest a high level of functional conservation. However, some distinctive protein profiles were also observed in both types of plastids notably for isoprene biosynthesis in elaioplasts, and carotenoid metabolism in chromoplasts. In conclusion, this comprehensive proteomic study provides new insights into the major metabolic pathways and unique characteristics of elaioplasts and chromoplasts in citrus fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
- Institute of Citrus Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Jiajia Lin
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
- Institute of Citrus Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Junli Ye
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
- Institute of Citrus Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Rui Wang
- Shanghai Applied Protein Technology Co. Ltd, Shanghai, 200233 China
| | - Chao Yang
- Shanghai Applied Protein Technology Co. Ltd, Shanghai, 200233 China
| | - Jinli Gong
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
- Institute of Citrus Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Yun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
- Institute of Citrus Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Chongling Deng
- Guangxi Citrus Research Institute, Guangxi, 541004 China
| | - Ping Liu
- Guangxi Citrus Research Institute, Guangxi, 541004 China
| | - Chuanwu Chen
- Guangxi Citrus Research Institute, Guangxi, 541004 China
| | - Yunjiang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
- Institute of Citrus Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Xiuxin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
- Institute of Citrus Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Yunliu Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
- Institute of Citrus Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
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19
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Abstract
The plastids, including chloroplasts, are a group of interrelated organelles that confer photoautotrophic growth and the unique metabolic capabilities that are characteristic of plant systems. Plastid biogenesis relies on the expression, import, and assembly of thousands of nuclear encoded preproteins. Plastid proteomes undergo rapid remodeling in response to developmental and environmental signals to generate functionally distinct plastid types in specific cells and tissues. In this review, we will highlight the central role of the plastid protein import system in regulating and coordinating the import of functionally related sets of preproteins that are required for plastid-type transitions and maintenance.
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Wang WJ, Zheng KL, Gong XD, Xu JL, Huang JR, Lin DZ, Dong YJ. The rice TCD11 encoding plastid ribosomal protein S6 is essential for chloroplast development at low temperature. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 259:1-11. [PMID: 28483049 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plastid ribosome proteins (PRPs) are important components for chloroplast biogenesis and early chloroplast development. Although it has been known that chloroplast ribosomes are similar to bacterial ones, the precise molecular function of ribosomal proteins remains to be elucidated in rice. Here, we identified a novel rice mutant, designated tcd11 (thermo-sensitive chlorophyll-deficient mutant 11), characterized by the albino phenotype until it died at 20°C, while displaying normal phenotype at 32°C. The alteration of leaf color in tcd11 mutants was aligned with chlorophyll (Chl) content and chloroplast development. The map-based cloning and molecular complementation showed that TCD11 encodes the ribosomal small subunit protein S6 in chloroplasts (RPS6). TCD11 was abundantly expressed in leaves, suggesting its different expressions in tissues. In addition, the disruption of TCD11 greatly reduced the transcript levels of certain chloroplasts-associated genes and prevented the assembly of ribosome in chloroplasts at low temperature (20°C), whereas they recovered to nearly normal levels at high temperature (32°C). Thus, our data indicate that TCD11 plays an important role in chloroplast development at low temperature. Upon our knowledge, the observations from this study provide a first glimpse into the importance of RPS6 function in rice chloroplast development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Juan Wang
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Kai-Lun Zheng
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Xiao-Di Gong
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China; Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 10010, China
| | - Jian-Long Xu
- The Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 South Zhong-Guan Cun Street, Beijing 100081, China; Agricultural Genome Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Ji-Rong Huang
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dong-Zhi Lin
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China.
| | - Yan-Jun Dong
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China.
