1
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Wang S, Huo Y, Zhang J, Li L, Cao F, Song Y, Zhang Y, Yang K. Design, synthesis, antitumor activity, and molecular dynamics simulations of novel sphingosine kinase 2 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 93:117441. [PMID: 37586181 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Targeting sphingosine kinase 2 (SphK2) has become a novel strategy for the treatment of cancer. However, potent and selective SphK2 inhibitors are rare. In our work, a series of novel SphK2 inhibitors were innovatively designed, synthesized and screened. Compound 12e showed the best inhibitory activity. Molecular dynamics simulations were carried out to analyze the detailed interactions between the SphK2 and its inhibitors. Moreover, 12e exhibited anti-proliferative activity in various cancer cells, and inhibited the migration of human breast cancer cells MCF-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- ShaSha Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yidan Huo
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Jinmiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Longfei Li
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Fei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yali Song
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yajing Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China.
| | - Kan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
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2
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Alizadeh J, da Silva Rosa SC, Weng X, Jacobs J, Lorzadeh S, Ravandi A, Vitorino R, Pecic S, Zivkovic A, Stark H, Shojaei S, Ghavami S. Ceramides and ceramide synthases in cancer: Focus on apoptosis and autophagy. Eur J Cell Biol 2023; 102:151337. [PMID: 37392580 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Different studies corroborate a role for ceramide synthases and their downstream products, ceramides, in modulation of apoptosis and autophagy in the context of cancer. These mechanisms of regulation, however, appear to be context dependent in terms of ceramides' fatty acid chain length, subcellular localization, and the presence or absence of their downstream targets. Our current understanding of the role of ceramide synthases and ceramides in regulation of apoptosis and autophagy could be harnessed to pioneer the development of new treatments to activate or inhibit a single type of ceramide synthase, thereby regulating the apoptosis induction or cross talk of apoptosis and autophagy in cancer cells. Moreover, the apoptotic function of ceramide suggests that ceramide analogues can pave the way for the development of novel cancer treatments. Therefore, in the current review paper we discuss the impact of ceramide synthases and ceramides in regulation of apoptosis and autophagy in context of different types of cancers. We also briefly introduce the latest information on ceramide synthase inhibitors, their application in diseases including cancer therapy, and discuss approaches for drug discovery in the field of ceramide synthase inhibitors. We finally discussed strategies for developing strategies to use lipids and ceramides analysis in biological fluids for developing early biomarkers for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Alizadeh
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Simone C da Silva Rosa
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Xiaohui Weng
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California State University, Fullerton, 800 N. State College, Fullerton, CA 92834, United States
| | - Joadi Jacobs
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Shahrokh Lorzadeh
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Amir Ravandi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, 66 Chancellors Cir, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Rui Vitorino
- UnIC, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine iBiMED, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Stevan Pecic
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California State University, Fullerton, 800 N. State College, Fullerton, CA 92834, United States
| | - Aleksandra Zivkovic
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitaetstrasse 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Holger Stark
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitaetstrasse 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Shahla Shojaei
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada; Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, University of Technology in Katowice, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland; Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
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3
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Issleny BM, Jamjoum R, Majumder S, Stiban J. Sphingolipids: From structural components to signaling hubs. Enzymes 2023; 54:171-201. [PMID: 37945171 DOI: 10.1016/bs.enz.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
In late November 2019, Prof. Lina M. Obeid passed away from cancer, a disease she spent her life researching and studying its intricate molecular underpinnings. Along with her husband, Prof. Yusuf A. Hannun, Obeid laid down the foundations of sphingolipid biochemistry and oversaw its remarkable evolution over the years. Lipids are a class of macromolecules that are primarily associated with cellular architecture. In fact, lipids constitute the perimeter of the cell in such a way that without them, there cannot be cells. Hence, much of the early research on lipids identified the function of this class of biological molecules as merely structural. Nevertheless, unlike proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids, lipids are elaborately diverse as they are not made up of monomers in polymeric forms. This diversity in structure is clearly mirrored by functional pleiotropy. In this chapter, we focus on a major subset of lipids, sphingolipids, and explore their historic rise from merely inert structural components of plasma membranes to lively and necessary signaling molecules that transmit various signals and control many cellular processes. We will emphasize the works of Lina Obeid since she was an integral pillar of the sphingolipid research world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batoul M Issleny
- Department of Pharmacy, Birzeit University, West Bank, Palestine
| | - Rama Jamjoum
- Department of Pharmacy, Birzeit University, West Bank, Palestine
| | | | - Johnny Stiban
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Birzeit University, West Bank, Palestine.
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4
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Wu J, Fan S, Feinberg D, Wang X, Jabbar S, Kang Y. Inhibition of Sphingosine Kinase 2 Results in PARK2-Mediated Mitophagy and Induces Apoptosis in Multiple Myeloma. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:3047-3063. [PMID: 36975444 PMCID: PMC10047154 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30030231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitophagy plays an important role in maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis by clearing damaged mitochondria. Sphingosine kinase 2 (SK2), a type of sphingosine kinase, is an important metabolic enzyme involved in generating sphingosine-1-phosphate. Its expression level is elevated in many cancers and is associated with poor clinical outcomes. However, the relationship between SK2 and mitochondrial dysfunction remains unclear. We found that the genetic downregulation of SK2 or treatment with ABC294640, a specific inhibitor of SK2, induced mitophagy and apoptosis in multiple myeloma cell lines. We showed that mitophagy correlates with apoptosis induction and likely occurs through the SET/PP2AC/PARK2 pathway, where inhibiting PP2AC activity may rescue this process. Furthermore, we found that PP2AC and PARK2 form a complex, suggesting that they might regulate mitophagy through protein-protein interactions. Our study demonstrates the important role of SK2 in regulating mitophagy and provides new insights into the mechanism of mitophagy in multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yubin Kang
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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5
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Tallima H, El Ridi R. Mechanisms of Arachidonic Acid In Vitro Tumoricidal Impact. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041727. [PMID: 36838715 PMCID: PMC9966399 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
To promote the potential of arachidonic acid (ARA) for cancer prevention and management, experiments were implemented to disclose the mechanisms of its tumoricidal action. Hepatocellular, lung, and breast carcinoma and normal hepatocytes cell lines were exposed to 0 or 50 μM ARA for 30 min and then assessed for proliferative capacity, surface membrane-associated sphingomyelin (SM) content, neutral sphingomyelinase (nSMase) activity, beta 2 microglobulin (β2 m) expression, and ceramide (Cer) levels. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) content and caspase 3/7 activity were evaluated. Exposure to ARA for 30 min led to impairment of the tumor cells' proliferative capacity and revealed that the different cell lines display remarkably similar surface membrane SM content but diverse responses to ARA treatment. Arachidonic acid tumoricidal impact was shown to be associated with nSMase activation, exposure of cell surface membrane β2 m to antibody binding, and hydrolysis of SM to Cer, which accumulated on the cell surface and in the cytosol. The ARA and Cer-mediated inhibition of tumor cell viability appeared to be independent of ROS generation or caspase 3/7 activation. The data were compared and contrasted to findings reported in the literature on ARA tumoricidal mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatem Tallima
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
- Correspondence:
| | - Rashika El Ridi
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
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6
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Calzada C, Vors C, Penhoat A, Cheillan D, Michalski MC. Role of circulating sphingolipids in lipid metabolism: Why dietary lipids matter. Front Nutr 2023; 9:1108098. [PMID: 36712523 PMCID: PMC9874159 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1108098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are structural components of cell membranes and lipoproteins but also act as signaling molecules in many pathophysiological processes. Although sphingolipids comprise a small part of the plasma lipidome, some plasma sphingolipids are recognized as implicated in the development of metabolic diseases and cardiovascular diseases. Plasma sphingolipids are mostly carried out into lipoproteins and may modulate their functional properties. Lipids ingested from the diet contribute to the plasma lipid pool besides lipids produced by the liver and released from the adipose tissue. Depending on their source, quality and quantity, dietary lipids may modulate sphingolipids both in plasma and lipoproteins. A few human dietary intervention studies investigated the impact of dietary lipids on circulating sphingolipids and lipid-related cardiovascular risk markers. On the one hand, dietary saturated fatty acids, mainly palmitic acid, may increase ceramide concentrations in plasma, triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and HDL. On the other hand, milk polar lipids may decrease some molecular species of sphingomyelins and ceramides in plasma and intestine-derived chylomicrons. Altogether, different dietary fatty acids and lipid species can modulate circulating sphingolipids vehicled by postprandial lipoproteins, which should be part of future nutritional strategies for prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Calzada
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Inserm U1060, INRAE UMR1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Pierre Bénite, France,*Correspondence: Catherine Calzada ✉
| | - Cécile Vors
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Inserm U1060, INRAE UMR1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Armelle Penhoat
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Inserm U1060, INRAE UMR1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - David Cheillan
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Inserm U1060, INRAE UMR1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Pierre Bénite, France,Service de Biochimie et de Biologie Moléculaire, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Marie-Caroline Michalski
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Inserm U1060, INRAE UMR1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Pierre Bénite, France
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7
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Yang J, Griffin A, Qiang Z, Ren J. Organelle-targeted therapies: a comprehensive review on system design for enabling precision oncology. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:379. [PMID: 36402753 PMCID: PMC9675787 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01243-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a major threat to human health. Among various treatment methods, precision therapy has received significant attention since the inception, due to its ability to efficiently inhibit tumor growth, while curtailing common shortcomings from conventional cancer treatment, leading towards enhanced survival rates. Particularly, organelle-targeted strategies enable precise accumulation of therapeutic agents in organelles, locally triggering organelle-mediated cell death signals which can greatly reduce the therapeutic threshold dosage and minimize side-effects. In this review, we comprehensively discuss history and recent advances in targeted therapies on organelles, specifically including nucleus, mitochondria, lysosomes and endoplasmic reticulum, while focusing on organelle structures, organelle-mediated cell death signal pathways, and design guidelines of organelle-targeted nanomedicines based on intervention mechanisms. Furthermore, a perspective on future research and clinical opportunities and potential challenges in precision oncology is presented. Through demonstrating recent developments in organelle-targeted therapies, we believe this article can further stimulate broader interests in multidisciplinary research and technology development for enabling advanced organelle-targeted nanomedicines and their corresponding clinic translations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Yang
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Institute of Nano and Biopolymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 201804 Shanghai, China
| | - Anthony Griffin
- grid.267193.80000 0001 2295 628XSchool of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA
| | - Zhe Qiang
- grid.267193.80000 0001 2295 628XSchool of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA
| | - Jie Ren
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Institute of Nano and Biopolymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 201804 Shanghai, China
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8
