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De Vincenti AP, Bonafina A, Ledda F, Paratcha G. Lrig1 regulates cell fate specification of glutamatergic neurons via FGF-driven Jak2/Stat3 signaling in cortical progenitors. Development 2024; 151:dev202879. [PMID: 39250533 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
The cell-intrinsic mechanisms underlying the decision of a stem/progenitor cell to either proliferate or differentiate remain incompletely understood. Here, we identify the transmembrane protein Lrig1 as a physiological homeostatic regulator of FGF2-driven proliferation and self-renewal of neural progenitors at early-to-mid embryonic stages of cortical development. We show that Lrig1 is expressed in cortical progenitors (CPs), and its ablation caused expansion and increased proliferation of radial/apical progenitors and of neurogenic transit-amplifying Tbr2+ intermediate progenitors. Notably, our findings identify a previously unreported EGF-independent mechanism through which Lrig1 negatively regulates neural progenitor proliferation by modulating the FGF2-induced IL6/Jak2/Stat3 pathway, a molecular cascade that plays a pivotal role in the generation and maintenance of CPs. Consistently, Lrig1 knockout mice showed a significant increase in the density of pyramidal glutamatergic neurons placed in superficial layers 2 and 3 of the postnatal neocortex. Together, these results support a model in which Lrig1 regulates cortical neurogenesis by influencing the cycling activity of a set of progenitors that are temporally specified to produce upper layer glutamatergic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula De Vincenti
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias (IBCN)-CONICET-UBA, Facultad de Medicina. Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires CP1121, Argentina
| | - Antonela Bonafina
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias (IBCN)-CONICET-UBA, Facultad de Medicina. Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires CP1121, Argentina
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1405 BWE, Argentina
| | - Fernanda Ledda
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1405 BWE, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Paratcha
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias (IBCN)-CONICET-UBA, Facultad de Medicina. Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires CP1121, Argentina
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2
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Israelsson P, Oda H, Öfverman C, Stefansson K, Lindquist D. Immunoreactivity of LMO7 and other molecular markers as potential prognostic factors in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:729. [PMID: 38918827 PMCID: PMC11197244 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04510-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the better prognosis associated with human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC), some patients experience relapse and succumb to the disease; thus, there is a need for biomarkers identifying these patients for intensified treatment. Leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domain (LRIG) protein 1 is a negative regulator of receptor tyrosine kinase signaling and a positive prognostic factor in OPSCC. Studies indicate that LRIG1 interacts with the LIM domain 7 protein (LMO7), a stabilizer of adherence junctions. Its role in OPSCC has not been studied before. METHODS A total of 145 patients diagnosed with OPSCC were enrolled. Immunohistochemical LMO7 expression and staining intensity were evaluated in the tumors and correlated with known clinical and pathological prognostic factors, such as HPV status and LRIG1, CD44, Ki67, and p53 expression. RESULTS Our results show that high LMO7 expression is associated with significantly longer overall survival (OS) (p = 0.044). LMO7 was a positive prognostic factor for OS in univariate analysis (HR 0.515, 95% CI: 0.267-0.994, p = 0.048) but not in multivariate analysis. The LMO7 expression correlated with LRIG1 expression (p = 0.048), consistent with previous findings. Interestingly, strong LRIG1 staining intensity was an independent negative prognostic factor in the HPV-driven group of tumors (HR 2.847, 95% Cl: 1.036-7.825, p = 0.043). CONCLUSIONS We show for the first time that high LMO7 expression is a positive prognostic factor in OPSCC, and we propose that LMO7 should be further explored as a biomarker. In contrast to previous reports, LRIG1 expression was shown to be an independent negative prognostic factor in HPV-driven OPSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pernilla Israelsson
- Department of Diagnostics and Intervention, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, 90185, Sweden.
