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Howard SL, Beaudin SA, Strupp BJ, Smith DR. Maternal choline supplementation lessens the behavioral dysfunction produced by developmental manganese exposure in a rodent model of ADHD. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2024; 102:107337. [PMID: 38423398 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2024.107337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Studies in children have reported associations between elevated manganese (Mn) exposure and ADHD-related symptoms of inattention, impulsivity/hyperactivity, and psychomotor impairment. Maternal choline supplementation (MCS) during pregnancy/lactation may hold promise as a protective strategy because it has been shown to lessen cognitive dysfunction caused by numerous early insults. Our objectives were to determine whether (1) developmental Mn exposure alters behavioral reactivity/emotion regulation, in addition to impairing learning, attention, impulse control, and sensorimotor function, and (2) MCS protects against these Mn-induced impairments. Pregnant Long-Evans rats were given standard diet, or a diet supplemented with additional choline throughout gestation and lactation (GD 3 - PND 21). Male offspring were exposed orally to 0 or 50 mg Mn/kg/day over PND 1-21. In adulthood, animals were tested in a series of learning, attention, impulse control, and sensorimotor tasks. Mn exposure caused lasting dysfunction in attention, reactivity to errors and reward omission, learning, and sensorimotor function, recapitulating the constellation of symptoms seen in ADHD children. MCS lessened Mn-induced attentional dysfunction and partially normalized reactivity to committing an error or not receiving an expected reward but provided no protection against Mn-induced learning or sensorimotor dysfunction. In the absence of Mn exposure, MCS produces lasting offspring benefits in learning, attention, and reactivity to errors. To conclude, developmental Mn exposure produces a constellation of deficits consistent with ADHD symptomology, and MCS offered some protection against the adverse Mn effects, adding to the evidence that maternal choline supplementation is neuroprotective for offspring and improves offspring cognitive functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanna L Howard
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Stephane A Beaudin
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Barbara J Strupp
- Division of Nutritional Sciences and Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Donald R Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.
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Raj A, Kumar A, Khare PK. The looming threat of profenofos organophosphate and microbes in action for their sustainable degradation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:14367-14387. [PMID: 38291208 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32159-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Organophosphates are the most extensively used class of pesticides to deal with increasing pest diversity and produce more on limited terrestrial areas to feed the ever-expanding global population. Profenofos, an organophosphate group of non-systematic insecticides and acaricides, is used to combat aphids, cotton bollworms, tobacco budworms, beet armyworms, spider mites, and lygus bugs. Profenofos was inducted into the system as a replacement for chlorpyrifos due to its lower toxicity and half-life. It has become a significant environmental concern due to its widespread presence. It accumulates in various environmental components, contaminating food, water, and air. As a neurotoxic poison, it inhibits acetylcholinesterase receptor activity, leading to dizziness, paralysis, and pest death. It also affects other eukaryotes, such as pollinators, birds, mammals, and invertebrates, affecting ecosystem functioning. Microbes directly expose themselves to profenofos and adapt to these toxic compounds over time. Microbes use these toxic compounds as carbon and energy sources and it is a sustainable and economical method to eliminate profenofos from the environment. This article explores the studies and developments in the bioremediation of profenofos, its impact on plants, pollinators, and humans, and the policies and laws related to pesticide regulation. The goal is to raise awareness about the global threat of profenofos and the role of policymakers in managing pesticide mismanagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman Raj
- Metagenomics and Secretomics Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University), Sagar, (M.P), -470003, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- Metagenomics and Secretomics Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University), Sagar, (M.P), -470003, India.
- Metagenomics and Secretomics Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad (A Central University), Prayagraj, (UP), -211002, India.
| | - Pramod Kumar Khare
- Ecology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Madhya Pradesh, Sagar, -470003, India
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Biosca-Brull J, Basaure P, Guardia-Escote L, Cabré M, Blanco J, Morales-Navas M, Sánchez-Santed F, Colomina MT. Environmental exposure to chlorpyrifos during gestation, APOE polymorphism and the risk on autistic-like behaviors. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 237:116969. [PMID: 37659636 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) encompasses several neurodevelopmental conditions characterized by communication and social impairment, as well as repetitive patterns of behavior. However, it can co-occur with other mental conditions such as anxiety. The massive use of chlorpyrifos (CPF) has been linked to the increased prevalence of developmental disorders. Likewise, ASD has also been closely linked to a wide variety of genetic factors. The aims of the present investigation are to study how gestational CPF exposure and APOE polymorphism affects communication skills, early development and mid-term anxiety-like behaviors, as well as, changes in gene expression related to the cholinergic system. C57BL/6J and humanized apoE3 and apoE4 homozygous mice were exposed to 0 or 1 mg/kg/day of CPF through the diet, from gestational day (GD) 12-18. In addition, a group of C57BL/6J females were injected subcutaneously with 300 mg/kg/day of valproic acid (VPA) on GD 12 and 13. This group was used as a positive control for studying some core and associated autism-like behaviors. Communication skills by means of ultrasonic vocalizations and physical/motor development were assessed during the preweaning period, whereas locomotor activity, anxiety-like behaviors and the gene expression of cholinergic elements were evaluated during adolescence. Our results showed that C57BL/6J mice prenatally exposed to CPF or VPA showed a decrease in body weight and a delay in eye opening. Communication and anxiety behavior were affected differently depending on treatment, while gene expression was altered by sex and treatment. In addition, none of the parameters evaluated in apoE transgenic mice exposed to CPF were affected, but there were differences between genotypes. Therefore, we suggest that prenatal CPF exposure and VPA produce divergent effects on communication and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Biosca-Brull
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Research Group in Neurobehavior and Health (NEUROLAB), Tarragona, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Psychology and Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Tarragona, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Center of Environmental, Food and Toxicological Technology (TECNATOX), Reus, Spain.
| | - Pia Basaure
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Research Group in Neurobehavior and Health (NEUROLAB), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Laia Guardia-Escote
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Research Group in Neurobehavior and Health (NEUROLAB), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Maria Cabré
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Research Group in Neurobehavior and Health (NEUROLAB), Tarragona, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jordi Blanco
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Research Group in Neurobehavior and Health (NEUROLAB), Tarragona, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Center of Environmental, Food and Toxicological Technology (TECNATOX), Reus, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Reus, Spain
| | - Miguel Morales-Navas
- Department of Psychology, Health Research Center (CEINSA), Almeria University, 04120, Almeria, Spain
| | - Fernando Sánchez-Santed
- Department of Psychology, Health Research Center (CEINSA), Almeria University, 04120, Almeria, Spain
| | - Maria Teresa Colomina
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Research Group in Neurobehavior and Health (NEUROLAB), Tarragona, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Psychology and Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Tarragona, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Center of Environmental, Food and Toxicological Technology (TECNATOX), Reus, Spain.
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Gautier MK, Kelley CM, Lee SH, Alldred MJ, McDaid J, Mufson EJ, Stutzmann GE, Ginsberg SD. Maternal choline supplementation protects against age-associated cholinergic and GABAergic basal forebrain neuron degeneration in the Ts65Dn mouse model of Down syndrome and Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 188:106332. [PMID: 37890559 PMCID: PMC10752300 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is a genetic disorder caused by triplication of human chromosome 21. In addition to intellectual disability, DS is defined by a premature aging phenotype and Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology, including septohippocampal circuit vulnerability and degeneration of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCNs). The Ts65Dn mouse model recapitulates key aspects of DS/AD pathology, namely age-associated atrophy of BFCNs and cognitive decline in septohippocampal-dependent behavioral tasks. We investigated whether maternal choline supplementation (MCS), a well-tolerated treatment modality, protects vulnerable BFCNs from age- and genotype-associated degeneration in trisomic offspring. We also examined the effect of trisomy, and MCS, on GABAergic basal forebrain parvalbumin neurons (BFPNs), an unexplored neuronal population in this DS model. Unbiased stereological analyses of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)-immunoreactive BFCNs and parvalbumin-immunoreactive BFPNs were conducted using confocal z-stacks of the medial septal nucleus and the vertical limb of the diagonal band (MSN/VDB) in Ts65Dn mice and disomic (2N) littermates at 3-4 and 10-12 months of age. MCS trisomic offspring displayed significant increases in ChAT-immunoreactive neuron number and density compared to unsupplemented counterparts, as well as increases in the area of the MSN/VDB occupied by ChAT-immunoreactive neuropil. MCS also rescued BFPN number and density in Ts65Dn offspring, a novel rescue of a non-cholinergic cell population. Furthermore, MCS prevented age-associated loss of BFCNs and MSN/VDB regional area in 2N offspring, indicating genotype-independent neuroprotective benefits. These findings demonstrate MCS provides neuroprotection of vulnerable BFCNs and non-cholinergic septohippocampal BFPNs, indicating this modality has translational value as an early life therapy for DS, as well as extending benefits to the aging population at large.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan K Gautier
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA; Pathobiology and Translational Medicine Program, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christy M Kelley
- Complex Adaptive Systems Initiative, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA; Institute for Future Health, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Sang Han Lee
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Melissa J Alldred
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - John McDaid
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Therapeutics, Rosalind Franklin University/The Chicago Medical School, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Elliott J Mufson
- Departments of Translational Neuroscience and Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Grace E Stutzmann
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Therapeutics, Rosalind Franklin University/The Chicago Medical School, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Stephen D Ginsberg
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA; NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neuroscience & Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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de Oliveira AÁS, Vieira LC, Dreossi SC, Dorta DJ, Gravato C, da Silva Ferreira ME, Oliveira DPD. Integrating morphological, biochemical, behavioural, and molecular approaches to investigate developmental toxicity triggered by tebuthiuron in zebrafish (Danio rerio). CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 340:139894. [PMID: 37607599 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Tebuthiuron (TBU), a phenylurea herbicide, is widely applied in agricultural and non-agricultural soils. Because TBU resists degradation, it can contaminate water and reach the biota once it is released into the environment. However, the potential toxic effects of TBU on aquatic developing organisms have been poorly studied. By taking advantage of the early-life stages of zebrafish (Danio rerio), we have combined morphological, biochemical, behavioural, and molecular approaches to investigate the developmental toxicity triggered by environmentally relevant concentrations (from 0.1 to 1000 μg/L) of TBU. Exposure to TBU did not elicit morphological abnormalities but it significantly delayed hatching. In addition, TBU altered the frequency of tail coils in one-day post-fertilization (dpf) old embryos. Moreover, TBU exposure during four days significantly inhibited the whole body AChE activity of larvae. At the molecular level, TBU did not significantly affect the mRNA levels of four genes (elavl3, gfap, gap43, and shha) that play key roles during the neurodevelopment of zebrafish. By assessing the motor responses to repeated light-dark stimuli, 6 dpf larvae exposed to TBU displayed hyperactivity, showing greater travelling distance during the dark periods. Our categorization of swimming speed revealed an interesting finding - after the light was turned off, the exposed larvae abandoned the freezing mode (<2 mm/s) and travelled mainly at cruising speed (2-20 mm/s), showing that the larval hyperactivity did not translate into higher swimming velocity. Overall, our results offer new insights into the TBU toxicity to developing organisms, namely effects in AChE activity and hyperactivity, providing support data for future studies considering environmental risk assessment of this herbicide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luiz Carlos Vieira
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Sônia Carvalho Dreossi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Daniel Junqueira Dorta
- Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM), 14800-060, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Carlos Gravato
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Danielle Palma de Oliveira
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM), 14800-060, Araraquara, Brazil