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Li RZ, Wang XR, Wang J, Xie C, Wang XX, Pan HD, Meng WY, Liang TL, Li JX, Yan PY, Wu QB, Liu L, Yao XJ, Leung ELH. The key role of sphingolipid metabolism in cancer: New therapeutic targets, diagnostic and prognostic values, and anti-tumor immunotherapy resistance. Front Oncol 2022; 12:941643. [PMID: 35965565 PMCID: PMC9364366 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.941643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biologically active sphingolipids are closely related to the growth, differentiation, aging, and apoptosis of cancer cells. Some sphingolipids, such as ceramides, are favorable metabolites in the sphingolipid metabolic pathway, usually mediating antiproliferative responses, through inhibiting cancer cell growth and migration, as well as inducing autophagy and apoptosis. However, other sphingolipids, such as S1P, play the opposite role, which induces cancer cell transformation, migration and growth and promotes drug resistance. There are also other sphingolipids, as well as enzymes, played potentially critical roles in cancer physiology and therapeutics. This review aimed to explore the important roles of sphingolipid metabolism in cancer. In this article, we summarized the role and value of sphingolipid metabolism in cancer, including the distribution of sphingolipids, the functions, and their relevance to cancer diagnosis and prognosis. We also summarized the known and potential antitumor targets present in sphingolipid metabolism, analyzed the correlation between sphingolipid metabolism and tumor immunity, and summarize the antitumor effects of natural compounds based on sphingolipids. Through the analysis and summary of sphingolipid antitumor therapeutic targets and immune correlation, we aim to provide ideas for the development of new antitumor drugs, exploration of new therapeutic means for tumors, and study of immunotherapy resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run-Ze Li
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Xuan-Run Wang
- Dr. Neher’s Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery/State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine/Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Oncology, Luzhou People’s Hospital, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Chun Xie
- Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Science, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
- MOE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Xing-Xia Wang
- Dr. Neher’s Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery/State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine/Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Hu-Dan Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Wei-Yu Meng
- Dr. Neher’s Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery/State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine/Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Tu-Liang Liang
- Dr. Neher’s Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery/State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine/Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Jia-Xin Li
- Dr. Neher’s Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery/State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine/Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Pei-Yu Yan
- Dr. Neher’s Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery/State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine/Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Qi-Biao Wu
- Dr. Neher’s Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery/State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine/Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Liang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Macao, Macao SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao-Jun Yao, ; Liang Liu, ; Elaine Lai-Han Leung,
| | - Xiao-Jun Yao
- Dr. Neher’s Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery/State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine/Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao-Jun Yao, ; Liang Liu, ; Elaine Lai-Han Leung,
| | - Elaine Lai-Han Leung
- Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Science, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
- MOE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
- Breast Surgery, Zhuhai Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhuhai, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao-Jun Yao, ; Liang Liu, ; Elaine Lai-Han Leung,
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Pashikanti S, Foster DJ, Kharel Y, Brown AM, Bevan DR, Lynch KR, Santos WL. Sphingosine Kinase 2 Inhibitors: Rigid Aliphatic Tail Derivatives Deliver Potent and Selective Analogues. ACS BIO & MED CHEM AU 2022; 2:469-489. [PMID: 36281302 PMCID: PMC9585524 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomedchemau.2c00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Sphingosine 1-phosphate
(S1P) is a pleiotropic signaling molecule
that interacts with five native G-protein coupled receptors (S1P1–5)
to regulate cell growth, survival, and proliferation. S1P has been
implicated in a variety of pathologies including cancer, kidney fibrosis,
and multiple sclerosis. As key mediators in the synthesis of S1P,
sphingosine kinase (SphK) isoforms 1 and 2 have attracted attention
as viable targets for pharmacologic intervention. In this report,
we describe the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of sphingosine
kinase 2 (SphK2) inhibitors with a focus on systematically introducing
rigid structures in the aliphatic lipid tail present in existing SphK2
inhibitors. Experimental as well as molecular modeling studies suggest
that conformationally restricted “lipophilic tail” analogues
bearing a bulky terminal moiety or an internal phenyl ring are useful
to complement the “J”-shaped sphingosine binding pocket
of SphK2. We identified 14c (SLP9101555) as a potent
SphK2 inhibitor (Ki = 90 nM) with 200-fold
selectivity over SphK1. Molecular docking studies indicated key interactions:
the cyclohexyl ring binding in the cleft deep in the pocket, a trifluoromethyl
group fitting in a small side cavity, and a hydrogen bond between
the guanidino group and Asp308 (amino acid numbering refers to human
SphK2 (isoform c) orthologue). In vitro studies using
U937 human histiocytic lymphoma cells showed marked decreases in extracellular
S1P levels in response to our SphK2 inhibitors. Administration of 14c (dose: 5 mg/kg) to mice resulted in a sustained increase
of circulating S1P levels, suggesting target engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinath Pashikanti
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Idaho State University, Pocatello, Idaho 83209, United States
| | - Daniel J. Foster
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
| | - Yugesh Kharel
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
| | - Anne M. Brown
- Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
| | - David R. Bevan
- Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
| | - Kevin R. Lynch
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
| | - Webster L. Santos
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
- Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
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10
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Rabionet M, Bernard P, Pichery M, Marsching C, Bayerle A, Dworski S, Kamani MA, Chitraju C, Gluchowski NL, Gabriel KR, Asadi A, Ebel P, Hoekstra M, Dumas S, Ntambi JM, Jacobsson A, Willecke K, Medin JA, Jonca N, Sandhoff R. Epidermal 1-O-acylceramides appear with the establishment of the water permeability barrier in mice and are produced by maturating keratinocytes. Lipids 2022; 57:183-195. [PMID: 35318678 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
1-O-Acylceramides (1-OACs) have a fatty acid esterified to the 1-hydroxyl of the sphingosine head group of the ceramide, and recently we identified these lipids as natural components of human and mouse epidermis. Here we show epidermal 1-OACs arise shortly before birth during the establishment of the water permeability barrier in mice. Fractionation of human epidermis indicates 1-OACs concentrate in the stratum corneum. During in vitro maturation into reconstructed human epidermis, human keratinocytes dramatically increase 1-OAC levels indicating they are one source of epidermal 1-OACs. In search of potential enzymes responsible for 1-OAC synthesis in vivo, we analyzed mutant mice with deficiencies of ceramide synthases (Cers2, Cers3, or Cers4), diacylglycerol acyltransferases (Dgat1 or Dgat2), elongase of very long fatty acids 3 (Elovl3), lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (Lcat), stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (Scd1), or acidic ceramidase (Asah1). Overall levels of 1-OACs did not decrease in any mouse model. In Cers3 and Dgat2-deficient epidermis they even increased in correlation with deficient skin barrier function. Dagt2 deficiency reshapes 1-OAC synthesis with an increase in 1-OACs with N-linked non-hydroxylated fatty acids and a 60% decrease compared to control in levels of 1-OACs with N-linked hydroxylated palmitate. As none of the single enzyme deficiencies we examined resulted in a lack of 1-OACs, we conclude that either there is functional redundancy in forming 1-OAC and more than one enzyme is involved, and/or an unknown acyltransferase of the epidermis performs the final step of 1-OAC synthesis, the implications of which are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariona Rabionet
- Lipid Pathobiochemistry Group, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pauline Bernard
- Infinity, Université Toulouse, CNRS, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Melanie Pichery
- Infinity, Université Toulouse, CNRS, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Christian Marsching
- Lipid Pathobiochemistry Group, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,Center for Applied Research in Biomedical Mass Spectrometry (ABIMAS), Mannheim, Germany.,Center for Mass Spectrometry and Optical Spectroscopy (CeMOS), Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany.,Instrumental Analytics and Bioanalytics, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Aline Bayerle
- Lipid Pathobiochemistry Group, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shaalee Dworski
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Chandramohan Chitraju
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nina L Gluchowski
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Katlyn R Gabriel
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Abolfazl Asadi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, The Arrhenius Laboratories, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Philipp Ebel
- Molecular Genetics, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Menno Hoekstra
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Sabrina Dumas
- Department of Nutritional sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - James M Ntambi
- Department of Nutritional sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Anders Jacobsson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, The Arrhenius Laboratories, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Klaus Willecke
- Molecular Genetics, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jeffrey A Medin
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Nathalie Jonca
- Infinity, Université Toulouse, CNRS, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France.,CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Purpan, Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Cytologie, Institut Fédératif de Biologie, Toulouse, France
| | - Roger Sandhoff
- Lipid Pathobiochemistry Group, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,Center for Applied Research in Biomedical Mass Spectrometry (ABIMAS), Mannheim, Germany
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11
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Elhady SS, Habib ES, Abdelhameed RFA, Goda MS, Hazem RM, Mehanna ET, Helal MA, Hosny KM, Diri RM, Hassanean HA, Ibrahim AK, Eltamany EE, Abdelmohsen UR, Ahmed SA. Anticancer Effects of New Ceramides Isolated from the Red Sea Red Algae Hypnea musciformis in a Model of Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma: LC-HRMS Analysis Profile and Molecular Modeling. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20010063. [PMID: 35049918 PMCID: PMC8778197 DOI: 10.3390/md20010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Different classes of phytochemicals were previously isolated from the Red Sea algae Hypnea musciformis as sterols, ketosteroids, fatty acids, and terpenoids. Herein, we report the isolation of three fatty acids-docosanoic acid 4, hexadecenoic acid 5, and alpha hydroxy octadecanoic acid 6-as well as three ceramides-A (1), B (2), and C (3)-with 9-methyl-sphinga-4,8-dienes and phytosphingosine bases. Additionally, different phytochemicals were determined using the liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-HRMS) technique. Ceramides A (1) and B (2) exhibited promising in vitro cytotoxic activity against the human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cell line when compared with doxorubicin as a positive control. Further in vivo study and biochemical estimation in a mouse model of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) revealed that both ceramides A (1) and B (2) at doses of 1 and 2 mg/kg, respectively, significantly decreased the tumor size in mice inoculated with EAC cells. The higher dose (2 mg/kg) of ceramide B (2) particularly expressed the most pronounced decrease in serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor -B (VEGF-B) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) markers, as well as the expression levels of the growth factor midkine in tumor tissue relative to the EAC control group. The highest expression of apoptotic factors, p53, Bax, and caspase 3 was observed in the same group that received 2 mg/kg of ceramide B (2). Molecular docking simulations suggested that ceramides A (1) and B (2) could bind in the deep grove between the H2 helix and the Ser240-P250 loop of p53, preventing its interaction with MDM2 and leading to its accumulation. In conclusion, this study reports the cytotoxic, apoptotic, and antiangiogenic effects of ceramides isolated from the Red Sea algae Hypnea musciformis in an experimental model of EAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameh S. Elhady
- Department of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Eman S. Habib
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt; (E.S.H.); (M.S.G.); (H.A.H.); (A.K.I.); (E.E.E.)
| | - Reda F. A. Abdelhameed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Galala University, New Galala 43713, Egypt;
| | - Marwa S. Goda
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt; (E.S.H.); (M.S.G.); (H.A.H.); (A.K.I.); (E.E.E.)
| | - Reem M. Hazem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt;
| | - Eman T. Mehanna
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed A. Helal
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, October Gardens, 6th of October, Giza 12578, Egypt;
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Khaled M. Hosny
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Reem M. Diri
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hashim A. Hassanean
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt; (E.S.H.); (M.S.G.); (H.A.H.); (A.K.I.); (E.E.E.)
| | - Amany K. Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt; (E.S.H.); (M.S.G.); (H.A.H.); (A.K.I.); (E.E.E.)
| | - Enas E. Eltamany
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt; (E.S.H.); (M.S.G.); (H.A.H.); (A.K.I.); (E.E.E.)
| | - Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt;
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, New Minia 61111, Egypt
| | - Safwat A. Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt; (E.S.H.); (M.S.G.); (H.A.H.); (A.K.I.); (E.E.E.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +20-010-92638387
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12
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Fisher-Wellman KH, Hagen JT, Kassai M, Kao LP, Nelson MAM, McLaughlin KL, Coalson HS, Fox TE, Tan SF, Feith DJ, Kester M, Loughran TP, Claxton DF, Cabot MC. Alterations in sphingolipid composition and mitochondrial bioenergetics represent synergistic therapeutic vulnerabilities linked to multidrug resistance in leukemia. FASEB J 2021; 36:e22094. [PMID: 34888943 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101194rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Modifications in sphingolipid (SL) metabolism and mitochondrial bioenergetics are key factors implicated in cancer cell response to chemotherapy, including chemotherapy resistance. In the present work, we utilized acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines, selected to be refractory to various chemotherapeutics, to explore the interplay between SL metabolism and mitochondrial biology supportive of multidrug resistance (MDR). In agreement with previous findings in cytarabine or daunorubicin resistant AML cells, relative to chemosensitive wildtype controls, HL-60 cells refractory to vincristine (HL60/VCR) presented with alterations in SL enzyme expression and lipidome composition. Such changes were typified by upregulated expression of various ceramide detoxifying enzymes, as well as corresponding shifts in ceramide, glucosylceramide, and sphingomyelin (SM) molecular species. With respect to mitochondria, despite consistent increases in both basal respiration and maximal respiratory capacity, direct interrogation of the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system revealed intrinsic deficiencies in HL60/VCR, as well as across multiple MDR model systems. Based on the apparent requirement for augmented SL and mitochondrial flux to support the MDR phenotype, we explored a combinatorial therapeutic paradigm designed to target each pathway. Remarkably, despite minimal cytotoxicity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), co-targeting SL metabolism, and respiratory complex I (CI) induced synergistic cytotoxicity consistently across multiple MDR leukemia models. Together, these data underscore the intimate connection between cellular sphingolipids and mitochondrial metabolism and suggest that pharmacological intervention across both pathways may represent a novel treatment strategy against MDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey H Fisher-Wellman
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, and the East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - James T Hagen
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, and the East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Miki Kassai
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Brody School of Medicine, and the East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Li-Pin Kao
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Brody School of Medicine, and the East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Margaret A M Nelson
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, and the East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kelsey L McLaughlin
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, and the East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hannah S Coalson
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, and the East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Todd E Fox
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Su-Fern Tan
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - David J Feith
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Mark Kester
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Thomas P Loughran
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - David F Claxton
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA.,Penn state Cancer Institute, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Myles C Cabot
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Brody School of Medicine, and the East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
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13
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Helesbeux JJ, Carro L, McCarthy FO, Moreira VM, Giuntini F, O’Boyle N, Matthews SE, Bayraktar G, Bertrand S, Rochais C, Marchand P. 29th Annual GP2A Medicinal Chemistry Conference. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14121278. [PMID: 34959677 PMCID: PMC8708472 DOI: 10.3390/ph14121278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The 29th Annual GP2A (Group for the Promotion of Pharmaceutical chemistry in Academia) Conference was a virtual event this year due to the COVID-19 pandemic and spanned three days from Wednesday 25 to Friday 27 August 2021. The meeting brought together an international delegation of researchers with interests in medicinal chemistry and interfacing disciplines. Abstracts of keynote lectures given by the 10 invited speakers, along with those of the 8 young researcher talks and the 50 flash presentation posters, are included in this report. Like previous editions, the conference was a real success, with high-level scientific discussions on cutting-edge advances in the fields of pharmaceutical chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Carro
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, UK;
| | - Florence O. McCarthy
- School of Chemistry, Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility, University College Cork, College Road, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland;
| | - Vânia M. Moreira
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Francesca Giuntini
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Byrom Street Campus, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK;
| | - Niamh O’Boyle
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panoz Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Susan E. Matthews
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK;
| | - Gülşah Bayraktar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Izmir 35100, Turkey;
| | - Samuel Bertrand
- Institut des Substances et Organismes de la Mer, ISOmer, Nantes Université, UR 2160, F-44000 Nantes, France;
| | - Christophe Rochais
- UNICAEN, CERMN (Centre d’Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie), Normandie Univ., F-14032 Caen, France;
| | - Pascal Marchand
- Cibles et Médicaments des Infections et du Cancer, IICiMed, Nantes Université, UR 1155, F-44000 Nantes, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-253-009-155
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14
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Bennett MK, Li M, Tea MN, Pitman MR, Toubia J, Wang PPS, Anderson D, Creek DJ, Orlowski RZ, Gliddon BL, Powell JA, Wallington-Beddoe CT, Pitson SM. Resensitising proteasome inhibitor-resistant myeloma with sphingosine kinase 2 inhibition. Neoplasia 2021; 24:1-11. [PMID: 34826777 PMCID: PMC8626806 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2021.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib into treatment regimens for myeloma has led to substantial improvement in patient survival. However, whilst bortezomib elicits initial responses in many myeloma patients, this haematological malignancy remains incurable due to the development of acquired bortezomib resistance. With other patients presenting with disease that is intrinsically bortezomib resistant, it is clear that new therapeutic approaches are desperately required to target bortezomib-resistant myeloma. We have previously shown that targeting sphingolipid metabolism with the sphingosine kinase 2 (SK2) inhibitor K145 in combination with bortezomib induces synergistic death of bortezomib-naïve myeloma. In the current study, we have demonstrated that targeting sphingolipid metabolism with K145 synergises with bortezomib and effectively resensitises bortezomib-resistant myeloma to this proteasome inhibitor. Notably, these effects were dependent on enhanced activation of the unfolded protein response, and were observed in numerous separate myeloma models that appear to have different mechanisms of bortezomib resistance, including a new bortezomib-resistant myeloma model we describe which possesses a clinically relevant proteasome mutation. Furthermore, K145 also displayed synergy with the next-generation proteasome inhibitor carfilzomib in bortezomib-resistant and carfilzomib-resistant myeloma cells. Together, these findings indicate that targeting sphingolipid metabolism via SK2 inhibition may be effective in combination with a broad spectrum of proteasome inhibitors in the proteasome inhibitor resistant setting, and is an approach worth clinical exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa K Bennett
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Bradley Building, North Tce, Adelaide SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Manjun Li
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Bradley Building, North Tce, Adelaide SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Melinda N Tea
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Bradley Building, North Tce, Adelaide SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Melissa R Pitman
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Bradley Building, North Tce, Adelaide SA, 5000, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA, 5000, Australia
| | - John Toubia
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Bradley Building, North Tce, Adelaide SA, 5000, Australia; ACRF Cancer Genomics Facility, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Paul P-S Wang
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Bradley Building, North Tce, Adelaide SA, 5000, Australia; ACRF Cancer Genomics Facility, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Dovile Anderson
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Darren J Creek
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robert Z Orlowski
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Briony L Gliddon
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Bradley Building, North Tce, Adelaide SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Jason A Powell
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Bradley Building, North Tce, Adelaide SA, 5000, Australia; Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Craig T Wallington-Beddoe
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Bradley Building, North Tce, Adelaide SA, 5000, Australia; Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA, 5000, Australia; College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park SA, 5042, Australia; Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park SA, 5042, Australia.
| | - Stuart M Pitson
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Bradley Building, North Tce, Adelaide SA, 5000, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA, 5000, Australia; Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA, 5000, Australia.
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15
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Companioni O, Mir C, Garcia-Mayea Y, LLeonart ME. Targeting Sphingolipids for Cancer Therapy. Front Oncol 2021; 11:745092. [PMID: 34737957 PMCID: PMC8560795 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.745092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are an extensive class of lipids with different functions in the cell, ranging from proliferation to cell death. Sphingolipids are modified in multiple cancers and are responsible for tumor proliferation, progression, and metastasis. Several inhibitors or activators of sphingolipid signaling, such as fenretinide, safingol, ABC294640, ceramide nanoliposomes (CNLs), SKI-II, α-galactosylceramide, fingolimod, and sonepcizumab, have been described. The objective of this review was to analyze the results from preclinical and clinical trials of these drugs for the treatment of cancer. Sphingolipid-targeting drugs have been tested alone or in combination with chemotherapy, exhibiting antitumor activity alone and in synergism with chemotherapy in vitro and in vivo. As a consequence of treatments, the most frequent mechanism of cell death is apoptosis, followed by autophagy. Aslthough all these drugs have produced good results in preclinical studies of multiple cancers, the outcomes of clinical trials have not been similar. The most effective drugs are fenretinide and α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer). In contrast, minor adverse effects restricted to a few subjects and hepatic toxicity have been observed in clinical trials of ABC294640 and safingol, respectively. In the case of CNLs, SKI-II, fingolimod and sonepcizumab there are some limitations and absence of enough clinical studies to demonstrate a benefit. The effectiveness or lack of a major therapeutic effect of sphingolipid modulation by some drugs as a cancer therapy and other aspects related to their mechanism of action are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osmel Companioni
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Mir
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yoelsis Garcia-Mayea
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Matilde E LLeonart
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Spanish Biomedical Research Network Center in Oncology, CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
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16
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Abstract
Since the inception of their profession, neurosurgeons have defined themselves as physicians with a surgical practice. Throughout time, neurosurgery has always taken advantage of technological advances to provide better and safer care for patients. In the ongoing precision medicine surge that drives patient-centric healthcare, neurosurgery strives to effectively embrace the era of data-driven medicine. Neuro-oncology best illustrates this convergence between surgery and precision medicine with the advent of molecular profiling, imaging and data analytics. This convenient convergence paves the way for new preventive, diagnostic, prognostic and targeted therapeutic perspectives. The prominent advances in healthcare and big data forcefully challenge the medical community to deeply rethink current and future medical practice. This work provides a historical perspective on neurosurgery. It also discusses the impact of the conceptual shift of precision medicine on neurosurgery through the lens of neuro-oncology.