| | - Husam Oda
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, 90185, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Öfverman
- Department of Diagnostics and Intervention, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, 90185, Sweden
| | - Kristina Stefansson
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Clinical Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, 90185, Sweden
| | - David Lindquist
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Professional Development, Umeå University, Umeå, 90185, Sweden
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HYPOTHESIS: Do LRIG Proteins Regulate Stem Cell Quiescence by Promoting BMP Signaling? Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:59-66. [PMID: 35969315 PMCID: PMC9823064 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10442-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains (LRIG) proteins are evolutionarily conserved integral membrane proteins. Mammalian LRIG1 regulates stem cell quiescence in various tissue compartments, including compartments in the epidermis, oral mucosa, intestines, neural system, and incisors. The planarian LRIG1 homolog regulates the quiescence of multipotent neoblasts. The mechanism through which LRIG proteins regulate stem cell quiescence has not been well documented, although it is generally assumed that LRIG1 regulates the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) or other receptor tyrosine kinases. However, Lrig-null (Lrig1-/-;Lrig2-/-; and Lrig3-/-) mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) have been recently found to exhibit apparently normal receptor tyrosine kinase functions. Moreover, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling has been shown to depend on LRIG1 and LRIG3 expression. BMPs are well-known regulators of stem cell quiescence. Here, we hypothesize that LRIG1 might regulate stem cell quiescence by promoting BMP signaling. HYPOTHESIS: Based on recent findings, it is hypothesized that LRIG1 regulates stem cell quiescence in mammalian tissues as well as in planarian neoblasts by promoting BMP signaling.
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de Melo ALL, Linder A, Sundfeldt K, Lindquist D, Hedman H. Single-molecule array assay reveals the prognostic impact of plasma LRIG1 in ovarian carcinoma. Acta Oncol 2022; 61:1425-1433. [PMID: 36326616 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2022.2140016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian carcinoma is the eighth most common cause of cancer death in women worldwide. The disease is predominantly diagnosed at a late stage. This contributes to high recurrence rates, eventually leading to the development of treatment-resistant disease. Leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains protein 1 (LRIG1) is a transmembrane protein that functions as a tumor suppressor and regulator of growth factor signaling. LRIG1 levels have not been investigated in human plasma previously. MATERIALS AND METHODS A quantitative LRIG1-specific single molecule array assay was developed and validated. LRIG1 levels were quantified in plasma samples from 486 patients with suspicious ovarian masses. RESULTS Among women with ovarian carcinoma, LRIG1 levels were significantly elevated compared to women with benign or borderline type tumors. High LRIG1 plasma levels were associated with worse overall survival and shorter disease-free survival both in the group of all malignant cases and among the stage 3 cases only. LRIG1 was an independent prognostic factor in patients with stage 3 ovarian carcinoma. CONCLUSION LRIG1 plasma levels were elevated in patients with ovarian carcinoma, and high levels were associated with poor prognosis, suggesting that LRIG1 might be an etiologic factor and a potentially useful biomarker in ovarian carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Linder
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer research, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Institute of clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin Sundfeldt
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer research, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Institute of clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - David Lindquist
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Håkan Hedman
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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5
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Umeh-Garcia M, O'Geen H, Simion C, Gephart MH, Segal DJ, Sweeney CA. Aberrant promoter methylation contributes to LRIG1 silencing in basal/triple-negative breast cancer. Br J Cancer 2022; 127:436-448. [PMID: 35440669 PMCID: PMC9346006 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01812-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND LRIG1, the founding member of the LRIG (leucine-rich repeat and immunoglobulin-like domain) family of transmembrane proteins, is a negative regulator of receptor tyrosine kinases and a tumour suppressor. Decreased LRIG1 expression is consistently observed in cancer, across diverse tumour types, and is linked to poor patient prognosis. However, mechanisms by which LRIG1 is repressed are not fully understood. Silencing of LRIG1 through promoter CpG island methylation has been reported in colorectal and cervical cancer but studies in breast cancer remain limited. METHODS In silico analysis of human breast cancer patient data were used to demonstrate a correlation between DNA methylation and LRIG1 silencing in basal/triple-negative breast cancer, and its impact on patient survival. LRIG1 gene expression, protein abundance, and methylation enrichment were examined by