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Bagheri J, Fallahnezhad S, Alipour N, Babaloo H, Tahmasebi F, Kheradmand H, Sazegar G, Haghir H. Maternal diabetes decreases the expression of α2-adrenergic and M2 muscarinic receptors in the visual cortex of male rat neonates. J Chem Neuroanat 2023; 132:102326. [PMID: 37619956 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2023.102326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This study investigates the impact of maternal diabetes on the expression of α2-adrenergic and M2 muscarinic receptors in the primary visual cortex of male offspring born to diabetic rats. MAIN METHODS In adult female rats, a single dose of intraperitoneal streptozotocin (STZ) was used to induce diabetes (Diabetic group). Diabetes was controlled with insulin in the Insulin-treated group. Female rats in the control group received normal saline instead of STZ. Male newborns were euthanized at P0, P7, and P14, and the expression of α2-adrenergic and M2 muscarinic receptors in the primary visual cortex was determined using immunohistochemistry (IHC). KEY FINDINGS The study showed that α2-adrenergic and M2 muscarinic receptors were significantly suppressed in all layers of the primary visual cortex of male neonates born to diabetic rats at P0, P7, and P14 compared to the control group. The highest expression was for the Con group at P14 and the lowest one was in the Dia group at P0 for both receptors. The insulin treatment in diabetic mothers modulated the expression of these receptors to normal levels in their newborns. SIGNIFICANCE The results demonstrate maternal diabetes decreases the expression of α2-adrenergic and M2 muscarinic receptors in the primary visual cortex of male offspring born to diabetic rats. Insulin treatment can offset these effects of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Bagheri
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Somaye Fallahnezhad
- Nervous System Stem Cell Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran; Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Nasim Alipour
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamideh Babaloo
- Department of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, School of Paramedicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Science Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Tahmasebi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamed Kheradmand
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghasem Sazegar
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Haghir
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Medical Genetic Research Center (MGRC), School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Xu F, Thomas JD, Goldowitz D, Hamre KM. The ameliorative effects of choline on ethanol-induced cell death in the neural tube of susceptible BXD strains of mice. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1203597. [PMID: 37790585 PMCID: PMC10543688 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1203597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) are the leading preventable cause of intellectual disability, providing the impetus for evaluating various potential treatments to ameliorate ethanol's teratogenic effects, particularly in the nervous system. One treatment is the dietary supplement choline which has been shown to mitigate at least some of ethanol's teratogenic effects. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of genetics on choline's efficacy in ameliorating cell death in the developing neural tube. Previously, we examined BXD recombinant inbred mice, and their parental C57BL/6 J (B6) and DBA/2 J strains, and identified strains that were sensitive to ethanol's teratogenic actions. Thus, we used these strains to identify response to choline treatment. Materials and methods Timed pregnant mice from 4 strains (B6, BXD51, BXD73, BXD2) were given either ethanol or isocaloric maltose-dextrin (5.8 g/kg in two administrations separated by 2 h) with choline at one of 3 doses: 0, 100 or 250 mg/kg. Subjects were exposed via intragastric gavage on embryonic day 9 and embryos were collected 7 h after the initial ethanol administrations. Cell death was analyzed using TUNEL staining in the developing forebrain and brainstem. Results Choline ameliorated the ethanol-induced cell death across all 4 strains without causing enhanced cell death in control mice. Choline was effective in both the developing telencephalon and in the brainstem. Both doses diminished cell death, with some differences across strains and brain regions, although the 100 mg/kg dose was most consistent in mitigating ethanol-related cell death. Comparisons across strains showed that there was an effect of strain, particularly in the forebrain at the higher dose. Discussion These results show that choline is effective in ameliorating ethanol-induced cell death at this early stage of nervous system development. However, there were some strain differences in its efficacy, especially at the high dose, providing further evidence of the importance of genetics in influencing the ability of choline to protect against prenatal alcohol exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fannia Xu
- University of British Columbia, Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jennifer D. Thomas
- Center for Behavioral Teratology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Dan Goldowitz
- University of British Columbia, Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kristin M. Hamre
- Department Anatomy and Neurobiology, University Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
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Rivai B, Umar AK. Neuroprotective compounds from marine invertebrates. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2023; 12:71. [DOI: 10.1186/s43088-023-00407-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Neuroinflammation is a key pathological feature of a wide variety of neurological disorders, including Parkinson’s, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer’s, and Huntington’s disease. While current treatments for these disorders are primarily symptomatic, there is a growing interest in developing new therapeutics that target the underlying neuroinflammatory processes.
Main body
Marine invertebrates, such as coral, sea urchins, starfish, sponges, and sea cucumbers, have been found to contain a wide variety of biologically active compounds that have demonstrated potential therapeutic properties. These compounds are known to target various key proteins and pathways in neuroinflammation, including 6-hydroxydopamine (OHDH), caspase-3 and caspase-9, p-Akt, p-ERK, p-P38, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), amyloid-β (Aβ), HSF-1, α-synuclein, cellular prion protein, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), paraquat (PQ), and mitochondria DJ-1.
Short conclusion
This review focuses on the current state of research on the neuroprotective effects of compounds found in marine invertebrates and the potential therapeutic implications of these findings for treating neuroinflammatory disorders. We also discussed the challenges and limitations of using marine-based compounds as therapeutics, such as sourcing and sustainability concerns, and the need for more preclinical and clinical studies to establish their efficacy and safety.
Graphical abstract
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Zaghloul N, Cohen NS, Ayasolla KR, Li HL, Kurepa D, Ahmed MN. Galantamine ameliorates hyperoxia-induced brain injury in neonatal mice. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:890015. [PMID: 37424990 PMCID: PMC10323435 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.890015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Prolonged oxygen therapy in preterm infants often leads to cognitive impairment. Hyperoxia leads to excess free radical production with subsequent neuroinflammation, astrogliosis, microgliosis and apoptosis. We hypothesized that Galantamine, an acetyl choline esterase inhibitor and an FDA approved treatment of Alzheimer's disease, will reduce hyperoxic brain injury in neonatal mice and will improve learning and memory. Methods Mouse pups at postnatal day 1 (P1) were placed in a hyperoxia chamber (FiO2 95%) for 7 days. Pups were injected IP daily with Galantamine (5 mg/kg/dose) or saline for 7 days. Results Hyperoxia caused significant neurodegeneration in cholinergic nuclei of the basal forebrain cholinergic system (BFCS), laterodorsal tegmental (LDT) nucleus and nucleus ambiguus (NA). Galantamine ameliorated this neuronal loss. Treated hyperoxic group showed a significant increase of choline acetyl transferase (ChAT) expression and a decrease of acetyl choline esterase activity, thus increasing acetyl choline levels in hyperoxia environment. Hyperoxia increased pro-inflammatory cytokines namely IL -1β, IL-6 and TNF α, HMGB1, NF-κB activation. Galantamine showed its potent anti- inflammatory effect, by blunting cytokines surges among treated group. Treatment with Galantamine increased myelination while reducing apoptosis, microgliosis, astrogliosis and ROS production. Long term neurobehavioral outcomes at P60 showed improved locomotor activity, coordination, learning and memory, along with increased hippocampal volumes on MRI with Galantamine treated versus non treated hyperoxia group. Conclusion Together our findings suggest a potential therapeutic role for Galantamine in attenuating hyperoxia-induced brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahla Zaghloul
- Steele Children's Research Center, Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Naomi S. Cohen
- Neonatology Research Laboratory, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | | | - Hsiu-Ling Li
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, SUNY-Downstate Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Dalibor Kurepa
- Neonatology Research Laboratory, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Mohamed N. Ahmed
- Steele Children's Research Center, Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
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Gaudioso Á, Moreno-Huguet P, Casas J, Schuchman EH, Ledesma MD. Modulation of Dietary Choline Uptake in a Mouse Model of Acid Sphingomyelinase Deficiency. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119756. [PMID: 37298714 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Acid sphingomyelinase deficiency (ASMD) is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutations in the gene-encoding acid sphingomyelinase (ASM). ASMD impacts peripheral organs in all patients, including the liver and spleen. The infantile and chronic neurovisceral forms of the disease also lead to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration for which there is no effective treatment. Cellular accumulation of sphingomyelin (SM) is a pathological hallmark in all tissues. SM is the only sphingolipid comprised of a phosphocholine group linked to ceramide. Choline is an essential nutrient that must be obtained from the diet and its deficiency promotes fatty liver disease in a process dependent on ASM activity. We thus hypothesized that choline deprivation could reduce SM production and have beneficial effects in ASMD. Using acid sphingomyelinase knock-out (ASMko) mice, which mimic neurovisceral ASMD, we have assessed the safety of a choline-free diet and its effects on liver and brain pathological features such as altered sphingolipid and glycerophospholipid composition, inflammation and neurodegeneration. We found that the choline-free diet was safe in our experimental conditions and reduced activation of macrophages and microglia in the liver and brain, respectively. However, there was no significant impact on sphingolipid levels and neurodegeneration was not prevented, arguing against the potential of this nutritional strategy to assist in the management of neurovisceral ASMD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Gaudioso
- Centro Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Eriksson P, Johansson N, Viberg H, Buratovic S, Fredriksson A. Perfluorinated chemicals (PFOA) can, by interacting with highly brominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE 209) during a defined period of neonatal brain development, exacerbate neurobehavioural defects. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2023; 96:107150. [PMID: 36584763 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2022.107150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are ubiquitous persistent environmental compounds, present in humans and at higher levels in infants/children than in adults. This study shows that co-exposure to pentadecafluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and 2,2',3,3',4,4',5,5',6,6'-decaBDE (PBDE 209) can significantly exacerbate developmental neurobehavioural defects. Neonatal male NMRI mice, 3 and 10 days old, were exposed perorally to PBDE 209 (1.4 or 8.0 μmol/kg bw), PFOA (1.4 or 14 μmol/kg bw), co-exposed to PBDE 209 and PFOA (at the given doses), or a vehicle (20% fat emulsion) and observed for spontaneous behaviour in a novel home environment when 2 and 4 months old. The behavioural defects observed included hyperactivity and reduced habituation indicating cognitive defects. This interaction appears most likely dependent on the presence of PBDE 209 and/or its metabolites together with PFOA, during a defined critical period of neonatal brain development, corresponding to the perinatal and newborn period in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Eriksson
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Niclas Johansson
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Henrik Viberg
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sonja Buratovic
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Fredriksson
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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12
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Effect of Sinapic Acid on Scopolamine-Induced Learning and Memory Impairment in SD Rats. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13030427. [PMID: 36979237 PMCID: PMC10046676 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13030427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The seriousness of the diseases caused by aging have recently gained attention. Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a chronic neurodegenerative disease, accounts for 60–80% of senile dementia cases. Continuous research is being conducted on the cause of Alzheimer’s disease, and it is believed to include complex factors, such as genetic factors, the accumulation of amyloid beta plaques, a tangle of tau protein, oxidative stress, cholinergic dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and cell death. Sinapic acid is a hydroxycinnamic acid found in plant families, such as oranges, grapefruit, cranberry, mustard seeds, and rapeseeds. It exhibits various biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, and anti-depressant effects. Sinapic acid is an acetylcholine esterase inhibitor that can be applied to the treatment of dementia caused by Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. However, electrophysiological studies on the effects of sinapic acid on memory and learning must still be conducted. Therefore, it was confirmed that sinapic acid was effective in long-term potentiation (LTP) using organotypic hippocampal segment tissue. In addition, the effect on scopolamine-induced learning and memory impairment was measured by oral administration of sinapic acid 10 mg/kg/day for 14 days, and behavioral experiments related to short-term and long-term spatial memory and avoidance memory were conducted. Sinapic acid increased the activity of the field excitatory postsynaptic potential (fEPSP) in a dose-dependent manner after TBS, and restored fEPSP activity in the CA1 region suppressed by scopolamine. The scopolamine-induced learning and memory impairment group showed lower results than the control group in the Y-maze, Passive avoidance (PA), and Morris water maze (MWM) experiments. Sinapic acid improved avoidance memory, short and long-term spatial recognition learning, and memory. In addition, sinapic acid weakened the inhibition of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) and the activation of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (COX-2) and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) induced by scopolamine in the hippocampus. These results show that sinapic acid is effective in restoring LTP and cognitive impairment induced by the cholinergic receptor blockade. Moreover, it showed the effect of alleviating the reduction in scopolamine-induced BDNF and TrkB, and alleviated neuroinflammatory effects by inhibiting the increase in COX-2 and IL-1β. Therefore, we showed that sinapic acid has potential as a treatment for neurodegenerative cognitive impairment.