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Hirosawa Y, Ito-Inaba Y, Inaba T. Ubiquitin-Proteasome-Dependent Regulation of Bidirectional Communication between Plastids and the Nucleus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:310. [PMID: 28360917 PMCID: PMC5350108 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Plastids are DNA-containing organelles and can have unique differentiation states depending on age, tissue, and environment. Plastid biogenesis is optimized by bidirectional communication between plastids and the nucleus. Import of nuclear-encoded proteins into plastids serves as anterograde signals and vice versa, plastids themselves send retrograde signals to the nucleus, thereby controlling de novo synthesis of nuclear-encoded plastid proteins. Recently, it has become increasingly evident that the ubiquitin-proteasome system regulates both the import of anterograde plastid proteins and retrograde signaling from plastids to the nucleus. Targets of ubiquitin-proteasome regulation include unimported chloroplast precursor proteins in the cytosol, protein translocation machinery at the chloroplast surface, and transcription factors in the nucleus. This review will focus on the mechanism through which the ubiquitin-proteasome system optimizes plastid biogenesis and plant development through the regulation of nuclear-plastid interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Hirosawa
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of MiyazakiMiyazaki, Japan
| | - Yasuko Ito-Inaba
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of MiyazakiMiyazaki, Japan
- Organization for Promotion of Tenure Track, University of MiyazakiMiyazaki, Japan
| | - Takehito Inaba
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of MiyazakiMiyazaki, Japan
- *Correspondence: Takehito Inaba,
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Broad W, Ling Q, Jarvis P. New Insights Into Roles of Ubiquitin Modification in Regulating Plastids and Other Endosymbiotic Organelles. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 325:1-33. [PMID: 27241217 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2016.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent findings have revealed important and diverse roles for the ubiquitin modification of proteins in the regulation of endosymbiotic organelles, which include the primary plastids of plants as well as complex plastids: the secondary endosymbiotic organelles of cryptophytes, alveolates, stramenopiles, and haptophytes. Ubiquitin modifications have a variety of potential consequences, both to the modified protein itself and to cellular regulation. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) can target individual proteins for selective degradation by the cytosolic 26S proteasome. Ubiquitin modifications can also signal the removal of whole endosymbiotic organelles, for example, via autophagy as has been well characterized in mitochondria. As plastids must import over 90% of their proteins from the cytosol, the observation that the UPS selectively targets the plastid protein import machinery is particularly significant. In this way, the UPS may influence the development and interconversions of different plastid types, as well as plastid responses to stress, by reconfiguring the organellar proteome. In complex plastids, the Symbiont-derived ERAD-Like Machinery (SELMA) has coopted the protein transport capabilities of the ER-Associated Degradation (ERAD) system, whereby misfolded proteins are retrotranslocated from ER for proteasomal degradation, uncoupling them from proteolysis: SELMA components have been retargeted to the second outermost plastid membrane to mediate protein import. In spite of this wealth of new information, there still remain a large number of unanswered questions and a need to define the roles of ubiquitin modification further in the regulation of plastids.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Broad
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Q Ling
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - P Jarvis
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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Paila YD, Richardson LG, Inoue H, Parks ES, McMahon J, Inoue K, Schnell DJ. Multi-functional roles for the polypeptide transport associated domains of Toc75 in chloroplast protein import. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 26999824 PMCID: PMC4811774 DOI: 10.7554/elife.12631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Toc75 plays a central role in chloroplast biogenesis in plants as the membrane channel of the protein import translocon at the outer envelope of chloroplasts (TOC). Toc75 is a member of the Omp85 family of bacterial and organellar membrane insertases, characterized by N-terminal POTRA (polypeptide-transport associated) domains and C-terminal membrane-integrated β-barrels. We demonstrate that the Toc75 POTRA domains are essential for protein import and contribute to interactions with TOC receptors, thereby coupling preprotein recognition at the chloroplast surface with membrane translocation. The POTRA domains also interact with preproteins and mediate the recruitment of molecular chaperones in the intermembrane space to facilitate membrane transport. Our studies are consistent with the multi-functional roles of POTRA domains observed in other Omp85 family members and demonstrate that the domains of Toc75 have evolved unique properties specific to the acquisition of protein import during endosymbiotic evolution of the TOC system in plastids. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.12631.001 Chloroplasts are a hallmark feature of plant cells and the sites of photosynthesis – the process in which plants harness the energy in sunlight for their own needs. The first chloroplasts arose when a photosynthetic bacterium was engulfed by another host cell, and most of the original bacterial genes have been transferred to the host cell’s nucleus during the evolution of land plants. As a result, modern chloroplasts need to import the thousands of proteins encoded by these genes from the rest of the cell. The chloroplast protein import system relies on a protein transporter in the chloroplast membrane that evolved from a family of bacterial transporters. However, the bacterial transporters were initially involved in protein export, and it was not known how the activity of these transporters adapted to move proteins in the opposite direction. Paila et al. set out to better understand the chloroplast protein import system and produced mutated forms of the transporter in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. These experiments revealed that a part of the transporter that is conserved in many other organisms, the “protein transport associated domains”, has been adapted for three key roles in protein import. First, this part of the transporter interacts with the other components of the import system that make the transporter more selective and control which direction the proteins are transported. Second, the domains interact with proteins during transport to help move them across the chloroplast membrane. Finally, the domains recruit other molecules called chaperones, which stop the protein from aggregating or misfolding during the transport process. These activities are similar to those for the bacterial export transporters, but clearly evolved to allow transport in the opposite direction – that is, to import proteins into chloroplasts. The next challenges are to explain how proteins destined for chloroplasts are recognized and transported through the chloroplast’s membrane. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.12631.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamuna D Paila
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States
| | - Lynn Gl Richardson
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States
| | - Hitoshi Inoue
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States
| | - Elizabeth S Parks
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States
| | - James McMahon
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States
| | - Kentaro Inoue
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, United States
| | - Danny J Schnell
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States
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Zhang L. Chloroplast Biogenesis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2015; 1847:759-60. [PMID: 26113324 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2015.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Zhang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanxincun 20, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, CHINA.
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