quantitative reverse-transcription PCR, immunoblotting, and methylation immunoprecipitation, respectively, in breast cancer cell lines in vitro. We examined the impact of global demethylation on LRIG1 expression and methylation enrichment using 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine. We also examined the effects of targeted demethylation of the LRIG1 CpG island, and transcriptional activation of LRIG1 expression, using the RNA guided deadCas9 transactivation system. RESULTS Across breast cancer subtypes, LRIG1 expression is lowest in the basal/triple-negative subtype so we investigated whether differential methylation may contribute to this. Indeed, we find that LRIG1 CpG island methylation is most prominent in basal/triple-negative cell lines and patient samples. Use of the global demethylating agent 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine decreases methylation leading to increased LRIG1 transcript expression in basal/triple-negative cell lines, while having no effect on LRIG1 expression in luminal/ER-positive cell lines. Using a CRISPR/deadCas9 (dCas9)-based targeting approach, we demonstrate that TET1-mediated demethylation (Tet1-dCas9) along with VP64-mediated transcriptional activation (VP64-dCas9) at the CpG island, increased endogenous LRIG1 expression in basal/triple-negative breast cancer cells, without transcriptional upregulation at predicted off-target sites. Activation of LRIG1 by the dCas9 transactivation system significantly increased LRIG1 protein abundance, reduced site-specific methylation, and reduced cancer cell viability. Our findings suggest that CRISPR-mediated targeted activation may be a feasible way to restore LRIG1 expression in cancer. CONCLUSIONS Our study contributes novel insight into mechanisms which repress LRIG1 in triple-negative breast cancer and demonstrates for the first time that targeted de-repression of LRIG1 in cancer cells is possible. Understanding the epigenetic mechanisms associated with repression of tumour suppressor genes holds potential for the advancement of therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxine Umeh-Garcia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
- Department Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | | | - Catalina Simion
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - David J Segal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Colleen A Sweeney
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
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Guo J, Zhong X, Tan Q, Yang S, Liao J, Zhuge J, Hong Z, Deng Q, Zuo Q. miR-301a-3p induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress mediates the occurrence and transmission of trastuzumab resistance in HER2-positive gastric cancer. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:696. [PMID: 34257270 PMCID: PMC8277821 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03991-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Trastuzumab resistance negatively influences the clinical efficacy of the therapy for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positive gastric cancer (GC), and the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Exploring the mechanisms and finding effective approaches to address trastuzumab resistance are of great necessity. Here, we confirmed that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced trastuzumab resistance by up-regulating miR-301a-3p in HER2-positive GC cells. Moreover, we elucidated that miR-301a-3p mediated trastuzumab resistance by down-regulating the expression of leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains containing protein 1 (LRIG1) and subsequently activating the expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) and fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) under ER stress. We also found that intercellular transfer of miR-301a-3p by exosomes disseminated trastuzumab resistance. The present study demonstrated that exosomal miR-301a-3p could serve as a non-invasive biomarker for trastuzumab resistance, which was maybe a novel potential therapeutic target to overcome trastuzumab resistance and improve the curative effect of trastuzumab in HER2-positive GC patients.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Male
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Receptor, ErbB-2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/genetics
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/metabolism
- Receptor, IGF Type 1/genetics
- Receptor, IGF Type 1/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Stomach Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Stomach Neoplasms/genetics
- Stomach Neoplasms/metabolism
- Stomach Neoplasms/pathology
- Trastuzumab/pharmacology
- Tumor Burden/drug effects
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China, 510515
- Department of Internal Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China, 510080
| | - Xuxian Zhong
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China, 510515
| | - Qinglin Tan
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China, 510515
- Department of Oncology, Dongguan People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong Province, China, 523059
| | - Shengnan Yang
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China, 510515
| | - Jiaqi Liao
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China, 510515
| | - Jinke Zhuge
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China, 510515
| | - Ziyang Hong
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China, 510515
| | - Qiong Deng
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China, 510515
| | - Qiang Zuo
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China, 510515.