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Baker JA, Bodnar TS, Breit KR, Weinberg J, Thomas JD. Choline Supplementation Alters Hippocampal Cytokine Levels in Adolescence and Adulthood in an Animal Model of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders. Cells 2023; 12:546. [PMID: 36831213 PMCID: PMC9953782 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol (ethanol) exposure during pregnancy can adversely affect development, with long-lasting consequences that include neuroimmune, cognitive, and behavioral dysfunction. Alcohol-induced alterations in cytokine levels in the hippocampus may contribute to abnormal cognitive and behavioral outcomes in individuals with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). Nutritional intervention with the essential nutrient choline can improve hippocampal-dependent behavioral impairments and may also influence neuroimmune function. Thus, we examined the effects of choline supplementation on hippocampal cytokine levels in adolescent and adult rats exposed to alcohol early in development. From postnatal day (PD) 4-9 (third trimester-equivalent), Sprague-Dawley rat pups received ethanol (5.25 g/kg/day) or sham intubations and were treated with choline chloride (100 mg/kg/day) or saline from PD 10-30; hippocampi were collected at PD 35 or PD 60. Age-specific ethanol-induced increases in interferon gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and keratinocyte chemoattractant/human growth-regulated oncogene (KC/GRO) were identified in adulthood, but not adolescence, whereas persistent ethanol-induced increases of interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were present at both ages. Interestingly, choline supplementation reduced age-related changes in interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and interleukin-5 (IL-5) as well as mitigating the long-lasting increase in IFN-γ in ethanol-exposed adults. Moreover, choline influenced inflammatory tone by modulating ratios of pro- to -anti-inflammatory cytokines. These results suggest that ethanol-induced changes in hippocampal cytokine levels are more evident during adulthood than adolescence, and that choline can mitigate some effects of ethanol exposure on long-lasting inflammatory tone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A. Baker
- Center for Behavioral Teratology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92120, USA
| | - Tamara S. Bodnar
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Kristen R. Breit
- Center for Behavioral Teratology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92120, USA
- Department of Psychology, West Chester University, West Chester, PA 19383, USA
| | - Joanne Weinberg
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Jennifer D. Thomas
- Center for Behavioral Teratology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92120, USA
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14
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Simonetti S, Zupo V, Gambi MC, Luckenbach T, Corsi I. Unraveling cellular and molecular mechanisms of acid stress tolerance and resistance in marine species: New frontiers in the study of adaptation to ocean acidification. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 185:114365. [PMID: 36435021 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Since the industrial revolution, fossil fuel combustion has led to a 30 %-increase of the atmospheric CO2 concentration, also increasing the ocean partial CO2 pressure. The consequent lowered surface seawater pH is termed ocean acidification (OA) and severely affects marine life on a global scale. Cellular and molecular responses of marine species to lowered seawater pH have been studied but information on the mechanisms driving the tolerance of adapted species to comparatively low seawater pH is limited. Such information may be obtained from species inhabiting sites with naturally low water pH that have evolved remarkable abilities to tolerate such conditions. This review gathers information on current knowledge about species naturally facing low water pH conditions and on cellular and molecular adaptive mechanisms enabling the species to survive under, and even benefit from, adverse pH conditions. Evidences derived from case studies on naturally acidified systems and on resistance mechanisms will guide predictions on the consequences of future adverse OA scenarios for marine biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Simonetti
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, via Mattioli, 4, 53100 Siena, Italy; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, National Institute of Marine Biology, Ecology and Biotechnology, Dep.t of BluBioTech, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Valerio Zupo
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, National Institute of Marine Biology, Ecology and Biotechnology, Dep.t of BluBioTech, Napoli, Italy.
| | | | - Till Luckenbach
- Department Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Ilaria Corsi
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, via Mattioli, 4, 53100 Siena, Italy.
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Common Neuroanatomical Substrate of Cholinergic Pathways and Language-Related Brain Regions as an Explanatory Framework for Evaluating the Efficacy of Cholinergic Pharmacotherapy in Post-Stroke Aphasia: A Review. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12101273. [PMID: 36291207 PMCID: PMC9599395 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12101273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the relative scarcity of studies focusing on pharmacotherapy in aphasia, there is evidence in the literature indicating that remediation of language disorders via pharmaceutical agents could be a promising aphasia treatment option. Among the various agents used to treat chronic aphasic deficits, cholinergic drugs have provided meaningful results. In the current review, we focused on published reports investigating the impact of acetylcholine on language and other cognitive disturbances. It has been suggested that acetylcholine plays an important role in neuroplasticity and is related to several aspects of cognition, such as memory and attention. Moreover, cholinergic input is diffused to a wide network of cortical areas, which have been associated with language sub-processes. This could be a possible explanation for the positive reported outcomes of cholinergic drugs in aphasia recovery, and specifically in distinct language processes, such as naming and comprehension, as well as overall communication competence. However, evidence with regard to functional alterations in specific brain areas after pharmacotherapy is rather limited. Finally, despite the positive results derived from the relevant studies, cholinergic pharmacotherapy treatment in post-stroke aphasia has not been widely implemented. The present review aims to provide an overview of the existing literature in the common neuroanatomical substrate of cholinergic pathways and language related brain areas as a framework for interpreting the efficacy of cholinergic pharmacotherapy interventions in post-stroke aphasia, following an integrated approach by converging evidence from neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, and neuropsychology.
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16
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Biosca-Brull J, Guardia-Escote L, Blanco J, Basaure P, Cabré M, Sánchez-Santed F, Domingo JL, Colomina MT. Prenatal, but not postnatal exposure to chlorpyrifos affects social behavior of mice and the excitatory-inhibitory balance in a sex-dependent manner. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 169:113423. [PMID: 36113784 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The balance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters is essential for proper brain development. An imbalance between these two systems has been associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. On the other hand, literature also associates the massive use of pesticides with the increase of these disorders, with a particular focus on chlorpyrifos (CPF) a world-wide used organophosphate pesticide. This study was aimed at assessing social autistic-like behaviors on mice pre or postnatally exposed to CPF (0 or 1 mg/kg/day), in both sexes. In prenatal exposure, C57BL/6J pregnant mice were exposed to CPF through the diet, between gestational days (GD) 12 and 18, while a positive control group for some autistic behaviors was exposed to valproic acid (VPA) on GD 12 and 13. To assess postnatal exposure, C57BL/6J mice were orally exposed to the vehicle (corn oil) or CPF, from postnatal days (PND) 10-15. Social behavior and gene expression analysis were assessed on PND 45. Results showed social alterations only in males prenatally treated. GABA system was upregulated in CPF-treated females, whereas an increase in both systems was observed in both treated males. These findings suggest that males are more sensitive to prenatal CPF exposure, favoring the sex bias observed in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Biosca-Brull
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Research Group in Neurobehavior and Health (NEUROLAB), Tarragona, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Psychology and Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Tarragona, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health (TECNATOX), Reus, Spain.
| | - Laia Guardia-Escote
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Research Group in Neurobehavior and Health (NEUROLAB), Tarragona, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Psychology and Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jordi Blanco
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Research Group in Neurobehavior and Health (NEUROLAB), Tarragona, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health (TECNATOX), Reus, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Reus, Spain
| | - Pia Basaure
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Research Group in Neurobehavior and Health (NEUROLAB), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Maria Cabré
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Research Group in Neurobehavior and Health (NEUROLAB), Tarragona, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Fernando Sánchez-Santed
- Department of Psychology, Health Research Center (CEINSA), Almeria University, 04120, Almeria, Spain
| | - José L Domingo
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health (TECNATOX), Reus, Spain
| | - Maria Teresa Colomina
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Research Group in Neurobehavior and Health (NEUROLAB), Tarragona, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Psychology and Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Tarragona, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health (TECNATOX), Reus, Spain.
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17
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Baldassari S, Cervetto C, Amato S, Fruscione F, Balagura G, Pelassa S, Musante I, Iacomino M, Traverso M, Corradi A, Scudieri P, Maura G, Marcoli M, Zara F. Vesicular Glutamate Release from Feeder-FreehiPSC-Derived Neurons. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810545. [PMID: 36142455 PMCID: PMC9501332 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) represent one of the main and powerful tools for the in vitro modeling of neurological diseases. Standard hiPSC-based protocols make use of animal-derived feeder systems to better support the neuronal differentiation process. Despite their efficiency, such protocols may not be appropriate to dissect neuronal specific properties or to avoid interspecies contaminations, hindering their future translation into clinical and drug discovery approaches. In this work, we focused on the optimization of a reproducible protocol in feeder-free conditions able to generate functional glutamatergic neurons. This protocol is based on a generation of neuroprecursor cells differentiated into human neurons with the administration in the culture medium of specific neurotrophins in a Geltrex-coated substrate. We confirmed the efficiency of this protocol through molecular analysis (upregulation of neuronal markers and neurotransmitter receptors assessed by gene expression profiling and expression of the neuronal markers at the protein level), morphological analysis, and immunfluorescence detection of pre-synaptic and post-synaptic markers at synaptic boutons. The hiPSC-derived neurons acquired Ca2+-dependent glutamate release properties as a hallmark of neuronal maturation. In conclusion, our study describes a new methodological approach to achieve feeder-free neuronal differentiation from hiPSC and adds a new tool for functional characterization of hiPSC-derived neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Baldassari
- Unit of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Chiara Cervetto
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy
- Interuniversity Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching and Research (Centro 3R), 56100 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Sarah Amato
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy
| | - Floriana Fruscione
- Unit of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Ganna Balagura
- Unit of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Largo Paolo Daneo 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Simone Pelassa
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy
| | - Ilaria Musante
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Largo Paolo Daneo 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Michele Iacomino
- Unit of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Monica Traverso
- Paediatric Neurology and Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Anna Corradi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Paolo Scudieri
- Unit of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Largo Paolo Daneo 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Guido Maura
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy
| | - Manuela Marcoli
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy
- Interuniversity Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching and Research (Centro 3R), 56100 Pisa, Italy
- Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, Viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genova, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Federico Zara
- Unit of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Largo Paolo Daneo 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
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18
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Aronowitz AL, Ali SR, Glaun MDE, Amit M. Acetylcholine in Carcinogenesis and Targeting Cholinergic Receptors in Oncology. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2022; 6:e2200053. [PMID: 35858206 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Tumor cells modulate and are modulated by their microenvironments, which include the nervous system. Accumulating evidence links the overexpression and activity of nicotinic and muscarinic cholinergic receptor subtypes to tumorigenesis in breast, ovarian, prostate, gastric, pancreatic, and head and neck cancers. Nicotinic and muscarinic receptors have downstream factors are associated with angiogenesis, cell proliferation and migration, antiapoptotic signaling, and survival. Clinical trials analyzing the efficacy of various therapies targeting cholinergic signaling or downstream pathways of acetylcholine have shed promising light on novel cancer therapeutics. Although the evidence for cholinergic signaling involvement in tumor development is substantial, a more detailed understanding of the acetylcholine-induced mechanisms of tumorigenesis remains to be unlocked. Such an understanding would enable the development of clinical applications ranging from the identification of novel biomarkers to the utilization of existing drugs to modulate cholinergic signaling to the development of novel cancer therapies, as discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra L Aronowitz
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Shahrukh R Ali
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Mica D E Glaun
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Moran Amit
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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19
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Saad AK, Akour A, Mahboob A, AbuRuz S, Sadek B. Role of Brain Modulators in Neurodevelopment: Focus on Autism Spectrum Disorder and Associated Comorbidities. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:612. [PMID: 35631438 PMCID: PMC9144645 DOI: 10.3390/ph15050612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and associated neurodevelopmental disorders share similar pathogenesis and clinical features. Pathophysiological changes in these diseases are rooted in early neuronal stem cells in the uterus. Several genetic and environmental factors potentially perturb neurogenesis and synaptogenesis processes causing incomplete or altered maturation of the brain that precedes the symptomology later in life. In this review, the impact of several endogenous neuromodulators and pharmacological agents on the foetus during pregnancy, manifested on numerous aspects of neurodevelopment is discussed. Within this context, some possible insults that may alter these modulators and therefore alter their role in neurodevelopment are high-lighted. Sometimes, a particular insult could influence several neuromodulator systems as is supported by recent research in the field of ASD and associated disorders. Dopaminergic hy-pothesis prevailed on the table for discussion of the pathogenesis of schizophrenia (SCH), atten-tion-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and ASD for a long time. However, recent cumulative evidence suggests otherwise. Indeed, the neuromodulators that are dysregulated in ASD and comorbid disorders are as diverse as the causes and symptoms of this disease. Additionally, these neuromodulators have roles in brain development, further complicating their involvement in comorbidity. This review will survey the current understanding of the neuromodulating systems to serve the pharmacological field during pregnancy and to minimize drug-related insults in pa-tients with ASD and associated comorbidity disorders, e.g., SCH or ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali K. Saad
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates; (A.K.S.); (A.A.); (S.A.)