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17
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Wang H, Zhang H, Zhu Y, Wu Z, Cui C, Cai F. Anticancer Mechanisms of Salinomycin in Breast Cancer and Its Clinical Applications. Front Oncol 2021; 11:654428. [PMID: 34381705 PMCID: PMC8350729 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.654428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequent cancer among women worldwide and is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women. Cancer cells with stem cell-like features and tumor-initiating potential contribute to drug resistance, tumor recurrence, and metastasis. To achieve better clinical outcomes, it is crucial to eradicate both bulk BC cells and breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs). Salinomycin, a monocarboxylic polyether antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces albus, can precisely kill cancer stem cells (CSCs), particularly BCSCs, by various mechanisms, including apoptosis, autophagy, and necrosis. There is increasing evidence that salinomycin can inhibit cell proliferation, invasion, and migration in BC and reverse the immune-inhibitory microenvironment to prevent tumor growth and metastasis. Therefore, salinomycin is a promising therapeutic drug for BC. In this review, we summarize established mechanisms by which salinomycin protects against BC and discuss its future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyi Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yihao Zhu
- Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhonghang Wu
- Department of Scientific Research, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunhong Cui
- Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Department of Scientific Research, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengfeng Cai
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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18
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Nduwumwami AJ, Hengst JA, Yun JK. Sphingosine kinase inhibition enhances dimerization of calreticulin at the cell surface in mitoxantrone-induced immunogenic cell death. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2021; 378:300-310. [PMID: 34158403 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.121.000629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Agents that induce immunogenic cell death (ICD) alter the cellular localization of calreticulin (CRT) causing it to become cell surface exposed within the plasma membrane lipid raft microdomain (ectoCRT) where it serves as a damage associated molecular pattern that elicits an antitumor immune response. We have identified the sphingolipid metabolic pathway as an integral component of the process of ectoCRT exposure. Inhibition of the sphingosine kinases (SphKs) enhances mitoxantrone-induced production of hallmarks of ICD including ectoCRT production, with an absolute mean difference of 40 MFI (95% CI: 19 to 62; P=0.0014) and 1.3 fold increase of ATP secretion with an absolute mean difference of 87 RLU (95% CI: 55 to 120; P<0.0001). Mechanistically, sphingosine kinase inhibition increases mitoxantrone-induced accumulation of ceramide species including C16:0 ceramide 2.8 fold with an absolute mean difference of 1.390 pmoles/nmoles Pi (95% CI: 0.798 to 1.983; P=0.0023). We further examined the localization of ectoCRT to the lipid raft microdomain and demonstrate that ectoCRT forms disulfide bridged dimers. Together, our findings suggest that ceramide accumulation impinges on the homeostatic function of the endoplasmic reticulum to induce ectoCRT exposure and that structural alterations of ectoCRT may underlie its immunogenicity. Our findings further suggest that inhibition of the SphKs may represent a means to enhance the therapeutic immunogenic efficacy of ICD-inducing agents while reducing overt toxicity/immunosuppressive effects by allowing for the modification of dosing regimens or directly lowering the dosages of ICD-inducing agents employed in therapeutic regimens. Significance Statement This study demonstrates that inhibition of sphingosine kinase enhances the mitoxantrone-induced cell surface exposure of a dimeric form of the normally endoplasmic reticulum resident chaperone calreticulin as part of the process of a unique form of regulated cell death termed immunogenic cell death. Importantly, inhibition of sphingosine kinase may represent a means to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of immunogenic cell death-inducing agents, such as mitoxantrone, while reducing their overt toxicity and immunosuppressive effects leading to better therapeutic outcomes for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asvelt J Nduwumwami
- Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, United States
| | - Jeremy A Hengst
- Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, United States
| | - Jong K Yun
- Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, United States
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19
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Rajendran KV, Neelakanta G, Sultana H. Sphingomyelinases in a journey to combat arthropod-borne pathogen transmission. FEBS Lett 2021; 595:1622-1638. [PMID: 33960414 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ixodes scapularis ticks feed on humans and other vertebrate hosts and transmit several pathogens of public health concern. Tick saliva is a complex mixture of bioactive proteins, lipids and immunomodulators, such as I. scapularis sphingomyelinase (IsSMase)-like protein, an ortholog of dermonecrotoxin SMase D found in the venom of Loxosceles spp. of spiders. IsSMase modulates the host immune response towards Th2, which suppresses Th1-mediated cytokines to facilitate pathogen transmission. Arboviruses utilize exosomes for their transmission from tick to the vertebrate host, and exosomes derived from tick saliva/salivary glands suppress C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 and interleukin-8 immune response(s) in human skin to delay wound healing and repair processes. IsSMase affects also viral replication and exosome biogenesis, thereby inhibiting tick-to-vertebrate host transmission of pathogenic exosomes. In this review, we elaborate on exosomes and their biogenesis as potential candidates for developing novel control measure(s) to combat tick-borne diseases. Such targets could help with the development of an efficient anti-tick vaccine for preventing the transmission of tick-borne pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kundave V Rajendran
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Girish Neelakanta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Hameeda Sultana
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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20
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Endolysosomal TRPMLs in Cancer. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11010065. [PMID: 33419007 PMCID: PMC7825278 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes, the degradative endpoints and sophisticated cellular signaling hubs, are emerging as intracellular Ca2+ stores that govern multiple cellular processes. Dys-homeostasis of lysosomal Ca2+ is intimately associated with a variety of human diseases including cancer. Recent studies have suggested that the Ca2+-permeable channels Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) Mucolipins (TRPMLs, TRPML1-3) integrate multiple processes of cell growth, division and metabolism. Dysregulation of TRPMLs activity has been implicated in cancer development. In this review, we provide a summary of the latest development of TRPMLs in cancer. The expression of TRPMLs in cancer, TRPMLs in cancer cell nutrient sensing, TRPMLs-mediated lysosomal exocytosis in cancer development, TRPMLs in TFEB-mediated gene transcription of cancer cells, TRPMLs in bacteria-related cancer development and TRPMLs-regulated antitumor immunity are discussed. We hope to guide readers toward a more in-depth discussion of the importance of lysosomal TRPMLs in cancer progression and other human diseases.
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21
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Karbasforooshan H, Hayes AW, Mohammadzadeh N, Zirak MR, Karimi G. The possible role of Sirtuins and microRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma therapy. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:3209-3221. [PMID: 33164623 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1843813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer. Sirtuins are NAD+-dependent histone deacetylases that regulate many cellular processes such as proliferation, apoptosis, and metabolism. SIRT (silent information regulator)-1, 5, 6 and 7, members of the mammalian Sirtuin family of proteins (SIRT1-SIRT7), are involved in carcinogenesis, prognosis, metastasis, and chemical resistant of HCC. These proteins act through the deacetylation of tumor suppressor or oncogenic factors. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of small non-coding RNAs that down regulate gene expression by targeting the 3'-untranslated region of miRNAs. MiRNAs can function as tumor suppressors or as oncogenes and are involved in progression, differentiation, apoptosis and drug resistance of tumor cells. The focus of this review is to delineate the relationship between some microRNAs and their target, Sirtuins, and to present an overview of their function in HCC as currently understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedyieh Karbasforooshan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad, Iran
| | - A Wallace Hayes
- University of South Florida College of Public Health , Tampa, FL, USA.,Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University , East Lansing, MI, USA
| | | | - Mohammad Reza Zirak
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad, Iran
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22
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Shaw JJP, Boyer TL, Venner E, Beck PJ, Slamowitz T, Caste T, Hickman A, Raymond MH, Costa-Pinheiro P, Jameson MJ, Fox TE, Kester M. Inhibition of Lysosomal Function Mitigates Protective Mitophagy and Augments Ceramide Nanoliposome-Induced Cell Death in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2020; 19:2621-2633. [PMID: 33087509 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Therapies for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are, at best, moderately effective, underscoring the need for new therapeutic strategies. Ceramide treatment leads to cell death as a consequence of mitochondrial damage by generating oxidative stress and causing mitochondrial permeability. However, HNSCC cells are able to resist cell death through mitochondria repair via mitophagy. Through the use of the C6-ceramide nanoliposome (CNL) to deliver therapeutic levels of bioactive ceramide, we demonstrate that the effects of CNL are mitigated in drug-resistant HNSCC via an autophagic/mitophagic response. We also demonstrate that inhibitors of lysosomal function, including chloroquine (CQ), significantly augment CNL-induced death in HNSCC cell lines. Mechanistically, the combination of CQ and CNL results in dysfunctional lysosomal processing of damaged mitochondria. We further demonstrate that exogenous addition of methyl pyruvate rescues cells from CNL + CQ-dependent cell death by restoring mitochondrial functionality via the reduction of CNL- and CQ-induced generation of reactive oxygen species and mitochondria permeability. Taken together, inhibition of late-stage protective autophagy/mitophagy augments the efficacy of CNL through preventing mitochondrial repair. Moreover, the combination of inhibitors of lysosomal function with CNL may provide an efficacious treatment modality for HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy J P Shaw
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Timothy L Boyer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Emily Venner
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Patrick J Beck
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Tristen Slamowitz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Tara Caste
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Alexandra Hickman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Michael H Raymond
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | | | - Mark J Jameson
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Todd E Fox
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Mark Kester
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia. .,Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
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23
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Miano M, Madeo A, Cappelli E, Lanza F, Lanza T, Stroppiano M, Terranova P, Venè R, Bleesing JJH, Di Rocco M. Defective FAS-Mediated Apoptosis and Immune Dysregulation in Gaucher Disease. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2020; 8:3535-3542. [PMID: 32702516 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.06.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gaucher disease (GD) is a rare disorder characterized by defective function of β-glucocerebrosidase, which leads to progressive accumulation of its substrate in various organs, particularly the mononuclear phagocyte system. Hepatosplenomegaly and cytopenia represent the disease's most common features, but patients with GD also show hyperinflammation, hypergammaglobulinemia, and immune dysregulation involving B, T, and natural killer cells. As clinical phenotype can be underhand, symptoms can overlap with autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS) or other ALPS-like disorders. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the ALPS-like immunological pattern and apoptosis function in patients with GD. METHODS We evaluated lymphocyte subsets and immunophenotypic and serological features of ALPS (double-negative T cells [DNTs], B220+DNTs, CD27+, T-reg/HLA-DR ratio, IL-10, IL-18, vitamin B12) in a population of patients with GD. Moreover, we tested FAS/TRAIL-induced apoptosis and CASP8/CASP10/PARP function in patients showing an immune-dysregulation pattern. RESULTS A total of 41 patients (33 treated, 8 treatment-naïve) were studied. Nine (21%) and 7 (17%) of 41 patients had high DNT and B220+DNT counts, respectively. Overall, 10 of 41(24%) patients showed immunological features suggestive of ALPS that were more frequent in treatment-naïve subjects (P = .040 vs P = .031) and in those with early onset of the disease (P = .046 vs P = .011), respectively. FAS-induced apoptosis and caspase activation were further evaluated in these 10 patients and were found to be defective in 7 of them. CONCLUSIONS We show that patients with GD may have ALPS-like features and FAS-mediated apoptosis defects that are more pronounced in treatment-naïve subjects and in patients with early onset of the disease. Therefore, diagnostic workup of patients with an ALPS-like phenotype should include screening for GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Miano
- Hematology Unit, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Annalisa Madeo
- Unit of Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Enrico Cappelli
- Hematology Unit, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Federica Lanza
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Biobanks, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Tiziana Lanza
- Hematology Unit, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marina Stroppiano
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Biobanks, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paola Terranova
- Hematology Unit, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Roberta Venè
- Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Jack J H Bleesing
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiencies, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Maja Di Rocco
- Unit of Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy.