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7
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Ji Y, Kumar R, Gokhale A, Chao HP, Rycaj K, Chen X, Li Q, Tang DG. LRIG1, a regulator of stem cell quiescence and a pleiotropic feedback tumor suppressor. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 82:120-133. [PMID: 33476721 PMCID: PMC8286266 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
LRIG1, leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains protein 1, was discovered more than 20 years ago and has been shown to be downregulated or lost, and to function as a tumor suppressor in several cancers. Another well-reported biological function of LRIG1 is to regulate and help enforce the quiescence of adult stem cells (SCs). In both contexts, LRIG1 regulates SC quiescence and represses tumor growth via, primarily, antagonizing the expression and activities of ERBB and other receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). We have recently reported that in treatment-naïve human prostate cancer (PCa), LRIG1 is primarily regulated by androgen receptor (AR) and is prominently overexpressed. In castration-resistant PCa (CRPC), both LRIG1 and AR expression becomes heterogeneous and, frequently, discordant. Importantly, in both androgen-dependent PCa and CRPC models, LRIG1 exhibits tumor-suppressive functions. Moreover, LRIG1 induction inhibits the growth of pre-established AR+ and AR− PCa. Here, upon a brief introduction of the LRIG1 and the LRIG family, we provide an updated overview on LRIG1 functions in regulating SC quiescence and repressing tumor development. We further highlight the expression, regulation and functions of LRIG1 in treatment-naïve PCa and CRPC. We conclude by offering the perspectives of identifying novel cancer-specific LRIG1-interacting signaling partners and developing LRIG1-based anti-cancer therapeutics and diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibing Ji
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Abhiram Gokhale
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Hseu-Ping Chao
- Department of Epigenetics & Mol. Carcinogenesis, the University of Texas M.D Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
| | - Kiera Rycaj
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; Department of Epigenetics & Mol. Carcinogenesis, the University of Texas M.D Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Qiuhui Li
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
| | - Dean G Tang
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; Department of Epigenetics & Mol. Carcinogenesis, the University of Texas M.D Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA.
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Ubiquitin-specific protease 8 (USP8/UBPy): a prototypic multidomain deubiquitinating enzyme with pleiotropic functions. Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 47:1867-1879. [PMID: 31845722 PMCID: PMC6925526 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Protein modification by ubiquitin is one of the most versatile posttranslational regulations and counteracted by almost 100 deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs). USP8 was originally identified as a growth regulated ubiquitin-specific protease and is like many other DUBs characterized by its multidomain architecture. Besides the catalytic domain, specific protein-protein interaction modules were characterized which contribute to USP8 substrate recruitment, regulation and targeting to distinct protein complexes. Studies in mice and humans impressively showed the physiological relevance and non-redundant function of USP8 within the context of the whole organism. USP8 knockout (KO) mice exhibit early embryonic lethality while induced deletion in adult animals rapidly causes lethal liver failure. Furthermore, T-cell specific ablation disturbs T-cell development and function resulting in fatal autoimmune inflammatory bowel disease. In human patients, somatic mutations in USP8 were identified as the underlying cause of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) releasing pituitary adenomas causing Cushing's disease (CD). Here we provide an overview of the versatile molecular, cellular and pathology associated function and regulation of USP8 which appears to depend on specific protein binding partners, substrates and the cellular context.
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9
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Preston JL, Stiffler N. Epigenetic loss of heterozygosity of Apc and an inflammation-associated mutational signature detected in Lrig1 +/--driven murine colonic adenomas. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:126. [PMID: 32059662 PMCID: PMC7023705 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-6616-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The loss of a single copy of adenomatous polyposis coli (Apc) in leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains 1 (Lrig1)-expressing colonic progenitor cells induces rapid growth of adenomas in mice with high penetrance and multiplicity. The tumors lack functional APC, and a genetic loss of heterozygosity of Apc was previously observed. METHODS To identify genomic features of early tumorigenesis, and to profile intertumoral genetic heterogeneity, tumor exome DNA (n = 9 tumors) and mRNA (n = 5 tumors) sequences were compared with matched nontumoral colon tissue. Putative somatic mutations were called after stringent variant filtering. Somatic signatures of mutational processes were determined and splicing patterns were observed. RESULTS The adenomas were found to be genetically heterogeneous and unexpectedly hypermutated, displaying a strong bias toward G:C > A:T mutations. A genetic loss of heterozygosity of Apc was not observed, however, an epigenetic loss of heterozygosity was apparent in the tumor transcriptomes. Complex splicing patterns characterized by a loss of intron retention were observed uniformly across tumors. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that early tumors originating from intestinal stem cells with reduced Lrig1 and Apc expression are highly mutated and genetically heterogeneous, with an inflammation-associated mutational signature and complex splicing patterns that are uniform across tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Preston
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA.