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amal Akour
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates; (A.K.S.); (A.A.); (S.A.)
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman P.O. Box 11942, Jordan
| | - Abdulla Mahboob
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Salahdein AbuRuz
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates; (A.K.S.); (A.A.); (S.A.)
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman P.O. Box 11942, Jordan
| | - Bassem Sadek
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates; (A.K.S.); (A.A.); (S.A.)
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates
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20
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Organophosphorus Pesticides as Modulating Substances of Inflammation through the Cholinergic Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094523. [PMID: 35562914 PMCID: PMC9104626 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) are widespread insecticides used for pest control in agricultural activities and the control of the vectors of human and animal diseases. However, OPs’ neurotoxic mechanism involves cholinergic components, which, beyond being involved in the transmission of neuronal signals, also influence the activity of cytokines and other pro-inflammatory molecules; thus, acute and chronic exposure to OPs may be related to the development of chronic degenerative pathologies and other inflammatory diseases. The present article reviews and discusses the experimental evidence linking inflammatory process with OP-induced cholinergic dysregulation, emphasizing the molecular mechanisms related to the role of cytokines and cellular alterations in humans and other animal models, and possible therapeutic targets to inhibit inflammation.
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21
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SAMe, Choline, and Valproic Acid as Possible Epigenetic Drugs: Their Effects in Pregnancy with a Special Emphasis on Animal Studies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15020192. [PMID: 35215304 PMCID: PMC8879727 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we discuss the functions and main effects on pregnancy outcomes of three agents that have the ability to induce epigenetic modifications: valproic acid (VPA), a well-known teratogen that is a histone deacetylase inhibitor; S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe), the most effective methyl donor; and choline, an important micronutrient involved in the one methyl group cycle and in the synthesis of SAMe. Our aim was to describe the possible effects of these compounds when administered during pregnancy on the developing embryo and fetus or, if administered postnatally, their effects on the developing child. These substances are able to modify gene expression and possibly alleviate neurobehavioral changes in disturbances that have epigenetic origins, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), depression, Rett syndrome, and fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). Valproic acid and SAMe are antagonistic epigenetic modulators whether administered in utero or postnatally. However, VPA is a major human teratogen and, whenever possible, should not be used by pregnant women. Most currently relevant data come from experimental animal studies that aimed to explore the possibility of using these substances as epigenetic modifiers and possible therapeutic agents. In experimental animals, each of these substances was able to alleviate the severity of several well-known diseases by inducing changes in the expression of affected genes or by other yet unknown mechanisms. We believe that additional studies are needed to further explore the possibility of using these substances, and similar compounds, for the treatment of ”epigenetic human diseases”.
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22
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Bahnfleth CL, Strupp BJ, Caudill MA, Canfield RL. Prenatal choline supplementation improves child sustained attention: A 7-year follow-up of a randomized controlled feeding trial. FASEB J 2021; 36:e22054. [PMID: 34962672 PMCID: PMC9303951 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101217r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Numerous rodent studies demonstrate developmental programming of offspring cognition by maternal choline intake, with prenatal choline deprivation causing lasting adverse effects and supplemental choline producing lasting benefits. Few human studies have evaluated the effect of maternal choline supplementation on offspring cognition, with none following children to school age. Here, we report results from a controlled feeding study in which pregnant women were randomized to consume 480 mg choline/d (approximately the Adequate Intake [AI]) or 930 mg choline/d during the 3rd trimester. Sustained attention was assessed in the offspring at age 7 years (n = 20) using a signal detection task that showed benefits of maternal choline supplementation in a murine model. Children in the 930 mg/d group showed superior performance (vs. 480 mg/d group) on the primary endpoint (SAT score, p = .02) and a superior ability to maintain correct signal detections (hits) across the 12‐min session (p = .02), indicative of improved sustained attention. This group difference in vigilance decrement varied by signal duration (p = .04). For the briefest (17 ms) signals, the 480 mg/d group showed a 22.9% decline in hits across the session compared to a 1.5% increase in hits for the 930 mg/d group (p = .04). The groups did not differ in vigilance decrement for 29 or 50 ms signals. This pattern suggests an enhanced ability to sustain perceptual amplification of a brief low‐contrast visual signal by children in the 930 mg/d group. This inference of improved sustained attention by the 930 mg/d group is strengthened by the absence of group differences for false alarms, omissions, and off‐task behaviors. This pattern of results indicates that maternal 3rd trimester consumption of the choline AI for pregnancy (vs. double the AI) produces offspring with a poorer ability to sustain attention—reinforcing concerns that, on average, choline consumption by pregnant women is approximately 70% of the AI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Barbara J Strupp
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.,Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Marie A Caudill
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Richard L Canfield
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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23
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Cirnaru MD, Creus-Muncunill J, Nelson S, Lewis TB, Watson J, Ellerby LM, Gonzalez-Alegre P, Ehrlich ME. Striatal Cholinergic Dysregulation after Neonatal Decrease in X-Linked Dystonia Parkinsonism-Related TAF1 Isoforms. Mov Disord 2021; 36:2780-2794. [PMID: 34403156 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND X-linked dystonia parkinsonism is a generalized, progressive dystonia followed by parkinsonism with onset in adulthood and accompanied by striatal neurodegeneration. Causative mutations are located in a noncoding region of the TATA-box binding protein-associated factor 1 (TAF1) gene and result in aberrant splicing. There are 2 major TAF1 isoforms that may be decreased in symptomatic patients, including the ubiquitously expressed canonical cTAF1 and the neuronal-specific nTAF1. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine the behavioral and transcriptomic effects of decreased cTAF1 and/or nTAF1 in vivo. METHODS We generated adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors encoding microRNAs targeting Taf1 in a splice-isoform selective manner. We performed intracerebroventricular viral injections in newborn mice and rats and intrastriatal infusions in 3-week-old rats. The effects of Taf1 knockdown were assayed at 4 months of age with evaluation of motor function, histology, and RNA sequencing of the striatum, followed by its validation. RESULTS We report motor deficits in all cohorts, more pronounced in animals injected at P0, in which we also identified transcriptomic alterations in multiple neuronal pathways, including the cholinergic synapse. In both species, we show a reduced number of striatal cholinergic interneurons and their marker mRNAs after Taf1 knockdown in the newborn. CONCLUSION This study provides novel information regarding the requirement for TAF1 in the postnatal maintenance of striatal cholinergic neurons, the dysfunction of which is involved in other inherited forms of dystonia. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Daniela Cirnaru
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jordi Creus-Muncunill
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Shareen Nelson
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular & Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Travis B Lewis
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular & Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jaime Watson
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular & Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lisa M Ellerby
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, USA
| | - Pedro Gonzalez-Alegre
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular & Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michelle E Ehrlich
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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24
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Fish LA, Nyström P, Gliga T, Gui A, Begum Ali J, Mason L, Garg S, Green J, Johnson MH, Charman T, Harrison R, Meaburn E, Falck-Ytter T, Jones EJH. Development of the pupillary light reflex from 9 to 24 months: association with common autism spectrum disorder (ASD) genetic liability and 3-year ASD diagnosis. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2021; 62:1308-1319. [PMID: 34492739 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is heritable, the mechanisms through which genes contribute to symptom emergence remain unclear. Investigating candidate intermediate phenotypes such as the pupillary light reflex (PLR) prospectively from early in development could bridge genotype and behavioural phenotype. METHODS Using eye tracking, we longitudinally measured the PLR at 9, 14 and 24 months in a sample of infants (N = 264) enriched for a family history of ASD; 27 infants received an ASD diagnosis at 3 years. We examined the 9- to 24-month developmental trajectories of PLR constriction latency (onset; ms) and amplitude (%) and explored their relation to categorical 3-year ASD outcome, polygenic liability for ASD and dimensional 3-year social affect (SA) and repetitive/restrictive behaviour (RRB) traits. Polygenic scores for ASD (PGSASD ) were calculated for 190 infants. RESULTS While infants showed a decrease in latency between 9 and 14 months, higher PGSASD was associated with a smaller decrease in latency in the first year (β = -.16, 95% CI = -0.31, -0.002); infants with later ASD showed a significantly steeper decrease in latency (a putative 'catch-up') between 14 and 24 months relative to those with other outcomes (typical: β = .54, 95% CI = 0.08, 0.99; other: β = .53, 95% CI = 0.02, 1.04). Latency development did not associate with later dimensional variation in ASD-related traits. In contrast, change in amplitude was not related to categorical ASD or genetics, but decreasing 9- to 14-month amplitude was associated with higher SA (β = .08, 95% CI = 0.01, 0.14) and RRB (β = .05, 95% CI = 0.004, 0.11) traits. CONCLUSIONS These findings corroborate PLR development as possible intermediate phenotypes being linked to both genetic liability and phenotypic outcomes. Future work should incorporate alternative measures (e.g. functionally informed structural and genetic measures) to test whether distinct neural mechanisms underpin PLR alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurel A Fish
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Pär Nyström
- Uppsala Child & Babylab, Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Teodora Gliga
- School of Psychology, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Anna Gui
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck College, University of London, London, UK
| | - Jannath Begum Ali
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck College, University of London, London, UK
| | - Luke Mason
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck College, University of London, London, UK
| | - Shruti Garg
- Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jonathan Green
- Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Mark H Johnson
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck College, University of London, London, UK.,Department of Psychology, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tony Charman
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Rebecca Harrison
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck College, University of London, London, UK
| | - Emma Meaburn
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck College, University of London, London, UK
| | - Terje Falck-Ytter
- Development and Neurodiversity Lab (DIVE), Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden.,Swedish Collegium for Advanced Study (SCAS), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Emily J H Jones
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck College, University of London, London, UK
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25