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24
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Roy S, Mahapatra AD, Mohammad T, Gupta P, Alajmi MF, Hussain A, Rehman MT, Datta B, Hassan MI. Design and Development of Novel Urea, Sulfonyltriurea, and Sulfonamide Derivatives as Potential Inhibitors of Sphingosine Kinase 1. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:E118. [PMID: 32526899 PMCID: PMC7346089 DOI: 10.3390/ph13060118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) is one of the well-studied drug targets for cancer and inflammatory diseases. Recently discovered small-molecule inhibitors of SphK1 have been recommended in cancer therapeutics; however, selectivity and potency of first-generation inhibitors are great challenge. In search of effective SphK1 inhibitors, a set of small molecules have been designed and synthesized bearing urea, sulfonylurea, sulfonamide, and sulfonyltriurea groups. The binding affinity of these inhibitors was measured by fluorescence-binding assay and isothermal titration calorimetry. Compounds 1, 5, 6, and 7 showed an admirable binding affinity to the SphK1 in the sub-micromolar range and significantly inhibited SphK1 activity with admirable IC50 values. Molecular docking studies revealed that these compounds fit well into the sphingosine binding pocket of SphK1 and formed significant number of hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions. These molecules may be exploited as potent and selective inhibitors of SphK1 that could be implicated in cancer therapeutics after the required in vivo validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonam Roy
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India; (S.R.); (T.M.); (P.G.)
| | - Amarjyoti Das Mahapatra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India;
| | - Taj Mohammad
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India; (S.R.); (T.M.); (P.G.)
| | - Preeti Gupta
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India; (S.R.); (T.M.); (P.G.)
| | - Mohamed F. Alajmi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.F.A.); (A.H.); (M.T.R.)
| | - Afzal Hussain
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.F.A.); (A.H.); (M.T.R.)
| | - Md. Tabish Rehman
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.F.A.); (A.H.); (M.T.R.)
| | - Bhaskar Datta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India;
| | - Md. Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India; (S.R.); (T.M.); (P.G.)
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25
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Bayerle A, Marsching C, Rabionet M, Dworski S, Kamani MA, Chitraju C, Gluchowski NL, Gabriel KR, Herzer S, Jennemann R, Levade T, Medin JA, Sandhoff R. Endogenous levels of 1-O-acylceramides increase upon acidic ceramidase deficiency and decrease due to loss of Dgat1 in a tissue-dependent manner. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158741. [PMID: 32474112 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Except for epidermis and liver, little is known about endogenous expression of 1-O-acylceramides (1-OACs) in mammalian tissue. Therefore, we screened several organs (brain, lung, liver, spleen, lymph nodes, heart, kidney, thymus, small intestine, and colon) from mice for the presence of 1-OACs by LC-MS2. In most organs, low levels of about 0.25-1.3 pmol 1-OACs/mg wet weight were recorded. Higher levels were detected in liver, small and large intestines, with about 4-13 pmol 1-OACs/mg wet weight. 1-OACs were esterified mainly with palmitic, stearic, or oleic acids. Esterification with saturated very long-chain fatty acids, as in epidermis, was not observed. Western-type diet induced 3-fold increased 1-OAC levels in mice livers while ceramides were unaltered. In a mouse model of Farber disease with a decrease of acid ceramidase activity, we observed a strong, up to 50-fold increase of 1-OACs in lung, thymus, and spleen. In contrast, 1-OAC levels were reduced 0.54-fold in liver. Only in lung 1-OAC levels correlated to changes in ceramide levels - indicating tissue-specific mechanisms of regulation. Glucosylceramide synthase deficiency in liver did not cause changes in 1-OAC or ceramide levels, whereas increased ceramide levels in glucosylceramide synthase-deficient small intestine caused an increase in 1-OAC levels. Deficiency of Dgat1 in mice resulted in a reduction of 1-OACs to 30% in colon, but not in small intestine and liver, going along with constant free ceramides levels. From these data, we conclude that Dgat1 as well as lysosomal lipid metabolism contribute in vivo to homeostatic 1-OAC levels in an organ-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Bayerle
- Lipid Pathobiochemistry Group, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Marsching
- Lipid Pathobiochemistry Group, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Center for Applied Research in Biomedical Mass Spectrometry (ABIMAS), Mannheim, Germany; Instrumental Analytics and Bioanalytics, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany; Center for Mass Spectrometry and Optical Spectroscopy (CeMOS), Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Mariona Rabionet
- Lipid Pathobiochemistry Group, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shaalee Dworski
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Chandramohan Chitraju
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nina L Gluchowski
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katlyn R Gabriel
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Silke Herzer
- Lipid Pathobiochemistry Group, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Richard Jennemann
- Lipid Pathobiochemistry Group, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thierry Levade
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Métabolique, Institut Fédératif de Biologie, CHU Purpan, INSERM UMR1037 CRCT, Toulouse, France
| | - Jeffrey A Medin
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Roger Sandhoff
- Lipid Pathobiochemistry Group, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Center for Applied Research in Biomedical Mass Spectrometry (ABIMAS), Mannheim, Germany.
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26
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Tea MN, Poonnoose SI, Pitson SM. Targeting the Sphingolipid System as a Therapeutic Direction for Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12010111. [PMID: 31906280 PMCID: PMC7017054 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most commonly diagnosed malignant brain tumor in adults. The prognosis for patients with GBM remains poor and largely unchanged over the last 30 years, due to the limitations of existing therapies. Thus, new therapeutic approaches are desperately required. Sphingolipids are highly enriched in the brain, forming the structural components of cell membranes, and are major lipid constituents of the myelin sheaths of nerve axons, as well as playing critical roles in cell signaling. Indeed, a number of sphingolipids elicit a variety of cellular responses involved in the development and progression of GBM. Here, we discuss the role of sphingolipids in the pathobiology of GBM, and how targeting sphingolipid metabolism has emerged as a promising approach for the treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda N. Tea
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, UniSA CRI Building, North Tce, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia;
| | - Santosh I. Poonnoose
- Department of Neurosurgery, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia;
| | - Stuart M. Pitson
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, UniSA CRI Building, North Tce, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia;
- Adelaide Medical School and School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-8-8302-7832; Fax: +61-8-8302-9246
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Kelch-like protein 5-mediated ubiquitination of lysine 183 promotes proteasomal degradation of sphingosine kinase 1. Biochem J 2019; 476:3211-3226. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Sphingosine kinase 1 (SK1) is a signalling enzyme that catalyses the phosphorylation of sphingosine to generate the bioactive lipid sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). A number of SK1 inhibitors and chemotherapeutics can induce the degradation of SK1, with the loss of this pro-survival enzyme shown to significantly contribute to the anti-cancer properties of these agents. Here we define the mechanistic basis for this degradation of SK1 in response to SK1 inhibitors, chemotherapeutics, and in natural protein turnover. Using an inducible SK1 expression system that enables the degradation of pre-formed SK1 to be assessed independent of transcriptional or translational effects, we found that SK1 was degraded primarily by the proteasome since several proteasome inhibitors blocked SK1 degradation, while lysosome, cathepsin B or pan caspase inhibitors had no effect. Importantly, we demonstrate that this proteasomal degradation of SK1 was enabled by its ubiquitination at Lys183 that appears facilitated by SK1 inhibitor-induced conformational changes in the structure of SK1 around this residue. Furthermore, using yeast two-hybrid screening, we identified Kelch-like protein 5 (KLHL5) as an important protein adaptor linking SK1 to the cullin 3 (Cul3) ubiquitin ligase complex. Notably, knockdown of KLHL5 or Cul3, use of a cullin inhibitor or a dominant-negative Cul3 all attenuated SK1 degradation. Collectively this data demonstrates the KLHL5/Cul3-based E3 ubiquitin ligase complex is important for regulation of SK1 protein stability via Lys183 ubiquitination, in response to SK1 inhibitors, chemotherapy and for normal SK1 protein turnover.
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28
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Targeting sphingosine kinase 1 for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Future Med Chem 2019; 11:2939-2953. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2019-0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), characterized by high morbidity and mortality, is a serious hazard to human life. Until now, the long-term survival of the PAH patients is still suboptimal. Recently, sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1) has drawn more and more attention due to its essential role in the pulmonary vasoconstriction, remodeling of pulmonary blood vessels and right cardiac lesions in PAH patients, and this enzyme is regarded as a new target for the treatment of PAH. Here, we discussed the multifarious functions of SPHK1 in PAH physiology and pathogenesis. Moreover, the structural features of SPHK1 and binding modes with different inhibitors were summarized. Finally, recent advances in the medicinal chemistry research of SPHK1 inhibitors are presented.
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29
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La Corte E, Dei Cas M, Raggi A, Patanè M, Broggi M, Schiavolin S, Calatozzolo C, Pollo B, Pipolo C, Bruzzone MG, Campisi G, Paroni R, Ghidoni R, Ferroli P. Long and Very-Long-Chain Ceramides Correlate with A More Aggressive Behavior in Skull Base Chordoma Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184480. [PMID: 31514293 PMCID: PMC6769603 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skull base chordomas are rare tumors arising from notochord. Sphingolipids analysis is a promising approach in molecular oncology, and it has never been applied in chordomas. Our aim is to investigate chordoma behavior and the role of ceramides. METHODS Ceramides were extracted and evaluated by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry in a cohort of patients with a skull base chordoma. Clinical data were also collected and correlated with ceramide levels. Linear regression and correlation analyses were conducted. RESULTS Analyzing the association between ceramides level and MIB-1, total ceramides and dihydroceramides showed a strong association (r = 0.7257 and r = 0.6733, respectively) with MIB-1 staining (p = 0.0033 and p = 0.0083, respectively). Among the single ceramide species, Cer C24:1 (r = 0.8814, p ≤ 0.0001), DHCer C24:1 (r = 0.8429, p = 0.0002) and DHCer C18:0 (r = 0.9426, p ≤ 0.0001) showed a significant correlation with MIB-1. CONCLUSION Our lipid analysis showed ceramides to be promising tumoral biomarkers in skull base chordomas. Long- and very-long-chain ceramides, such as Cer C24:1 and DHCer C24:1, may be related to a prolonged tumor survival and aggressiveness, and the understanding of their effective biological role will hopefully shed light on the mechanisms of chordoma radio-resistance, tendency to recur, and use of agents targeting ceramide metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele La Corte
- PhD School in Molecular and Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico "Carlo Besta", 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Dei Cas
- PhD School in Molecular and Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy
- Clinical Biochemistry and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Raggi
- Neurology, Public Health and Disability Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico "Carlo Besta", 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Patanè
- Neuropathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico "Carlo Besta", 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Morgan Broggi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico "Carlo Besta", 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Schiavolin
- Neurology, Public Health and Disability Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico "Carlo Besta", 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Calatozzolo
- Neuropathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico "Carlo Besta", 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Bianca Pollo
- Neuropathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico "Carlo Besta", 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Carlotta Pipolo
- Otolaryngology Unit, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Bruzzone
- Neuroradiology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico "Carlo Besta", 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Campisi
- PhD School in Molecular and Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy
- Clinical Biochemistry and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Rita Paroni
- Clinical Biochemistry and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Ghidoni
- PhD School in Molecular and Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy.