| | - Nicholas Stiffler
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
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10
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Neirinckx V, Hau AC, Schuster A, Fritah S, Tiemann K, Klein E, Nazarov PV, Matagne A, Szpakowska M, Meyrath M, Chevigné A, Schmidt MHH, Niclou SP. The soluble form of pan-RTK inhibitor and tumor suppressor LRIG1 mediates downregulation of AXL through direct protein-protein interaction in glioblastoma. Neurooncol Adv 2019; 1:vdz024. [PMID: 32642659 PMCID: PMC7212925 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdz024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Targeted approaches for inhibiting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and other receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) in glioblastoma (GBM) have led to therapeutic resistance and little clinical benefit, raising the need for the development of alternative strategies. Endogenous LRIG1 (Leucine-rich Repeats and ImmunoGlobulin-like domains protein 1) is an RTK inhibitory protein required for stem cell maintenance, and we previously demonstrated the soluble ectodomain of LRIG1 (sLRIG1) to potently inhibit GBM growth in vitro and in vivo. Methods Here, we generated a recombinant protein of the ectodomain of LRIG1 (sLRIG1) and determined its activity in various cellular GBM models including patient-derived stem-like cells and patient organoids. We used proliferation, adhesion, and invasion assays, and performed gene and protein expression studies. Proximity ligation assay and NanoBiT complementation technology were applied to assess protein-protein interactions. Results We show that recombinant sLRIG1 downregulates EGFRvIII but not EGFR, and reduces proliferation in GBM cells, irrespective of their EGFR expression status. We find that sLRIG1 targets and downregulates a wide range of RTKs, including AXL, and alters GBM cell adhesion. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that LRIG1 interferes with AXL but not with EGFR dimerization. Conclusions These results identify AXL as a novel sLRIG1 target and show that LRIG1-mediated RTK downregulation depends on direct protein interaction. The pan-RTK inhibitory activity of sLRIG1 warrants further investigation for new GBM treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Neirinckx
- NorLux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg
| | - Ann-Christin Hau
- NorLux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg
| | - Anne Schuster
- NorLux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg
| | - Sabrina Fritah
- NorLux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg
| | - Katja Tiemann
- NorLux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg
| | - Eliane Klein
- NorLux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg
| | - Petr V Nazarov
- Proteome and Genome Research Unit, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg
| | - André Matagne
- Center for Protein Engineering, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Martyna Szpakowska
- Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Germany
| | - Max Meyrath
- Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Germany
| | - Andy Chevigné
- Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Germany
| | - Mirko H H Schmidt
- Molecular Signal Transduction Laboratories, Institute for Microscopic Anatomy and Neurobiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simone P Niclou
- NorLux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg
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11
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Fernández-Barral A, Costales-Carrera A, Buira SP, Jung P, Ferrer-Mayorga G, Larriba MJ, Bustamante-Madrid P, Domínguez O, Real FX, Guerra-Pastrián L, Lafarga M, García-Olmo D, Cantero R, Del Peso L, Batlle E, Rojo F, Muñoz A, Barbáchano A. Vitamin D differentially regulates colon stem cells in patient-derived normal and tumor organoids. FEBS J 2019; 287:53-72. [PMID: 31306552 PMCID: PMC6972655 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Intestine is a major target of vitamin D and several studies indicate an association between vitamin D deficiency and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), but also increased colorectal cancer (CRC) risk and mortality. However, the putative effects of 1α,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol), the active vitamin D metabolite, on human colonic stem cells are unknown. Here we show by immunohistochemistry and RNAscope in situ hybridization that vitamin D receptor (VDR) is unexpectedly expressed in LGR5+ colon stem cells in human tissue and in normal and tumor organoid cultures generated from patient biopsies. Interestingly, normal and tumor organoids respond differentially to calcitriol with profound and contrasting changes in their transcriptomic profiles. In normal organoids, calcitriol upregulates stemness‐related genes, such as LGR5,SMOC2,LRIG1,MSI1,PTK7, and MEX3A, and inhibits cell proliferation. In contrast, in tumor organoids calcitriol has little effect on stemness‐related genes while it induces a differentiated phenotype, and variably reduces cell proliferation. Concordantly, electron microscopy showed that calcitriol does not affect the blastic undifferentiated cell phenotype in normal organoids but it induces a series of differentiated features in tumor organoids. Our results constitute the first demonstration of a regulatory role of vitamin D on human colon stem cells, indicating a homeostatic effect on colon epithelium with relevant implications in IBD and CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asunción Fernández-Barral
- Departments of Cancer Biology and Biochemistry, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto Sols', Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)-Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM) and IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centres-Oncology (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Costales-Carrera