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Powers BE, Velazquez R, Strawderman MS, Ginsberg SD, Mufson EJ, Strupp BJ. Maternal Choline Supplementation as a Potential Therapy for Down Syndrome: Assessment of Effects Throughout the Lifespan. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:723046. [PMID: 34690739 PMCID: PMC8527982 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.723046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal choline supplementation (MCS) has emerged as a promising therapy to lessen the cognitive and affective dysfunction associated with Down syndrome (DS). Choline is an essential nutrient, especially important during pregnancy due to its wide-ranging ontogenetic roles. Using the Ts65Dn mouse model of DS, our group has demonstrated that supplementing the maternal diet with additional choline (4-5 × standard levels) during pregnancy and lactation improves spatial cognition, attention, and emotion regulation in the adult offspring. The behavioral benefits were associated with a rescue of septohippocampal circuit atrophy. These results have been replicated across a series of independent studies, although the magnitude of the cognitive benefit has varied. We hypothesized that this was due, at least in part, to differences in the age of the subjects at the time of testing. Here, we present new data that compares the effects of MCS on the attentional function of adult Ts65Dn offspring, which began testing at two different ages (6 vs. 12 months of age). These data replicate and extend the results of our previous reports, showing a clear pattern indicating that MCS has beneficial effects in Ts65Dn offspring throughout life, but that the magnitude of the benefit (relative to non-supplemented offspring) diminishes with aging, possibly because of the onset of Alzheimer's disease-like neuropathology. In light of growing evidence that increased maternal choline intake during pregnancy is beneficial to the cognitive and affective functioning of all offspring (e.g., neurotypical and DS), the addition of this nutrient to a prenatal vitamin regimen would be predicted to have population-wide benefits and provide early intervention for fetuses with DS, notably including babies born to mothers unaware that they are carrying a fetus with DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian E. Powers
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
- Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, IL, United States
| | - Ramon Velazquez
- Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
- Arizona State University-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Myla S. Strawderman
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Stephen D. Ginsberg
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- New York University Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Elliott J. Mufson
- Departments of Translational Neuroscience and Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Barbara J. Strupp
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
- Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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26
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Morey TM, Esmaeili MA, Duennwald ML, Rylett RJ. SPAAC Pulse-Chase: A Novel Click Chemistry-Based Method to Determine the Half-Life of Cellular Proteins. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:722560. [PMID: 34557490 PMCID: PMC8452969 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.722560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Assessing the stability and degradation of proteins is central to the study of cellular biological processes. Here, we describe a novel pulse-chase method to determine the half-life of cellular proteins that overcomes the limitations of other commonly used approaches. This method takes advantage of pulse-labeling of nascent proteins in living cells with the bioorthogonal amino acid L-azidohomoalanine (AHA) that is compatible with click chemistry-based modifications. We validate this method in both mammalian and yeast cells by assessing both over-expressed and endogenous proteins using various fluorescent and chemiluminescent click chemistry-compatible probes. Importantly, while cellular stress responses are induced to a limited extent following live-cell AHA pulse-labeling, we also show that this response does not result in changes in cell viability and growth. Moreover, this method is not compromised by the cytotoxicity evident in other commonly used protein half-life measurement methods and it does not require the use of radioactive amino acids. This new method thus presents a versatile, customizable, and valuable addition to the toolbox available to cell biologists to determine the stability of cellular proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor M Morey
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Mohammad Ali Esmaeili
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Martin L Duennwald
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - R Jane Rylett
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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27
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Buck JM, Yu L, Knopik VS, Stitzel JA. DNA methylome perturbations: an epigenetic basis for the emergingly heritable neurodevelopmental abnormalities associated with maternal smoking and maternal nicotine exposure†. Biol Reprod 2021; 105:644-666. [PMID: 34270696 PMCID: PMC8444709 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with an ensemble of neurodevelopmental consequences in children and therefore constitutes a pressing public health concern. Adding to this burden, contemporary epidemiological and especially animal model research suggests that grandmaternal smoking is similarly associated with neurodevelopmental abnormalities in grandchildren, indicative of intergenerational transmission of the neurodevelopmental impacts of maternal smoking. Probing the mechanistic bases of neurodevelopmental anomalies in the children of maternal smokers and the intergenerational transmission thereof, emerging research intimates that epigenetic changes, namely DNA methylome perturbations, are key factors. Altogether, these findings warrant future research to fully elucidate the etiology of neurodevelopmental impairments in the children and grandchildren of maternal smokers and underscore the clear potential thereof to benefit public health by informing the development and implementation of preventative measures, prophylactics, and treatments. To this end, the present review aims to encapsulate the burgeoning evidence linking maternal smoking to intergenerational epigenetic inheritance of neurodevelopmental abnormalities, to identify the strengths and weaknesses thereof, and to highlight areas of emphasis for future human and animal model research therein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan M Buck
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Li Yu
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Valerie S Knopik
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Jerry A Stitzel
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
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28
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Corsetti V, Perrone-Capano C, Salazar Intriago MS, Botticelli E, Poiana G, Augusti-Tocco G, Biagioni S, Tata AM. Expression of Cholinergic Markers and Characterization of Splice Variants during Ontogenesis of Rat Dorsal Root Ganglia Neurons. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115499. [PMID: 34071104 PMCID: PMC8197147 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons synthesize acetylcholine (ACh), in addition to their peptidergic nature. They also release ACh and are cholinoceptive, as they express cholinergic receptors. During gangliogenesis, ACh plays an important role in neuronal differentiation, modulating neuritic outgrowth and neurospecific gene expression. Starting from these data, we studied the expression of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and vesicular ACh transporter (VAChT) expression in rat DRG neurons. ChAT and VAChT genes are arranged in a “cholinergic locus”, and several splice variants have been described. Using selective primers, we characterized splice variants of these cholinergic markers, demonstrating that rat DRGs express R1, R2, M, and N variants for ChAT and V1, V2, R1, and R2 splice variants for VAChT. Moreover, by RT-PCR analysis, we observed a progressive decrease in ChAT and VAChT transcripts from the late embryonic developmental stage (E18) to postnatal P2 and P15 and in the adult DRG. Interestingly, Western blot analyses and activity assays demonstrated that ChAT levels significantly increased during DRG ontogenesis. The modulated expression of different ChAT and VAChT splice variants during development suggests a possible differential regulation of cholinergic marker expression in sensory neurons and confirms multiple roles for ACh in DRG neurons, both in the embryo stage and postnatally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Corsetti
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (V.C.); (M.S.S.I.); (E.B.); (G.P.); (G.A.-T.); (S.B.)
| | - Carla Perrone-Capano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy;
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “Adriano Buzzati Traverso”, CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Michael Sebastian Salazar Intriago
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (V.C.); (M.S.S.I.); (E.B.); (G.P.); (G.A.-T.); (S.B.)
| | - Elisabetta Botticelli
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (V.C.); (M.S.S.I.); (E.B.); (G.P.); (G.A.-T.); (S.B.)
| | - Giancarlo Poiana
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (V.C.); (M.S.S.I.); (E.B.); (G.P.); (G.A.-T.); (S.B.)
- Research Center of Neuroscience Daniel Bovet, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella Augusti-Tocco
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (V.C.); (M.S.S.I.); (E.B.); (G.P.); (G.A.-T.); (S.B.)
- Research Center of Neuroscience Daniel Bovet, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Biagioni
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (V.C.); (M.S.S.I.); (E.B.); (G.P.); (G.A.-T.); (S.B.)
- Research Center of Neuroscience Daniel Bovet, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Ada Maria Tata
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (V.C.); (M.S.S.I.); (E.B.); (G.P.); (G.A.-T.); (S.B.)
- Research Center of Neuroscience Daniel Bovet, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-4991-2822
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29
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Karnib N, van Staaden MJ. The Deep Roots of Addiction: A Comparative Perspective. BRAIN, BEHAVIOR AND EVOLUTION 2021; 95:222-229. [PMID: 33567426 DOI: 10.1159/000514180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Addiction is a debilitating condition that extracts enormous social and economic tolls. Despite several decades of research, our knowledge of its etiology, preventive measures, and treatments is limited. A relatively recent research field with the potential to provide a more holistic understanding, and subsequently treatments, takes a phylogenetic view of addiction. This perspective is based on deep homologies at the genetic, proteomic, and behavioral levels, which are shared across all metazoan life; particularly those organisms faced with plant secondary metabolites as defensive compounds against insect herbivory. These addictive alkaloids, such as nicotine, cocaine, or cathinone, are commonly referred to as "human drugs of abuse" even though humans had little to no role in the co-evolutionary processes that determined their initial emergence or continued selection. This commentary discusses the overwhelming homologies of addictive alkaloid effects on neural systems across a wide range of taxa, as we aim to develop a broader comparative view of the "addicted brain." Taking nicotine as an example, homologous physiological responses to this compound identify common underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms that advocate for the adoption of a phylogenetic view of addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil Karnib
- Department of Biological Sciences, JP Scott Center for Neuroscience, Mind and Behavior, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio, USA
| | - Moira J van Staaden
- Department of Biological Sciences, JP Scott Center for Neuroscience, Mind and Behavior, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio, USA,
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30
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Sex- and age-dependent differences in nicotine susceptibility evoked by developmental exposure to tobacco smoke and/or ethanol in mice. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2020; 12:940-951. [PMID: 33292889 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174420001191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Either tobacco smoking or alcohol consumption during pregnancy sex-selectively increases susceptibility to drugs of abuse later in life. Considering that pregnant smoking women are frequently intermittent consumers of alcoholic beverages, here, we investigated whether a short-term ethanol exposure restricted to the brain growth spurt period when combined with chronic developmental exposure to tobacco smoke aggravates susceptibility to nicotine in adolescent and adult mice. Swiss male and female mice were exposed to tobacco smoke (SMK; research cigarettes 3R4F, whole-body exposure, 8 h/daily) or ambient air during the gestational period and until the tenth postnatal day (PN). Ethanol (ETOH, 2 g/Kg, 25%, i.p.) or saline was injected in the pups every other day from PN2 to PN10. There were no significant differences in cotinine (nicotine metabolite) and ethanol serum levels among SMK, ETOH and SMK + ETOH groups. During adolescence (PN30) and adulthood (PN90), nicotine (NIC, 0.5 mg/Kg) susceptibility was evaluated in the conditioned place preference and open field tests. NIC impact was more evident in females: SMK, ETOH and SMK + ETOH adolescent females were equally more susceptible to nicotine-induced place preference than control animals. At adulthood, SMK and SMK + ETOH adult females exhibited a nicotine-evoked hyperlocomotor profile in the open field, with a stronger effect in the SMK + ETOH group. Our results indicate that ethanol exposure during the brain growth spurt, when combined to developmental exposure to tobacco smoke, increases nicotine susceptibility with stronger effects in adult females. This result represents a worsened outcome from the early developmental dual exposure and may predispose nicotine use/abuse later in life.