- Clinical Biochemistry and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy.
| | - Paolo Ferroli
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico "Carlo Besta", 20133 Milan, Italy
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Lemay AM, Courtemanche O, Couttas TA, Jamsari G, Gagné A, Bossé Y, Joubert P, Don AS, Marsolais D. High FA2H and UGT8 transcript levels predict hydroxylated hexosylceramide accumulation in lung adenocarcinoma. J Lipid Res 2019; 60:1776-1786. [PMID: 31409741 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m093955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer causes more deaths than any other cancer. Sphingolipids encompass metabolically interconnected species whose balance has pivotal effects on proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. In this study, we paralleled quantification of sphingolipid species with quantitative (q)PCR analyses of metabolic enzymes in order to identify dysregulated routes of sphingolipid metabolism in different subtypes of lung cancers. Lung samples were submitted to histopathological reexamination in order to confirm cancer type/subtype, which included adenocarcinoma histological subtypes and squamous cell and neuroendocrine carcinomas. Compared with benign lesions and tumor-free parenchyma, all cancers featured decreased sphingosine-1-phosphate and SMs. qPCR analyses evidenced differential mechanisms leading to these alterations between cancer types, with neuroendocrine carcinomas upregulating SGPL1, but CERT1 being downregulated in adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas. 2-Hydroxyhexosylceramides (2-hydroxyHexCers) were specifically increased in adenocarcinomas. While UDP-glycosyltransferase 8 (UGT8) transcript levels were increased in all cancer subtypes, fatty acid 2-hydroxylase (FA2H) levels were higher in adenocarcinomas than in squamous and neuroendocrine carcinomas. As a whole, we report differing mechanisms through which all forms of lung cancer achieve low SM and lysosphingolipids. Our results also demonstrate that FA2H upregulation is required for the accumulation of 2-hydroxyHexCers in lung cancers featuring high levels of UGT8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Lemay
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Olivier Courtemanche
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Timothy A Couttas
- Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia.,Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Giuleta Jamsari
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Andréanne Gagné
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Yohan Bossé
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada.,Departments of Molecular Medicine, Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Philippe Joubert
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada.,Pathology, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Anthony S Don
- Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia.,Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.,National Health and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - David Marsolais
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada .,Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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31
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Cells to Surgery Quiz: August 2019. J Invest Dermatol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.06.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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32
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Bennett MK, Wallington-Beddoe CT, Pitson SM. Sphingolipids and the unfolded protein response. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1864:1483-1494. [PMID: 31176037 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a response by the endoplasmic reticulum to stress, classically caused by any disruption to cell homeostasis that results in an accumulation in unfolded proteins. However, there is an increasing body of research demonstrating that the UPR can also be activated by changes in lipid homeostasis, including changes in sphingolipid metabolism. Sphingolipids are a family of bioactive lipids with important roles in both the formation and integrity of cellular membranes, and regulation of key cellular processes, including cell proliferation and apoptosis. Bi-directional interactions between sphingolipids and the UPR have now been observed in a range of diseases, including cancer, diabetes and liver disease. Determining how these two key cellular components influence each other could play an important role in deciphering the causes of these diseases and potentially reveal new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa K Bennett
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, UniSA CRI Building, North Tce, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Craig T Wallington-Beddoe
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, UniSA CRI Building, North Tce, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia; College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Stuart M Pitson
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, UniSA CRI Building, North Tce, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
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33
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Govindarajah N, Clifford R, Bowden D, Sutton PA, Parsons JL, Vimalachandran D. Sphingolipids and acid ceramidase as therapeutic targets in cancer therapy. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2019; 138:104-111. [PMID: 31092365 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2019.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sphingolipids have been shown to play a key part in cancer cell growth and death and have increasingly become the subject of novel anti-cancer therapies. Acid ceramidase, a sphingolipid enzyme, has an important role in the regulation of apoptosis. In this review we aim to assess the current evidence supporting the role of sphingolipids in cancer and the potential role that acid ceramidase may play in cancer treatment. METHODS A literature search was performed for published full text articles using the PubMed, Cochrane and Scopus databases using the search criteria string "acid ceramidase", "sphingolipid", "cancer". Additional papers were detected by scanning the references of relevant papers. A summary of the evidence for each cancer subgroup was then formed. Given the nature of the data extracted, no meta-analysis was performed. RESULTS Over expression of acid ceramidase has been demonstrated in a number of human cancers. In vitro data demonstrate that manipulation of acid ceramidase may present a useful therapeutic target. In the clinical setting, a number of drugs have been investigated with the ability to target acid ceramidase, with the most promising of those being small molecular inhibitors, such as LCL521. CONCLUSION The role of the sphingolipid pathway in cancer is becoming very clearly established by promoting ceramide accumulation in response to cancer or cellular stress. Acid ceramidase is over expressed in a variety of cancers and has a role as a potential target for inhibition by novel specific inhibitors or off-target effects of traditional anti-cancer agents. Further work is required to develop acid ceramidase inhibitors safe for progression to clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Govindarajah
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of General Surgery, The Countess of Chester Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Chester, United Kingdom
| | - R Clifford
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of General Surgery, The Countess of Chester Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Chester, United Kingdom
| | - D Bowden
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of General Surgery, The Countess of Chester Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Chester, United Kingdom
| | - P A Sutton
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of General Surgery, The Countess of Chester Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Chester, United Kingdom
| | - J L Parsons
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - D Vimalachandran
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of General Surgery, The Countess of Chester Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Chester, United Kingdom.
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34
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Ferdouse J, Miyagawa M, Hirano M, Kitajima Y, Inaba S, Kitagaki H. A new method for determining the mycelial weight of the koji-mold Aspergillus oryzae by measuring its glycosylceramide content. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2019; 65:34-38. [PMID: 29925746 DOI: 10.2323/jgam.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
At present, the quantitation of the mycelial weight of the industrially important non-pathogenic fungus Aspergillus oryzae, which is used for manufacturing koji, is performed by quantitating N-acetylglucosamine. However, since N-acetylglucosamine is a cell wall component, the extraction procedure is costly and tedious, and its quantitative performance is poor. Here, we report a novel method for the quantitation of A. oryzae mycelial weight. The amount of glycosylceramide significantly correlated with both the mycelial weight of A. oryzae and the amount of N-acetylglucosamine, an established index of the mycelial weight of A. oryzae in koji. This new method is simple and efficient and can be used in the brewing and food industries to determine the mycelial weight of A. oryzae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannatul Ferdouse
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University.,Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University
| | - Miyuki Miyagawa
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University
| | - Mikako Hirano
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University
| | - Yuka Kitajima
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University
| | - Shigeki Inaba
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University
| | - Hiroshi Kitagaki
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University.,Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University
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Pharmacological Inhibition of Serine Palmitoyl Transferase and Sphingosine Kinase-1/-2 Inhibits Merkel Cell Carcinoma Cell Proliferation. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 139:807-817. [PMID: 30399362 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The majority of Merkel cell carcinoma, a highly aggressive neuroendocrine cancer of the skin, is associated with Merkel cell polyomavirus infection. Polyomavirus binding, internalization, and infection are mediated by glycosphingolipids. Besides receptor function, bioactive sphingolipids are increasingly recognized as potent regulators of several hallmarks of cancer. Merkel cell polyomavirus+ and Merkel cell polyomavirus- cells express serine palmitoyl transferase subunits and sphingosine kinase (SK) 1/2 mRNA. Induced expression of Merkel cell polyomavirus-large tumor antigen in human lung fibroblasts resulted in upregulation of SPTLC1-3 and SK 1/2 expression. Therefore, we exploited pharmacological inhibition of sphingolipid metabolism as an option to interfere with proliferation of Merkel cell polyomavirus+ Merkel cell carcinoma cell lines. We used myriocin (a serine palmitoyl transferase antagonist) and two SK inhibitors (SKI-II and ABC294640). In MKL-1 and WaGa cells myriocin decreased cellular ceramide, sphingomyelin, and sphingosine-1-phosphate content. SKI-II increased ceramide species but decreased sphingomyelin and sphingosine-1-phosphate concentrations. Aberrant sphingolipid homeostasis was associated with reduced cell viability, increased necrosis, procaspase-3 and PARP processing, caspase-3 activity, and decreased AKTS473 phosphorylation. Myriocin and SKI-II decreased tumor size and Ki-67 staining of xenografted MKL-1 and WaGa tumors on the chorioallantoic membrane. Our data suggest that pharmacological inhibition of sphingolipid synthesis could represent a potential therapeutic approach in Merkel cell carcinoma.
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36
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Maczis MA, Maceyka M, Waters MR, Newton J, Singh M, Rigsby MF, Turner TH, Alzubi MA, Harrell JC, Milstien S, Spiegel S. Sphingosine kinase 1 activation by estrogen receptor α36 contributes to tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer. J Lipid Res 2018; 59:2297-2307. [PMID: 30315000 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m085191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In breast cancer, 17β-estradiol (E2) plays critical roles mainly by binding to its canonical receptor, estrogen receptor (ER) α66, and eliciting genomic effects. E2 also triggers rapid, nongenomic responses. E2 activates sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1), increasing sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) that binds to its receptors, leading to important breast cancer signaling. However, the E2 receptor responsible for SphK1 activation has not yet been identified. Here, we demonstrate in triple-negative breast cancer cells, which lack the canonical ERα66 but express the novel splice variant ERα36, that ERα36 is the receptor responsible for E2-induced activation of SphK1 and formation and secretion of S1P and dihydro-S1P, the ligands for S1PRs. Tamoxifen, the first-line endocrine therapy for breast cancer, is an antagonist of ERα66, but an agonist of ERα36, and, like E2, activates SphK1 and markedly increases secretion of S1P. A major problem with tamoxifen therapy is development of acquired resistance. We found that tamoxifen resistance correlated with increased SphK1 and ERα36 expression in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells, in patient-derived xenografts, and in endocrine-resistant breast cancer patients. Our data also indicate that targeting this ERα36 and SphK1 axis may be a therapeutic option to circumvent endocrine resistance and improve patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Maczis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyVirginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Michael Maceyka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyVirginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Michael R Waters
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyVirginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Jason Newton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyVirginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Manjulata Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyVirginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Madisyn F Rigsby
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyVirginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Tia H Turner
- Department of Pathology and the Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Mohammad A Alzubi
- Department of Pathology and the Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - J Chuck Harrell
- Department of Pathology and the Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Sheldon Milstien
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyVirginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Sarah Spiegel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyVirginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298
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Lysosomal acid ceramidase ASAH1 controls the transition between invasive and proliferative phenotype in melanoma cells. Oncogene 2018; 38:1282-1295. [PMID: 30254208 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0500-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Phenotypic plasticity and subsequent generation of intratumoral heterogeneity underly key traits in malignant melanoma such as drug resistance and metastasis. Melanoma plasticity promotes a switch between proliferative and invasive phenotypes characterized by different transcriptional programs of which MITF is a critical regulator. Here, we show that the acid ceramidase ASAH1, which controls sphingolipid metabolism, acted as a rheostat of the phenotypic switch in melanoma cells. Low ASAH1 expression was associated with an invasive behavior mediated by activation of the integrin alphavbeta5-FAK signaling cascade. In line with that, human melanoma biopsies revealed heterogeneous staining of ASAH1 and low ASAH1 expression at the melanoma invasive front. We also identified ASAH1 as a new target of MITF, thereby involving MITF in the regulation of sphingolipid metabolism. Together, our findings provide new cues to the mechanisms underlying the phenotypic plasticity of melanoma cells and identify new anti-metastatic targets.