- Departments of Cancer Biology and Biochemistry, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto Sols', Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)-Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM) and IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centres-Oncology (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra P Buira
- Departments of Pathology and Surgery, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Peter Jung
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine Barcelona (IRB), Barcelona, Spain.,DKTK, German Cancer Consortium, Research Group, Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gemma Ferrer-Mayorga
- Departments of Cancer Biology and Biochemistry, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto Sols', Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)-Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM) and IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centres-Oncology (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Jesús Larriba
- Departments of Cancer Biology and Biochemistry, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto Sols', Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)-Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM) and IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centres-Oncology (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Bustamante-Madrid
- Departments of Cancer Biology and Biochemistry, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto Sols', Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)-Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM) and IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centres-Oncology (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Francisco X Real
- Biomedical Research Networking Centres-Oncology (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.,Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Damián García-Olmo
- Departments of Pathology and Surgery, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain.,Colorectal Unit, Department of Surgery, La Paz University Hospital-IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramón Cantero
- Colorectal Unit, Department of Surgery, La Paz University Hospital-IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Del Peso
- Departments of Cancer Biology and Biochemistry, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto Sols', Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)-Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM) and IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centres-Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduard Batlle
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine Barcelona (IRB), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Barcelona, Spain.,ICREA, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Federico Rojo
- Biomedical Research Networking Centres-Oncology (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.,Departments of Pathology and Surgery, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Muñoz
- Departments of Cancer Biology and Biochemistry, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto Sols', Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)-Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM) and IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centres-Oncology (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Barbáchano
- Departments of Cancer Biology and Biochemistry, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto Sols', Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)-Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM) and IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centres-Oncology (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
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12
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Xiong D, Wang Y, You M. Tumor intrinsic immunity related proteins may be novel tumor suppressors in some types of cancer. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10918. [PMID: 31358815 PMCID: PMC6662687 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47382-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade therapy (ICBT) can unleash T-cell responses against cancer. However, only a small fraction of patients exhibited responses to ICBT. The role of immune checkpoints in cancer cells is not well understood. In this study, we analyzed T-cell coinhibitory/costimulatory genes across more than 1100 samples of the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE). Nearly 90% of such genes were not expressed or had low expression across the CCLE cancer cell lines. Cell line screening showed the enrichment of cancer cells deprived of the expression of CD27, CEACAM1, CTLA4, LRIG1, PDCD1LG2, or TNFRSF18, suggesting their role as tumor suppressor. The metagene expression signature derived from these six genes - Immu6Metagene was associated with prolonged survival phenotypes. A common set of five oncogenic pathways were significantly inhibited in different types of tumors of the cancer patients with good survival outcome and high Immu6Metagene signature expression. These pathways were TGF-β signaling, angiogenesis, EMT, hypoxia and mitotic process. Our study showed that oncoimmunology related molecules especially the six genes of the Immu6Metagene signature may play the tumor suppressor role in certain cancers. Therefore, the ICBT targeting them should be considered in such context to improve the efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghai Xiong
- Center for Disease Prevention Research and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Yian Wang
- Center for Disease Prevention Research and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Ming You
- Center for Disease Prevention Research and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
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13