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31
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Kotsyuba E, Dyachuk V. Localization of neurons expressing choline acetyltransferase, serotonin and/or FMRFamide in the central nervous system of the decapod shore crab Hemigrapsus sanguineus. Cell Tissue Res 2020; 383:959-977. [PMID: 33237479 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03309-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Although it is now established that neurons in crustacea contain multiple transmitter substances, little is know about patterns of expression and co-expression or about the functional effects of such co-transmission. The present study was designed to characterize the distributions and potential colocalization of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), serotonin (5-HT) and neuropeptide H-Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2 (FMRFamide) in the central nervous system (CNS) of the Asian shore crab, Hemigrapsus sanguineus using immunohistochemical analyses in combination with laser scanning confocal microscopy. ChAT was found to be expressed by small, medium-sized, and large neurons in all regions of the brain and ventral nerve cord (VNC). For the most part, ChAT, FMRFamide, and 5-HT are expressed in different neurons, although some colocalization of ChAT- with FMRFamide- or 5-HT-LIR is observed in small and medium-sized cells, mostly neurons that immunostain only weakly. In the brain, such double immunolabeling is observed primarily in neurons of the protocerebrum and, to a particularly great extent, in local olfactory interneurons of the deutocerebrum. The clusters of neurons in the VNC that stain most intensely for ChAT, FMRFamide, and 5-HT, with colocalization in some cases, are located in the subesophageal ganglia. This colocalization appears to be related to function, since it is present in regions of the CNS characterized by multiple afferent projections and outputs to a variety of functionally related centers involved in various physiological and behavioral processes. Further elucidation of the functional significance of these neurons and of the widespread process of co-transmission in the crustaceans should provide fascinating new insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Kotsyuba
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690041, Russia
| | - Vyacheslav Dyachuk
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690041, Russia.
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Coppi E, Cherchi F, Sarchielli E, Fusco I, Guarnieri G, Gallina P, Corradetti R, Pedata F, Vannelli GB, Pugliese AM, Morelli A. Acetylcholine modulates K + and Na + currents in human basal forebrain cholinergic neuroblasts through an autocrine/paracrine mechanism. J Neurochem 2020; 157:1182-1195. [PMID: 33030215 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The Nucleus Basalis of Meynert (NBM) is the main source of cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain to be crucially involved in cognitive functions and whose degeneration correlates with cognitive decline in major degenerative pathologies as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. However, knowledge concerning NBM neurons derived from human brain is very limited to date. We recently characterized a primary culture of proliferating neuroblasts isolated from the human fetal NBM (hfNBM) as immature cholinergic neurons expressing the machinery to synthetize and release acetylcholine. Here we studied in detail electrophysiological features and cholinergic effects in this cell culture by patch-clamp recordings. Our data demonstrate that atropine-blocked muscarinic receptor activation by acetylcholine or carbachol enhanced IK and reduced INa currents by stimulating Gi -coupled M2 or phospholipase C-coupled M3 receptors, respectively. Inhibition of acetylcholine esterase activity by neostigmine unveiled a spontaneous acetylcholine release from hfNBM neuroblasts that might account for an autocrine/paracrine signaling during human brain development. Present data provide the first description of cholinergic effects in human NBM neurons and point to a role of acetylcholine as an autocrine/paracrine modulator of voltage-dependent channels. Our research could be of relevance in understanding the mechanisms of cholinergic system development and functions in the human brain, either in health or disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Coppi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Firenze, Italy
| | - Federica Cherchi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Firenze, Italy
| | - Erica Sarchielli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Irene Fusco
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Firenze, Italy
| | - Giulia Guarnieri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Pasquale Gallina
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Firenze, Italy
| | - Renato Corradetti
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Firenze, Italy
| | - Felicita Pedata
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Firenze, Italy
| | - Gabriella B Vannelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Pugliese
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Firenze, Italy
| | - Annamaria Morelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Díaz-Resendiz KJG, Bernal-Ortega JA, Covantes-Rosales CE, Ortiz-Lazareno PC, Toledo-Ibarra GA, Ventura-Ramon GH, Girón-Pérez MI. In-vitro effect of diazoxon, a metabolite of diazinon, on proliferation, signal transduction, and death induction in mononuclear cells of Nile tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 105:8-15. [PMID: 32629105 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The immune response of teleosts (bonefish) is altered by diazinon (DZN), an organophosphate pesticide. It has been suggested that such alteration is due to the extraneuronal cholinergic system in fish leukocytes that renders these cells a target of pesticides. Diazoxon (DZO), the oxon metabolite of DZN, has been attributed immunotoxic effects. Still, to date there are no reports on the effects of DZO upon parameters involved in the signaling cascade of immune response cells. Therefore, this work evaluated the effect of DZO on key parameters of cell signaling (intracellular Ca2+ flux, ERK 1/2 phosphorylation), cell proliferation, and antiproliferative processes (apoptosis, senescence, mitochondrial membrane potential) in spleen mononuclear cells of Nile tilapia fish. The results obtained show that DZO does not affect cell proliferation but causes a lack of response to stimulation with PMA and ionomycin to release intracellular calcium. In addition, it inhibits ERK 1/2 phosphorylation and causes loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, apoptosis, and senescence. These results suggest that the lack of cell response to release intracytoplasmic Ca2+ inhibits ERK which disrupts the mitochondrial membrane potential, leading to cell apoptosis and senescence. These findings prove that DZO significantly affects key parameters involved in the survival of immune response cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J G Díaz-Resendiz
- Laboratorio de Inmunotoxicología, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Cd de la Cultura s/n, Z.P. 63000, Tepic Nayarit, Mexico; Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación para la Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA)-Unidad Nayarit, Centro Nayarita de Innovación y Transferencia de Tecnología A.C., Calle Tres s/n. Col. Cd Industrial, Z.P. 63173, Tepic, Mexico
| | - J A Bernal-Ortega
- Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químicobiológicas y Farmacéuticas, Cd de la Cultura s/n, Z.P. 63000, Tepic Nayarit, Mexico
| | - C E Covantes-Rosales
- Laboratorio de Inmunotoxicología, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Cd de la Cultura s/n, Z.P. 63000, Tepic Nayarit, Mexico
| | - P C Ortiz-Lazareno
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara Jalisco, Mexico
| | - G A Toledo-Ibarra
- Laboratorio de Inmunotoxicología, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Cd de la Cultura s/n, Z.P. 63000, Tepic Nayarit, Mexico; Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación para la Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA)-Unidad Nayarit, Centro Nayarita de Innovación y Transferencia de Tecnología A.C., Calle Tres s/n. Col. Cd Industrial, Z.P. 63173, Tepic, Mexico
| | - G H Ventura-Ramon
- Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación para la Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA)-Unidad Nayarit, Centro Nayarita de Innovación y Transferencia de Tecnología A.C., Calle Tres s/n. Col. Cd Industrial, Z.P. 63173, Tepic, Mexico; Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químicobiológicas y Farmacéuticas, Cd de la Cultura s/n, Z.P. 63000, Tepic Nayarit, Mexico
| | - M I Girón-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Inmunotoxicología, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Cd de la Cultura s/n, Z.P. 63000, Tepic Nayarit, Mexico; Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación para la Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA)-Unidad Nayarit, Centro Nayarita de Innovación y Transferencia de Tecnología A.C., Calle Tres s/n. Col. Cd Industrial, Z.P. 63173, Tepic, Mexico.
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Fuentes-Cano MA, Bustamante-Valdez DJ, Durán P. Perinatal exposure to nicotine disrupts circadian locomotor and learning efficiency rhythms in juvenile mice. Brain Struct Funct 2020; 225:2287-2297. [PMID: 32789697 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-020-02126-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The increased rates of nicotine exposure by electronic nicotine delivery systems (vaping), ingestion, or patches during pregnancy as an alternative to the smoking of tobacco arise concerns about the neurodevelopmental, cognitive, and behavioral long-term consequences in the juvenile offspring. Nowadays, the use of electronic cigarettes as supposed a safer smoking alternative has been increased mainly in young females at reproductive age, due to the "safety" misconception. However, previous studies suggest that exposure to nicotine during pregnancy and prenatal development may lead to detrimental effects in the postnatal lifespan. Nicotine, as an alkaloid, alters the reward system acting as acetylcholine (ACh) agonist on nicotinic cholinergic receptors (nAChRs). In early brain development, the cholinergic system is also involved in neurite outgrowth, cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, neurogenesis, and many other critical processes being considered as a developmental signal marker. The nicotine noxious effect at those early stages may impact the system programming and plasticity in the long-term postnatal life. In this study, we analyze the circadian locomotor activity and learning efficiency rhythms in the juvenile male offspring of mice exposed to nicotine through pregnancy and lactation. Attenuated rhythm amplitude and relative power of the circadian component were found in the nicotine exposed offspring (pN). The acrophase (the best performance during a 24-h cycle) of learning efficiency was delayed and the long-term memory consolidation task failed after 8 days of learning experience. The aforementioned results suggest nicotine exposure in uterus modifies the circadian modulation related to the memory consolidation and locomotor systems as well as its environmental temporal synchronization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin A Fuentes-Cano
- Laboratorio de Biología Animal Experimental, Depto. Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Neurofisiología del Desarrollo y Ritmos Biológicos, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Copilco-Universidad, Coyoacán, México City, 04510, México
| | - Dulce J Bustamante-Valdez
- Laboratorio de Biología Animal Experimental, Depto. Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Neurofisiología del Desarrollo y Ritmos Biológicos, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Copilco-Universidad, Coyoacán, México City, 04510, México
| | - Pilar Durán
- Laboratorio de Biología Animal Experimental, Depto. Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Neurofisiología del Desarrollo y Ritmos Biológicos, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Copilco-Universidad, Coyoacán, México City, 04510, México.