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38
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Kreitzburg KM, van Waardenburg RCAM, Yoon KJ. Sphingolipid metabolism and drug resistance in ovarian cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 1:181-197. [PMID: 31891125 PMCID: PMC6936734 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2018.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite progress in understanding molecular aberrations that contribute to the development and progression of ovarian cancer, virtually all patients succumb to drug resistant disease at relapse. Emerging data implicate bioactive sphingolipids and regulation of sphingolipid metabolism as components of response to chemotherapy or development of resistance. Increases in cytosolic ceramide induce apoptosis in response to therapy with multiple classes of chemotherapeutic agents. Aberrations in sphingolipid metabolism that accelerate the catabolism of ceramide or that prevent the production and accumulation of ceramide contribute to resistance to standard of care platinum- and taxane-based agents. The aim of this review is to highlight current literature and research investigating the influence of the sphingolipids and enzymes that comprise the sphingosine-1-phosphate pathway on the progression of ovarian cancer. The focus of the review is on the utility of sphingolipid-centric therapeutics as a mechanism to circumvent drug resistance in this tumor type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M Kreitzburg
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | | | - Karina J Yoon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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39
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Huang C, Tu Y, Freter CE. Fludarabine-resistance associates with ceramide metabolism and leukemia stem cell development in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Oncotarget 2018; 9:33124-33137. [PMID: 30237856 PMCID: PMC6145702 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Fludarabine (flu) -containing regimens such as flu, cyclophosphamide and rituximab have been established as one of the standard first line therapy in medically-fit chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients. Therefore, flu-refractory (primary flu-insensitivity or flu-caused relapse) remains a major problem causing treatment failure for CLL patients. We isolated the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from CLL patients and treated with flu to find flu-refractory cases, and established flu-resistant clonal cells to study molecular mechanism of flu-resistance. By comparing parental MEC-2 cells, a human CLL cell line, we found that flu-resistant clonal cells were significantly increased lethal dose 50 of flu concentration, and up-regulated expression of P-glycoprotein, a drug-resistant marker, glucosylceramide synthase (GCS), an enzyme that can convert ceramide to glucosylceramide, and CD34, a leukemia stem cell marker. Overexpression of GCS leads to promptly elimination of cellular ceramide levels and accumulation of glucosylceramide, which reduces apoptosis and promotes survival and proliferation of flu-resistant clonal cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the accumulation of glucosylceramide can be blocked by PDMP to restore flu-sensitivity in flu-resistant clonal cells. We also found that elevating glucosylceramide levels in flu-resistant clonal cells was associated with up-regulation of GCS and CD34 expression. Importantly, overexpression of GCS or CD34 was also determined in flu-refractory PBMCs. Our results show that flu-resistance is associated with the alteration of ceramide metabolism and the development of leukemia stem cell-like cells. The flu-resistance can be reversed by GCS inhibition as a novel strategy for overcoming drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunfa Huang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Yifan Tu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Carl E Freter
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
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40
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Viswanathan G, Jafurulla M, Kumar GA, Raghunand TR, Chattopadhyay A. Macrophage sphingolipids are essential for the entry of mycobacteria. Chem Phys Lipids 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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41
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Targeting sphingolipid metabolism as an approach for combination therapies in haematological malignancies. Cell Death Discov 2018; 4:72. [PMID: 30062053 PMCID: PMC6060109 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-018-0075-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional chemotherapy-based drug combinations have, until recently, been the backbone of most therapeutic strategies for cancer. In a time of emerging rationale drug development, targeted therapies are beginning to be added to traditional chemotherapeutics to synergistically enhance clinical responses. Of note, the importance of pro-apoptotic ceramide in mediating the anti-cancer effects of these therapies is becoming more apparent. Furthermore, reduced cellular ceramide in favour of pro-survival sphingolipids correlates with tumorigenesis and most importantly, drug resistance. Thus, agents that manipulate sphingolipid metabolism have been explored as potential anti-cancer agents and have recently demonstrated exciting potential to augment the efficacy of anti-cancer therapeutics. This review examines the biology underpinning these observations and the potential use of sphingolipid manipulating agents in the context of existing and emerging therapies for haematological malignancies. • Efficacy of many chemotherapeutics and targeted therapies is dictated by cellular ceramide levels. • Oncogene activation skews sphingolipid metabolism to favour the production of pro-survival sphingolipids. • Inhibitors of enzymes involved in ceramide metabolism exhibit promise in the relapsed-refractory setting. • Anti-cancer activity of sphingosine kinase inhibitors provides several options for new drug combinations. Open Questions • What other clinically utilised drugs rely on increases in ceramide levels for their efficacy and can they be effectively partnered with other ceramide inducing agents? • How does ceramide modulate the Bcl-2 family proteins, Mcl-1 and Bcl-2? • Are sphingolipid enzyme inhibitors best suited in the frontline or relapsed-refractory setting?
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42
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Shaw J, Costa-Pinheiro P, Patterson L, Drews K, Spiegel S, Kester M. Novel Sphingolipid-Based Cancer Therapeutics in the Personalized Medicine Era. Adv Cancer Res 2018; 140:327-366. [PMID: 30060815 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids are bioactive lipids that participate in a wide variety of biological mechanisms, including cell death and proliferation. The myriad of pro-death and pro-survival cellular pathways involving sphingolipids provide a plethora of opportunities for dysregulation in cancers. In recent years, modulation of these sphingolipid metabolic pathways has been in the forefront of drug discovery for cancer therapeutics. About two decades ago, researchers first showed that standard of care treatments, e.g., chemotherapeutics and radiation, modulate sphingolipid metabolism to increase endogenous ceramides, which kill cancer cells. Strikingly, resistance to these treatments has also been linked to altered sphingolipid metabolism, favoring lipid species that ultimately lead to cell survival. To this end, many inhibitors of sphingolipid metabolism have been developed to further define not only our understanding of these pathways but also to potentially serve as therapeutic interventions. Therefore, understanding how to better use these new drugs that target sphingolipid metabolism, either alone or in combination with current cancer treatments, holds great potential for cancer control. While sphingolipids in cancer have been reviewed previously (Hannun & Obeid, 2018; Lee & Kolesnick, 2017; Morad & Cabot, 2013; Newton, Lima, Maceyka, & Spiegel, 2015; Ogretmen, 2018; Ryland, Fox, Liu, Loughran, & Kester, 2011) in this chapter, we present a comprehensive review on how standard of care therapeutics affects sphingolipid metabolism, the current landscape of sphingolipid inhibitors, and the clinical utility of sphingolipid-based cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Shaw
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Pedro Costa-Pinheiro
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Logan Patterson
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Kelly Drews
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Sarah Spiegel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Mark Kester
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States; University of Virginia Cancer Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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Abstract
Chemotherapy resistance, inherent or acquired, represents a serious barrier to the successful treatment of cancer. Although drug efflux, conducted by plasma membrane-resident proteins, detoxification enzymes, cell death inhibition, and DNA damage repair are ensemble players in this unwanted biology, a full understanding of the many in concert molecular mechanisms driving drug resistance is lacking. Recent discoveries in sphingolipid (SL) metabolism have provided significant insight into the role of these lipids in cancer growth; however, considerably less is known with respect to SLs and the drug-resistant phenotype. One exception here is enhanced ceramide glycosylation, a hallmark of multidrug resistance that is believed responsible, in part, for diminishing ceramides tumor-suppressor potential. This chapter will review various aspects of SL biology that relate to chemotherapy resistance and extend this topic to acknowledge the role of chemotherapy selection pressure in promoting dysregulated SL metabolism, a characteristic in cancer and an exploitable target for therapy.
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Di Scala C, Fantini J, Yahi N, Barrantes FJ, Chahinian H. Anandamide Revisited: How Cholesterol and Ceramides Control Receptor-Dependent and Receptor-Independent Signal Transmission Pathways of a Lipid Neurotransmitter. Biomolecules 2018; 8:biom8020031. [PMID: 29789479 PMCID: PMC6022874 DOI: 10.3390/biom8020031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anandamide is a lipid neurotransmitter derived from arachidonic acid, a polyunsaturated fatty acid. The chemical differences between anandamide and arachidonic acid result in a slightly enhanced solubility in water and absence of an ionisable group for the neurotransmitter compared with the fatty acid. In this review, we first analyze the conformational flexibility of anandamide in aqueous and membrane phases. We next study the interaction of the neurotransmitter with membrane lipids and discuss the molecular basis of the unexpected selectivity of anandamide for cholesterol and ceramide from among other membrane lipids. We show that cholesterol behaves as a binding partner for anandamide, and that following an initial interaction mediated by the establishment of a hydrogen bond, anandamide is attracted towards the membrane interior, where it forms a molecular complex with cholesterol after a functional conformation adaptation to the apolar membrane milieu. The complex is then directed to the anandamide cannabinoid receptor (CB1) which displays a high affinity binding pocket for anandamide. We propose that cholesterol may regulate the entry and exit of anandamide in and out of CB1 by interacting with low affinity cholesterol recognition sites (CARC and CRAC) located in transmembrane helices. The mirror topology of cholesterol binding sites in the seventh transmembrane domain is consistent with the delivery, extraction and flip-flop of anandamide through a coordinated cholesterol-dependent mechanism. The binding of anandamide to ceramide illustrates another key function of membrane lipids which may occur independently of protein receptors. Interestingly, ceramide forms a tight complex with anandamide which blocks the degradation pathway of both lipids and could be exploited for anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coralie Di Scala
- INMED, INSERM U1249, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 163 Avenue de Luminy, BP13 13273 Marseille CEDEX 09, France.
| | - Jacques Fantini
- INSERM UMR_S 1072, Aix-Marseille Université, 13015 Marseille, France.
| | - Nouara Yahi
- INSERM UMR_S 1072, Aix-Marseille Université, 13015 Marseille, France.
| | - Francisco J Barrantes
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), UCA⁻CONICET, Av. Alicia Moreau de Justo 1600, C1107AFF Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Henri Chahinian
- INSERM UMR_S 1072, Aix-Marseille Université, 13015 Marseille, France.