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Lindquist D, Alsina FC, Herdenberg C, Larsson C, Höppener J, Wang N, Paratcha G, Tarján M, Tot T, Henriksson R, Hedman H. LRIG1 negatively regulates RET mutants and is downregulated in thyroid cancer. Int J Oncol 2018; 52:1189-1197. [PMID: 29436694 PMCID: PMC5843404 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) are characterized by genomic rearrangements and point mutations in the proto-oncogene RET. Leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains 1 (LRIG1) is a suppressor of various receptor tyrosine kinases, including RET. LRIG1 expression levels are associated with patient survival in many cancer types. In the present study, we investigated whether the oncogenic RET mutants RET2A (C634R) and RET2B (M918T) were regulated by LRIG1, and the possible effects of LRIG1 expression in thyroid cancer were investigated in three different clinical cohorts and in a RET2B-driven mouse model of MTC. LRIG1 was shown to physically interact with both RET2A and RET2B and to restrict their ligand-independent activation. LRIG1 mRNA levels were downregulated in PTC and MTC compared to normal thyroid gland tissue. There was no apparent association between LRIG1 RNA or protein expression levels and patient survival in the studied cohorts. The transgenic RET2B mice developed pre-cancerous medullary thyroid lesions at a high frequency (36%); however, no overt cancers were observed. There was no significant difference in the incidence of pre-cancerous lesions between Lrig1 wild-type and Lrig1-deficient RET2B mice. In conclusion, the findings that LRIG1 is a negative regulator of RET2A and RET2B and is also downregulated in PTC and MTC may suggest that LRIG1 functions as a thyroid tumor suppressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lindquist
- Oncology Research Laboratory, Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Fernando C Alsina
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience (IBCN)-CONICET, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires 1121, Argentina
| | - Carl Herdenberg
- Oncology Research Laboratory, Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Catharina Larsson
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jo Höppener
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Division of Biomedical Genetics and Laboratory of Translational Immunology, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gustavo Paratcha
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience (IBCN)-CONICET, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires 1121, Argentina
| | - Miklós Tarján
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Cytology, Central Hospital Falun, 791 82 Falun, Sweden
| | - Tibor Tot
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Cytology, Central Hospital Falun, 791 82 Falun, Sweden
| | - Roger Henriksson
- Oncology Research Laboratory, Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Håkan Hedman
- Oncology Research Laboratory, Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
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14
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Faraz M, Herdenberg C, Holmlund C, Henriksson R, Hedman H. A protein interaction network centered on leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains 1 (LRIG1) regulates growth factor receptors. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:3421-3435. [PMID: 29317492 PMCID: PMC5836135 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.807487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains 1 (LRIG1) is a tumor suppressor and a negative regulator of several receptor tyrosine kinases. The molecular mechanisms by which LRIG1 mediates its tumor suppressor effects and regulates receptor tyrosine kinases remain incompletely understood. Here, we performed a yeast two-hybrid screen to identify novel LRIG1-interacting proteins and mined data from the BioPlex (biophysical interactions of ORFeome-based complexes) protein interaction data repository. The putative LRIG1 interactors identified in the screen were functionally evaluated using a triple co-transfection system in which HEK293 cells were co-transfected with platelet-derived growth factor receptor α, LRIG1, and shRNAs against the identified LRIG1 interactors. The effects of the shRNAs on the ability of LRIG1 to down-regulate platelet-derived growth factor receptor α expression were evaluated. On the basis of these results, we present an LRIG1 protein interaction network with many newly identified components. The network contains the apparently functionally important LRIG1-interacting proteins RAB4A, PON2, GAL3ST1, ZBTB16, LRIG2, CNPY3, HLA-DRA, GML, CNPY4, LRRC40, and LRIG3, together with GLRX3, PTPRK, and other proteins. In silico analyses of The Cancer Genome Atlas data sets revealed consistent correlations between the expression of the transcripts encoding LRIG1 and its interactors ZBTB16 and PTPRK and inverse correlations between the transcripts encoding LRIG1 and GLRX3. We further studied the LRIG1 function–promoting paraoxonase PON2 and found that it co-localized with LRIG1 in LRIG1-transfected cells. The proposed LRIG1 protein interaction network will provide leads for future studies aiming to understand the molecular functions of LRIG1 and the regulation of growth factor signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Faraz
- From the Oncology Research Laboratory, Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Carl Herdenberg
- From the Oncology Research Laboratory, Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Camilla Holmlund
- From the Oncology Research Laboratory, Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Roger Henriksson
- From the Oncology Research Laboratory, Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Håkan Hedman
- From the Oncology Research Laboratory, Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
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