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Zheng F, Zhou YT, Feng DD, Li PF, Tang T, Luo JK, Wang Y. Metabolomics analysis of the hippocampus in a rat model of traumatic brain injury during the acute phase. Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01520. [PMID: 31908160 PMCID: PMC7010586 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has increased in rank among traumatic injuries worldwide. Traumatic brain injury is a serious obstacle given that its complex pathology represents a long-term process. Recently, systems biology strategies such as metabolomics to investigate the multifactorial nature of TBI have facilitated attempts to find biomarkers and probe molecular pathways for its diagnosis and therapy. METHODS This study included a group of 20 rats with controlled cortical impact and a group of 20 sham rats. We utilized mNSS tests to investigate neurological metabolic impairments on day 1 and day 3. Furthermore, we applied metabolomics and bioinformatics to determine the metabolic perturbation caused by TBI during the acute period in the hippocampus tissue of controlled cortical impact (CCI) rats. Notably, TBI-protein-metabolite subnetworks identified from a database were assessed for associations between metabolites and TBI by the dysregulation of related enzymes and transporters. RESULTS Our results identified 7 and 8 biomarkers on day 1 and day 3, respectively. Additionally, related pathway disorders showed effects on arginine and proline metabolism as well as taurine and hypotaurine metabolism on day 3 in acute TBI. Furthermore, according to metabolite-protein database searches, 25 metabolite-protein pairs were established as causally associated with TBI. Further, bioinformation indicated that these TBI-associated proteins mainly take part in 5'-nucleotidase activity and carboxylic acid transmembrane transport. In addition, interweaved networks were constructed to show that the development of TBI might be affected by metabolite-related proteins and their protein pathways. CONCLUSION The overall results show that acute TBI is susceptible to metabolic disorders, and the joint metabolite-protein network analysis provides a favorable prediction of TBI pathogenesis mechanisms in the brain. The signatures in the hippocampus might be promising for the development of biomarkers and pathways relevant to acute TBI and could further guide testable predictions of the underlying mechanism of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zheng
- College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan-Tao Zhou
- College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Dan-Dan Feng
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Peng-Fei Li
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tao Tang
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie-Kun Luo
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Perez-Fernandez C, Morales-Navas M, Guardia-Escote L, Garrido-Cárdenas JA, Colomina MT, Giménez E, Sánchez-Santed F. Long-term effects of low doses of Chlorpyrifos exposure at the preweaning developmental stage: A locomotor, pharmacological, brain gene expression and gut microbiome analysis. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 135:110865. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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37
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APOE genetic background and sex confer different vulnerabilities to postnatal chlorpyrifos exposure and modulate the response to cholinergic drugs. Behav Brain Res 2019; 376:112195. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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38
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Williams RH, Vazquez-DeRose J, Thomas AM, Piquet J, Cauli B, Kilduff TS. Cortical nNOS/NK1 Receptor Neurons are Regulated by Cholinergic Projections From the Basal Forebrain. Cereb Cortex 2019; 28:1959-1979. [PMID: 28472227 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholinergic (ACh) basal forebrain (BF) neurons are active during wakefulness and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and are involved in sleep homeostasis. We have previously shown in adult animals that cortical neurons that express neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and the receptor for Substance P (NK1R) are activated during non-REM (NREM) sleep in proportion to homeostatic sleep drive. Here, we show that BF neurons modulate cortical nNOS/NK1R cells. In vitro optogenetic stimulation of BF terminals both activated and inhibited nNOS/NK1R neurons. Pharmacological studies revealed cholinergic responses mediated by postsynaptic activation of muscarinic receptors (mAChRs; M3R > M2/4R > M1R) and that presynaptic M3R and M2R activation reduced glutamatergic input onto nNOS/NK1R neurons whereas nicotinic receptor (nAChR)-mediated responses of nNOS/NK1R neurons were mixed. Cholinergic responses of nNOS/NK1R neurons were largely unaffected by prolonged wakefulness. ACh release, including from BF cells, appears to largely excite cortical nNOS/NK1R cells while reducing glutamatergic inputs onto these neurons. We propose that cholinergic signaling onto cortical nNOS/NK1R neurons may contribute to the regulation of cortical activity across arousal states, but that this response is likely independent of the role of these neurons in sleep homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhîannan H Williams
- Center for Neuroscience, Biosciences Division, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | | | - Alexia M Thomas
- Center for Neuroscience, Biosciences Division, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Juliette Piquet
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8246, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Paris, FR 75005, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, UM 119, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Paris, FR 75005, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR-S 1130, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Paris, FR 75005, France
| | - Bruno Cauli
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8246, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Paris, FR 75005, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, UM 119, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Paris, FR 75005, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR-S 1130, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Paris, FR 75005, France
| | - Thomas S Kilduff
- Center for Neuroscience, Biosciences Division, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
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Choline: Exploring the Growing Science on Its Benefits for Moms and Babies. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11081823. [PMID: 31394787 PMCID: PMC6722688 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of ensuring adequate choline intakes during pregnancy is increasingly recognized. Choline is critical for a number of physiological processes during the prenatal period with roles in membrane biosynthesis and tissue expansion, neurotransmission and brain development, and methyl group donation and gene expression. Studies in animals and humans have shown that supplementing the maternal diet with additional choline improves several pregnancy outcomes and protects against certain neural and metabolic insults. Most pregnant women in the U.S. are not achieving choline intake recommendations of 450 mg/day and would likely benefit from boosting their choline intakes through dietary and/or supplemental approaches.
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Elaeagnus glabra f. oxyphylla Attenuates Scopolamine-Induced Learning and Memory Impairments in Mice by Improving Cholinergic Transmission via Activation of CREB/NGF Signaling. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11061205. [PMID: 31141948 PMCID: PMC6627942 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of an Elaeagnus glabra f. oxyphylla (EGFO) ethanol extract in mice with scopolamine-induced memory dysfunction. Fifty male mice were randomly divided into a normal control group, a scopolamine-treated group, a scopolamine and EGFO extract-treated group, and a scopolamine and tacrine-treated group. EGFO (50 or 100 mg/kg/day) was received for 21 days. Step-through passive avoidance and Y-maze tests were performed to examine the effects of treatment on learning and memory impairments. Acetylcholine (Ach) levels and acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity were measured via an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Levels of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), nerve growth factor (NGF), cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), and apoptosis-related protein expression were determined via Western blot analysis. EGFO pretreatment significantly attenuated scopolamine-induced memory impairments, relative to findings observed in the scopolamine-treated group. Levels of cholinergic factors in the brain tissues were markedly attenuated in the scopolamine-treated group. EGFO treatment also attenuated neural apoptosis in scopolamine-treated mice by decreasing the expression of apoptosis-related proteins such as Bax, Bcl2, cleaved caspase-3, and TUNEL staining. These results suggest that EGFO improves memory and cognition in a mouse model of memory impairment by restoring cholinergic and anti-apoptotic activity, possibly via activation of CREB/NGF signaling.
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Buck JM, Sanders KN, Wageman CR, Knopik VS, Stitzel JA, O'Neill HC. Developmental nicotine exposure precipitates multigenerational maternal transmission of nicotine preference and ADHD-like behavioral, rhythmometric, neuropharmacological, and epigenetic anomalies in adolescent mice. Neuropharmacology 2019; 149:66-82. [PMID: 30742847 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Maternal smoking during pregnancy, a form of developmental nicotine exposure (DNE), is associated with increased nicotine use and neurodevelopmental disorders such as ADHD in children. Here, we characterize the behavioral, rhythmometric, neuropharmacological, and epigenetic consequences of DNE in the F1 (first) and F2 (second) generation adolescent offspring of mice exposed to nicotine prior to and throughout breeding. We assessed the effects of passive oral methylphenidate (MPH) administration and voluntary nicotine consumption on home cage activity rhythms and activity and risk-taking behaviors in the open field. Results imply a multigenerational predisposition to nicotine consumption in DNE mice and demonstrate ADHD-like diurnal and nocturnal hyperactivity and anomalies in the rhythmicity of home cage activity that are reversibly rescued by MPH and modulated by voluntary nicotine consumption. DNE mice are hyperactive in the open field and display increased risk-taking behaviors that are normalized by MPH. Pharmacological characterization of nicotinic and dopaminergic systems in striatum and frontal cortex reveals altered expression and dysfunction of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), hypersensitivity to nicotine-induced nAChR-mediated dopamine release, and impaired dopamine transporter (DAT) function in DNE mice. Global DNA methylation assays indicate DNA methylome deficits in striatum and frontal cortex of DNE mice. Collectively, our data demonstrate that DNE enhances nicotine preference, elicits hyperactivity and risk-taking behaviors, perturbs the rhythmicity of activity, alters nAChR expression and function, impairs DAT function, and causes DNA hypomethylation in striatum and frontal cortex of both first and second-generation adolescent offspring. These findings recapitulate multiple domains of ADHD symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan M Buck
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, United States; Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, United States.
| | - Kelsey N Sanders
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, United States
| | - Charles R Wageman
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, United States
| | - Valerie S Knopik
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University, United States
| | - Jerry A Stitzel
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, United States; Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, United States
| | - Heidi C O'Neill
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, United States
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Eduardo CRC, Alejandra TIG, Guadalupe DRKJ, Herminia VRG, Lenin P, Enrique BV, Evandro BM, Oscar B, Iván GPM. Modulation of the extraneuronal cholinergic system on main innate response leukocytes. J Neuroimmunol 2019; 327:22-35. [PMID: 30683425 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The expression of elements of the cholinergic system has been demonstrated in non-neuronal cells, such as immune cells, where acetylcholine modulates innate and adaptive responses. However, the study of the non-neuronal cholinergic system has focused on lymphocyte cholinergic mechanisms, with less attention to its role of innate cells. Considering this background, the aims of this review are 1) to review information regarding the cholinergic components of innate immune system cells; 2) to discuss the effect of cholinergic stimuli on cell functions; 3) and to describe the importance of cholinergic stimuli on host immunocompetence, in order to set the base for the design of intervention strategies in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Covantes-Rosales Carlos Eduardo
- Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Laboratorio de Inmunotoxicología, Boulevard Tepic-Xalisco s/n, Cd de la Cultura Amado Nervo, C.P. 63000 Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Toledo-Ibarra Gladys Alejandra
- Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Laboratorio de Inmunotoxicología, Boulevard Tepic-Xalisco s/n, Cd de la Cultura Amado Nervo, C.P. 63000 Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico; Centro Nayarita de Innovación y Transferencia de Tecnología A.C. Laboratorio Nacional para la Investigación en Inocuidad Alimentaria-Unidad Nayarit, Calle Tres s/n. Cd Industrial, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Díaz-Resendiz Karina Janice Guadalupe
- Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Laboratorio de Inmunotoxicología, Boulevard Tepic-Xalisco s/n, Cd de la Cultura Amado Nervo, C.P. 63000 Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Ventura-Ramón Guadalupe Herminia
- Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Laboratorio de Inmunotoxicología, Boulevard Tepic-Xalisco s/n, Cd de la Cultura Amado Nervo, C.P. 63000 Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico; Centro Nayarita de Innovación y Transferencia de Tecnología A.C. Laboratorio Nacional para la Investigación en Inocuidad Alimentaria-Unidad Nayarit, Calle Tres s/n. Cd Industrial, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Pavón Lenin
- Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente", Laboratorio de Psicoinmunología, Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, 14370 México City, DF, Mexico
| | - Becerril-Villanueva Enrique
- Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente", Laboratorio de Psicoinmunología, Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, 14370 México City, DF, Mexico
| | - Bauer Moisés Evandro
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Pesquisas Biomédicas, Laboratório de Imunologia do Envelhecimento, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Bottaso Oscar
- Universidad Nacional de Rosario-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (UNR-CONICET), Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Girón-Pérez Manuel Iván
- Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Laboratorio de Inmunotoxicología, Boulevard Tepic-Xalisco s/n, Cd de la Cultura Amado Nervo, C.P. 63000 Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico; Centro Nayarita de Innovación y Transferencia de Tecnología A.C. Laboratorio Nacional para la Investigación en Inocuidad Alimentaria-Unidad Nayarit, Calle Tres s/n. Cd Industrial, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico.