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Lima S, Takabe K, Newton J, Saurabh K, Young MM, Leopoldino AM, Hait NC, Roberts JL, Wang HG, Dent P, Milstien S, Booth L, Spiegel S. TP53 is required for BECN1- and ATG5-dependent cell death induced by sphingosine kinase 1 inhibition. Autophagy 2018; 14:942-957. [PMID: 29368980 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2018.1429875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The bioactive sphingolipid metabolite sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and the enzyme that produces it, SPHK1 (sphingosine kinase 1), regulate many processes important for the etiology of cancer. It has been suggested that SPHK1 levels are regulated by the tumor suppressor protein TP53, a key regulator of cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and macroautophagy/autophagy. However, little is still known of the relationship between TP53 and SPHK1 activity in the regulation of these processes. To explore this link, we examined the effects of inhibiting SPHK1 in wild-type and TP53 null cancer cell lines. SK1-I, an analog of sphingosine and isozyme-specific SPHK1 inhibitor, suppressed cancer cell growth and clonogenic survival in a TP53-dependent manner. It also more strongly enhanced intrinsic apoptosis in wild-type TP53 cells than in isogenic TP53 null cells. Intriguingly, SK1-I induced phosphorylation of TP53 on Ser15, which increases its transcriptional activity. Consequently, levels of TP53 downstream targets such as pro-apoptotic members of the BCL2 family, including BAX, BAK1, and BID were increased in wild-type but not in TP53 null cells. Inhibition of SPHK1 also increased the formation of autophagic and multivesicular bodies, and increased processing of LC3 and its localization within acidic compartments in a TP53-dependent manner. SK1-I also induced massive accumulation of vacuoles, enhanced autophagy, and increased cell death in an SPHK1-dependent manner that also required TP53 expression. Importantly, downregulation of the key regulators of autophagic flux, BECN1 and ATG5, dramatically decreased the cytotoxicity of SK1-I only in cells with TP53 expression. Hence, our results reveal that TP53 plays an important role in vacuole-associated cell death induced by SPHK1 inhibition in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Lima
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine , Richmond , VA USA
| | - Kazuaki Takabe
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine , Richmond , VA USA.,c Department of Surgery and the Massey Cancer Center , Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine , Richmond , VA USA
| | - Jason Newton
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine , Richmond , VA USA
| | - Kumar Saurabh
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine , Richmond , VA USA
| | - Megan M Young
- d Department of Pharmacology , Department of Pediatrics , Penn State University College of Medicine , Hershey , PA , USA
| | - Andreia Machado Leopoldino
- b Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Sciences , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Riberião Preto , University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , SP , Brazil
| | - Nitai C Hait
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine , Richmond , VA USA
| | - Jane L Roberts
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine , Richmond , VA USA
| | - Hong-Gang Wang
- d Department of Pharmacology , Department of Pediatrics , Penn State University College of Medicine , Hershey , PA , USA
| | - Paul Dent
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine , Richmond , VA USA
| | - Sheldon Milstien
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine , Richmond , VA USA
| | - Laurence Booth
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine , Richmond , VA USA
| | - Sarah Spiegel
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine , Richmond , VA USA
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46
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El Kaffas A, Gangeh MJ, Farhat G, Tran WT, Hashim A, Giles A, Czarnota GJ. Tumour Vascular Shutdown and Cell Death Following Ultrasound-Microbubble Enhanced Radiation Therapy. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:314-327. [PMID: 29290810 PMCID: PMC5743550 DOI: 10.7150/thno.19010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High-dose radiotherapy effects are regulated by acute tumour endothelial cell death followed by rapid tumour cell death instead of canonical DNA break damage. Pre-treatment with ultrasound-stimulated microbubbles (USMB) has enabled higher-dose radiation effects with conventional radiation doses. This study aimed to confirm acute and longitudinal relationships between vascular shutdown and tumour cell death following radiation and USMB in a wild type murine fibrosarcoma model using in vivo imaging. Methods: Tumour xenografts were treated with single radiation doses of 2 or 8 Gy alone, or in combination with low-/high-concentration USMB. Vascular changes and tumour cell death were evaluated at 3, 24 and 72 h following therapy, using high-frequency 3D power Doppler and quantitative ultrasound spectroscopy (QUS) methods, respectively. Staining using in situ end labelling (ISEL) and cluster of differentiation 31 (CD31) of tumour sections were used to assess cell death and vascular distributions, respectively, as gold standard histological methods. Results: Results indicated a decrease in the power Doppler signal of up to 50%, and an increase of more than 5 dBr in cell-death linked QUS parameters at 24 h for tumours treated with combined USMB and radiotherapy. Power Doppler and quantitative ultrasound results were significantly correlated with CD31 and ISEL staining results (p < 0.05), respectively. Moreover, a relationship was found between ultrasound power Doppler and QUS results, as well as between micro-vascular densities (CD31) and the percentage of cell death (ISEL) (R2 0.5-0.9). Conclusions: This study demonstrated, for the first time, the link between acute vascular shutdown and acute tumour cell death using in vivo longitudinal imaging, contributing to the development of theoretical models that incorporate vascular effects in radiation therapy. Overall, this study paves the way for theranostic use of ultrasound in radiation oncology as a diagnostic modality to characterize vascular and tumour response effects simultaneously, as well as a therapeutic modality to complement radiation therapy.
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47
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Molino S, Tate E, McKillop WM, Medin JA. Sphingolipid pathway enzymes modulate cell fate and immune responses. Immunotherapy 2017; 9:1185-1198. [DOI: 10.2217/imt-2017-0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids (SLs) are a class of essential, bioactive lipids. The SL family includes over 4000 distinct molecules, characterized by their sphingoid base (long-chain aliphatic amine) backbone. SLs are key components of cell membranes, yet their roles go well beyond structure. SLs are involved in many cellular processes including cell differentiation, apoptosis, growth arrest and senescence. As cancer cells routinely display increased growth properties and escape from cell death, it has been suggested that enzymes involved in SL synthesis or catabolism may be altered in cancer cells. In this review, we discuss the role of SL pathway enzymes in cancer, and in acquired resistance to therapy. The use of inhibitors and gene silencing approaches targeting these SL pathways is also explored. Finally, we elaborate on the role of SL pathway enzymes in the tumor microenvironment and their effect on immune cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Molino
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
| | - E Tate
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
| | - WM McKillop
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
| | - JA Medin
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
- Department of Medical Biophysics & the Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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48
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Hengst JA, Dick TE, Sharma A, Doi K, Hegde S, Tan SF, Geffert LM, Fox TE, Sharma AK, Desai D, Amin S, Kester M, Loughran TP, Paulson RF, Claxton DF, Wang HG, Yun JK. SKI-178: A Multitargeted Inhibitor of Sphingosine Kinase and Microtubule Dynamics Demonstrating Therapeutic Efficacy in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Models. CANCER TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2017; 3:109-121. [PMID: 28890935 DOI: 10.4103/ctm.ctm_7_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To further characterize the selectivity, mechanism-of-action and therapeutic efficacy of the novel small molecule inhibitor, SKI-178. METHODS Using the state-of-the-art Cellular Thermal Shift Assay (CETSA) technique to detect "direct target engagement" of proteins intact cells, in vitro and in vivo assays, pharmacological assays and multiple mouse models of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). RESULTS Herein, we demonstrate that SKI-178 directly target engages both Sphingosine Kinase 1 and 2. We also present evidence that, in addition to its actions as a Sphingosine Kinase Inhibitor, SKI-178 functions as a microtubule network disrupting agent both in vitro and in intact cells. Interestingly, we separately demonstrate that simultaneous SphK inhibition and microtubule disruption synergistically induces apoptosis in AML cell lines. Furthermore, we demonstrate that SKI-178 is well tolerated in normal healthy mice. Most importantly, we demonstrate that SKI-178 has therapeutic efficacy in several mouse models of AML. CONCLUSION SKI-178 is a multi-targeted agent that functions both as an inhibitor of the SphKs as well as a disruptor of the microtubule network. SKI-178 induced apoptosis arises from a synergistic interaction of these two activities. SKI-178 is safe and effective in mouse models of AML, supporting its further development as a multi-targeted anti-cancer therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy A Hengst
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.,The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Taryn E Dick
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.,The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Arati Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Kenichiro Doi
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Shailaja Hegde
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Su-Fern Tan
- University of Virginia Cancer Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Laura M Geffert
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.,The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Todd E Fox
- University of Virginia Cancer Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Arun K Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Dhimant Desai
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Shantu Amin
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Mark Kester
- University of Virginia Cancer Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Thomas P Loughran
- University of Virginia Cancer Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Robert F Paulson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - David F Claxton
- Department of Hematology, Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Hong-Gang Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Jong K Yun
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.,The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
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49
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Vettorazzi M, Angelina E, Lima S, Gonec T, Otevrel J, Marvanova P, Padrtova T, Mokry P, Bobal P, Acosta LM, Palma A, Cobo J, Bobalova J, Csollei J, Malik I, Alvarez S, Spiegel S, Jampilek J, Enriz RD. An integrative study to identify novel scaffolds for sphingosine kinase 1 inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 139:461-481. [PMID: 28822281 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1), the enzyme that produces the bioactive sphingolipid metabolite, sphingosine-1-phosphate, is a promising new molecular target for therapeutic intervention in cancer and inflammatory diseases. In view of its importance, the main objective of this work was to find new and more potent inhibitors for this enzyme possessing different structural scaffolds than those of the known inhibitors. Our theoretical and experimental study has allowed us to identify two new structural scaffolds (three new compounds), which could be used as starting structures for the design and then the development of new inhibitors of SphK1. Our study was carried out in different steps: virtual screening, synthesis, bioassays and molecular modelling. From our results, we propose a new dihydrobenzo[b]pyrimido[5,4-f]azepine and two alkyl{3-/4-[1-hydroxy-2-(4-arylpiperazin-1-yl)ethyl]phenyl}carbamates as initial structures for the development of new inhibitors. In addition, our molecular modelling study using QTAIM calculations, allowed us to describe in detail the molecular interactions that stabilize the different Ligand-Receptor complexes. Such analyses indicate that the cationic head of the different compounds must be refined in order to obtain an increase in the binding affinity of these ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Vettorazzi
- Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas (IMIBIO-SL), Chacabuco 915, 5700 San Luis, Argentina
| | - Emilio Angelina
- Laboratorio de Estructura Molecular y Propiedades, Área de Química Física, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Avda. Libertad 5460, 3400 Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Santiago Lima
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298 USA
| | - Tomas Gonec
- Department of Chemical Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho 1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Otevrel
- Department of Chemical Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho 1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavlina Marvanova
- Department of Chemical Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho 1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Padrtova
- Department of Chemical Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho 1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Mokry
- Department of Chemical Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho 1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Bobal
- Department of Chemical Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho 1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lina M Acosta
- Laboratorio de Síntesis Orgánica, Escuela de Química, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Carrera 27, Calle 9, A.A 678, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Alirio Palma
- Laboratorio de Síntesis Orgánica, Escuela de Química, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Carrera 27, Calle 9, A.A 678, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Justo Cobo
- Inorganic and Organic Department, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas s/n, 23071, Jaén, Spain
| | - Janette Bobalova
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i., Veveri 97, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jozef Csollei
- Department of Chemical Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho 1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Odbojarov 10, 83232 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ivan Malik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Odbojarov 10, 83232 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Sergio Alvarez
- Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas (IMIBIO-SL), Chacabuco 915, 5700 San Luis, Argentina
| | - Sarah Spiegel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298 USA
| | - Josef Jampilek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Odbojarov 10, 83232 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ricardo D Enriz
- Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas (IMIBIO-SL), Chacabuco 915, 5700 San Luis, Argentina.
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50
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Lysosomes as Oxidative Targets for Cancer Therapy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:3749157. [PMID: 28757908 PMCID: PMC5516749 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3749157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomes are membrane-bound vesicles that contain hydrolases for the degradation and recycling of essential nutrients to maintain homeostasis within cells. Cancer cells have increased lysosomal function to proliferate, metabolize, and adapt to stressful environments. This has made cancer cells susceptible to lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP). There are many factors that mediate LMP such as Bcl-2 family member, p53; sphingosine; and oxidative stress which are often altered in cancer. Upon lysosomal disruption, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels increase leading to lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagy, and reactive iron. Cathepsins are also released causing degradation of macromolecules and cellular structures. This ultimately kills the cancer cell through different types of cell death (apoptosis, autosis, or ferroptosis). In this review, we will explore the contributions lysosomes play in inducing cell death, how this is regulated by ROS in cancer, and how lysosomotropic agents might be utilized to treat cancers.
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