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Guardia-Escote L, Basaure P, Blanco J, Cabré M, Pérez-Fernández C, Sánchez-Santed F, Domingo JL, Colomina MT. Postnatal exposure to chlorpyrifos produces long-term effects on spatial memory and the cholinergic system in mice in a sex- and APOE genotype-dependent manner. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 122:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.09.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Postnatal chlorpyrifos exposure and apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype differentially affect cholinergic expression and developmental parameters in transgenic mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 118:42-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.04.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Boente-Juncal A, Méndez AG, Vale C, Vieytes MR, Botana LM. In Vitro Effects of Chronic Spirolide Treatment on Human Neuronal Stem Cell Differentiation and Cholinergic System Development. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018. [PMID: 29518322 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Spirolides (SPX) are marine toxins, produced by dinoflagellates that act as potent antagonists of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. These compounds are not toxic for humans, and since there are no reports of human intoxications caused by this group of toxins they are not yet currently regulated in Europe. Currently 13-desmethyl spirolide C, 13,19-didesmethyl spirolide C, and 20-methyl spirolide G are commercially available as reference materials. Previous work in our laboratory has demonstrated that after 4 days of treatment of primary mice cortical neurons with 13-desmethyl spirolide C, the compound ameliorated the glutamate induced toxicity and increased acetylcholine levels and the expression of the acetylcholine synthesizing enzyme being useful both in vitro and in vivo to decrease the brain pathology associated with Alzheimer's disease. In this work, we aimed to extend the study of the neuronal effects of spirolides in human neuronal cells. To this end, human neuronal progenitor cells CTX0E16 were employed to evaluate the in vitro effect of spirolides on neuronal development. The results presented here indicate that long-term exposure (30 days) of human neuronal stem cells to SPX compounds, at concentrations up to 50 nM, ameliorated the MPP+-induced neurotoxicity and increased the expression of neuritic and dendritic markers, the levels of the choline acetyltransferase enzyme and the protein levels of the α7 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. These effects are presumably due to the previously described interaction of these compounds with nicotinic receptors containing both α7 and α4 subunits. All together, these data emphasize the idea that SPX could be attractive lead molecules against neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Boente-Juncal
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27001 Lugo, Spain
| | - Aida G. Méndez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27001 Lugo, Spain
| | - Carmen Vale
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27001 Lugo, Spain
| | - Mercedes R. Vieytes
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27001 Lugo, Spain
| | - Luis M. Botana
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27001 Lugo, Spain
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Morris M, Shaw A, Lambert M, Perry HH, Lowenstein E, Valenzuela D, Velazquez-Ulloa NA. Developmental nicotine exposure affects larval brain size and the adult dopaminergic system of Drosophila melanogaster. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2018; 18:13. [PMID: 29898654 PMCID: PMC6001141 DOI: 10.1186/s12861-018-0172-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregnant women may be exposed to nicotine if they smoke or use tobacco products, nicotine replacement therapy, or via e-cigarettes. Prenatal nicotine exposure has been shown to have deleterious effects on the nervous system in mammals including changes in brain size and in the dopaminergic system. The genetic and molecular mechanisms for these changes are not well understood. A Drosophila melanogaster model for these effects of nicotine exposure could contribute to faster identification of genes and molecular pathways underlying these effects. The purpose of this study was to determine if developmental nicotine exposure affects the nervous system of Drosophila melanogaster, focusing on changes to brain size and the dopaminergic system at two developmental stages. RESULTS We reared flies on control or nicotine food from egg to 3rd instar larvae or from egg to adult and determined effectiveness of the nicotine treatment. We used immunohistochemistry to visualize the whole brain and dopaminergic neurons, using tyrosine hydroxylase as the marker. We measured brain area, tyrosine hydroxylase fluorescence, and counted the number of dopaminergic neurons in brain clusters. We detected an increase in larval brain hemisphere area, a decrease in tyrosine hydroxylase fluorescence in adult central brains, and a decrease in the number of neurons in the PPM3 adult dopaminergic cluster. We tested involvement of Dα7, one of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits, and found it was involved in eclosion, as previously described, but not involved in brain size. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that developmental nicotine exposure in Drosophila melanogaster affects brain size and the dopaminergic system. Prenatal nicotine exposure in mammals has also been shown to have effects on brain size and in the dopaminergic system. This study further establishes Drosophila melanogaster as model organism to study the effects of developmental nicotine exposure. The genetic and molecular tools available for Drosophila research will allow elucidation of the mechanisms underlying the effects of nicotine exposure during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Morris
- School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Ariel Shaw
- Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Lewis & Clark College, Portland, USA
| | | | | | - Eve Lowenstein
- Biology Department, Lewis & Clark College, Portland, USA
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Verma S, Kumar A, Tripathi T, Kumar A. Muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists: current scenario in Alzheimer's disease therapy. J Pharm Pharmacol 2018; 70:985-993. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Alzheimer's disease (AD) has become the primary cause of dementia. It shows a progressive cognitive dysfunction with degenerating neurons. Acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) propagate the cognitive ability and it consists of two primary members namely muscarinic (mAChRs) and nicotinic receptors (nAChRs). Where mAChRs is G-protein coupled receptor, (nAChRs) are ligand-gated ion channels. The conventional therapeutic regimen for AD consists of three acetylcholinestearse inhibitors while a single NMDA receptor antagonist. Researchers around the globe are developing new and modifying the existing AChRs agonists to develop lead candidates with lower risk to benefit ratio where benefits clearly outweigh the adverse events.
Key findings
We have searched PubMed, MEDLINE, Google scholar, Science Direct and, Web of Science with keywords “Muscarinic/Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, agonists and, AD”. The literature search included articles written in English. Scientific relevance for clinical studies, basic science studies is eligibility criteria for articles referred in this paper. M1 is the primary muscarinic subtype while α7 is the primary nAChR subtype that is responsible for cognition and memory and these two have been the major recent experimental targets for mAChR agonist strategy.
Summary
The last cholinergic receptor agonist to enter phase 3 trial was EVP-6124 (Enceniclin) but was withdrawn due to severe gastrointestinal adverse effects. We aim to present an overview of the efforts and achievements in targeting Muscarinic and Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in the current review for development of better AD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuti Verma
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Raipur, Raipur, India
| | - Ashwini Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Raipur, Raipur, India
| | - Timir Tripathi
- Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India
| | - Awanish Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Raipur, Raipur, India
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Hyperactivity and memory/learning deficits evoked by developmental exposure to nicotine and/or ethanol are mitigated by cAMP and cGMP signaling cascades activation. Neurotoxicology 2018; 66:150-159. [PMID: 29653137 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Pregnant smoking women are frequently episodic drinkers. Here, we investigated whether ethanol exposure restricted to the brain growth spurt period when combined with chronic developmental exposure to nicotine aggravates memory/learning deficits and hyperactivity, and associated cAMP and cGMP signaling disruption. To further investigate the role of these signaling cascades, we verified whether vinpocetine (a phosphodiesterase inhibitor) ameliorates the neurochemical and behavioral outcomes. Swiss mice had free access to nicotine (NIC, 50 μg/ml) or water to drink during gestation and until the 8th postnatal day (PN8). Ethanol (ETOH, 5 g/kg, i.p.) or saline were injected in the pups every other day from PN2 to PN8. At PN30, animals either received vinpocetine (20 mg/kg, i.p.) or vehicle before being tested in the step-down passive avoidance or open field. Memory/learning was impaired in NIC, ETOH and NIC + ETOH mice, and vinpocetine mitigated ETOH- and NIC + ETOH-induced deficits. Locomotor hyperactivity identified in ETOH and NIC + ETOH mice was ameliorated by vinpocetine. While cyclic nucleotides levels in cerebral cortex and hippocampus were reduced by NIC, ETOH and NIC + ETOH, this outcome was more consistent in the latter group. As observed for behavior, vinpocetine normalized NIC + ETOH nucleotides levels. pCREB levels were also increased in response to vinpocetine, with stronger effects in the NIC + ETOH group. Exposure to both drugs of abuse worsens behavioral and neurochemical disruption. These findings and the amelioration of deleterious effects by vinpocetine support the idea that cAMP and cGMP signaling contribute to nicotine- and ethanol-induced hyperactivity and memory/learning deficits.
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Lecomte MJ, Bertolus C, Ramanantsoa N, Saurini F, Callebert J, Sénamaud-Beaufort C, Ringot M, Bourgeois T, Matrot B, Collet C, Nardelli J, Mallet J, Vodjdani G, Gallego J, Launay JM, Berrard S. Acetylcholine Modulates the Hormones of the Growth Hormone/Insulinlike Growth Factor-1 Axis During Development in Mice. Endocrinology 2018; 159:1844-1859. [PMID: 29509880 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-03175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Pituitary growth hormone (GH) and insulinlike growth factor (IGF)-1 are anabolic hormones whose physiological roles are particularly important during development. The activity of the GH/IGF-1 axis is controlled by complex neuroendocrine systems including two hypothalamic neuropeptides, GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) and somatostatin (SRIF), and a gastrointestinal hormone, ghrelin. The neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) is involved in tuning GH secretion, and its GH-stimulatory action has mainly been shown in adults but is not clearly documented during development. ACh, together with these hormones and their receptors, is expressed before birth, and somatotroph cells are already responsive to GHRH, SRIF, and ghrelin. We thus hypothesized that ACh could contribute to the modulation of the main components of the somatotropic axis during development. In this study, we generated a choline acetyltransferase knockout mouse line and showed that heterozygous mice display a transient deficit in ACh from embryonic day 18.5 to postnatal day 10, and they recover normal ACh levels from the second postnatal week. This developmental ACh deficiency had no major impact on weight gain and cardiorespiratory status of newborn mice. Using this mouse model, we found that endogenous ACh levels determined the concentrations of circulating GH and IGF-1 at embryonic and postnatal stages. In particular, serum GH level was correlated with brain ACh content. ACh also modulated the levels of GHRH and SRIF in the hypothalamus and ghrelin in the stomach, and it affected the levels of these hormones in the circulation. This study identifies ACh as a potential regulator of the somatotropic axis during the developmental period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-José Lecomte
- Univercell-Biosolutions, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Chloé Bertolus
- Département de Chirurgie Maxillo-Faciale, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Nélina Ramanantsoa
- PROTECT UMR1141-Inserm, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France
| | - Françoise Saurini
- PROTECT UMR1141-Inserm, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France
| | - Jacques Callebert
- U942-Inserm, Université Paris-Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Lariboisière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Maud Ringot
- PROTECT UMR1141-Inserm, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Bourgeois
- PROTECT UMR1141-Inserm, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France
| | - Boris Matrot
- PROTECT UMR1141-Inserm, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France
| | - Corinne Collet
- U1132-Inserm, Université Paris-Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Lariboisière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jeannette Nardelli
- PROTECT UMR1141-Inserm, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France
| | - Jacques Mallet
- UMRS1127-CNRS, Inserm, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Sorbonne Universités, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Guilan Vodjdani
- PROTECT UMR1141-Inserm, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France
- CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Jorge Gallego
- PROTECT UMR1141-Inserm, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marie Launay
- U942-Inserm, Université Paris-Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Lariboisière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Berrard
- PROTECT UMR1141-Inserm, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France
- CNRS, Paris, France
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Toledo-Ibarra GA, Rodríguez-Sánchez EJ, Ventura-Ramón HG, Díaz-Resendiz KJG, Girón-Pérez MI. Cholinergic alterations by exposure to pesticides used in control vector: Guppies fish (Poecilia reticulta) as biological model. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2018; 28:79-89. [PMID: 29380629 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2018.1429577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Spinosad and temephos are two of the most used pesticides in Mexico for the control of vector causing disease such as dengue, chikungunya and Zika. The aim of this study was to compare the neurotoxic effects of these two pesticides using guppy fish (Poecilia reticulata) as a model organism. Guppies were exposed for 7 and 21 days to technical grade temephos and spinosad at 1.0 and 0.07 g/L, respectively, (10 and 0.5 mg/L of active substance; concentrations recommended by the Ministery of Health of the State (Secretaría de Salud de Nayarit (SSN) Mexico)). Subsequently, acetylcholinesterase activity (AChE) and acetylcholine concentrations (ACh) in muscle tissue were determined. Temephos exposure decreased AChE activity and increased ACh concentration, whereas exposure to spinosad only increased ACh concentration. Though cholinergic alterations were more severe in fish exposed to temephos, both pesticides were equally lethal during the first seven days after exposure. Nonetheless, temephos was more lethal after 21 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Toledo-Ibarra
- a Laboratorio de Inmunotoxicología , Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit. Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado , Tepic , México
- b Unidad Especializada Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación para la Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA)-Unidad Nayarit, Centro Nayarita de Innovación y Transferencia de Tecnología A.C. , Tepic , México
| | - E J Rodríguez-Sánchez
- a Laboratorio de Inmunotoxicología , Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit. Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado , Tepic , México
| | - H G Ventura-Ramón
- a Laboratorio de Inmunotoxicología , Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit. Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado , Tepic , México
- b Unidad Especializada Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación para la Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA)-Unidad Nayarit, Centro Nayarita de Innovación y Transferencia de Tecnología A.C. , Tepic , México
| | - K J G Díaz-Resendiz
- a Laboratorio de Inmunotoxicología , Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit. Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado , Tepic , México
| | - M I Girón-Pérez
- a Laboratorio de Inmunotoxicología , Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit. Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado , Tepic , México
- b Unidad Especializada Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación para la Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA)-Unidad Nayarit, Centro Nayarita de Innovación y Transferencia de Tecnología A.C. , Tepic , México
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